Abstract: A van door slidable in tracks (16, 18 and 20). An operating module is mounted inside the van adjacent center track 18. A front cable attached to drive pulley (144) extends through guide assembly (54) to hinge and roller assemble (26). A rear cable attached to drive pulley (136) extends through guide assembly (56) to hinge and roller assembly (26). The drive pulleys (136 and 144) each have a large diameter spiral cable groove (164), a small diameter cable groove (208) and a transition cable groove (210). A motor rotates the drive pulleys. The small diameter cable grooves drive the door when the door is in the forward portion of the tracks. The large diameter spiral cable grooves drive the door when the door is in the center and rear portions of the track.

Abstract: An angulated door assembly affording reduced entry and exit time and motion therethrough. Each door is angulated relative to the adjacent walls and/or the conventional path of ingress/egress therethrough. Such an assembly configuration affords increased sealing capacity as well as convenience for the user. The door opens and closes faster by swinging less than a conventional door, which presents itself orthogonally to the path of ingress/egress. By utilizing a pair of angulated doorways, the doors self-seal against each other while providing the advantages of angulated disposition relative to the path of ingress/egress.

Abstract: A sealing device for the frame of a bay provided in a door panel with the bay having a rabbet and being adapted to be closed by a window. The sealing device includes a first part for fastening on the rabbet having sealing lips designed to contact the window, a second part being connected to the first part by a third part which is sufficiently resilient and compliant to enable relative movement of the two first parts and the attachment by a locking action of said second part to an anchoring edge of the door panel.

Abstract: The buck frame is in a one-piece construction and is designed to be embedded in a poured concrete wall. The exterior of the buck frame is provided with reinforcing ribs, while its interior surfaces form a centrally-located boss, the side faces of which are provided with lips and grooves to releasably retain a window frame, made of four separate interfitting parts. A resilient polyurethane board is fitted between the lintel part of the window frame and the registering boss of the buck frame to provide for installation and removal of the horizontally-slidable window panes and also of the window frame parts.

Abstract: The machine comprises a retainer member (28) for a saw blade (10) to be plugged on as well as two machining stations located diametrically opposite each other with respect to the retainer member (28). A grinding device (38, 58) each is disposed at the two machining stations. The grinding devices (38, 58) are controlled such that they act simultaneously on a tooth (12, 16) each of the saw blade (10). Furthermore, a clamping device (70) each is disposed at the two stations, and these clamping devices are controlled such that they simultaneously clamp the saw blade (10), respectively, before the grinding devices (38, 38) engage the saw blade (10).

Abstract: The tool mounting arrangement employs a bushing within a recessed end of a shaft. The bushing has three lobes with inclined surfaces which abut against an internal conical wall of an annular mounting portion on the end of the shaft. A threaded screw passes through a washer and the grind wheel in non-rotatable relation into threaded relation in the bushing. Turning of the screw causes the bushing to be pulled in a direction out of the shaft so as to radially deform the annular mounting portion into uniform contact with the bore of the grind wheel while the grind wheel is simultaneously abutted square to the shaft axis. The annular mounting portion is provided with equi-spaced circumferentially disposed notches to permit passage of the lobes upon insertion of the bushing into the recess at the end of the shaft. One or more set screws is also provided in the shaft to prevent rotation of the bushing within the recess of the shaft.

Abstract: A hand belt sander has a housing, a drive roller and a deflecting roller both rotatably supported in the housing, the deflecting roller being arranged at a distance from the drive roller movable between a substantially axes-parallel arrangement and out of the axes-parallel arrangement with the drive roller, an endless sanding belt guided along the rollers, a guide plate located in the housing and carrying a control plate with an end for receiving the deflecting roller and being displaceable together with the control plate, a lever arm sensing a position of the sanding belt by a stop part and acting on the position of the sanding belt, a swivel arm around which the lever arm is swivelable and which extends perpendicular relative to the guide plate. The swivel arm sits in the guide plate. The control plate is swivelable around the swivel axle together with the ends and extends toward the guide roller so as to form the swivel arm in a one-piece element, and also carries the stop part.

Abstract: There is disclosed in connection with a random orbital sander the utilization of improved arrangements for resiliently supporting an air motor, controlling the flow of pressurized air to the motor, and utilizing air exhausted from the motor to withdraw dust from a shroud arranged to collect dust generated incident to operation of the sander. Also disclosed is an alternative dust collecting arrangement, wherein the shroud is connected by a sander mounted duct to a source of vacuum.

Abstract: The invention proposes a grinder having a rocking shaft adapted to set a grinding tool into an oscillating movement about a rocking axis fixed to the device, the grinding tool having a grinding surface comprising at least one corner area. For the purpose of extracting the grinding dust, there is provided a suction hood, which can be fixed on the device and which communicates with a suction pipe. In order to prevent the risk of surface marks forming during micro-finishing of surfaces, and at the same time to guarantee efficient dust removal, the grinding surface is designed as a continuous, closed surface, without any openings, the suction hood enclosing the grinding tool from above and at least part of the lateral faces of the grinding tool. The suction pipe opens laterally into the suction hood in an area opposite the corner area of the grinding surface. Further, the suction hood comprises a suction chamber extending from the suction pipe to the corner area of the grinding tool.

Abstract: A bushingless workhead comprises a flexible drill collet inside a flexible chucking collet. The chucking collet has external frusto-conical surfaces on the ends thereof that mate with corresponding frusto-conical surfaces on a pair of pistons. The pistons are slidable within a housing away from each other to apply opposed forces to the chucking collet. The forces cause the chucking collet to collapse and to also collapse the drill collet to grip a tool inside the drill collet. One piston applies a greater force on the chucking collet than the other piston. The chucking collet is thus forced to move longitudinally in one direction, and it abuts a fixed reference surface that repeatably locates the chucking collet during each tool gripping operation prior to the chucking collet collapsing to grip the tool.

Abstract: A part-spherical surface having a center of curvature at a workpiece axis is surface finished by rotating the workpiece about the workpiece axis and rotating about a tool axis a tool having a body of substantially greater diameter than the workpiece. The tool has an end formed by a part-spherical seat of the same radius of curvature as the workpiece surface, having a center of curvature on the tool axis, and having an outer periphery of predetermined diameter substantially less than the tool-body diameter, and by a generally frustoconical surface centered on the tool axis and having a small-diameter end adjacent and of generally the same diameter as the seat outer periphery and a large-diameter end spaced axially rearwardly therefrom and joined to the tool body. The tool and workpiece axes are tilted relative to each other so they intersect at an obtuse attack angle smaller than 180.degree. and the tool and workpiece are pressed axially together to engage the surfaces together.

Abstract: A method for grinding cast steel railroad wheels is provided. The apparatus comprises a railroad wheel support assembly that includes a roller assembly to receive and grasp the railroad wheel and rotate the railroad wheel about its center axis. A grinding assembly is also provided that includes a motor operatively connected to a grinding wheel. The motor and grinding wheel are mounted to a support assembly. The railroad wheel support assembly oscillates about an axle assembly during grinding. The grinding assembly is designed to advance the grinding wheel laterally into the railroad wheel during grinding. The lateral advancing of the grinding wheel and oscillating of the railroad wheel are controlled to achieve a finish grinding of the selected surface of the railroad wheel to a preselected contour.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for recovering a cleaning material and a surface material with a vacuum source. The surface material is removed from a surface by projecting the cleaning material such as sand, water or the like from a plurality of rotatable nozzle to impact upon the surface. The apparatus comprises a housing having a housing opening for projecting the cleaning material through the housing opening onto the surface. A fluid seal provides a seal between the housing and the surface. The vacuum source is connected to the housing for withdrawing the impacted cleaning material and the surface material removed from the surface.

Abstract: A blast nozzle for directing a stream of abrasive particles against a surface to remove surface contaminants therefrom further includes an externally attached atomized water nozzle which directs a stream of atomized water particles to the surface to suppress dust formation.

Abstract: A multi-activity complex incorporates a plurality of activity floors, each of which has an associated playing surface and is selectively movable between a storage position, located below an event staging or activity area, and an in-use position located in the activity area. A system is provided for alternatively shifting the activity floors between the respective storage and in-use positions. The shifting system includes a lift assembly for vertically moving the activity floors into and out of the activity area and a second mechanism for laterally shifting the activity floors to and from a respective storage area disposed below and laterally outwardly of the activity area.

Abstract: A method for securing residential and low rise commercial structures during periods of high wind employing mooring apparatus having a mooring cable (20), a ground anchor (22), and a tightening means (24). One end of the mooring cable (20) is permanently attached to a structural roof member, the remainder being stowed with the tightening means (24) in a roof housing (26). The ground anchor (22) is strategically installed exterior to the structure. Prior to the onset of a hurricane or other high wind condition, the mooring cable (20) is released from its roof housing (26), detachably fastened to the ground anchor (22), and made taught using the tightening means (24). A number of mooring apparatus are used to secure a given structure. Different ways of housing the stowed mooring cable in different types of structures are described.

Abstract: The subject invention is an improved amusement park ride apparatus which is an adaptation of an upright vertical ferris wheel ride of the type that is rotated about a fixed axis, such invention being an up-right wheel structure having chairs thereon to hold riders as the wheel rotates in a vertical plane. The axle of rotation of the wheel is adapted to move horizontally along a horizontally disposed track, essentially back and forth between positions along such horizontally disposed track. In a further embodiment of the subject invention, the horizontal track up which the ferris wheel can move may be optionally mounted on a rotatable platform to yield a horizontal circular movement of the entire apparatus in addition to the foregoing reciprocal linear movement.

Abstract: A ridge cover used to shingle houses, that gives a roof the appearance of a wood shake shingle. The cover is constructed from a rectangular sheet of asphalt composition which has a plurality of folding tabs. The tabs are arranged such that when the tabs are folded from the side, the resulting cover has a thickened portion on one end of the cover.

Abstract: An agricultural baler for making cylindrical bales of crop material having a sledge assembly moveable between bale starting and full bale positions. The sledge assembly includes a plurality of rollers which cooperate with an apron to define a bale forming chamber. A dispensing mechanism is carried on the sledge assembly for dispensing web material, such as net or the like, into the bale forming chamber whereupon it is wrapped circumferentially around a cylindrical package of crop material in the bale forming chamber. A net supply assembly is associated with the dispensing mechanism to provide net for feeding into the bale chamber via the dispensing mechanism. Included along the path of the net between the supply assembly and the dispensing mechanism is a net severing assembly for cutting the net after it has been wrapped around the cylindrical hay package formed in the chamber.

Abstract: Finishing systems and roof decks are provided which include a gypsum board having a set gypsum core faced with a fibrous mat. The gypsum core includes one or more additives which are effective in simultaneously improving the water and fire resistance of the board. In preferred embodiments, the board has sufficient water-resistant additive for absorbing less than about 10% water in an ASTM C-473 test.

Abstract: A column and beam joint system is used to make possible the construction of a large tower such as an electrical transmission tower, which has at least three and probably four corner legs or columns which are interconnected and supported by a lattice structure of cross members. The columns have specialized channels extending substantially their full lengths and the cross members have specialized locking ends which lock into retaining structure defined in the channels, permitting braces to be inserted and locked in place at any selected point along the channel. A technique for connecting a cross member brace between a column and another cross member is also disclosed. All of the principle parts of the tower are pultruded composites which are either used in their longitudinally extended form or sectioned as required by the application.

Abstract: A mass tower for medium or high consistency fiber suspension includes a vertically elongated circumferential side wall defining a space for receiving the fiber suspension. The bottom portion of the mass tower is filled with a material in an amount and of sufficient strength, preferably sand, gravel or concrete, to support the weight of the fiber suspension above the filling material. The filling material forms a bottom surface in contact with the fiber suspension and has an opening therein. Within the filling material is formed a flow channel in communication with the opening and extending through the filling material towards the side of the bottom portion for allowing the fiber suspension to be discharged from the mass tower. A method of manufacturing a mass tower and a method of converting an existing mass tower is also disclosed.

Abstract: A prefabricated modular closet comprising a base, an integral enclosure having sidewalls, a back wall, a front wall with an opening therein, and a ceiling, and furring attached to the exterior surface of the enclosure.

Abstract: A prefabricated building structure having a truncated, cone-like sidewall structure fabricated from a plurality of conjoined, arcuate surface sidewall panels with adjacent panels being interconnected by an external interruptible means. The sidewall panels, mounted on corresponding flooring panels, separately support conjoined ceiling panels which are of a wedge-shaped planar configuration and have a truncated inner end flanged upwardly for locking engagement with a central closure means. Various selectable insert panels or modules are engageable within the sidewall panels to provide a structure adapted to a variety of utilities including, but not limited to, housing and storage.

Abstract: Apparatus for deploying an articulated panel array comprises a spring motor between adjacent panels and a latch between adjacent panels. The latch between a given pair of panels is released by an abutment on the panel which is adjacent to the pair and toward the proximal end of the array only when the more proximally disposed panel of the pair moves to its fully deployed position. With this arrangement, only a single group of panels of the array moves at any given time providing an accurate deployment envelope.

Abstract: A stage platform assembly including a corner extrusion member for engagement in a box channel member, and a corner securing member for engagement about tongues of the corner extrusion member at the four corners of sections of the box channel member. A stage platform, such as plywood, secures in a protected fashion to the box channel member. Posts or other elevational members can engage in the corner extrusion member for securing sections of the stage platform together. Locks can also be utilized to secure the stage platform assemblies together.

Abstract: A telescoping wall joint system is disclosed, for connecting adjacent sections of an architectural structure, while accommodating substantial relative movement, such as might result from seismic activity Extended motion is provided in the joint system while avoiding the use of excessively wide components, which are both costly and aesthetically undesirable. A center cover plate, which spans the open space between two adjacent structural units, is received along one or both sides in a tubular sleeve. The cover plate is slidably extendable within a predetermined range in the tubular sleeves to accommodate normal movements of the structural units, such as may result from thermal expansion and contraction, for example. The tubular sleeves themselves are slidably received within fixed housings mounted on the respective structural units.

Abstract: A seamless tube useful in making a roofing batten is extruded from a polymeric material consisting essentially of a major amount of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and a minor amount of at least one polyolefin, flattened in a vacuum sizer so as to define two plies, and milled and drawn so as to orient the tube longitudinally. As milled and drawn, the tube is oriented so as to have a tensile strength of at least about 25,000 psi in a longitudinal direction. The plies are punched so as to have holes therethrough at spaced intervals along the tube. When used to make a roofing batten to coact with conventional fasteners, such as roofing screws, the tube exhibits superior characteristics of split resistance and pull-through resistance.

Abstract: A tool for lap siding installation includes a current board slot, a reference board slot and a lower surface, all three of which are disposed at an angle .alpha. from a reference surface at the top of the tool. The angle .alpha. corresponds to the angle between properly installed siding boards and the wall upon which they are installed. The current board slot has dimensions conforming to the dimensions of the siding being installed. The reference board slot is shorter than the current board slot by the amount of overlap that is desired between adjacent boards after the siding is installed. Optionally, a second set of these features with alternative dimensions can be disposed on the back of the tool making it suitable for use in installing a second type of siding when its orientation is reversed. To use the tool, a current board to be installed is lifted until it is close to its desired position and then fitted within the current board slot of the tool.

Abstract: A multilayer container having a flange portion and an easily-openable packaging container packaged by using said multilayer container, wherein the interlaminar strength of said multilayer container is smaller than the peelig strength between said flange portion and the lid member, and a ring notch is provided to an inner surface layer of the flange portion inside a heat seal portion. The packaging container has both of a good sealing property and an easy openability and has an excellent resistance to boiling and retort treatment, and peeled surface has a good appearance. A method for producing said multilayer container and a method for producing said packaging container, and an apparatus to be used for producing said multilayer container, and a method for filling and packaging, and an apparatus for filling and packaging are disclosed.

Abstract: A machine for harvesting foodstuffs, such as nuts from the ground, uses compressed air passing through at least one venturi to create a vacuum at the inlet of a pickup conduit. Nuts are sucked into the pickup conduit which provides a straight flow path for the nuts. Compressed air is also discharged near the pickup conduit inlet to blow nuts to the inlet of the pickup conduit. Additionally, the machine discharges air from laterally extending blower arms to move nuts from obstacles which cannot be easily reached by the pickup conduit to locations where the foodstuffs can be reached by the pickup conduit.

Abstract: A rake is provided including a U-shaped bail supported from the handle and a tine construction incorporating an elongated bar and a plurality of laterally outwardly projecting tines extends between and supported from the free ends of the arms of the bail for movement between an extended operative position with the plane of the tines disposed substantially normal to the plane of the bail and a retracted position with the plane of the tines substantially corresponding with the plane of the bail and the tines fully enclosed within the confines of the bail and projecting toward the free end of the handle which projects outwardly from the longitudinal center portion of the bight portion of the bail. Detent structure is provided for releaseably retaining the tine construction in its extended or operative position as well as in its retracted position and the tine construction and bail include coacting stop structure for limiting pivoting of the tine construction from the retracted position to the operative position.

Abstract: In the case of a spinning machine comprising spinning stations which are preferably arranged on both sides of the machine, depositing sites for several rows of cans are assigned to each side of the machine which contain the sliver to be spun. Delivery rollers are used for the transport of the slivers between the cans and the spinning stations. Stationary guiding surfaces are arranged between the delivery rollers for supporting the slivers. The guiding surfaces are spaced from a tangent line connecting the delivery rollers. The guiding surfaces are mounted to be selectively adjustably movable in certain preferred embodiments.

Abstract: In a device for the knotless joining of threads and yarns using compressed air, a chamber is provided including central region of substantially U or V cross-section, possibly with a flat base, and two lateral regions of substantially circular cross-section. The slits of the three regions, through which the yarns to be joined are inserted, form a continuous common gap which is closable frontally by a cover. A nozzle opens into the base of the central region in a direction perpendicular to the frontal opening of the slit of said central region, and a nozzle opens into the base of each lateral region opposite the frontal opening of the relative slit in a direction substantially tangential to the circular cross-section, these latter two nozzles being in opposing positions and feedable with compressed air via a duct which is separate from the feed duct for the nozzle opening into the central region.

Abstract: A steel cord comprising a number (between 3 and 27) of element steel wires tightly twisted at a regular pitch P between 5 and 20 mm in the same direction. Each wire has a diameter d between 0.1 and 0.4 mm. At least one of the wires includes a spiral portion having a spiral pitch P1 between 0.1P and 0.7P and a spiral diameter d1 between d+2/100 mm and d+2/10 mm. At least one other wire includes a straight portion. At any cross section of the cord, 1/4 through 2/3 of the wires is/are spiral and the other wire/s is/are straight. The stretch of the cord under a load of 5 kg is between 0.10 and 0.40%. A method of producing a steel cord comprises supplying a number of element steel wires, forming at least part of at least one of the wires to be spiral, and tightly twisting the wires.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for polishing combustion engine valves. The machine includes a rotating deburring wheel for on contact with the valve stem and a regulating surface which provides support and applies a rotational force to the valve stem. A pair of guide blades and a guide plate cooperate with the regulating surface to contain the valve stem when contacted by the deburring wheel. The guide blades are positioned at an angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the regulating surface to bias the valve in an inward direction against the guide plate during valve rotation. The machine further includes the use of a unique pivot point for the deburring wheel support so the deburring wheel contacts the valve stem approximately above the valve stem centerline regardless of valve stem diameter or variations in the diameter of the deburring wheel.

Abstract: A reserve-surface cleaning apparatus is used in combination with a ring-spinning machine having a longitudinally extending row of spindles each adapted to hold a roving sleeve and each formed below the respective sleeve with a respective reserve winding area and a longitudinally extending frame extending along a back side of the row and a service area extending along a front side of the row. The cleaning system has a guide rail extending on the frame longitudinally along the back side of the row of spindles, a cleaner carriage displaceable longitudinally along the rail past the spindles, and a drive for displacing the cleaner carriage longitudinally along the rail past the spindles. A set of tools on the cleaner carriage strips roving from the reserve surfaces as the cleaner carriage passes same.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a horseshoe is described, which is characterized in that firstly individual hoof dimensions are directly measured on the hoof and taken into account during manufacture in such a way that by an automatic control system a horseshoe is worked from a solid material and is ready for fitting to the hoof without any reworking or adaptation deformation being necessary.

Abstract: A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor which comprises nozzles for injecting fuel into a combustor and which serves to combust the fuel with air in a combustion chamber so as to rotatively drive a gas turbine by combustion gas compressed as a result of combustion of a fuel, wherein the ratio of a flow rate of fuel supplied into the combustor to a flow rate of air supplied into the combustor is changed in accordance with at least one of the states of fuel, air and rotational frequency of the turbine.

Abstract: A lubrication supply and return system for the center and rear bearing assemblies of a marine or industrial gas turbine engine. The supply line for both bearing assemblies and the return lines for the rear bearing assembly are mounted off-engine in an elongated tray which is supported by the engine and is capable of forward thermal expansion. The tray mounted supply line is connected to the supply pump and the center bearing assembly by flexible hoses. The tray supported return lines are attached to the scavenge pump by flexible hoses. The return lines from the center bearing assembly to the scavenge pump have flexible hose portions supported by the tray.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for monitoring catalytic converter efficiency in treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine having fuel control means for controlling the air/fuel ratio at which fuel is supplied to the engine in response to a fuel flow control signal. During normal operation mode, control signal means generate the fuel flow control signal based at least in part on output signals from first and second EGO sensors exposed to the exhaust gas upstream and downstream, respectively, of the catalytic converter. During a test operation mode, preferably initiated and carried out during substantially steady state or normal operation of the engine, the output signal from the upstream EGO sensor is replaced by a zero mean value periodic function test signal. The output signal of the second (i.e., downstream) EGO sensor is compared to a stored value corresponding to minimum acceptable efficacy of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine backbone deflection control apparatus to counter the effects of backbone bending due to gust, thrust. and maneuver loads by introducing a controlled backbone counter-bending moment by applying controlled tensioning forces only between axially spaced apart frames connected by the backbone. One embodiment of the invention, for a high bypass ratio turbofan engine, provides a hydraulically powered actuator to produce tensioning forces in cables connected between a fan frame and a turbine frame and the actuator is controlled by the engines digital electronic control system using input signals generated by inlet moment load sensors and/or blade tip clearance sensors.

Abstract: An air staged premixed dry low NO.sub.x combustor of the type that is constructed of a premixing chamber and a centerbody porous plug premixed flame stabilizer. Such structures of this type maintain very low flame temperatures and, ultimately, low NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: Chlorine and sulfur-free fuel gas substantially comprising H.sub.2 +CO for use as fuel in a gas turbine for the production of mechanical and electrical power and environmentally-safe flue gas is produced by the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbonaceous or solid carbonaceous fuels having chlorine and sulfur-containing impurities, cooling and splitting the raw fuel gas into two streams A and B, separately cooling raw fuel gas stream A by indirect heat exchange with dry N.sub.2 gas while separately cooling the stream of raw fuel gas B by indirect heat exchange with the product stream of clean chlorine and sulfur-free fuel gas. HCl and particulate matter are then removed from raw fuel gas streams A and B; and, after combining raw fuel gas streams A and B together further cooling and removal of sulfur-containing gases takes place. By this process, attack on metal heat exchangers by the corrosive constituents in the raw fuel gas is prevented.

Abstract: An installation is proposed for generating electrical energy in an open circuit for a gaseous fluid, comprising a compressor unit driven by a turbine receiving the compressed fluid after its passage through an exhaust gas heat exchanger, the installation further comprising a power generator driven by a gas turbine, the circuit also comprising a fuel cell receiving natural gas in its anode from an external source and receiving the gaseous fluid from the compressor unit as an oxidizing agent in its cathode, the electrical power originating from both the generator and the fuel cell forming the output of the installation.

Abstract: A thruster is described which is utilized, especially among other applications, for the tracking or orbital correction of a spacecraft, which comprises a housing configured as an anode, an expansion nozzle and a rod-shaped electrically insulated cathode centrally retained therein. The cathode is disposed in a combustion chamber into which propellant or propulsive gases are injected. The tip of the cathode is spaced so as to form a small air gap from the constricted cross-section of the nozzle neck. An electric arc is ignited between the anode and the cathode during the gas flow, from which arc the propellant gases receive additional thermal energy.

Abstract: A ducted fan gas turbine engine has a fan duct across which extends an aerodynamically configured fairing. The fairing has a leading edge region which is defined by a pair of doors. The doors pivot between a first position in which they define the fairing leading edge region and a second position in which they define an inlet for the flow of air into the fairing. The air flow into the fairing serves to provide cooling of components within the fairing.

Abstract: The emission of toxic materials when starting an internal combustion engine equipped with a catalytic converter and a secondary air pump can be further reduced with the method and arrangement of the invention. This reduction takes place by a switch-on of the secondary air pump under selectable conditions which include a warm start of the engine. The danger of overheating the catalytic converter by the operation of the secondary air pump for a warm engine is taken into account by a variable switch-on duration of the secondary air pump which can be realized by a counting procedure having an increment dependent on operating parameters.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine adapted to correct the problem of pollution occurring at start-up and during at least initial engine running, and characterized by an electrically heatable catalytic converter and, desirably, a separate unheated conventional catalytic converter in tandem relation. The system also provides means for providing electrical power greater than 500 watts for 2 seconds or more whereby the temperature of the catalyst is raised and maintained at least 650 F. An advantage of preferred embodiments is that there is provided a substantially improved means for augmenting conventional catalytic converter exhaust systems for modern requirements by inserting in the exhaust system an electrically heatable catalytic converter for conversion of pollutant material operative prior to, during and after start-up.

Abstract: Parameters which are related to the rate at which particulate matter accumulates and is reburnt, are monitored and the time at which a regeneration is required and/or the length of time a regeneration should be induced, are derived based on the same. The temperature at the inlet and outlet of a trap in which particulate matter is accumulated are monitored and measures such as throttling the induction and exhaust are implement in addition to energizing a heater disposed immediately upstream of the trap as required in order to elevate the trap temperature and to induce and maintain the reburning during a trap regeneration. The pressure differential across the trap can be used to determine the amount of incombustible matter (ash) which has accumulated in the trap and to modify the regeneration timing. When the temperature of the exhaust gases cannot be raised sufficiently, a by-pass is opened to attenuate cooling of the trap by the low temperature gases.