Abstract: An internal combustion engine with combined pressure charging has an exhaust turbocharger turbine arranged in an exhaust conduit of the internal combustion engine driving a compressor arranged in an intake conduit. A mechanically driven supercharger is arranged downstream of the compressor and is coupled continuously variably to the engine via a Fottinger speed transformer with variable-pitch guide vanes and variable speed slip. To bypass the mechanically driven supercharger, a bypass conduit is provided. A circulating-air slide is arranged in the bypass conduit for controlling the air quantity bypassing the mechanically driven supercharger. The degree of opening of the circulating-air slide and the slip of the Fottinger speed transformer are controlled as a function of operating parameters such that the charge-air pressure is adjusted to a predetermined set point value.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a diffuser for a gas turbine engine having a compressor providing compressed airflow thereto is disclosed having an outer wall and an inner wall, with a plurality of circumferential splitter vanes disposed therebetween to define a plurality of channels for diffusing airflow therethrough. The splitter vanes have an aft end and a leading edge, with the aft end being thicker and tapering in size to the leading edge. The splitter vanes also have a relatively thick bluff base region in order to better spread the airflow radially.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine combustor includes radially spaced outer and inner liners disposed coaxially about an engine longitudinal centerline axis with each liner having forward and aft ends. An annular dome is fixedly joined to the forward ends of the outer and inner liners. The outer liner has a substantially uniform thickness and is arcuate in a longitudinal plane from the forward to aft ends for providing buckling resistance of the outer liner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling a heat load in which a pressure vessel is provided to contain a cryogen as a saturated liquid and saturated vapor separated by liquid-vapor interface. The pressure vessel has an inlet adapted to receive a subcooled liquid cryogen and thereby convert it to a saturated liquid through contact with the saturated vapor. A heated overflow tube projects into the pressure vessel and is level, at one end, with the liquid-vapor interface so that any increase in the saturated liquid overflows into overflow tube and is vaporized to form the saturated vapor. The heat transfer and the reintroduction of the vaporized liquid can be effected through forced circulation provided by an ejector. Preferably the pressure vessel is provided with two outlets for discharging the saturated cryogen as saturated liquid or vapor.

Abstract: A process for recovering CO.sub.2 from a mixture of light hydrocarbons, e.g. light hydrocarbons produced from a CO.sub.2 injection enhanced oil recovery. The mixture is distilled in a distributive zone with CO.sub.2 produced overhead and in the bottoms. The overhead and bottoms produced from the distributive zone are then fed to first and second concentrating distillation zones, respectively. The first concentrating zone produces a bottoms product rich in CO.sub.2 and an overhead product rich in methane and lean in CO.sub.2. The second concentrating zone is refluxed with lean oil and produces a CO.sub.2 distillate and a CO.sub.2 -lean bottoms product. In various embodiments, at least a section of each of the concentrating zones are placed in a single column, the CO.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pulse tube refrigerator, comprising a regenerator having an inlet port and an outlet port, a pulse tube having one end portion connected in series to the outlet port of the regenerator, a gas compressor connected to the inlet port of the regenerator, a first valve disposed between the discharge port of the gas compressor and the inlet port of the regenerator, a second valve disposed between the suction port of the gas compressor and the inlet port of the regenerator, a first valve controller for selectively opening/closing alternately the first and second valves to permit a high pressure coolant gas discharged from the discharge port of the gas compressor to be guided into the pulse tube through the regenerator and, then, to permit said coolant gas to be sucked into the gas compressor through the suction port thereof via the reverse passageway so as to generate coldness, a third valve disposed between the other end portion of the pulse tube and the discharge port of the gas co

Abstract: A regenerative heat pump includes a main compartment divided into three chambers by two reciprocable displacers. Gas in the main compartment is heated. A drive mechanism is driven by a start-up motor and is connected to the displacers to reciprocate those displacers. A flow path interconnects the chambers and exchanges heat with a heat exchanger. A secondary compartment contains a piston and communicates with the main compartment so that gas from the main compartment drives the piston. The piston is connected to the drive mechanism so that when the heat pump reaches a steady state, the start up motor can be shut-off, whereupon the piston reciprocates the displacers.

Abstract: A microprocessor-based air conditioning/refrigeration control system adapted for use with a variable speed compressor measures acceleration of the compressor and the temperature or pressure of the refrigerant exiting therefrom, determines the rate of change of the temperature or pressure of the refrigerant, and decreases acceleration of the compressor if the rate of change of the temperature or pressure of the working fluid indicates surging of the compressor. Superheat of the refrigerant is maintained at a first predefined level while the compressor is operating at constant speed and is increased to a second, higher predefined level while the compressor is accelerating.

Abstract: A refrigeration system is disclosed having first stage and second stage compressors, first stage and second stage evaporator coils, and first stage and second stage condenser coils, each connected together to form first stage and second stage closed loop refrigeration circuits. The two circuits are coupled one to the other by a liquid (water, ethylene glycol of other good heat transfer medium) heat transfer loop which interconnects the second stage evaporator and the first stage condenser to transfer heat from the first stage condenser to the second stage evaporator. A plurality of additional refrigeration circuits may be provided, each including a compressor, an evaporator coil and a condenser coil connected together in a closed loop.

Abstract: A method and device for ensuring the consumption of perishable food items before the safe storage lifetime of the items has elapsed. A base unit which is mounted near or removably attached to a food storage location such as a refrigerator and allows identification and timing of the stored food items. When an item is placed into the storage location, its name and storage lifetime are recorded on the base unit. This recording may be accomplished manually by writing directly onto the base unit or by use of handwritten or preprinted labels, or recording may be accomplished electronically through a microprocessor-controlled base unit. For ease of later location the item may be optionally stored inside of food storage containers that are color coded to the base unit. The base unit also provides an electronic timing display for each stored item.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for staging solid-vapor complex compounds comprises heat exchange means for transferring heat from super-heated refrigerant vapor from a desorbing reactor to cooled refrigerant vapor directed to an adsorbing reactor. In another embodiment a liquid subcooler is used to cool liquid refrigerant passing from a condenser to an evaporator with cold refrigerant gas directed to an adsorbing reactor from the evaporator.

Abstract: A system for diverting refrigerant into an auxiliary receiving vessel to reduce refrigerator system pressure during an incipient over-pressure condition to prevent activation of safety pressure relief valves and release of refrigerant into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A single pass refrigerant recovery device recovers refrigerant from a refrigeration system. The device includes at least one hose for withdrawing refrigerant from the refrigeration system and a first oil separator disposed downstream of the refrigerant hose. A filter is disposed downstream from the oil separator and a compressor is disposed downstream from the filter. A second oil separator is disposed downstream from the compressor, and the condenser is disposed downstream from the second oil separator. A moisture indicator is disposed downstream from the condenser, and a storage tank is disposed downstream from the moisture indicator. The refrigerant recovery device also contains an oil return line having a first end disposed downstream from the second oil separator, and a second end disposed upstream from the compressor. A solenoid valve in the oil return line controls the flow of material in the oil return line.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a high side pressure sensor in the form of a temperature dependent resistance in heat exchange with the system working fluid to locally heat the fluid in response to a control signal. Control means are provided for applying the control signal to the resistance and detecting a minimum thermal resistance between the thermistor and the working fluid.

Abstract: A method and software/firmware fixed capacity compressor control system for varying the set point temperature of a evaporator in response to changes in ambient temperature in order to produce optimum cooling in the passenger compartment of a vehicle while preventing frost from accumulating on the fins of the evaporator. The system includes an evaporator probe and an outside ambient sensor and firmware for computing set-point steady state temperatures values over a wide range of ambient temperature. Also circuits are provided for cycling ON and OFF a fixed capacity compressor in a manner to achieve optimum cooling in the passenger compartment of the vehicle in response to the computed evaporator set point temperatures.

Abstract: The basic apparatus of the invention is a triple effect absorption cycle apparatus, comprising first, second and third generators each containing an aqueous absorption fluid and operating at successively higher temperatures; first, second and third condensers operating at successively higher temperatures, and operatively communicating with the generators; first heat exchange means cooperating between the third condenser and second generator, and between the second condenser and first generator, for directing energy therebetween; one, two or three absorbers and one, two or three fluid loops for directing aqueous absorption fluid between absorbers and second heat exchange means for exchanging energy between aqueous absorption fluid flows in said loops; and one, two or three evaporators operatively communicating with the absorbers.

Abstract: A cylindrical dyeing bath is provided having a head portion disposed above and connected to one end of the cylindrical dyeing bath, the head portion incorporating a driven roller. A three-way valve is connected to the opposing end of the cylindrical dyeing bath. A first circulating tube is disposed above the cylindrical dyeing bath, and connected between the head portion and the three-way valve. A second circulating tube is disposed under the cylindrical dyeing bath, and connected between the head portion and the three-way valve. Cloth is selectively passed through the first or second circulating tube by respective positioning of the three-way valve.

Abstract: The anatomical isotonic sock and method for knitting the sock provide enhanced protection and cushioning comfort to the foot of the wearer and is form-fitting and remains so after prolonged periods of use and numerous launderings. The sock has a knit foot and includes a relatively thick density of terry loops formed of at least three terry yarns in the ball and heel portions of the foot for supplementing and protecting the fatty pads so as to provide a therapeutic and preventative benefit to the foot of the wearer. A relatively thin density of terry loops formed of at least one terry yarn is knit in an arch portion and an instep portion of the foot and an intermediate density of terry loops formed of two terry yarns is knit in a toe portion.

Abstract: The machine is provided with casting-off sinkers having two casting-off surfaces which are mutually spaced in a direction which is parallel to the axis of the needle cylinder to form toweling stitches. The machine has auxiliary jacks which are accommodated in axial grooves of a needle cylinder and can move, when actuated, along these grooves parallel to the axis of the needle cylinder so as to act, with their upper end, on the casting-off sinkers to move them in a direction which is radial to the needle cylinder from a rearward position, in which they receive two threads engaged by the contiguous needles on a same one of the two casting-off surfaces, forming two loops of knitting of equal length, to an advanced position in the direction of the axis of the needle cylinder, in which they receive the two threads engaged by the contiguous needles respectively on one of the casting-off surfaces and on the other casting-off surface so as to form two loops having mutually different lengths, i.e. toweling stitches.

Abstract: A cooling plant bringing into play a reaction between a solid and a gas, comprises at least two solid-containing reactors connected to an evaporator and a condensor by means of tubes in which the gas flows. Means are provided for cooling the reactor. Said means comprise a heat exchanger filled with a refrigerating agent and connected by tubes to a condensor in heat exchange arrangement with a fan.

Abstract: A flat lock set has a flat lock having a cylinder, a tumbler, several rings and springs and a key having several stepped blades each having several shoulders. The cylinder is mounted in a door and has four groups of ribs formed therein. Each group includes several separate ribs defining several passages extending perpendicular to a length of the cylinder. The cylinder has a first end defining a first opening and a second end integrating with a ring defining a second opening. The tumbler has a disk integrating with a key receiver integrating with a latch carrier. The key carrier is separated into several prongs. The rings each have two ears formed along an outer rim thereof and several arms formed along an inner rim thereof. When the rings and springs are alternatively mounted on the first sections of the prongs, the arms formed on the rings are sited between the prongs.

Abstract: A grip lock assembly for firearms includes a lock having a locked position preventing operation of the firearm, and an unlocked position permitting operation of the firearm. A portion of the lock, when in the locked position, is adapted to operatively engage a portion of the firing mechanism of the firearm to prevent operation of the firearm. The invention is quickly installed by replacing an existing grip of the firearm with grips according to the invention. The invention can be utilized with a number of different types of locks. A ratchet-type combination lock suitable for use with the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: For an articulation of a vibration damper for a washing machine the vibration damper has an articulated bush supported in a bearing. The latter has cheeks accommodating between them the articulated bush and having inlets for a bearing body leading to a bearing opening. The bearing body is retained in the bearing openings by means of an elastic locking mechanism in the direction of the inlets.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a removable heat exchanger for a fabric treating machine. The machine generally includes a perforated spin tub and an imperforate outer shell. In one embodiment the heat exchangers, which are removably mounted to an inner surface of the outer shell, are guided during installation and removal by guide clips. Spacers maintain the heat exchangers a predetermined distance from the inner surface of the outer shell. Retainer clips are provided to releasably retain the heat exchanger in position relative to the spin tub during operation of the machine. In a second embodiment the heat exchangers, which are mounted within side pockets provided by the outer shell. In both the first and second embodiments, the heat exchangers are held in place by jacking bolts. The removable heat exchanger of the present invention improves upon welded-in-place internal heat exchangers and external heat exchangers.

Abstract: A drum type washing machine includes a drum mounted in a water-receiving tub so as to be rotated about its transverse axis in a wash step, a brushless motor for rotating the drum, and a control device for controlling the motor. The rotational speed of the drum is controlled in the wash step so as to be varied in each period of its rotation in a range at least including a speed at which clothes accommodated in the drum are caused to fall down from the inner peripheral wall surface of the drum against centrifugal force.

Abstract: An adaptor 16 is formed with a pair of cylinders 22 and 24 which are in axial alignment, of different diameters and extend from opposite sides thereof. One of the cylinders 22 and 24 fits in complementary fashion into one of a pair holes 14 and 12, respectively, to preclude any movement in a radially lateral direction of adaptor 16 relative to the axis of the hole. The other one of cylinders 22 and 24 fits, respectively, into a groove 44 formed in a face 42 of a guard collar 18 or into a cylindrical opening 36 of the collar. The cylinders 22 and 24 are joined by integral links 26, 28 and 30 so that the precluding of radially lateral movement of the cylinder 22 or 24 within its hole 14 or 12, respectively, prevents radial movement of collar 18 relative to the axis of the hole.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing rigid disk substrates wherein the conventional process is modified to include a hot press function performed at the end of the fabrication process. The hot press function is performed so as to produce a flat substrate by causing the blank to yield, avoiding flow of either the blank or its overlay coating. The hot press temperature is coordinated with subsequent user process thermal cycle to avoid annealing by that cycle. The platens of the hot press are renewable with exact replacement replicas of master surfaces exhibiting a precise texture pattern ranging from an exact character down to a visibly featureless surface. That precise texture is embossed into the surface of the overlay without modifying that surface's epitaxy character. The process is extended beyond what is normal, by providing compliant platens having replica faces for removing asparity defects from post memory film deposition surfaces, restoring the substrate surface character to the finished disk.

Abstract: A two wheel type continuous extrusion apparatus has two rotary wheels having grooves receiving covering material rods, a fixed shoe block arranged therebetween and an abutement receiving a core metal wire. Covering material inlet apertures are provided for communicating passage-ways receiving the covering material rods to a covering chamber for extruding the covering material on the core metal wire to manufacture a composite metal wire. The covering material inlet apertures are inclined relative to a line connecting rotary axes of the rotary wheels such that the covering chamber is positioned on the side of supplying of the covering material rods relative to the connecting line. Consequently, a constraining force for constraining a shoe block becomes small.

Abstract: A billet fed extrusion press comprises a rotating arm (46) on a movable cross member (28). The arm carries a plunger (48) and a billet loader (50) spaced from each other, and can be rotated between a condition in which it brings the plunger into a working position in alignment on extrusion axis (a) of the press and the loader (50) into a billet receiving position on one side of the press, and a condition in which it brings the loader into a billet loading position along the axis (a) of the press and the pusher into a rest position on the said one side of the press.

Abstract: A tube bending fixture having a plurality of tube bending tools, a pedestal for each tube bending tool, a grid plate for supporting each pedestal, and a grid plate support for supporting the grid plates in a predetermined arrangement. The fixture is built from a simulation program of tool selection, tool location and bending sequence. The simulation program is entered into a computer for viewing to insure that the tools are properly selected and properly located to permit operation in the desired sequence without interference. The computer will output a list of the tools needed and a list of coordinates to establish tool location. The bending tools have clamp rolls which are relatively movable between open and closed positions, and when closed define an arcuate groove. A bending roll is provided for bending a tube around the groove.

Abstract: The pressing tool (10) comprises two holding members (26,28) adapted to be moved towards each other and having press dies (44,46) displaceably arranged thereon. Adjacent press dies (44,46) are oriented at a right angle to each other, with two press dies (44) being supported on one holding member (26) and two further press dies (46) being supported on the other holding member (28). The press dies (44,46) of both holding members (26,28) can be displaced along an axis extending at an angle of about 45.degree. to the moving direction of at least one of the two holding members (26,28). Prior to the pressing process, the press dies (44,46) are spaced from each other, and during the pressing process, while the holding members (26,28) approach each other, the press dies (44,46) move towards each other until reaching their final closing position.

Abstract: A head assembly for a compression tool including a pair of opposite, rotatably mounted jaw members. Each jaw member having a compression end which is moveable between a first position in engagement with the compression end of the opposite jaw member and a second position wherein the compression ends are spaced apart from each other. The compression end of each jaw member having an interior nib surface, a semi-circular groove surface, an engagement surface and distal compression surface. The head assembly includes a center nib which is operably associated with the interior nib surface of each jaw member to provide three generally equidistant points of contact around the circumference of a connector that is placed therebetween for compression.

Abstract: Both a method and an apparatus for the reduction of the load magnitudes present during the operation of a can body maker apparatus are provided through the use of a counterbalance mass structure system. A counterbalance structure is operatively associated with the crankshaft which motivates the can body maker ram assembly so that as the ram assembly is reciprocated along a straight line path during the formation of can bodies, the counterbalance structure is reciprocated to compensate for both the straight line (X axis) motion of the ram assembly as well as motion perpendicular thereto.

Abstract: A universal pull clamp includes multiple attachment points and slots. The clamp may be attached to any of a variety of types of damaged automobile frames and locations during their repair. Once the clamp is attached, straightening is accomplished by pulling on the clamp with an external force to return the frame back to its original shape. In one form, the clamp uses a sliding bar and channel arrangement. In another form, the clamp uses a pivoting arrangement.

Abstract: The proper operation of an NDIR toxic gas sensor can be checked by using a non-toxic gas that has an absorption band that overlaps the absorption band used for measuring the toxic gas. The NDIR sensor cannot distinguish which of the two gases is responsible for causing the observed absorption of radiation in the sensor. Since detectors of toxic gases typically operate at low concentration levels, the extent of overlap between the absorption band of the toxic gas and of the non-toxic gas may be relatively small, since a larger concentration of the non-toxic gas can be used with no ill effects. The method may be applied to sensors for detecting carbon monoxide or methane for example.

Abstract: A monitorable device for sealing off a body, in particular a garbage dump or a landfill, includes two seals sealing off a body and being mutually spaced-apart defining a control chamber between the seals. The control chamber has connections for an inlet opening and an outlet opening and is otherwise closed. A permeable channel or hose is connected between the inlet opening and the outlet opening in the control chamber for carrying a transport medium. A lance which is used for supplying a tracer gas may be disposed outside the control chamber and may face toward one of the seals. A sensor is connected to the outlet opening for detecting the tracer gas. A method for monitoring a device for sealing off a body includes sealing off a body with two seals being mutually spaced-apart defining a control chamber between the seals being closed except for connections for an inlet opening and an outlet opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for leak detection in roofs and interior and exterior floors covered or clad with sealing layer products and an apparatus for carrying out the method. Smoke gas is fed into and made to spread in a space between the sealing layer and the support on which the sealing layer rests. Any of the smoke gas penetrating in an outward direction through holes in the sealing layer is detected when it escapes from the holes on the outer side of the roof cover, whereby their locations can be determined. The apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a device for generation of smoke gas, transport elements to move the smoke gas to the space where the smoke gas is made to spread, and a generator that creates an air flow for transport of the smoke gas.

Abstract: A limited slip differential which is incorporated into a differential gear for driving one wheel and the other wheel of a vehicle is inspected as follows. One wheel and the other wheel are mounted on one roll and on another roll, respectively. Acceleration of the vehicle is performed while the aforementioned one roll on which the aforementioned one wheel is mounted is being subjected to a force of restraining the rotation of the aforementioned one roll. A difference in rotational speed between the aforementioned one roll and the aforementioned another roll on which the other wheel is mounted is measured during the accelerating operation. A torque which operates on the aforementioned one roll is measured. A limited slip differential torque which is generated by the limited slip differential is measured from the measured torque.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for determining the storage capacity of a catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a first signal from an oxygen-indicating first probe mounted forward of the catalytic converter and a second signal from an oxygen-indicating second probe mounted rearward of the catalytic converter. The first and second signals show the change from rich to lean and vice versa and the method includes the steps of: determining the storage capacity as a quantity proportional to the time-dependent integral of an integration variable; starting the integration at a time point at which said first signal changes from rich to lean or vice versa; and, ending the integration after a time interval. The method does not need a special test operation of the engine to determine the storage capacity of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: Fault detection in a feedback air/fuel ratio control system using an exhaust gas oxygen sensor compares the expected transport delay time to the time between exhaust gas oxygen sensor output level switching. A fuel system failure is determined when there is an inappropriate switching rate of the oxygen sensor output level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a physical quantity, property or condition and for transmitting a code representing the measured physical quantity, property or condition. The method includes the steps of developing a first signal in response to a physical quantity, property or condition, sampling the first signal to produce an instantaneous first signal value, assigning a first code to the instantaneous first signal value, and transmitting the first code for reception by a receiver. The method and apparatus are explained in connection with a vehicle tire monitoring apparatus wherein plurality of tire units measure tire pressures and temperatures and transmit values representing pressure and temperature to a central receiver located in a cab portion of the vehicle.

Abstract: Inflation pressure of an inflated article, e.g. a wheel tire 12, is measured by pressure sensing apparatus 10 located on the inflated article. Portable apparatus 20 is brought into proximity with the sensing apparatus 10 and a power signal is transmitted for the portable apparatus to energise the sensing apparatus. The portable apparatus acquires pressure data signals output by the sensing apparatus, processes these data signals and displays an inflation pressure value. The power signal and pressure data signals are transmitted by engaging a probe 24 provided as part of the portable apparatus with a cylindrical body member 13 of the sensing apparatus. A particular advantage of the portable apparatus is in acquiring and displaying inflation pressure values of aircraft undercarriage wheel tires because the aircraft power does not have to be switched on and the cockpit entered to obtain inflation pressure readings.

Abstract: A borehole tool having adjacently located fluid injection/withdrawal apparatus and an electromagnetic measurement apparatus is provided. The electromagnetic measurement apparatus can be an imaging apparatus for helping set the tool in desired locations for permeability testing via fluid injection or withdrawal. In a second mode, during fluid injection or withdrawal, and if desired, before and/or after injection or withdrawal, a plurality of electromagnetic measurements (images) are made. Based on the electromagnetic and hydraulic measurements, and a model which interrelates the measurements, determinations are made as to various characteristics of the formation, including effective permeabilities. Related methods for utilizing the tool and for treating the data in an integrated fashion are also set forth.

Abstract: The disclosure sets forth a diver's gauge boot having a first portion for receipt of a depth gauge and second portion for receiving a tank pressure gauge therein, with a sleeve for connecting the tank pressure gauge into a high pressure hose adapted for connection to a tank for indicating pressure in the tank, and a rotational connector between the first portion and the second portion with a pocket in the second portion for receiving a second instrument on a side of said second portion disposed away from said tank pressure gauge.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring mechanical forces and force actions by means of body, a restoring element and a movable mass, with elements for limiting the deflections of the movable mass. The movable mass is deflected against the resistance of the restoring element under the influence of a mechanical force which, with the aid of sensors, is converted into electrical signals. The elements for limiting deflection include at least two parallel tongues fixed respectively to the restoring element and to the movable mass, and a bridge element fixed at right angles to one of the tongues, at least partly overlapping the other of the tongues.

Abstract: An ultrasonic detector of the type for determining the level of a liquid within a tank or the magnitude of the flow of liquid within a conduit. The detector includes a transducer that generates bursts of ultrasonic energy and receives echoes of the energy bursts. The frequency at which the transducer transmits energy bursts is automatically adjusted to substantially match the ringdown frequency of the transducer. The detector distinguishes between true echo signals and spurious echo signals by determining whether the frequency of the echo signals generated by the transducer substantially matches the frequency at which the corresponding energy bursts were transmitted.

Abstract: In a process for ultrasonic testing of elongated, prism-shaped sections (22) with at least one planar outer surface (54) extending along the longitudinal axis (26) of the section, with the objective of detecting material defects or verifying geometric data, the section (22) to be tested is exposed to ultrasonic beams from several ultrasonic probes (28 to 34) installed in a probe carrier (44). The section (22) is moved along its longitudinal axis (26) in relation to the probe carrier (44). The latter is installed in the rotor (20) of a rotary testing machine which rotates around the longitudinal axis (26) of the section (22).

Abstract: The distance sensor means and the ultrasonic probe are integrally coupled to each other in such a manner that a preceding scanning line to a current scanning line which is scanned by the ultrasonic probe is scanned by the distance sensor means, and the shape-measurement scanning operation of the distance sensor means and the flaw-detection scanning operation of the ultrasonic probe are performed in parallel with each other. A flaw detection area is divided into plural sub-areas, and plural storing areas are arranged in a mesh form in one-to-one correspondence to the sub-areas, only one shape information of position storing area including the flaw detection area being stored in each of the storing areas. The position and orientation of the ultrasonic probe at each flaw detection point is controlled using the stored shape information.

Abstract: A non-linear optical crystal vibration sensing device (10) including a photorefractive crystal (26) and a laser (12). The laser (12 ) produces a coherent light beam (14) which is split by a beam splitter (18) into a first laser beam (20) and a second laser beam (22). After passing through the crystal (26) the first laser beam (20) is counter-propagated back upon itself by a retro-mirror (32), creating a third laser beam (30). The laser beams (20, 22, 30) are modulated, due to the mixing effect within the crystal (26) by vibration of the crystal (30). In the third laser beam (30), modulation is stable and such modulation is converted by a photodetector (34) into a usable electrical output, intensity modulated in accordance with vibration applied to the crystal (26).

Abstract: In a semiconductor sensor having double diaphragm structure, in which pressure to be measured is applied to diaphragm portions having distortion gages via a liquid filled in spaces partitioned by sealed diaphragms, as circuit elements of a signal processing circuit for processing an output of a distortion gage bridge are integrated in and on a semiconductor chip having diaphragm portions, the number of component parts used is reduced, and a compact size, a low cost, and high reliability are attained. This arrangement can be applied to any of the pressure sensors for detecting absolute pressure, relative pressure, and differential pressure.