Abstract: Epitaxial wafers showing marked IG effects can be manufactured from silicon single crystals doped or not doped with nitrogen without requiring any additional heat treatment process step while reducing the density of epitaxial layer defects. According to the first manufacturing method, an epitaxial layer is allowed to grow on the surface of a wafer sliced from a single crystal produced by employing a cooling rate of not less than 7.3° C./min in the temperature range of 1200-1050° C. in the step of pulling up thereof. According to the second manufacturing method, an epitaxial layer is allowed to grow on the surface of a silicon wafer sliced from a silicon single crystal doped with 1×1012 atoms/cm3 to 1×1014 atoms/cm3 as produced by employing a cooling rate of not less than 2.7° C./min in the temperature range of 1150-1020° C. and then a cooling rate of not more than 1.2° C./min in the temperature range of 1000-850° C. in the step of pulling up thereof.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide a hard film which is improved in high-temperature corrosion resistance without impairing high sliding characteristics (wear resistance, low frictional coefficient) inherent in a titanium nitride thin film and which is suitable for a slide member such as a bearing or a seal used in rotary machines operated at a high temperature, such as a steam turbine and a gas turbine. For attaining this aim, the invention provides a Cr-containing titanium nitride film which is composed of a nitride containing Ti and Cr as main components, the crystal particles thereof having a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and the crystal thereof being highly oriented toward (200) face.

Abstract: The present invention provides a finely-divided powder spray apparatus having a spray nozzle pipe for discharging spacers for liquid crystal displays from the tip together with a gas flow, which is disposed at a prescribed distance from a member to be sprayed, and comprising:

Abstract: A system for processing a workpiece includes a base having a bowl or recess for holding a liquid. A process reactor or head holds a workpiece between an upper rotor and a lower rotor. A head lifter lowers the head holding the workpiece into contact with the liquid. The head spins the workpiece during or after contact with the liquid. The upper and lower rotors have side openings for loading and unloading a workpiece into the head. The rotors are axially moveable to align the side openings.

Abstract: The coating material is supplied to a coating die provided with a manifold chamber, a draw-in chamber provided with a diaphragm, a supply passage and a discharge opening. The coating material is stored temporarily in the manifold chamber, is supplied through the supply passage to the discharge opening, and is discharged through the discharge opening onto the surface of the base sheet. The discharge of the coating material through the discharge opening is interrupted by deforming the diaphragm so as to form a draw-in chamber. The ball nut is driven by the servomotor so as to move the ball screw axially away from the supply passage to deform the flexible diaphragm so that the coating material is drawn into the draw-in chamber to interrupt discharging the coating material through the discharge opening. Thus, the coating material is applied intermittently to the substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for spraying coating material, which comprises a barrel inside which is defined a conduit for circulation of coating material, and a nozzle for shaping the jet of material intended to be mounted on this barrel. Magnetic coupling means are provided between the nozzle and the barrel. These means which are insulated from the conduit, may be formed by one or more magnets associated with a metallic ring. This allows easy and rapid assembly and dismantling of the nozzle on the end of the barrel.

Abstract: An external electrode forming apparatus is used to form external electrodes on the component chips. The external electrode forming apparatus comprises a component conveyer belt, a belt feeding mechanism, a component-inserting machine, a component-reversing machine, a paste-coating machine, and a component-discharging machine. For the component-inserting machine, the component-reversing machine, and the component-discharging machine, pressure pins are used to insert or move the component chips. These pressure pins have at the tip part a taper portion with a tip shape smaller than that of the component holding hole. Since the pressure pins of this type are used, the tip portions of these pressure pins may be prevented from impinging upon the opening edges of the component holding holes, and the pressure pins after the impingement may be hindered from forcibly being inserted into the component holding holes, whereby damage to the interiors of the component holding holes can be extremely diminished.

Abstract: A batch-processing type semiconductor-manufacturing device includes a cylindrical reaction chamber with its upper end closed and its bottom end open, a substrate-supporting boat loading multiple substrates, which are inserted within the reaction chamber, and an injector for spraying a reaction gas to the substrates, which injector is provided parallel to the substrate-supporting boat within the reaction chamber. The injector is supported by an injector holder, and both the injector and the injector holder are fitted by a male-female fitting structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an inner tube for CVD apparatus which is made of glass-like carbon. This inner tube has good heat resistance and good corrosion resistance. It also has an inside surface for good adhesion with CVD film constituents. Therefore, it hardly contaminates silicon wafers during the production of semiconductors. The inner tube is characterized by a specific coefficient of thermal expansion, a specific surface roughness of its inside surface, a specific oxygen/carbon atomic ratio (O/C) of its inside surface, and a specific I(D)/I(G) ratio of its inside surface, where I(D) is a peak intensity representing the C—C bond of diamond-like structure and I(G) is a peak intensity representing the C—C bond of graphite-like structure.

Abstract: There is disclosed a showerhead in chemical-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CECVD) equipment, which includes a shower zone for containing a deposition source and a shower zone for containing a chemical enhancer. The shower zone for containing the deposition source is located over the shower zone for containing the chemical enhancer, and the shower zone for containing the deposition source is consisted of double zones with being separated by a blocker buffer plate. Step coverage, the deposition speed, texture, adhesive characteristic, of a thin copper metal, realization of reappearance of the metal deposition process and prevention of depositing a deposition source within the showerhead to thus prohibit generation of particles are realized thereby.

Abstract: A gas collector for collecting gasses from within a reaction chamber of a reactor comprises a rigid body having a conduit, inlets, an outlet, and a seal disposed on the body. The seal cooperates with a lid of the reactor to prevent escape of reaction gasses from the reaction chamber. The inlets direct the gasses from the reaction chamber into the conduit, and the outlet exhausts the gasses from the conduit. The body includes a first member and a second member with the seal disposed on the second member. The body can include inter-member seals for reducing the flow of the gasses across an interface between the first member and the second member. The inter-member seals disposed between the first member and the second member and allow movement of the first member relative to the second member. The body can also be formed from graphite and can also shape the flow of gasses into the reaction chamber to prevent the formation of standing eddy currents adjacent the gas collector.

Abstract: A vacuum vapor deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber having a plurality of vapor sources and a heater for heating the vapor sources to achieve vacuum vapor deposition on a surface of at least one substrate within the vacuum chamber. At least one of the vapor sources utilizes an organic material. A hot wall, which encloses the vapor sources and a space in which the vapor sources and the substrate confront each other, is heated to a temperature at which the organic material is neither deposited nor decomposed. The organic material is vapor deposited on the surface of the substrate by heating the vapor sources while the vapor sources and the substrate are moved relative to each other.

Abstract: When the vaporizer 2 does not vaporize an organometallic complex Cu (hfac) TMVS, a stabilizer TMVS for the organometallic complex is fed into the gas area Av of the vaporizer 2 or the pipe 14 connected to the vaporizer 1 on the downstream side thereof in a gaseous state.

Abstract: A substrate processing device is provided in which an interior rotating body for a substrate holder, provided in the interior of a vacuum chamber, and an external rotating body, provided in the exterior of said vacuum chamber, are magnetically coupled, and which includes a can-seal type magnetic coupling-type rotation introduction mechanism which, by the rotational movement of the abovementioned exterior rotating body, controls the rotational movement of the abovementioned interior rotating body. A heat-accumulating member, maintained at a predetermined temperature, and a device for performing heat exchange between the heat-accumulating member and the substrate holder, are provided in said vacuum chamber interior.

Abstract: In this incubator, when the angle of a door to a nursing window of a hood is smaller than a rotation restricting angle, door rotation restricting means restrains the rotation of the door in an opening direction. Because of this reason, when the angle of the door is smaller than the rotation restricting angle, the door is not rotated in the opening direction beyond the rotation restricting angle and the angle of the door does not exceed the rotation restricting angle, even if the door is pushed by an accommodated baby from the inside of the hood under the state wherein the door is not fixed in the closing state by a door fixing device. Therefore, even if opening and closing operation of the nursing window is not securely performed, the environment inside the hood hardly deviates from the physiological environment appropriate for the accommodated baby to say the least.

Abstract: A pet-play apparatus (20) for interactive use with a domestic cat or other pet (24) incorporates a lash (26) made of a strip of fake fur (56) formed into a tube (42) with a nap (58) of the fake fur (56) upon an external surface (60) of the tube (42), a crop (22) coupled to a first end (32) of the lash (26), a toy (28) detachably coupled to a second end (36) of the lash (26), and a sonic device (86) coupled to the crop (22) and configured to produce a prey-sound for the domestic cat or other pet (24) in the form of a chirp or squeak in response to a movement of the crop (22). A first attachment device (62) is affixed to the second end (36) of the lash (26) and incorporates a hook part (70) of a hook-and-loop fastener (88). A second attachment device (64) is affixed to the toy (28) and incorporates a loop part (72) of the hook-and-loop fastener (88), the hook and loop parts (70,72) being detachably coupled to each other.

Abstract: An artificial insemination device for artificially inseminating sows in particular includes a saddle which is placed on the back of a female. A support on the saddle supports a sachet containing animal semen and holds the sachet in a globally vertical position.

Abstract: A continuous-flow steam generator includes a combustion chamber with evaporator tubes for fossil fuel. The combustion chamber is followed on the fuel-gas side by a vertical gas flue through a horizontal gas flue. When the continuous-flow steam generator is in operation, temperature differences in a connecting portion, which includes an outlet region of the combustion chamber and an inlet region of the horizontal gas flue, are to be kept particularly low. For such a purpose, of a plurality of evaporator tubes capable of being acted upon in parallel by flow medium, a number of evaporator tubes are guided in the form of a loop in the connecting portion.

Abstract: A valve actuating system for actuating at least one valve of an engine includes an improved mechanism for varying the timing and/or lift of the valve. The mechanism uses two adjacent rockers that cooperate with two adjacent cams of a camshaft. In one operating condition, movement of a first rocker is transmitted to the valve through the second rocker and in another operating condition only the movement of the second rocker is transmitted to the valve. The rockers preferably cooperate with cams having different lifts. The lift of the cam driving the first rocker preferably is greater than the lift of the cam driving the second rocker.

Abstract: There is provided a rocker arm assembly for mounting on a carrier in an internal combustion engine that can be pre-assembled and installed on the rocker carrier decreasing manufacturing time and cost. The rocker arm assembly comprises a rocker arm, a fulcrum plate, a retaining clip, and a pivot ball that in cooperation with the retaining clip cooperatively connects the fulcrum plate and the rocker arm such that the pivot ball provides a pivot point for the rocker arm to pivot and thereby actuate at least one valve or valve bridge. The rocker arm further comprises a push rod cup, an aperture, pivot ball cup, and a pivot foot. The fulcrum plate can be a dual fulcrum plate, which holds two rocker arms, or an end fulcrum plate, which holds one rocker arm. The rocker arms can be either intake or exhaust rocker arms.

Abstract: In a device for actuating a gas exchange valve for internal combustion engines, having at least one compensating element which is arranged in the force path of an actuating element of the gas exchange valve and which has a pressure space which is formed by a piston and a working cylinder and is connected to a pressurized fluid supply space via a non-return valve and a throttling portion, via which pressure fluid can be discharged from the pressure space during the working cycles. The pressure space is sealed to the outside, and the compensating element includes a high-pressure valve, via which pressure medium can be discharged in a throttled manner during the working cycles of the gas exchange valve as the high-pressure valve opens at a predetermined force on the compensating element and closes at a predetermined force which is greater than an average force and smaller or equal to a maximum force on the compensating element.

Abstract: A variable valve timing system is provided with a relative rotation controlling mechanism allowing relative rotation of the housing member and the rotor member by an unlock operation through the supply of operation fluid, and restricting the relative rotation of the housing member and the rotor member at an intermediate angle phase between a most retarded angle phase and a most advanced angle phase by a lock operation through the discharge of the operation fluid. A hydraulic pressure circuit controls the supply and discharge of the operation fluid to the relative rotation controlling mechanism and also controls the supply and discharge of the operation fluid to the advanced angle chamber and the retarded angle chamber. The hydraulic pressure circuit is adapted to discharge the operation fluid from the advanced angle chamber, the retarded angle chamber and the relative rotation controlling mechanism when the combustion engine is started.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine control system for controlling an internal combustion engine, comprising a fuel injection control means for controlling fuel injection quantity to be injected by a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the internal combustion engine, and fuel injection timing, and a variable valve control means for continuously or gradually varying at least opening timing, closing timing or lift of a intake valve or an exhaust valve for sealing up a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the fuel injection control means controls at least fuel injection quantity or fuel injection timing on the basis of a value of a controlled variable provided by the variable valve control means. Since air quantity can be regulated by a variable valve timing mechanism, pumping loss and fuel consumption can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control unit for adjusting the angle of rotation of a camshaft in relation to the angle of rotation of a crankshaft in internal combustion engines in order to influence the control times, whereby a wobble plate mechanism which realizes the adjustment is arranged between camshaft and crankshaft, preferably between camshaft and camshaft wheel.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine has a variable valve performance mechanism for changing the valve open angle of at least one set of intake valves and exhaust valves. The valve train further includes an electronic control unit (ECU) for controlling the variable valve performance mechanism and a sensor for detecting the running state of the engine. The ECU judges whether there is a malfunction in the engine based on detection signals from the sensor. if there is a malfunction in the engine, the ECU actuates the variable valve performance mechanism to decrease the valve overlap thereby performing a failsafe. The ECU also advances the closing timing of the intake valves. Alternatively, the ECU retards the opening timing of the exhaust valves.

Abstract: To provide a multi-cylinder engine for a vehicle, in which a pair of cylinder bore rows, each including a plurality of cylinder bores disposed in parallel to each other, are disposed in such a manner as to be perpendicular to a crank shaft disposed substantially in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, a relatively large space can be ensured under a cylinder head. Cam shafts corresponding to cylinder bore rows are disposed over a pair of planes containing the axial lines of cylinder bores constituting the cylinder bore rows, respectively.

Abstract: An engine start-stop control system for an automotive vehicle includes a first step for supplying current to a solenoid of a magnet switch of a starter at 100% duty ratio until a first predetermined time passes, a second step for supplying current to the solenoid at a duty ratio that is less than 100% after the first predetermined period passes until a second predetermined period passes, and a third step for supplying current to the solenoid at 100% duty ratio after the second predetermined period passes until a third predetermined period passes. Therefore, a pinion of the starter reaches a ring gear of the engine in a short time and engages the ring gear with a moderate impacting shock, thereby preventing the pinion and the ring gear from being damaged.

Abstract: A system for automatically stopping and starting an engine of a vehicle which enables proper determination of whether the stopping of the engine is possible, in accordance with the state of a battery. A power brought out from the battery by auxiliaries is subtracted from a power generated by a generator, thereby calculating a difference corresponding to a power for actually charging the battery. By sequentially adding the value, an integrated value of power charged in the battery is calculated. Meanwhile, a value of a known power WBRK consumed by a brake lamp plus a current power consumed by the auxiliaries is multiplied by a beforehand determined target value of idling-stoppage duration, thereby evaluating an evaluated integrated value of power consumed by the battery during stoppage of an idling. If the integrated value is not less than the evaluated integrated value, the stopping of the engine E is permitted.

Abstract: A suction system has an arrangement for utilizing resonance effects and is suitable for an internal-combustion engine having opposed cylinder banks. The suction system has a resonance container which has boundary walls. On the one hand, the resonance container is connected with the atmosphere and, on the other hand, it is connected with cylinders of the internal-combustion engine, the arrangement being provided in the resonance container as a control device which can vary the resonance cross-section, and the resonance container is connected with a feeding device having separate feeding pipes. For optimizing the torque behavior of the internal-combustion engine, the control device is fixed from the idling to a medium rotational speed range in a first end position and, together with the feeding pipes of the feeding device, forms two guiding channels which supply the cylinders the two cylinder banks with air.

Abstract: A crankshaft drive for an internal-combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a connecting rod assembly coupled to the crankshaft, and a balancing shaft arranged parallel to the crankshaft and at a distance r from the crankshaft. A balancing weight extends from the balancing shaft for balancing mass forces caused by the rotation of the crankshaft. A recess is formed in the balancing weight, so that during rotation of the balancing shaft, the balancing weight does not interfere with the rotating crankshaft and connecting rod assembly. The inclusion of the recess allows the distance r between the crankshaft and the balancing shaft to be reduced. Preferably, a rib is formed on one side of the balancing shaft to strengthen the balancing shaft.

Abstract: An engine which employs a cam follower mechanism to reduce wear and reduce the size of an assembled engine. The cam follower mechanism utilizes guide rails located to reduce side thrust on the valve stem. The engine employs a high speed quill shaft to synchronize independent cam shafts existing in each of a plurality of interconnected engines. The engine is assembled using a single size fastener to provide a uniform stress gradient within the engine. The engines are interconnected utilizing O-ring seals. The engine provides a piston crown utilizing a connecting rod directly connected to the bottom surface of the piston crown. The piston crown is stabilized along the longitudinal cylinder axis by a rail guide. Connecting rods are provided which require less than one hundred eighty degrees (180°) circumference of a crankshaft pin for support so that a plurality of connecting rods can be associated with a single crankshaft pin.

Abstract: A support structure of a crank shaft of an engine comprises a crank shaft 24 provided such that it penetrates through a crank case, including a crank pin portion situated in the crank case, to which a large end portion of a connecting rod is connected, and having one end portion to which a belt converter is connected; a first bearing for holding a portion of the crank shaft that penetrates through the crank case, which is close to the one end portion of the crank shaft, rotatably with respect to the crank case, the first bearing being constituted by a double row ball bearing; a second bearing for holding a portion of the crank shaft that penetrates through the crank case, which is close to the other end portion of the crank shaft, rotatably with respect to the crank case; and means for forcibly feeding lubricating oil from the other end portion's side of the crank shaft, through an oil passage formed inside of the crank shaft, and to a portion where a large end portion of a connecting rod and the crank pin po

Abstract: An engine unit of a motorcycle generally comprises a cylinder head, a cylinder block formed with a cylinder bore therein, a crankcase and a rear case sequentially assembled in this order from a front side of a motorcycle body. A crankshaft is pivoted to a mating face between the cylinder block and the crankcase, a counter shaft which is rotated with the crankshaft in an interlocking manner is pivoted to a mating face between the crankcase and the rear case. These two mating faces lie in planes parallel to each other so as to be substantially perpendicular to a center axis of the cylinder bore of the cylinder block.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an improved lubricating method and device for the internal combustion engine, which allows the engine to be lubricated by taking advantage of engine vibration without using other power source. The lubricating device includes a crankcase separated into a crank chamber and an oil reservoir by a partition wall. The partition wall has an opening provided with a wire net for covering the opening. A coil spring is suspended within the oil reservoir so as to form a U-shape. During operation, an engine vibration induces a vibration of the coil spring, and the oscillating coil spring agitates and/or splashes up an engine oil contained in the oil reservoir, and whereby an entire oil surface is ruffled. The engine oil introduced into the crank chamber impinges on a crankshaft and finer droplets or oil mist is formed to thereby lubricate the crankshaft and other engine components.

Abstract: The method of controlling fuel supply comprises the steps of detecting a value related to velocity of a vehicle along a first path and detecting a value related to velocity along a second path transverse to the first path. The detected values are then combined and compared to a threshold. The fuel supply is then controlled based on the comparison of the combined values with the threshold. Using this method, a fuel safety system comprises a fuel system of a vehicle, a fuel cutoff switch controlling the transmission of fuel through the fuel system, a sensor detecting a value related to velocity of the vehicle along the first path, and a sensor detecting a value related to velocity of the vehicle along a second path transverse to the first path. A control unit combines the detected values and activates the fuel cutoff switch based on the comparison.

Abstract: A novel and improved engine and method are provided which includes a premixed charge compression ignition engine capable of operating over a wide load range without the need to vary the IMT beyond easily achievable or desirable temperature levels. The engine and method adjust the start of combustion by adjusting the engine speed and torque while delivering a targeted engine horsepower output.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine which has an exhaust gas sensor adapted to detect exhaust gas components and provide an output deliver to an air-fuel ratio of mixture and which performs stratified charge combustion, signals for controlling the air-fuel ratio of mixture and the fuel injection timing are generated on the basis of the output of the exhaust gas sensor. When an optimal air-fuel ratio responsible for combustion stability is changed as a result of execution of EGR and evaporative fuel purging, a change of the air-fuel ratio is determined by using the output of the exhaust gas sensor. When the influence of the EGR or the evaporative fuel purging upon the air-fuel ratio is great, the air-fuel ratio is corrected and the fuel injection timing or the ignition timing is corrected.

Abstract: A combustion enhancement system that enhances combustion by providing enriched with hydrogen-enriched fuel to a combustion region, and igniting the combustible hydrogen-enriched fuel by one or more ignitor is disclosed. The ignitor has a first electrically conductive surface spaced from a second electrically conductive surface to form a gap in direct communication with the combustion region. The ignitor includes a housing having a first portion and a second portion, a first electrically conductive surface proximate the second portion of the housing, a second electrically conductive surface proximate the second portion of the housing and spaced from the first electrically conductive surface to form a discharge gap. The discharge gap has a discharge initiation region. A fluid passage extends between the first portion and the second portion, the fluid passage being in communication with the discharge gap. An insulator has a surface exposed to the discharge gap.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection including a cylinder block containing at least one cylinder with a piston, which performs an oscillating motion in the cylinder and a cylinder head including a combustion chamber for the at least one cylinder, a total of five intake and exhaust valves with respective intake and exhaust ducts are arranged in the cylinder head in a circular array and a spark plug and an injector are arranged in a center area of the combustion chamber between the intake and exhaust valves and point towards the center of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An assembly for providing an engine brake system for an internal combustion engine, in particular of an industrial vehicle, which engine comprises a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder head provided, for each such cylinder, with at least one exhaust valve and, for each such exhaust valve, with a relative control cam having a profile comprising at least one section that can be selectively actuated by varying the valve play, the assembly comprising, for each cylinder, a support body adapted to be connected to the cylinder head and bearing at least one rocker arm support spindle, the rocker arm support spindle being coupled, by means of an eccentric bushing, to a rocker arm adapted to be interposed between an exhaust valve and a cam in order to oscillate about an axis, the assembly lastly comprising an actuator adapted to rotate the eccentric bushing with respect to the support body in order to displace the axis of oscillation of the rocker arms and to vary the valve play between these rocker arms and the exhaust

Abstract: The pressure in an underpressure store of a pneumatically operated servo system is controlled by a method wherein the underpressure store is charged with an underpressure via suction line. A higher desired pressure for the underpressure store is pregiven in a rest state of the servo system wherein the system is not actuated and no actuation is expected. A lower desired pressure for the underpressure store is preset in a state wherein the servo system is actuated or an actuation is expected.

Abstract: An air duct for inclusion in the air intake tract of an internal combustion engine in which flow obstacles, especially wire-shaped flow obstacles, are arranged in the vicinity of the duct wall (21) in order to improve the acoustic characteristics of the duct. The flow obstacle may, for example, be wire strands (29). The flow obstacles are capable of decreasing the acoustic noise emitted by the air duct while maintaining a low flow resistance since the center part of the duct cross-section remains unaffected by the flow obstacles. The flow obstacles may advantageously be arranged in the discharge area of flap valves since so that the valves are prevented from whistling when they are only open a small way. In order to simplify the manufacturing and assembly costs, the flow obstacles may be disposed in the area of a flanged joint in the air intake duct.

Abstract: In an electronically controlled fuel injection apparatus of a speed density type, a new air intake efficiency correction value for correcting an intake pressure is calculated based on the intake pressure, an engine rotation speed, and an advance angle amount of valve timing.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine for a marine drive has an air induction device introducing air to a combustion chamber. The air induction device defines an intake port next to the combustion chamber. An intake valve is movable between open and closed positions of the intake port. A valve actuator is journaled on the engine body for rotation to actuate the intake valve at a set angular position. A setting mechanism is arranged to set the valve actuator to the angular position between advanced and delayed angular positions. A sensor is arranged to sense an amount of the air within the induction device. A control system is configured to control the setting mechanism based upon the signal of the sensor. The control system controls the setting mechanism to set the valve actuator to an angular position that is closer to the first angular position than a present angular position when the signal indicates that the amount of the air increases and a change rate of the amount is greater than a preset change rate.

Abstract: A high-pressure injection system including a high-pressure pump having a plunger cylinder, a port element arranged on an outlet side of the plunger cylinder and having an outlet port, a first end face and a second end face, and a high-pressure line element arranged on the outlet side of the port element. The plunger cylinder has a delivery chamber. The port element is flow-connected to the delivery chamber and an outlet valve. The first end face of the port element faces the plunger cylinder. The high-pressure line element comprises a common rail with a high-pressure sealing surface. The common rail bears against the second end face of the port element. The port element is clamped between the plunger cylinder and the common rail. The first and second end faces of the port element each comprise a high-pressure sealing surface.

Abstract: A method for control of an injector in an internal combustion engine in which for a specific engine cycle, a control unit calculates a desired value of the opening time of the injector and forwards this desired value to a drive circuit of the injector, a supervision device calculates an actual value of the opening time of the injector during the injection phase, compares this actual value with the desired value and generates an error signal if the difference between the desired value and the actual value is outside a predetermined acceptability range.

Abstract: Online optimization of injection systems having piezoelectric elements which are used, for example, as actuators in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the piezoelectric element is activated by an activation voltage having a value set as a function of operating characteristics of the particular piezoelectric element, and based upon, for example, a correction value for injected fuel volume.

Abstract: A high flow rate fuel vapor vent and rollover valve assembly with a float valve that provide a progressive closing of a vapor outlet to control the venting of fuel vapors from a fuel tank and the addition of liquid fuel to the tank. The float closes a portion of the vapor outlet in response to liquid fuel at a first level in a vehicle fuel tank. A body completely closes the vapor outlet in response to rollover attitudes of the vehicle. One or more separate baffles are constructed and arranged to prevent the escape of liquid fuel through the vapor outlet.

Abstract: The pressure control valve is structured such that a first port is formed on one side of a casing, a second port is formed on the other side, and, in the casing, there are disposed not only a positive pressure valve which, when the pressure on the first port side becomes high, can be moved to the second port side to thereby communicate with the second port side, but also a negative pressure valve which, when the pressure on the first port side becomes low, can be moved to the first port side to thereby communicate with the second port side. In the pressure control valve, there is provided flow passage expanding means which, which the positive pressure valve has moved to the second port side beyond a given distance, allows the first port side to communicate with the second port side.

Abstract: A cylinder head is provided with a gas-liquid separation chamber apart from a chain chamber. The gas-liquid separation chamber is communicated with a crank chamber via a gas inlet and the chain chamber. The gas inlet is opened in the side direction of a chain within the chain chamber, and has an inclined bottom surface. At an upper end portion of the gas-liquid separation chamber is mounted an oil flow back chamber, which has an opening to communicate with a chain chamber. A blow-by gas in the crank chamber is guided into the gas-liquid separation chamber, where an oil component is separated, and then fed into another gas-liquid separation chamber in order to separate the oil component in two steps. Thereby, the oil component in the blow-by gas can be securely separated without adding new components or causing complication in a structure of breather system of an engine.