Abstract: A power unit has a power case which includes a crankcase portion integrally formed with a transmission case portion. The crankcase portion forms a crankcase in which the crankshaft of a 4-cycle internal combustion engine is received. The transmission case portion forms a transmission case in which a wet type multiple disc friction clutch for transmitting the torque of the crankshaft is received. A partition wall makes the crankcase independent of the transmission case, and thus separates the lubrication system of the internal combustion engine from the lubrication system of the friction clutch. The lubrication structure of the present invention can improve the durability of the friction clutch and make the friction clutch compact, and secure good connection performance of the friction clutch by separating the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine from the lubrication system of friction clutch.

Abstract: A wobble plate engine (20) includes a wobble plate assembly (26) having a wobble plate (58) that rolls against truncated cone portions (42) of a housing (22) and has an inner extremity (60) rotatably supported by an axially inclined annular bearing (49, 49′) on a spherical member (46) of the wobble plate assembly so as to rotate a shaft (24) during the wobbling motion. One embodiment of the wobble engine (20) includes an oil lubrication system (114) and another embodiment includes antifriction roller bearings (220) that support the wobble plate (58) on the spherical member (46), antifriction roller bearings (224) that rotatively support the shaft (24) on the housing (22′) and seals (226) that rotatively seal between the shaft (24) and the housing (22′).

Abstract: A method for controlling a spark ignited direct injection internal combustion engine having an air intake with a throttle valve positioned therein and a plurality of cylinders operable in at least a homogeneous operating mode with a homogeneous air/fuel mixture and an associated range of allowable homogeneous air/fuel ratios and a stratified mode with a stratified air/fuel mixture and an associated range of allowable stratified air/fuel ratios, wherein the homogeneous range and stratified range do not overlap, includes determining a desired value for an engine operating parameter based on current engine operating conditions wherein the desired value results in scheduling of an air/fuel ratio between the homogeneous range and stratified range of allowable air/fuel ratios, operating a first portion of the cylinders in the homogenous operating mode, and operating a second portion of the cylinders in the stratified operating mode such that a combined air/fuel ratio associated with the first and second portions of

Abstract: A method for mixture formation in an internal combustion engine with direct gasoline injection, and an internal combustion engine with direct gasoline injection, are proposed in which the fuel is sprayed at the piston bottom in a thin coherent stream, deflected there, and then atomized.

Abstract: The invention relates a to spark-ignition internal combustion engine with direct injection into the combustion chamber which operates according to the jet-guided combustion method, with at least one injection device and one ignition device per cylinder. In order to increase the stratification capabilities and the service life of the injection device it is provided that the ignition device is disposed centrally, preferably in the zone of the of the cylinder axis, and the injection device is disposed laterally offset in the direct vicinity of the ignition location, with the distance between the orifice of the injection device and the ignition location being 0.1 to 0.24 times the piston diameter.

Abstract: An electronic throttle control system performs open-loop control on a motor of an electronic throttle by pulse width modulation (PWM) control based on a target opening amount TAR set by an accelerator sensor. A microcomputer controls the current output to the motor by periodically controlling an excitation width of an on-pulse with a specified duty ratio. The microcomputer calculates a duty ratio corresponding to the set target opening amount TAR with an accuracy higher than its own resolution. When the calculated duty ratio exceeds a value of the output resolution, the microcomputer adds, e.g., every other cycle, a value having the output resolution to the duty ratio of the on-pulse which is periodically controlled, and averages the current output to the motor.

Abstract: Processing conditions are determined on the basis of an operation range. After IG-OFF, an intake valve opening timing is advanced to 20° CA BTDC, and an exhaust valve closing timing is retarded to 20° CA ATDC. By controlling the intake and exhaust valve timings as described above, it is possible to reduce the fuel sticking to the intake passage. Particularly in the case of cold engine starting before activation of the catalyst, it is possible to prevent direct exhaust of HC emissions and accordingly to reduce emissions because of the decreased amount of fuel sticking to the intake passage.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the damping of load impacts in the drive train of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine equipped with an electronic control system. It is the aim of the invention to provide load impact damping which adapts to the varying vibration behavior of the drive train during the life of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: An improved method and system for the control of an engine system such as the spark timing. The control senses the speed variations either during a portion of a complete cycle and a complete cycle and/or from cycle to cycle in order to determine the load on the engine from preprogrammed maps based upon the engine characteristics. From this load and the speed reading, it is possible to obtain the desired engine control. This not only reduces the costs of the system by reducing the number of sensors, but also permits adjustments to be made more rapidly.

Abstract: An improved method and system for the control of an engine fuel injection system. The control senses the speed variations either during a portion of a complete cycle and a complete cycle and/or from cycle to cycle in order to determine the load on the engine from preprogrammed maps based upon the engine characteristics. From this load and the speed reading, it is possible to obtain the desired engine fuel injection control. This not only reduces the costs of the system by reducing the number of sensors, but also permits adjustments to be made more rapidly.

Abstract: When control conditions are satisfied, an A/F value is estimated from an average value of rotation speed Ne and an increasing rotation speed &Dgr;Ne calculated. The estimated A/F value as a base is obtained from the average value of the rotation speed Ne, and a correction value for the estimated A/F value is obtained from the increasing rotation speed &Dgr;Ne. Then, a fuel increment/decrement correction coefficient &ggr; and an air increment/decrement correction coefficient &bgr; are calculated, and used in the control of A/F ratio toward a target A/F value based on a final estimated A/F value.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply system and method are used with an internal combustion engine that includes a pressure raising mechanism operable to raise a pressure in a high-pressure portion of the fuel supply system to a level suitable for starting the engine, and a high-pressure pump operable to raise the pressure in the high-pressure portion to a target level that is higher than the above level after the engine is started. When the pressure in the high-pressure portion reaches the level suitable for starting the engine, a pressure wall of the pressure raising mechanism displaces over only a part of its displacement range that ranges from an original position to a maximum displacement position, so that the pressure wall will be able to further displace toward the maximum displacement position so as to raise the pressure in the high-pressure portion when the engine is re-started after the engine is stopped before the pressure wall is returned to the original position.

Abstract: A fuel rail assembly (10, 50) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle includes a fuel rail (12) defining a main fuel chamber (14) and a plurality of fuel injectors (20) attached to mounting collars (22) disposed within the fuel rail (12). The main chamber of the fuel rail (12) includes an integrally formed damper section (30) defining a cross-section of the main fuel chamber (14) that directs fuel flow transversely relative to the main chamber (14) to attenuate pressure pulsation within the fuel rail (12). The damper section (30) includes opposing first and second members (34, 36) offset relative to each other to form a fluid passageway transverse to the main fuel chamber (14).

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes a valve body movably disposed for back and forth movement in a fuel passage to open and close a fuel injection hole of the fuel injection apparatus. An armature is attached to the valve body. A valve-opening solenoid coil drives the armature in a valve-opening direction. A valve-closing solenoid coil drives the armature in a valve-closing direction. A controller that sets an overlap time, which is a time by which starting of electrifying of the valve-closing solenoid coil precedes stopping of electrifying of the valve-opening solenoid coil, controls the solenoid coils in accordance with a fuel pressure supplied to the fuel injection apparatus such that a valve-closing force on the valve body does not exceed an open valve holding force on the valve body prior to the time when stopping of the electrifying of the valve-opening solenoid coil occurs.

Abstract: A fuel injector control circuit reduces the number of gates required by arranging high side and low side gates in a matrix. Each coil is selectively activated by activating a unique pair of a high side gate and a low side gate, thus reducing the total number of gates required.

Abstract: An engine includes an improved sensor arrangement that can decrease the possibility of damage to sensors relating to fuel injection control. The engine includes a cylinder block defining first and second banks of cylinder bores extending separately from each other. Pistons reciprocate within the respective cylinder bores. Cylinder head members are arranged to close respective ends of the first and second banks of the cylinder bores. The cylinder head members define combustion chambers together with the cylinder bores and the pistons. An air induction system is arranged to introduce air to the combustion chambers. The induction system includes first and second intake units with the first intake unit allotted to the first cylinder bank and with the second intake unit allotted to the second cylinder bank. The first and second intake units define first and second intake passages, respectively, through which the air flows. Fuel injectors are arranged to spray fuel for combustion in the combustion chambers.

Abstract: An electronic returnless fuel system for a vehicle includes a fuel pump to pump fuel from a fuel tank. The electronic returnless fuel system also includes a fuel rail fluidly connected to the fuel pump to distribute the fuel to an engine of the vehicle and a pressure transducer to sense pressure of the fuel from the fuel pump to the fuel rail. The electronic returnless fuel system includes a controller electrically connected to the pressure transducer and the fuel pump to control the pressure of the fuel from the fuel pump to the fuel rail at a set operating pressure. The electronic returnless fuel system further includes a pressure relief valve interconnecting the fuel pump and the fuel rail set a predetermined amount above the set operating pressure and at least one jet pump disposed in the fuel tank and fluidly connected to the pressure relief valve.

Abstract: There is provided an engine cylinder head in which a water jacket and an EGR passage are formed therein, the EGR passage opening into an exhaust passage at one end and opening into a side of an intake side at the other end thereof, the engine cylinder being characterized in that the EGR passage is provided outwardly in a cylinder arrangement direction of head bolt pass-through holes formed in one end of the engine cylinder head in the cylinder arrangement direction. Thus, since the EGR passage can be made much longer, the cooling capacity for re-circulating gas can be improved. Moreover since the EGR passage can be provided without head bolts being spaced apart from the combustion chamber, the surface pressure around combustion chambers in the cylinder head relative to a cylinder block can be prevented from being lowered.

Abstract: In the ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine according to the invention, during a period when spark discharge voltage is detected by a waveform detecting unit 20 and an ignition coil 12 supplies the spark discharge voltage by use of ignition detection 22, ignition in each of cylinders is detected in accordance with discharged voltage by the waveform detecting unit 20. When the ignition detection 22 detects the ignition by use of, for example, an ignition control unit 24, during a discharging period of supplying the spark discharge voltage having detected the ignition, the supply of the spark discharge voltage is stopped. Thereby, since the supply of the spark discharge voltage is stopped after having detected the ignition, it is possible to avoid the surplus supply of spark energy to the spark plug 10 after having fired.

Abstract: In order to form contact between a control unit and current loads of an internal combustion engine by electrical components through a cylinder head cover which is seated on a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, a method includes a pre-fixing step for the electrical components, from which step the electrical components are moved into a fixed position directly or indirectly in the cylinder head cover, after the cylinder head cover has been fitted onto the cylinder head, in order to subsequently connect the electrical components to the control unit.

Abstract: In a control device, in a control device of an internal combustion engine provided with an internal combustion engine main body mounted to a vehicle and a heater operating on the basis of an output from a specific sensor given as a trigger at least before the internal combustion engine main body starts, whether or not the heater is operated before the start is stored, and it is judged that the sensor has failed when operation of the heater is not stored.

Abstract: The portable barbeque unit has a smaller footprint than typical grills. This is a barbequing apparatus housed by a a clay bowl or pot, such as a terra cotta flower pot. The grill is designed to take advantage of the properties of the smaller volume and heat-resistant qualities of clay-fired pottery as the base for the unit. The base is naturally heat-resistant to deformation and retains and transfers thermal energy from a heat source back into unit, thereby maintaining the temperature of the headspace in the unit for a longer period of time compared to typical barbeque grills. The compact space within the barbeque allows charcoal briquettes to bum hot for hours, creating a longer burning time and an economical utilization of charcoal.

Abstract: A raisable and lowerable platform that houses a removable charcoal or gas grill and a removable cooler chest, with a storage compartment between the two, a telescoping flagpole mounted to the platform to display team colors, and a fold down table attached on both ends of the platform to provide more cooking area. In the preferred embodiment to date the platform is connected to a wheeled scissors lift system that is used to raise and lower the platform. The apparatus is carried and transported via a rollered receiver hitch assembly that is an integral part of the scissors lift system and that is conventionally mountable on a transport vehicle.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods are provided for the warming of materials. In an embodiment, the heat for warming the materials is provided by an activatable heating substance, such as a supercooled salt solution. In an embodiment, an apparatus maintains fluid at a preselected temperature for prolonged durations. In an embodiment, an apparatus may be sterilized for deployment in a sterile surgical field. In an embodiment, an apparatus may be reused. In an embodiment, an apparatus is adapted for easy pouring of contents.

Abstract: There is now provided a stove for cooking food and like appliances with a door having a window and a temperature indicating device. The temperature indicating device can be on a glass door of a heating and/or cooling device, whereby a color change indicates the temperature, and whereby an indicator is provided between two plates of the glass door which consists of two or more plates. The indicator is configured to change color upon the interior temperature of the appliance reaching a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spray device (eg an inhaler) comprising an aerosol formulation administered to the respiratory or nasal tract in which the level of formulation remaining in the device can be readily inspected.

Abstract: A manually manipulated resuscitation mask, which includes a flexible barrier for providing a sealing contact with a face of a victim in a region adjacent to a victim's mouth. The flexible barrier has an opening therethrough to cooperate with the victim's mouth. The opening in the sheet is comprised of an integrally connected, flexible sleeve, extending away from the flexible sheet and the victim's face. The sleeve has an open end remote from where the sleeve is integrally connected to the flexible barrier sheet. The mask also includes a tubular member that has first and second end portions. The tubular member is positionable within the flexible sleeve and has the first end portion integrally secured to the open end of the flexible sleeve. The second end portion of the tubular member is located adjacent to the flexible barrier sheet when the tubular member is positioned within the sleeve.

Abstract: In a respiratory apparatus for treatment of sleep apnea and other disorders associated with an obstruction of a patient's airway and which uses an airflow signal, an obstruction index is generated which detects the flattening of the inspiratory portion of the airflow. The obstruction index is used to differentiate normal and obstructed breathing. The obstruction index is based upon different weighting factors applied to sections of the airflow signal thereby improving sensitivity to various types of respiration obstructions.

Abstract: A nasal mask assembly that includes a seal member defined from a unitary piece of elastomeric material. The seal member defines a nose receiving cavity and has a first end portion and a second end portion generally opposite the first end portion. A first opening in the first end portion allows at least a portion of a nose to enter the nose receiving cavity such that the nares of the patient communicate with the nose receiving cavity. The seal member includes a neck portion defined in the second end portion and a second opening defined in the neck portion in communication with the nose receiving cavity. A reinforcement area is provided on the side walls of the seal member. The reinforcement area comprises a saddle shaped contoured area on each side of the seal member. Each saddle shaped area has an upper and a lower protrusion portion for providing supporting contact with the face.

Abstract: An endotracheal tube which facilitates rapid intubation of the trachea, especially in situations where anatomical variation creates difficult intubating conditions, includes a portion that can be bent during placement to control the position of the distal end of the tube. The distal end of the endotracheal tube may be selectively curled or bent by a mechanism or fluid passage accessible from the proximal end of the endotracheal tube. The endotracheal tube provides for manipulation of the insertion end without occluding the lumen of the tube, to facilitate placement of the tube.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of detecting regional variations in oxygen uptake from the lungs of an air-breathing animal subject, said method comprising administering into the lungs of said subject a diagnostically effective amount of a gaseous hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent, detecting the magnetic resonance signal from said agent in said lungs, determining the temporal variation in relaxation rate for said signal for at least one region of interest within said lungs, and from said variation generating a qualitative or quantitative value or image indicative of the oxygen uptake from the alveolar space in said at least one region of interest.

Abstract: Apparatus for making one or more rod-like fillers of shredded tobacco for use in the making of cigarettes or the like employs one or two pneumatic conveyors having endless foraminous belts trained over pulleys and including elongated stretches below communicating parts of a common suction chamber. A shower of intermixed tobacco shreds and smaller particles including tobacco dust and coarser particles is directed against the undersides of the elongated stretches. The shreds are attracted to and advance with the respective belts to form streams which are ready to be trimmed and thereupon draped into cigarette paper or the like. At least some smaller particles penetrate through the respective belts into the corresponding parts of the suction chamber. The contents of the suction chamber are evacuated by suction and are returned to the undersides of the elongated stretches of the belts for classification.

Abstract: A unit and method for transferring cigarette portions whereby the cigarette portions are transferred from a manufacturing machine to a filter assembly machine by means of a first conveyor having first seats movable along a first annular path to pick up respective cigarette portions at a pickup point, and by means of a second conveyor having second seats movable along a respective second annular path; the cigarette portions are transferred from a first seat to a second seat at a transfer point along the first path, and the speed of the second seats is corrected at the transfer point to substantially reach or approximate the speed of the first seats at the transfer point.

Abstract: A cosmetic container (10) comprises a housing assembly (1, 3, 4, 7, 9) with an annular projection (8) and a cap assembly (11, 12) with an inner cap member (12) engageable with the annular projection. The inner cap member has a wall portion (15) between upper and lower annular external swells (16, 17), which is deformed to provide air-tight engagement with the annular projection in a capped condition. The lower swell (16) comprises a plurality of spaced segmental annular projections (161) formed substantially around the outer surface of the inner cap member and one or more of dotty projections (162) positioned substantially within each space between adjacent two of the segmental annular projections. The lower swell acts as a first stopper for preventing removal of the cap assembly from the housing assembly, whereas the upper swell acts as a second stopper for preventing excessive insertion of the housing assembly into the cap assembly.

Abstract: Brass articles having leachable lead are contacted with an aqueous caustic solution having a pH of about 10 to about 14 that contains a chelating agent. During contact, the brass articles can be sonicated. The brass articles can be optionally pretreated by contacting them with an aqueous solution containing an organic carboxylic acid and an inorganic per-salt. The brass article can optionally further be post treated by contacting them with an aqueous solution containing sodium persulfate.

Abstract: A method (400) for cleaning a semiconductor wafer. The method includes immersing (420) a wafer in a liquid comprising water. The wafer has a front face, a back face, and an edge. The method also includes providing a substantially particle free environment adjacent to the front face and the back face as the liquid is being removed. A step of introducing a carrier gas comprising a cleaning enhancement substance during the providing step (450) also is included. The cleaning enhancement substance dopes the liquid which is attached to the front face and the back face to cause a concentration gradient of the cleaning enhancement substance in the attached liquid to accelerate fluid flow of the attached liquid off of the wafer.

Abstract: A method of removing hazardous insulation material advantageously uses a glove bag with a large open mouth which is secured to a wall portion exterior to the insulation to be removed. The wall portion and the glove bag collectively enclose and isolate the insulation to be removed. The insulation is removed, the border of exposed insulation is sealed, and the glove bag properly removed. The method is effective and time efficient and is suitable for many applications, including removal of asbestos and silica insulation.

Abstract: A method for processing semiconductor wafers includes processing a semiconductor wafer in a processing chamber having upper and lower chambers, decoupling the upper chamber from the lower chamber, cleaning the upper chamber, determining, while decoupled, that a leak rate and a particle count for the upper chamber meets predetermined criteria, and coupling the upper chamber to the lower chamber.

Abstract: Reaction products produced under dry etching attach to a substrate undergoing dry etching. It is necessary to remove the reaction products for the next step. Therefore, in the case of the background art, the processing of supplying a remover for reaction products, an intermediate rinse for washing away the remover, and deionized water to a substrate in order is performed.

Abstract: A plastic air intake manifold is cleaned by a washer. The manifold is secured in a water tight chamber and immersed in water. Impellers in the chamber create turbulence in the water to remove oil and impurities located near the impellers. Air jets are activated to produce compressed air bubbles in the water which act abrasively to further clean the manifold. The water, impurities and oil are immediately removed from the chamber by a high power suction water outlet pump.

Abstract: The invention comprises a tile main body, a recess formed in the tile main body for receiving a photovoltaic module having its reverse surface provided with a terminal box, and a terminal-box-receiving recess provided at the bottom of the recess for receiving the terminal box. A cable lead-out section is provided in a side wall located at the ridge-side of a roof where the tile main body is mounted on the roof. Output lead-out cables connected to the terminal box are led from the lead-out section to the ridge side. This structure prevents rainwater entering the receiving recess from reaching a connection of the terminal box and the cables.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a first semiconductor layer that is p-type, and a second semiconductor layer that is n-type formed over the first semiconductor layer. The solar cell includes a layer A made of a semiconductor different from the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer or an insulator between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. The band gap Eg1 of the first semiconductor layer and the band gap Eg2 of the second semiconductor layer satisfy the relationship Eg1<Eg2. The electron affinity &khgr;1 (eV) of the first semiconductor layer and the electron affinity &khgr;2 (eV) of the second semiconductor layer satisfy the relationship 0≦(&khgr;1−&khgr;2)<0.5, and the average layer thickness of the layer A is 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diode structure, especially for thin film solar cells. The aim of the invention is to provide a diode structure for thin film solar cells. Said structure allows for an assembly of a thin film solar cell, whereby said assembly is as flexible as possible, efficiency is high, and utilizing materials that are as environmentally friendly as possible. A diode structure comprising a p-conducting layer, which consists of a chalcopyrite compound, and a n-conducting layer, which is adjacent to the p-conducting layer and consists of a compound that contains titanium and oxygen, is provided.

Abstract: A robot arm with a coating gun mounted on a distal end thereof houses therein a first color changing valve mechanism for supplying a base compound, an electropneumatic transducer, and a second color changing valve mechanism for supplying a hardener, which are successively arranged in the order named toward the coating gun. The base compound and the hardener supplied from these mechanisms controlled by the electropneumatic transducer can be mixed highly accurately at a desired mixing ratio, and applied to coat a workpiece with a high-quality coating layer.

Abstract: A bathtub plumbing system including a hand-held shower controlled by a compact pressure balanced, volume and temperature controlled mixing valve. The pressure-balancing valve is installed in a bathtub plumbing set having a hand-held shower accessory. The pressure balancing valve receives hot and cold water from hand-held shower water feed pipes coupled to the main hot and cold water inlet pipes, respectively, located upstream of the respective hot and cold water control valves used to supply water to the main faucet. The hand-held shower hot and cold feed pipes are each hydraulically connected to a first respective hot and cold water inlet of a compact pressure-balancing valve. The hand-held shower is hydraulically connected to the outlet of the pressure-balancing valve by a flexible hose. Hot and cold water entering the pressure-balancing valve is mixed therein independently of the hot and cold water supplied to the faucet.

Abstract: A backflow preventer assembly includes a housing having a first end and a second end, a first mounting assembly configured to removably secure a first check valve at a region of first end of the housing, and a second mounting assembly configured to removably secure a second check valve at a region of the second end of the housing. The housing includes a wall having an inner surface defining a through bore extending between the first and second ends. Each mounting assembly has a wall with an inner surface defining a through bore in fluid communication with the housing through bore. A first coupling secures the first mounting assembly to the housing, and a second coupling secures the second mounting assembly to the housing.

Abstract: A device for controlling a liquid flow by a gas pressure. The device includes a pressure chamber, in which an overpressure, an underpressure or atmospheric pressure may prevail. The pressure in the pressure chamber can be used for allowing the liquid flow to pass or for stopping the liquid flow. Furthermore the liquid flow can be limited to a predetermined rate of flow. The device may interalia be used in sewage systems, hydraulic engineering works and irrigation works.

Abstract: A filling valve for a pressurized fluid container, including a valve body with a longitudinal bore and a side opening formed therein, a sealing assembly slidingly disposed in the valve body, the sealing assembly being formed with a bore therethrough, a valve lever pivotally attached to a portion of the valve body, the sealing assembly including a jutting portion which protrudes in a direction generally away from a bottom portion of the valve body, a float arm attached to the valve lever, and a float mounted on the float arm, wherein when the float is positioned at a generally obtuse angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the valve body, the jutting portion of the sealing assembly is raised and supported by the valve lever, such that the sealing assembly is raised and does not block the side opening thereby permitting fluid flow through the side opening, and wherein when the float is sufficiently buoyed by a fluid, the float arm swings upwards and the jutting portion of the sealing assembly is no longer

Abstract: A throttle element with a gap filter for use in a fuel pump is proposed, which is press-fitted into a conduit in the housing of an injection pump. By means of the press fitting, a good sealing action and at the same time low-cost production and mounting are attained. The throttle element can furthermore be designed economically and compactly.

Abstract: A thermostatic mixing valve for the mixing of a first fluid and a second fluid is disclosed. The thermostatic mixing valve is configured to produce a mixed fluid of a particular temperature from a first fluid of a temperature higher than or equal to the particular temperature and a second fluid of a temperature lower than or equal to the particular temperature. The thermostatic mixing valve includes a valve body having a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet, and a mixed fluid outlet. The thermostatic mixing valve also includes a valve member configured to control the rate of flow of at least the first fluid.