Abstract: An improved non-dispersing set retarder additive for foamed cements, cement compositions containing the additive, and methods of cementing in a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore are provided. The set retarder additive includes a blend of a sulfonated lignin, preferably a lignosulfonate, with an alkali lignin, preferably a kraft lignin, having an organic sulfur content of 0-3.5% by weight in a ratio of about 6:4 to 8:2. The methods are basically comprised of the steps of preparing a foamed cement composition comprised of hydraulic cement, a non-dispersing set retarder, sufficient water to form a slurry, sufficient gas to foam the slurry and a foaming and foam stabilizing surfactant present in an amount sufficient to facilitate the formation of the foam and stabilize the foamed cement composition.

Abstract: A goods pallet comprising parallel supports having at least end portions fixed by assembly means to cross-connection elements, each cross-connection element comprising a beam of channel section having a top flange to which the support elements are fixed, and a web and a bottom flange which are both recessed by at least one notch to form two spaced-apart brackets on either side thereof that are integral with the top flange.

Abstract: A disc opener for no till or minimum till seeding and/or fertilizing operations, the opener having a frame adapted to move in a forward direction of travel, an opening disc for forming a furrow in soil when moved in the forward direction, the disc being rotatably mounted to the frame and inclined in the direction of travel to provide a leading and a trailing surface, means for dispensing seed and/or fertilizer into the furrow, a soil retaining wheel mounted to the frame and set to run along an undisturbed soil surface behind the trailing edge of the leading surface of the opening disc in substantially the same direction as the direction of travel, such that in use the soil retaining wheel replaces soil from the furrow formed by the opening disc and also controls the depth of the furrow.

Abstract: A wakeboard assembly transports a rider across a body of water. The rider defines a rider center of gravity. The wakeboard assembly includes a hull that extends between a stem and a stern. The hull defines an interior compartment and a deck for receiving the rider thereon during operation of said wakeboard assembly. An engine is mounted to the hull within the interior compartment. The engine is mounted to the hull at a position between the stem and the stern below the deck. The engine is mounted such that the engine extends through the center of gravity of the rider.

Abstract: A combination inflatable ring, locking bar, hydroplane shield, to convert ordinary folding boats into a folding rigid inflatable boat, with improved safety, stability, load capacity, and improved performance.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a silicon single ingot in accordance with the Czochralski method. The process for growing the single crystal silicon ingot comprises controlling (i) a growth velocity, v, (ii) an average axial temperature gradient, G0, during the growth of a constant diameter portion of the crystal over a temperature range from solidification to a temperature of no less than about 1325° C. to initially produce in the constant diameter portion of the ingot a series of predominant intrinsic point defects including vacancy dominated regions and silicon self interstitial dominated regions, alternating along the axis, and cooling the regions from the temperature of solidification at a rate which allows silicon self-interstitial atoms to diffuse radially to the lateral surface and to diffuse axially to vacancy dominated regions to reduce the concentration intrinsic point defects in each region.

Abstract: A crucible, which has first member and second cylindrical body, is disposed in a lower chamber. A pedestal is disposed inside the first member, and a seed crystal is fixed to the pedestal. A second heat insulator is provided between an inlet conduit and a crucible. A first heat insulator is provided at a halfway portion of the inlet conduit. With these heat insulators, a temperature gradient occurs in the inlet conduit at a portion thereof that is closer to the crucible. A mixture gas is introduced into the crucible. The mixture gas is heated up gradually when passing through the inlet conduit and is introduced into the crucible to form SiC single crystals in high quality.

Abstract: A crucible has first member and second cylindrical body, and is disposed in a lower chamber. The fist member is disposed in the second cylindrical body so as to define a gas flow path formed therebetween as a gap. A pedestal is disposed inside the first member. A seed crystal is fixed to the pedestal. SiC single crystals are formed on the pedestal by introducing a mixture gas through an inlet conduit. During growth of the SiC single crystals, conductance in introduction of the mixture gas into the crucible is larger than that in exhaust of the mixture gas, so that pressure of the mixture gas in the crucible is larger than that of the mixture gas after exhausted from the crucible.

Abstract: A chemical solution coating apparatus, having a carrier board and a plurality of spray apparatuses. The carrier board is to carry the wafer to be coated, and the spray apparatuses are located at a periphery of the carrier board to evenly spray chemical solution on the wafer. Since the chemical solution is coated on the wafer in a spray manner, so that the unnecessary lapse and process cost are avoided. The number and spraying angle spray apparatuses can be adjusted to reach an optimum status.

Abstract: The apparatus for a perpendicular type ultra vacuum chemical vapor deposition, which is for growing an epitaxy crystal such as Si, SiGe, and SiGe:C as a semiconductor thin film based on a high quality, includes a growth chamber having a quartz tube of a heterostructure for maintaining a uniformity in a growth of an epitaxial layer under a high vacuum and minimizing a thermal transfer from a wafer; a wafer transferring chamber connected to a lower side of the growth chamber, said wafer transferring chamber having a perpendicular transfer device for vertically transferring the wafer on which the epitaxial layer grows; a buffer chamber equipped in a lower side of the wafer transferring chamber, for preventing a stress to a transfer gear caused by a pressure difference with the wafer transferring chamber in vertically transferring the wafer; and a loadlock chamber connected to one side of the wafer transferring chamber, for reducing a pollution from the outside in the growth of the epitaxial layer, horizontally t

Abstract: A solar cell production method includes the steps of: forming a first electrode layer on a substrate, sequentially forming a p-layer, an i-layer and an n-layer of amorphous silicon on the first electrode layer, and forming a second electrode layer on the n-layer, wherein the i-layer is formed by a plasma CVD method employing plasma discharge caused by application of a pulse-modulated high frequency voltage having a pulse ON time of not longer than 50 &mgr; sec and a duty ratio of not higher than 50% to improve a photo-electric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Abstract: Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactors and methods of effecting the same are described. In accordance with a preferred implementation, a reaction chamber includes first and second electrodes operably associated therewith. A single RF power generator is connected to an RF power splitter which splits the RF power and applies the split power to both the first and second electrodes. Preferably, power which is applied to both electrodes is in accordance with a power ratio as between electrodes which is other than a 1:1 ratio. In accordance with one preferred aspect, the reaction chamber comprises part of a parallel plate PECVD system. In accordance with another preferred aspect, the reaction chamber comprises part of an inductive coil PECVD system. The power ratio is preferably adjustable and can be varied. One manner of effecting a power ratio adjustment is to vary respective electrode surface areas.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a heating process chamber in which a heating process is performed for a wafer, a load lock chamber, connected to the heating process chamber, for controlling at least oxygen concentration and pressure, a transferring arm transferring the wafer between the heating process chamber and the load lock chamber, and a gate valve shielding the heating process chamber from the load lock chamber. Thus, an insulation film with high quality can be formed. In addition, the wafer is temporarily placed in the load lock chamber adjacent to the heating process chamber without need to be transferred to another unit. Thus, the transferring time period for the wafer can be shortened. In addition, footprints can be decreased.

Abstract: An infection resistant mat having individual segments containing foam padding and a contiguous cover of impervious material. The cover is constructed by radio frequency (RF) sealing of the seams which eliminates portals of entry of infectious organisms, vermin or fluid. Air channels within the cover communicate between the segments to allow air pressure equalization among the several segments during use. The contiguous cover creates hinges between the segments that allow the mat to be folded for storage. The mat also can be constructed with only one padded section.

Abstract: A throwaway dog's dung bag and adjustable tie-belt combination unit includes a throwaway bag and tie-belts for fixing the bag on dog's buttocks, wherein the bag is a soft sack with hard frame on its mouth. Hook rabbets are provided on the two flanks of the frame. A vertical tie-belt is fixed to surround dog's abdomen or legs. Two horizontal tie-belts, one end of which is separately connected to the two flanks of the vertical tie-belt, while the free end of which has hooks for hooking into the rabbets in bag frames. Thus, the bag can be fixed to the dog's buttocks. The opening of the frame is placed against dog's anus to receive excreta. Such unit can enhance environment protection and sanitation conditions.

Abstract: An internal combustion rotary engine of the type comprising a rotor, an output shaft as the rotor axis, crankshafts mounting on output shaft, pistons reciprocable in piston chambers within the rotor, piston rods connecting the pistons to the crank of crankshaft. This rotary engine is characterized by the ignition force perpendicular to the output shaft radius, by radially spaced the crankshaft axis from output shaft axis, by connection between the output shaft and the crankshafts to concurrently synchronize them.

Abstract: The invention provides an electromagnetic driving valve of an internal combustion engine provided with a significantly compact shock absorbing means which can reduce an impact sound and a vibration in a contact portion between a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft and reduce an impact sound and a vibration generated at a time when a valve portion sits on an intake and exhaust port at a time of closing a valve. A shock absorbing means (27) is provided between a first transmission shaft (4a) extended upward from a valve portion (3) and a second transmission shaft (4b) extended on the same axis thereof and supporting a movable plate (7) between a pair of electromagnets (5, 6).

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve controller estimates a dead time based on predetermined parameters. A dead time for the current cycle is determined based on the estimated dead time. The controller measures a dead time in the previous cycle. The controller determines a deviation between the dead time measured in the previous cycle and the dead time estimated in the previous cycle. The deviation is added to the dead time estimated in the current cycle to determine the dead time for the current cycle. The controller further determines a target de-energization timing indicating when to execute a valve timing command, based on predetermined parameters. The dead time determined for the current cycle is offset or subtracted from the target de-energization timing to determine an actual de-energization timing. An electromagnet of the valve is de-energized in accordance with the actual de-energization timing.

Abstract: In an alternate energization process for alternately energizing a valve closing electromagnet and a valve opening electromagnet periodically, one of the valve opening electromagnet and the valve closing electromagnet is de-energized and thereafter the other electromagnet is de-energized at a time delayed by a predetermined time Toff. The alternate energization process is finished when the displaced position of a valve head which is detected by a displacement sensor has reached a predetermined position Vinit while the valve opening electromagnet is being energized. Thereafter, the valve opening electromagnet is continuously energized to seat the valve head in a closed position (initial position) from the time when the displaced position of the valve head has reached a predetermined position Vstart.

Abstract: A reference position of a camshaft used in detection of a rotational phase of the camshaft relative to an engine crankshaft during the feedback control operation of a variable valve-timing controlling system adjustably changing the valve-timing of the engine, is learned in such a manner that result of detection of the rotational phase is smoothed more effectively than when the feedback control operation of the variable valve-timing controlling system is carried out, so as absorb unequal spaces among detection subjects of the cam sensor arranged around the camshaft.

Abstract: A pair of valve-timing controlling oil passages leading to a second valve-operating characteristic changing mechanism are defined in a lower camshaft holder, and a valve lift controlling oil passage leading to a first valve-operating characteristic changing mechanism is defined between the pair of valve-timing controlling oil passages in a mating surface of the lower camshaft holder with a cylinder head. In an area where the width of the valve lift controlling oil passage is reduced in order to avoid the interference with the valve-timing controlling oil passages, the depth of the valve lift controlling oil passage is larger than that in the other positions, whereby a sectional area of the oil passage is secured. Thus, the oil passages leading to the first and second mechanisms can be formed compact in a camshaft support member.

Abstract: First and second valve-operating characteristic changing mechanisms for changing the valve lift and the valve timing of an intake valve respectively are provided on an intake side of an engine. A hydraulic pressure control valve for the first valve-operating characteristic changing mechanism is mounted on one side of a cylinder head, and an oil filter for the second valve-operating characteristic changing mechanism is mounted on the other side of the cylinder head. The hydraulic pressure control valve and the oil filter are mounted outside a chain cover covering a timing chain. Therefore, the control valve and the oil filter do not interfere with the timing chain, and the maintenance of the control valve and the oil filter is carried out without removal of the chain cover.

Abstract: A cam timing system or assembly 10 is provided for use in combination with an internal combustion engine 12 of the type having a pair of substantially identical cylinder banks 13, 15, a crankshaft 14 and a pair of overhead camshafts 16, 18. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, cam timing system 10 includes a pair of conventional sprockets or members 20, 22, which are respectively and fixedly coupled to camshafts 16, 18, and a variable timing control device or apparatus 24, which is operatively coupled to crankshaft 14 and which includes an outer drum portion 40. An interconnecting member or chain 28 operatively engages drum portion 40 and sprockets 20, 22, thereby operatively and rotatably interconnecting sprockets 20, 22 to apparatus 24. Apparatus 24 is selectively actuated, and is effective to advance and/or delay the rotation of drum portion 40 with respect to crankshaft 14, thereby selectively advancing or delaying the rotation of camshafts 16, 18 with respect to crankshaft 14.

Abstract: In an engine valve operation mechanism, opposite ends of a support shaft that supports a cam in a rotatable manner are supported in a first support hole of a first support wall formed in a cylinder head and a second support hole of a second support wall placed inwardly from the first support wall relative to the cylinder head, thereby allowing the support shaft to be inserted into the first support hole and the second support hole from outside the cylinder head, and an inner face of a head cover prevents the support shaft from becoming detached from the first support hole. The axial movement of the cam support shaft can thereby be restricted without employing a special stopper member, and the leakage of lubricating oil for the support shaft can be prevented without using a special sealing member.

Abstract: To provide a valve system for an engine, in which a rocker arm is interlocked with an engine valve and is supported on a rocker shaft fixedly mounted to a cylinder head such that it is rockable with the rotation of a camshaft. Accordingly, the size and weight of the engine can be reduced. The posture of a rocker shaft is set to have an axial line crossing an axial line of a crankshaft on the projection plane perpendicular to an axial line of a cylinder bore. A rocker arm is rockably supported by the rocker shaft and is provided with an input arm extending, on the above projection plane, from the rocker arm to the camshaft side. A pull rod reciprocates in the axial direction with the rotation of the camshaft and is connected to the input arm.

Abstract: In a valve system for a OHV horizontally-opposed, four-cycle internal combustion engine, valve camshafts are provided at crankcase portions for supporting a crankshaft, of left and right cylinder banks disposed on opposite sides of the crankshaft. Intake and exhaust valves are provided at cylinder heads and are opened and closed by pull rods operated by the valve camshafts. The aforementioned valve system achieves large reductions in the size and weight of the piston heads where the intake and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine are disposed.

Abstract: An intake system for a horizontally opposed type internal combustion engine can contribute to an improvement in output performance without sacrificing the intrinsic merit of the horizontally opposed type internal combustion engine. Specifically, the intake system ensures that the overall height of the engine remains small. First and second intake ports are provided at head portions of first and second banks, which are arranged on the left and right sides. First and second intake distribution ports are arranged horizontally at a front wall of an intake surge tank 10, which is disposed on the rear end side of and adjacent to a crankshaft 1. The first and second intake ports are respectively connected with each other through first and second intake pipes disposed along a top surface or bottom surface of the engine E. Throttle valves for controlling intake quantities in the first and second intake pipes are provided in upstream portions of the intake pipes.

Abstract: In a horizontally opposed type internal combustion engine, to enable rigid support of a middle journal of a crankshaft through rational utilization of first and second case halves constituting a crankcase, and to thereby contribute to a simplification in structure and a reduction in weight. In a horizontally opposed type internal combustion engine, a crankcase is split at a plane containing the axis line of a crankshaft into first and second case halves connected with first and second cylinder blocks. The first and second case halves are integrally provided with first and second journal supporting walls for supporting a middle journal of the crankshaft. The first and second journal supporting walls front cylinder bores of the first and second cylinder blocks. The first and second journal supporting walls are coupled by a plurality of first bolts inserted from the side of the cylinder bores of the first cylinder block and disposed on opposite sides of and in proximity to the middle journal.

Abstract: To reliably prevent the occurrence of a pull out phenomenon in a magnetic driving pump of a vehicle internal combustion engine where permanent magnets, magnetized to have alternate N poles and S poles around an axis of a drive shaft and a driven shaft, are respectively fixed to the drive shaft and the driven shaft. The drive shaft is interlocked with a crankshaft and the driven shaft is coaxially mounted with the drive shaft. Furthermore, the permanent magnets are magnetized to have alternate N poles and S poles 90 degrees or 180 degrees in phase in a peripheral direction.

Abstract: In a method of operating a diesel internal combustion engine, wherein a homogeneous mixture being formed in the combustion space before a spontaneous ignition by means of fuel injected directly and separately supplied combustion air, the combustion air is admitted to the combustion space in a swirling flow about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder that can be adjusted as regards its swirl intensity by a control element. A control unit adjusts the swirl intensity in a manner coordinated with the injection parameters to provide a homogeneous mixture for highly effective engine operation with low emissions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of improving engine braking of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine by variable valve actuation. One embodiment of the present invention enables independent two-valve actuation for each cylinder, and engine braking horsepower can be optimized using two-valve braking at high engine speeds and one-valve braking at low speeds. Another embodiment of the present invention enables better a sequential valve actuation to reduce engine braking load and compliance. Another embodiment of the present invention enables better engine starting and warming up by controlling timing and lift of each valve.

Abstract: An engine control system and method include determining which engine cylinder is performing at a level differently than a majority of the other cylinders. Whenever a cylinder output is below that of the other cylinders, an engine performance variable, such as the spark angle, preferably is adjusted to bring the cylinder indicated mean effective pressure into conformance with that of the other cylinders. By adjusting the individual cylinder performance variable, engine performance is brought to a desired level of smoothness, especially under conditions such as engine idle.

Abstract: Method for correction of the spark advance for an internal combustion engine with a continuous phase transformer at the intake and/or exhaust; for each cylinder, the method consists of calculating a theoretical value of the optimum spark advance according to the drive point, calculating a first correction value, which depends on the mass of burnt gas trapped in the cylinder at the end of the intake phase, calculating a second correction value, which depends on the torque value generated, and calculating the actual value of the spark advance, by adding the two correction values to the theoretical value of the spark advance.

Abstract: A control for a camless engine is provided with a plurality of modules each associated with an individual cylinder. The modules are programmed to operate their respective cylinders once on each of two revolutions of a crankshaft. Thus, the control modules must have an indication of the point in the rotational cycle of the crankcase, but also a signal of which of the two revolutions in the two-revolution cycle is ongoing for the crankshaft. The crankshaft preferably provides a uniform signal for each of the two revolutions. The uniform signal is modified by a signal modification method such that the signal sent to the modules is distinct for each of the two revolutions. In a preferred embodiment the signal is provided with a space which is indicative of a particular point in each revolution. A modifier is controlled by a switch which alternates between one of two positions, and which modifies the space in one of the two positions.

Abstract: A side valve internal combustion engine provided with at least one combustion cylinder having a piston. At least two intake valves and at least one exhaust valve are provided for each of the combustion cylinders. In order to maintain a compact engine and provide a nozzle-type combustion chamber, the intake valves and exhaust valve are locate to one side of the combustion chamber in the engine block. The exhaust valve is further located at a greater distance from the combustion cylinder than the intake valves in order to decrease heat distribution on the cylinder walls. The nozzle-type chamber provides for efficient flow of gases within the engine.

Abstract: A control apparatus for suppressing vibrations of an engine when combustion is stopped. The control apparatus maintains an engine rotational speed at a reference rotational speed for a reference time when the combustion of the engine is automatically stopped. This results in a reduction in pressure in a combustion chamber of the engine. The control apparatus gradually reduces the rotational speed of the crankshaft, and stops the crankshaft before the rotational speed of the crankshaft reaches a resonant speed. In this way, the resonance and increased pressure in the combustion chamber are prevented to reduce vibrations of the vehicle.

Abstract: In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine having a fuel tank for liquid fuel, a fuel pump which draws fuel from the fuel tank and pressurized the fuel to an injection pressure at which the fuel is made available to the internal combustion engine, a fuel-fractionating device which produces at least one liquid fuel fraction from the fuel, and an accumulator which receives the liquid fuel fraction from the fuel-fractionating device, stores it and makes it available to the internal combustion engine, the fuel fraction made available and the fuel made available being fed to the internal combustion engine by the fuel supply system as a function of demand, the accumulator is a pressure accumulator and includes pressure-generating means for pressurizing fuel fraction in the pressure accumulator to the injection pressure.

Abstract: A control apparatus controls the opening and closing timings of the intake and exhaust valves and the fuel injection timing. When the water temperature of the engine is equal to or below a predetermined value, the exhaust valve closes before the top dead center, and the intake valve opens after the top dead center. At the same time, if the pressure inside the intake passage is equal to or below a predetermined value, the fuel injection is conducted during the intake process. Furthermore, the intake fuel injection timing is changed according to the rotational speed of the engine. In this manner, the vaporization of the injected fuel is promoted, and stability of the combustion is improved. Also the exhaust emission is improved, while the fuel consumption is reduced.

Abstract: Using a control coil having a high response characteristic suited to the valve opening and a hold coil suited to a hold to be held a large force by a small large current, during the valve opening time a high voltage is applied to the control coil suited to the valve opening and during a valve opening hold time a low and stabilized voltage is applied to the hold coil suite to the holding, and then a valve body driven. In a fuel injection apparatus, a drive manner during a valve opening time and a hold time is optimized.

Abstract: A air supplying structure for multi-cylinder engine comprising six pieces of high-pressure stage superchargers 51, six pieces of low-pressure stage superchargers 52, two pieces of inter coolers 63 arranged between the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage superchargers, and six pieces of after coolers 62 arranged between the high-pressure stage superchargers and cylinders, in which each high-pressure stage supercharger 51 is connected with three pieces of cylinders, each after cooler 62 is connected with each high-pressure stage supercharger 51, the two pieces of inter coolers 63 are arranged at opposite sides of the engine body 2 along the arranging direction of the cylinders, each inter cooler 63 is connected with three pieces of low-pressure stage superchargers 52, and these three pieces of the low-pressure stage superchargers 52 are connected to those three pieces of cylinders in the right bank and those six pieces of cylinders in the left bank, which cylinders are arranged near the associated inter

Abstract: In an engine igniter 1, when a spark-discharge duration time Tc calculated on the basis of operation conditions of an internal combustion engine has elapsed after generation of spark discharge by an ignition coil 13, an electricity-supply resumption circuit 51 is operated in order to resume supply of primary current i1 to a primary winding L1, to thereby interrupt the spark discharge. Further, a signal processing control circuit 23 performs electricity-supply-start timing delay control processing in order to delay the timing of supplying electricity to the primary winding L1 in accordance with the power source voltage, to thereby maintain the magnetic flux energy accumulated in the ignition coil 13 at a substantially constant level.

Abstract: This invention relates to one kind of ventilation system, with independent and modular components including a smoke extraction part, a joining component, a drying component, and a water tank that can be installed in a kitchen to constitute a smoke extractor. The system can be installed flexibly depending on the space and layout of the pre-existing kitchen, avoiding the waste of dismantling the original equipment and buying a whole set of smoke extractors. Therefore, with better industrial availability, this product can be installed in homes and restaurants.

Abstract: A method of combustion of a gaseous fuel in a heating appliance (1; 22) provided with at least one burner (15; 29; 34, 35, 36; 38), comprising mixing said gaseous fuel with a preestablished quantity of air to obtain an air-fuel mixture, supplying said mixture to the body of said at least one burner (15; 29; 34, 35, 36; 38), which is provided with a diffuser (19) on which openings (18) are made through which said mixture passes, causing the combustion of said mixture in order to generate flames (20; 32; 33; 34; 37; 42), the method further comprises irradiating heat towards said flames (20; 32; 33; 34; 37; 42) and a region directly surrounding said flames (20; 32; 33; 34; 37; 42).

Abstract: The invention describes a mouthpiece for an inhalation therapy unit wherein an aerosol for inhalation is prepared for a patient, said mouthpiece comprising a substantially tubular base (1), in the wall of which an orifice (2) is formed, and a flat, elastic valve member (3), which is adapted in dimension and shape to the orifice (2) for the closing thereof and which is secured to the mouthpiece in such a manner that during an inspiration process through the mouthpiece the orifice (2) is closed and during an expiration process directed into the mouthpiece the orifice (2) is opened. According to the invention, at least one enlarged contact surface (6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16) is provided at the orifice (2) for the accumulation and holding of an amount of liquid by adhesion.

Abstract: A device for dispensing medication in an aerosol form from an MDI which is activated by a source of compressed air which is pressurized by a compression piston in associate with a cocking lever which also acts as a mouthpiece cover wherein the device automatically discharges the medication upon inhalation on the mouthpiece. The device also has a detachable component for alternative use as a press and breathe type inhaler.

Abstract: This invention is an Anti-Fog Mask which is designed to prevent glasses from fogging due to the moist breath from the mouth and nose of the users of glasses in the winter, by a specially designed system that will closely contact the mask with the nose of the user. This particular mask is effective in preventing the moist breath coming out through the upper part of the mask, and its structure is simple and cheap to produce.

Abstract: A self-contained system which converts nitrous oxide to a breathable gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a portable system is disclosed wherein liquefied nitrous oxide is converted to a breathable gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. The decomposition occurs over a catalyst bed which is all contained in a small reactor. The invention is useful for underwater, fire fighting and outer space applications.

Abstract: CPAP treatment apparatus (10), as one form of positive pressure ventilatory assistance, is disclosed. A turbine/blower (14), operated by a mechanically coupled electrical motor (16), receives air or breathable gas at an inlet (18) thereof, and supplies the breathable gas at a delivery pressure to a delivery tube/hose (20) having connection at the other end thereof with a nose mask (12). A microcontroller (38) has an operational “Mask-Fit” mode. An initial constant pressure level is applied by the blower (14) to the mask (12). If the functional mode is a Manual mode, then the mask-fit test pressure is the current ‘set’ pressure. If the functional mode is the Automatic Titration mode, the mask-fit test pressure is the 95th percentile pressure of the previous session, otherwise it is the base treatment pressure, e.g. 10-12 cm H2O. This constant pressure is applied for a period of time, typically 1-3 minutes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blowing device, in particular for use in a respiration device for delivering a respiration gas. The blowing device according to the invention includes an impeller which is driven by way of a drive device and which delivers a respiration gas to an outflow passage. On the way into that outflow passage the gas being delivered flows over a flow breakaway step which together with a spirally enlarging peripheral wall deflects the gas as it flows immediately out of the radial impeller. The invention also relates to a CPAP-apparatus fitted with such a blowing device.

Abstract: In a method for adaptive triggering of respiratory phases in a breathing device, and a breathing device operating according to the method, first respiration indicator signal is determined based on at least one of the parameters flow and pressure, the respiration indicator signal is compared with a trigger requirement and a trigger signal is generated when the respiration indicator signal fulfils the trigger requirement. In order to shorten response times to respiration changes without losing stability, an excitable cell signal related to respiration is measured, and a second respiration indicator signal is determined based on the measured excitable cell signal, and the trigger requirement is adapted in relation to the second respiration indicator signal.