Abstract: A friction shoe is provided for use in a railway freight car truck. A freight car truck comprises two laterally spaced sideframes with a bolster extending transversely between said sideframes. The bolster has two ends each of which extends into an opening in each sideframe and is supported by a spring group in each sideframe opening. A friction shoe is provided in a sloped pocket between each bolster end and a vertical face of the sideframe. The friction shoes are themselves comprised of a sloped wall, a vertical rear wall extending from a lower part of the rear wall to a lower part of the sloped wall, and side support walls. The friction shoe provides damping for the bolster supported on each spring group. The friction shoe of the present invention also includes generally circular openings in the side support walls.

Abstract: A miniature garbage incinerator includes a base, a cover on the base, a pot shaped furnace at the center of the base to define an revolving space therearound, a helical pipe connected to the air revolving space and heat source in the bottom of the base for providing whirlpool flame around the furnace, a motor on the central top of the cover to actuate a stirring rod inside the incinerator, an inlet including a spiral propeller tube in a side wall of the cover for feeding the garbage and filthy mud into the furnace, a heat revolving pipe including a blower connected between a top of the cover and a lateral wall of the base, a chimney connected to a lateral wall opposite to the heat revolving pipe, a pressure adjustment valve on a top of the cover and an ashes collector under the chimney connected to the bottom of the furnace through an ashes spiral propeller tube. The miniature garbage incinerator can be used individually or combined with a filthy mud furnace and a heat stove.

Abstract: A grate trough forms the lower part of a grate element which has a plurality of fixed and a plurality of movable grate block rows. The grate block rows each include a plurality of grate blocks suspended next to one another on a block holding element and connected firmly to one another. The grate trough forms a carrying element for the block holding tubes of the fixed grate block rows and support for a movable grate carriage carrying the block holding elements of the movable grate block rows. The grate trough has two side walls and also a front and a rear frontal wall, the frontal walls being arranged at right angles to the side walls. The side walls and the frontal walls are provided at their junction with projections and recesses which engage one into the other, with the result that the walls are held in an exact position. The length and width of the grate trough remain constant, even after welding, since the walls cannot be displaced relative to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to sail battens comprising tubular batten rods (1) which meet each other in a loose manner and in which tubular inner rods (2) of the same length are arranged to span tubular inner rod joining areas and meet each other in a loose manner. The mutual transverse play (5) of said inner rods determines the arch. To this end an internal support line holds together the arched section and the longer fixed rear rod.

Abstract: A spinnaker pole control system for a sailboat comprises an improved rigging arrangement, whereby the pole can be raised or lowered parallel to the deck, or dipped to allow jibing, by manipulation of a single control line. Improved pole control hardware simplifies preparation for flying a spinnaker and securing it when finished, and can be employed as a line stopper elsewhere.

Abstract: A device that is adjustable along the length of a chain, which can serve both as a stopper and, because it includes an overcenter latch, as a tensioner to assure that the chain is taut.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing coatings from the hull of a ship using a steered magnet vehicle supported by the adhesion force only of a permanent magnet to the surface to be treated. Using an ultra-high pressure water jet system and method for removing coatings, paint, deposits, organic and inorganic from hulls without harming the substrate material and to provide a superior surface for the application of subsequent coatings.

Abstract: A boat hull represented in a high speed attitude relative to a water surface-has a generally monohull section. A forward keel portion is flattened to form a plank-like planing surface having a replaceable shoe including stability extensions. Main bodies of sponsons are configured with air dams or spray walls. The sponsons define outer walls of side tunnels. The hull form, inboard of the side tunnels, provides side planing surfaces that step down transversely to the keel planing surface. Front and rear portions of the sponsons are connected by the air dam or spray walls and bound side tunnels having side planks or planing surfaces disposed at their inner edge. A step in the keel is provided to define a tunnel disposed between two downwardly depending side walls. Across afterplanes an integrated undersurface has an outboard motor insertion space with a continuation of the recess upper surface and provides a lateral boundary of a space.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for providing a cautionary warning on water-going vessels. The method comprises the step of placing a plurality of reflective warning markers on at least one side of the vessel. These warning markers preferably comprise a front, reflective (that is, reflecting incident light) surface and a rear surface. The rear surface comprises an attachment mechanism adapted to attach to the surface of the side of the vessel. Preferably the attachment mechanism is coextensive with at least the perimeter of the front, reflective surface. The present invention also provides a removable informative marker. This marker comprises a resilient, front reflective surface and a resilient, back magnetic surface. The resilient back magnetic surface is preferably substantially coextensive with at least the perimeter of the resilient, front reflective surface to assist in assuring a firm attachment of the marker to a metallic surface.

Abstract: A thermal exposure monitor has a thermally-conductive housing adapted to be placed in close proximity to a product to be monitored and at least one thermally-responsive shape memory alloy member in the housing that has a first shape at temperatures below a critical temperature and a second shape at temperatures above the critical temperature and a transformation temperature range encompassing a prescribed detrimental temperature related to the product being monitored. An indicator associated with the thermally-responsive member is moved from an initial position as the thermally-responsive member changes from the first shape to the second shape so as to be visually observed through a window on the housing to visually indicate whether the product being monitored has been exposed to temperatures above the prescribed detrimental temperature for a period of time that would be detrimental to the product.

Abstract: With a method and a device for coating a continuously delivered, web-like sheet formation (2) a first layer (3) of a paste-like plastic is deposited in sections. A second layer (4) of powder-like thermoplastic plastic is subsequently flatly scattered on. The coated sheet formation (2) is subsequently subjected to thermal treatment. Before the thermal treatment, the powder (7) deposited between the sections of the first layer (3) is swirled up by an air jet (L) directed obliquely against the surface (6) of the sheet formation (2) and is simultaneously sucked off by a suction means (10).

Abstract: A method and device for milking an animal by using at least one milking machine (5) including at least one teatcup (3) having a teatcup liner (11) forming a space defined by a wall surface. The teatcup (3) is arranged to be applied to a teat in such a manner that the wall surface extends around and abuts the teat. The device includes a control unit arranged to control the application of the teatcup (3) in such a manner that an arbitrary portion of the wall surface abuts different teat portions during a first milking occasion with respect to an animal and during a later milking occasion with respect to this animal, respectively.

Abstract: A protecting device (2) for a teat localizer, comprising a housing (4) having side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall, and being adapted to accommodate a localizer comprising an illuminator (20) and a viewing element (22). One (14) of the walls comprises a transparent portion providing an unimpeded light beam path for the localizer (20,22). The housing is provided with moisture deposition-preventing element for preventing moisture deposition on at least the inside surface of the transparent wall portion (14). The moisture deposition-preventing element comprises a partition wall (26) in the housing at a distance from the inside surface of the transparent wall portion. This partition wall and at least parts of the housing walls together define within the housing a through-flow gas chamber (30) having a gas inlet (28,32) and a gas outlet (36) allowing a moisture-removing gas flow (F) to be maintained past and close to the inside surface by connecting the gas inlet supply (34) of scavenging gas.

Abstract: A portable livestock incubating device is provided formed of a rectangular container having and incubating volume forming an incubating chamber defined by the zone within the incubating volume. Each each end wall further includes an access door hingedly attached to an upper portion above a clean out door for providing ingress and egress of livestock. Each access door has an exhaust vent located at an upper portion whereby heated air, generated via an electric heater within said the incubating chamber exhausts therethrough. A base with wheels mounted thereon for facilitating transportation of the portable livestock incubating device.

Abstract: A chewable pet shelter. The shelter is used for a small animal and is formed of one or more panels of animal hide. The shelter has an open bottom circumference and the panels include at least one aperture for ingress and egress by the animal. The animal hide is preferably treated with a chemical flavoring that is appealing to the particular animal for which its use is intended.

Abstract: A pet carrier for attaching to the front of a bicycle comprises a housing having a substantially flat bottom, a side wall enclosure and an open top, and a support structure for supporting the housing and connecting the housing to a bicycle. The support structure has two hooks attached to a rear portion of the structure. The hooks are spaced so that each hook is placeable over one handlebar of a bicycle to support the pet carrier on the front of the bicycle. To further balance the pet carrier, there is a strut attached to a bottom portion of the support structure for resting on a head tube of the bicycle.

Abstract: There exists a wide variety of strains of fungi and bacteria that can cause allergic and sometimes fatal reactions to humans who are exposed to these strains. Many of these contaminant strains exist and grow in buildings, structures and transportation sources used by people in everyday routine situations. A device simulating one or more of the noxious contaminants is used to train dogs to detect these contaminants in varying situations. A non-intrusive method for training one or more dogs to detect contaminants in a building or other structure, using the device, is also provided. By using dogs trained by the method, trainers can then instruct these contaminant-detecting dogs to precisely and efficiently locate areas of active contamination for future remediation without damage to the site under investigation.

Abstract: A portable squeeze chute apparatus. The apparatus includes a chute having opposing sidewalls, an entrance end and an exit end. The sidewalls are selectively pivotable toward one another in order to inhibit lateral movement of an animal positioned in the chute. Movement of the sidewalls is actuated through a control chain which is connected to the sidewalls through a mechanical linkage. The control chain is selectively latched in position by a lock which is pivotally connected to the chute. The lock includes a tubular body through which the control chain passes. The tubular body includes a notch which selectively engages the control chain. A tailgate having interconnected door sections is mounted on the entrance end of the chute for selectively admitting an animal to the chute The tailgate and the sidewall squeezing mechanism include special mountings and bumpers which are adapted to reduce noise generated by operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Removal of combustion deposits from a fossil fuel boiler surface is optimized by using a sootblower to direct a cleaning medium in accordance with adjustable operating parameters against a surface of the boiler to remove accumulated deposits. Following the sootblowing operation, a parameter indicative of the extent of deposits remaining on the surface is measured to determine the efficiency of the sootblowing operation with the operating parameters used. If deposit removal is inadequate, at least one of the sootblower operating parameters is adjusted to increase its aggressiveness. If deposit removal is acceptable, at least one of the sootblower operating parameters in adjusted to decrease its aggressiveness, thereby reducing operating costs and/or the risk of damage to boiler surfaces. Additional steps of periodically measuring deposit accumulation and initiating a subsequent sootblowing operation when the deposit accumulation reaches a predetermined level can be included.

Abstract: A coolant system for a vehicle engine which may retrofitted if desired, the coolant system including a coolant flow circuit which in part includes passage means through an engine block of the vehicle engine and through a heat exchanger. The coolant system further includes a coolant pump which, when operated, causes coolant flow around the coolant flow circuit, the coolant pump being driven by an electric motor independently of the vehicle engine. The coolant system still further includes a coolant temperature sensor and controller means whereby pulsed voltage levels are supplied to the motor in response to differing coolant temperature levels being sensed by the coolant temperature sensor.

Abstract: A method of controlling operation of a portable, combustion-engined tool including a combustion chamber (1) an inlet/outlet valve (26) of which is closed or is opened dependent on an operational phase of the tool, with the method including igniting a fuel gas mixture filling the combustion chamber (1) for build-up of gas pressure therein and closing or opening the inlet/outlet valves (26) dependent on the gas pressure developed in the combustion chamber (1), and a tool in which the method is implemented.

Abstract: A method for recognizing misfires in a piston-type internal-combustion engine with spark ignition and an engine control unit (ECU) for actuating electromagnetic actuators to operate the cylinder valves. The time difference between the opening time preset by the engine control unit and the actual opening time of an exhaust valve is detected as the actual value, then compared to a preset tolerance-time difference as the nominal value, and a signal is generated if this nominal value is not met, i.e., the nominal value exceeds the actual value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston-type internal combustion engine comprising gas-exchange valves which can be driven in a completely variable manner by a motor control (2) and which communicate with an air supply channel (4) provided with a device (6) for generating a negative pressure using the energy components of the air flowing through said air supply channel (4). This device is provided with means that can be driven for adaptation to the modifications in the flow energy which are inherent to the operation, and communicates with at least one negative-pressure user (8, 9, 10) through at least one negative-pressure duct (7).

Abstract: A variable valve drive mechanism of an internal combustion engine is provided which includes a camshaft that is operatively connected to a crankshaft of the engine such that the camshaft is rotated by the crankshaft, a rotating cam provided on the camshaft, and an intermediate drive mechanism disposed between the camshaft and an intake or exhaust valve of the engine. The intermediate drive mechanism is supported rockably on a shaft that is different from the camshaft, and includes an input portion operable to be driven by the rotating cam of the camshaft, and an output portion operable to drive the valve when the input portion is driven by the rotating cam. The variable valve drive mechanism further includes an intermediate phase-difference varying device for varying a relative phase difference between the input portion and the output portion of the intermediate drive mechanism.

Abstract: A switchable, hydraulic support element (1) requiring only a small design space is proposed. For achieving this, a bore (16) for a slide (23) is arranged laterally of a pressure piston (10) of a hydraulic clearance compensation element (11) in the inner element (7) and is configured as a pocket bore. This dispenses with the stacked arrangement of the bore in the inner element and the clearance compensation element on top of each other as seen in prior art. At the same time, the slide (23) is installed in a housing (19) that extends in the cylinder head (5).

Abstract: A valve moving apparatus of an internal combustion engine has an intake camshaft with an intake variable cam piece for opening and closing an intake valve, and an exhaust camshaft with an exhaust variable cam piece for opening and closing an exhaust valve. Each variable cam piece has a low speed cam section and a high speed cam section and is movable axially relatively to the camshaft. A hydraulic driving mechanism is provided for moving the variable cam piece axially in accordance with engine operation condition. The driving mechanism has a driving piston and arms touching both sides of the variable cam piece. When valve operating characteristic of the intake valve or the exhaust valve is changed corresponding to engine operation condition, response is improved. The engine can be miniaturized.

Abstract: An engine has a valve drive arrangement that uses dead space within an outboard motor cowling. The engine has a first set of cylinders and a second set of cylinders. The first set of cylinders is offset from the second set of cylinders such that one is arranged closer to a first end of the engine that the other. The higher set of cylinders includes a set of cam shafts that are coupled at the end closer to the first end of the engine while the lower set of cylinders includes a set of cam shafts that are coupled at the end farther from the first end of the engine. A drive arrangement connects the two sets of cam shafts to the crankshaft.

Abstract: A rocker arm, which opens and closes a valve when tilted by a cam and is provided on a cylinder head, has a body made of sheet metal. The body is constituted in such a manner that one metal plate blank is bent into a substantially U shape so that a pair of opposed side walls and connecting walls for connecting the side walls are provided. A convex valve fitting section is provided on the connecting walls of the body by press working including a non-uniform cross section process producing plastic flow of material.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes at least one combustion chamber formed by at least a first member and a second member that moves relative to the first member. The second member is coupled to an output shaft such that movement of the second member causes the output shaft to rotate. A fuel injection system includes a fuel injector that supplies fuel to the combustion chamber and a fuel pump that supplies fuel to the fuel injector. The fuel injector includes an actuator to regulate an amount of fuel injected by the fuel injector. A main switch has an on position and an off position. A fuel control system includes a controller, which is operatively connected to the actuator, and a sensor, which is arranged to detect rotation of the output shaft. The sensor is adapted to produce a signal that is indicative of rotation of the output shaft and is operatively connected to the controller.

Abstract: A suction system for supplying an internal combustion engine with combustion air, especially in an automobile. The suction system includes at least one separate air collector from which individual suction pipes each lead to the air inlets of the respective cylinders of the internal combustion engine. The suction pipes are configured as ram tubes for the top speed areas of the internal combustion engine. At least one compensation flap is located in the air collector. When closed, the compensation flap divides the air collector to provide a long pre-suction section and when open, instead of a long pre-suction section provides an air collector with an increased volume.

Abstract: A piston for a two-stroke direct fuel injection internal combustion engine coupled to drive a marine propulsion unit is provided. The piston has a generally cylindrical body with one or more grooves formed therein. Each groove defines an opening to receive a respective piston ring. A thermal-protection coating is applied by anodizing the interior of the grooves. The respective region of the piston cylindrical body surrounding the respective groove openings is free of the coating.

Abstract: Periodic shutdown of the internal combustion engine (12) during operation of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is achieved by shutdown of a vapor management valve (VMV) of the engine evaporative emission control system and an EGR valve (150) of the tailpipe emission control system at the time an engine shutdown command is provided to a controlled engine shutdown routine that, after closing of the VMV and EGR valves, then commands disabling of the engine fuel injectors (160) in a manner to stop engine operation.

Abstract: There is provided a control system for an internal combustion engine which controls the operation of the engine such that the combustion mode of the engine is switched between a stratified combustion mode and a homogeneous combustion mode, and torque generated by the engines is controlled based on a desired torque. The control system has an ECU which calculates a required torque based on results of detection by a crack angle position sensor and an accelerator pedal sensor, and determines a combustion mode according to the required torque. Further, the ECU smoothes the required torque in dependence on the combustion mode, to thereby calculate a smoothed required torque. Then, ECU sets the desired torque based on the smoothed required torque.

Abstract: In a compression self-ignition gasoline internal combustion engine, a fuel injector through which a gasoline fuel is injected uninterruptedly within a combustion chamber of an engine cylinder is provided, a mixture of air and gasoline fuel within the combustion chamber is self-ignited through a compression action of a piston, an intake valve an open timing of the intake valve is set to a mid-way point through a suction stroke of the piston, a closure timing of an exhaust valve is set to a mid-way point through an exhaust stroke thereof, and gasoline fuel injection timing and quantity per combustion cycle injected through the fuel injector is controlled in such a manner that a first gasoline fuel injection is set during a minus valve overlap time interval during which both of exhaust and intake valves are closed and a second gasoline fuel injection is set during at least one of the suction stroke and the subsequent compression stroke.

Abstract: A fuel injector of the outwardly opening type comprising a nozzle body provided with a first bore, a valve needle slidable within the bore and engageable with a seating to control the supply of fuel from the bore, first and second control chambers for receiving fuel under pressure and a control valve arrangement for controlling the fuel pressure within the first and second control chambers. The valve needle is moveable in response to a change in fuel pressure in at least one of the first and second control chambers.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine equipped with a pair of intake ports for each cylinder and capable of controlling a quantity of air entering the engine by controlling an intake valve open timing and an intake valve closure timing of each of a pair of intake valves located in the respective intake ports, a two-intake-valve operating mode is used in a high-load, high-speed operating range, whereas a one-intake-valve operating mode is used in predetermined low- and mid-load, low- and mid-speed operating ranges to create a great gas flow within the cylinder. A fuel injector is located in a first one of the intake ports to allow air flow through the first intake port over all operating ranges.

Abstract: A controller for, and method of, load governing a compression ignition engine. Various data is processed to develop fueling data for accomplishing governed fueling of the engine. The processing includes processing accelerator pedal position data corresponding to the position of an accelerator pedal and engine load data corresponding to the load on the engine to develop engine speed setpoint data according to a function generator containing engine speed setpoint data in correlation with accelerator pedal position data and engine load data to accomplish load governing of the engine in consequence of further processing of the developed engine speed setpoint data. The developed engine speed setpoint data and actual engine speed data are processed by a governor PID to develop the fueling data.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine is disclosed that improves drivability by always stabilizing combustion. A combustion state is detected based on an engine speed fluctuation every cylinder, and whether combustion is stable is determined. When combustion is stable, whether the condition of executing fuel stability deteriorating operation is satisfied is determined. When combustion is unstable or the condition of executing the fuel stability deteriorating operation is satisfied, a control item adapted to current operating state is selected from control items of ignition timing, ignition method, in-cylinder flow velocity, EGR rate, and air-fuel ratio, and a control is performed so that the combustion velocity and the combustion pressure are stabilized. In the ignition control method, a spark is made a plurality of times by a spark plug. In the control of the in-cylinder flow velocity, a gas flow velocity in a cylinder is increased by strengthening a swirl flow.

Abstract: A method of controlling generation of nitrogen oxides in an internal combustion engine is provided with the steps of: combusting a fuel and air mixture within a combustion cylinder; determining a pressure in the combustion cylinder and a position of a piston within the combustion cylinder; calculating an amount of nitrogen oxides generated with the combusting step, dependent upon the determining step; storing a history of the calculated amount of nitrogen oxides in a memory device; and controlling an output action, dependent upon the calculated amount of nitrogen oxides, the stored history of nitrogen oxides and a threshold value of the nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A system and method for determining control parameters for an engine include modifying a first engine torque based on estimated losses associated with a previously determined desired engine load to determine a second engine torque, modifying the second engine torque based on a desired ignition angle and air/fuel ratio to determine a third engine torque, determining a desired engine load based on the third engine torque, and converting the desired engine load to at least one engine control parameter. The invention recognizes that the transformation between torque and airflow is an affine transformation rather than a linear transformation. The present invention also recognizes the significant interrelations between various engine control parameters such as air/fuel ratio and ignition timing by determining control parameters after the desired torque has been fully compensated for losses and using a single function to account for air/fuel ratio and ignition angle excursions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automatically generating smoothed characteristic diagrams for electronic engine controls of internal combustion piston engines. The invention is characterized in that the adjustment variable combination of the individual successive operating points are input by means of a motor control to a reference internal combustion piston engine by entering specified values of the boundary conditions for the operation of an internal combustion piston engine. According to the invention, the reference internal combustion piston engine is operated in this operating point, and the actual values and/or boundary conditions occurring during the same are acquired and compared with the specified values of the boundary conditions in an optimization system assigned to the engine control and, in the instance of variations, the adjustment variable combinations are optimally altered in a progressive manner by the optimization system.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated fuel injector has an injector body including a barrel and defining a nozzle chamber, a needle control chamber, and a nozzle outlet that opens to the nozzle chamber. The injector body further includes an actuation fluid inlet and an actuation fluid drain. A barrel defines an actuation fluid cavity and a piston bore, which includes an upper bore and a lower bore. Fuel is hydraulically pressurized in the nozzle chamber. A piston with a stepped top slides in the piston bore and moves in between a retracted position and an advanced position. A needle valve member in the nozzle chamber moves between an open position and a closed position. The needle valve member includes a closing hydraulic surface exposed to pressure in the needle control chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injector, especially an injector for fuel-injection systems of internal combustion engines, includes a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator arranged in an actuator space of a valve housing of the fuel injector, the actuator space being sealed from a fuel by a seal. A valve-closure member, which can be actuated by the actuator and interacts with a valve seat to form a sealed seat, assumes the actual valve operation. The seal has a sealing member and a sealing element. The sealing element is joined to the sealing member by a first circumferential welded seam, is elastically deformable and band-shaped, and is joined to the valve housing by a second circumferential welded seam.

Abstract: In a fuel delivery unit for a motor vehicle, having a delivery pump which has a preliminary stage and a main stage, an outlet channel of the preliminary stage is guided radially outward and configured such that it rises upward. An inlet channel of the main stage is guided laterally past the preliminary stage. In accordance with this design, impellers of the delivery pump can be arranged particularly low down and gas bubbles are guided away out of the preliminary stage in a very simple manner.

Abstract: A device for pumping fuel out of a reservoir (10) to the internal combustion engine (12) of a motor vehicle has a jet pump (24), which pumps fuel, returning in a return line (22) from the engine (12), into a reserve container (14) of a fuel pumping unit (16) along with fuel located in the reservoir (10). According to the invention, an intake window (36) is provided, which is located above the propellant stream (38) of the jet pump (24), so that a storage chamber (46) for fuel returning from the reserve container (14) is embodied.

Abstract: An evaporative emission control system is provided which includes an upper valve casing defining a vent conduit, a lower valve casing disposed under the upper valve casing, and a float disposed within the lower valve casing. The float is vertically movable depending upon a liquid level of fuel in a fuel tank, and includes a valve portion that faces the upper valve casing. A valve port formed between the upper valve casing and the lower valve casing is opened and closed by the valve portion of the float. The upper valve casing defines a space between the vent conduit and the valve port. A flow restricting device is disposed in the space of the upper valve casing so as to obstruct flow of fuel from the valve port to the vent conduit.

Abstract: In order to make a fuel in a vapor phase from a fuel tank to be easily liquefied in a liquid trap, reduce an amount of a gasoline vapor entering from the liquid trap to a diffusion of a canister and extend a service life of an activated carbon, in accordance with a canister for an evaporated fuel treatment apparatus, a fuel in a vapor phase from a fuel tank (24) enters into a liquid trap (21A) from an evaporated fuel passage (23) via a tank port (13A). Since an inner diameter of a canister communication port (22A) is small, an invasion of a gasoline vapor from the liquid trap (21A) to a first diffusion (12) is restricted, so that a liquefaction in the liquid trap (21A) is promoted. When the fuel tank (24) is cooled and an internal pressure of the tank becomes a negative pressure, a fuel in a liquid phase in the liquid trap (21A) flows backward so as to prevent a lot of fuel in a liquid phase from being collected within the liquid trap (21A).

Abstract: A method of recycling exhaust gas of a multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine with an exhaust turbocharger operates without EGR flutter valves and also reduces the amount of designed complexity for the entire EGR design. Exhaust gas recycling is only permitted in the system during certain phases of operation of the internal combustion engine. Only the exhaust gas expelled from one cylinder of a cylinder row is completely or partially recycled at a preset exhaust gas recycling rate via the exhaust gas recycling duct to the blowing air manifold duct, while such exhaust gas recycling is prevented between such exhaust gas recycling phases of operation. The exhaust gas expelled from the cylinder or cylinders is also fed to the exhaust gas turbocharger via the gas manifold duct.

Abstract: An air-exhaust mixer assembly includes an air intake to supply air and an exhaust gas intake to supply exhaust gas. A mixer is fluidly coupled to the air intake and the exhaust gas intake. The mixer has an inner passage and an outer passage defined therein along a longitudinal axis. The inner passage and the outer passage are adapted to mix the air and the exhaust gas by expanding the air and the exhaust gas in radially opposite directions with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for a distributorless ignition system which responds to an ignition signal pulse train which is related to the compression and exhaust strokes of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes at least one ignition coil having a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a core, wherein the primary winding and the secondary winding are wrapped about the core, and the primary winding has a first end and a second end; a pair of spark plugs for each ignition coil, wherein the spark plugs are connected between opposite ends of the secondary winding and electrical ground; and a circuit connected to the first end and the second end of the primary winding for directing electrical current through the primary winding in an opposite direction during each successive ignition signal pulse such that the spark plugs simultaneously fire after each ignition signal pulse.