Abstract: A fire-resistant container having a full gasket at the interface between hinged top and bottom mating elements. The elements are insulated and are formed with matable labyrinthine edges. One of the edges is provided with a smooth, soft gasket disposed in a groove in the labyrinth which forms a seal against a corresponding rib in the opposing edge. The elements are joined along common sides by a hinge, the rotational axis of which is positioned in space relative to the gasket and rib such that, in closing of the container, the gasket engages the rib at all points substantially simultaneously. The hinged elements are secured by over-center latching means such that when the container is fully closed the rib exerts a small and substantially uniform force against the gasket to form a seal against fire and water.

Abstract: A fill door for use on the angled surfaces of furnace shells and chemical containers. The door (16) is pivotally coupled to a door frame (18) integral with the angled surface and includes a rim (26) that mates with a female channel (28) in the door (16). A U-shaped latch is pivotally connected to the frame (18) and includes a threaded spindle operatively connected to a crank. The surface of the door (16) includes a female sleeve having a bore for accommodating the end of the spindle when the latch is over the door (16) and the spindle is tightened into its closed and locked position. The door (16) further includes a cantilevered arm having an angled bore which allows it to swivel around a substantially vertical cylindrical post connected to frame. The arm and door swing in a substantially horizontal plane around the axis of the post.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for cleaning, airflow control and where appropriate pushing away melt in air ports of recovery boilers within the paper and pulp industry. By inclining the regulating device (10) at an angle to the horizontal plane and at the same time making the piston of the regulating device run in contact with the side and upper walls (24a, 24b) and, respectively, (22) of the air port, optimum airflow control and a more compact installation can be achieved. The airflow can be adjusted more rapidly with a small regulating movement at the same time as very good penetration of the air into the furnace (4) is achieved. The regulating device is allowed to penetrate into and down into the furnace so that the regulating device can push away any melt/slag in the event of a high level of melt (3) in front of the opening (30) of the air port into the furnace (4).

Abstract: A system and method are set for pyrolysis of waste feed material including a first retort segment disposed through a combustion chamber and a second retort segment disposed outside of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber supplies the heat for pyrolysis to the material conveyed through the first retort segment, which pyrolysis is completed as it is conveyed through the second retort segment. A thermal oxidizer oxidizes off gases and a stack unit provides a draft to move the gases from pyrolysis from the retort segments and through the thermal oxidizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for gasifying and/or melting feed materials, comprising the following: a delivery section (1) by which means the feed materials are introduced; a pyrolysis section (8), which adjoins the preceding section, hereby expanding the cross-section; gas supply means (10) which open into the pyrolysis section (8) approximately at the level of the expanded cross-section and by which means hot gases are supplied to a discharge cone (9); a melting and overheating section (14) which adjoins the pyrolysis section (8); upper feeding-in means (15) for introducing a medium that is rich in energy into the melting and overheating section (14); a reduction section (20) comprising gas extraction means (21), by which means excess gases are extracted; a hearth (25) which is situated beneath the reduction section (20), for collecting and diverting molten metals and slag; and lower feeding-in means (26), by which means a medium that is rich in energy is introduced directly above the melts and below

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of regulating a roasting furnace in fluidized bed roasting. Part of the roasting furnace grate is separated off into a separate grate section, known as the overflow grate, where the nozzles and the amount of roasting gas blown through them can be regulated independently of the main grate. It is advantageous to position the separately regulated grate in the section of the furnace where the overflow aperture is located.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a refuse incineration plant and to a regulating system, in which, after the fire has been fanned, the generation of heat is made more uniform by regulating at least one of the operating parameters refuse metering, residence time on a grate, quantitative supply of primary air and quantitative preheating of primary air. To match the operating parameters to a varying calorific value of the refuse, the calorific value of the refuse is recorded as well as the standard regulating variables and is used to adapt the regulating means. The measure used for the calorific value is, for example, the moisture content of the flue gas generated during the incineration. Consequently, there is no need for the operator to estimate the calorific value and manually adapt the operating parameters accordingly.

Abstract: There are provided an upper shaft clutch mechanism 140, a bobbin 22 including a slit 39, a horizontal holder 4 including an inner holder 18 and a blade tip 42, a bobbin driving member 11, bobbin driving member moving means 94 for moving the bobbin driving member 11 to freely advance or retreat between two positions having a separating position and a connecting position, a thread holding and catching member 48 including an upper thread holding portion 59, an upper thread engaging portion 60 and a thread position regulating portion 58 which are always set in a retreat position and are set in an entry position during a thread winding operation, thread holding and catching member moving means 53 for moving the thread holding and catching member 48 to freely advance or retreat between two positions having a retreat position and an entry position, and a thread winding operation control portion 193 for controlling the operation of each portion during the thread winding operation.

Abstract: The present invention is a vessel floatation aid for vessels of the type including a water line and laterally spaced gunwales. The floatation aid includes an inflatable bladder including an outer membrane attached to a backer strap and the space there between defining said inflatable portion, such that said backer strap and outer membrane together oriented along said longitudinal direction for temporarily providing increased buoyancy; and including upper tabs and lower tabs connected to a backer strap, said tabs adapted for receiving cords for temporarily lashing said floatation aid to a vessel for releasably and temporarily attaching said buoyancy means below and adjacent a gunwale of a vessel, and proximate a waterline.

Abstract: A towrope retriever system for a watercraft for simplifying and improving the safety of the towrope handling, storage, reeling out, and reeling in of a towrope, in which the towrope retriever is connected to or integrated into a support unit such as a tower or pylon securely attached to the watercraft, substantially increasing the overall height of the watercraft, and allowing the performer to jump higher and perform more challenging aerial maneuvers, is disclosed. The towrope retriever may be rotatable to allow the performer a greater flexibility of movement and may be easily removed for storage.

Abstract: A two-piece boat cover for use with open fishing boats as well as boats with a single console or double console is described.

Abstract: An apparatus (12) for supporting a flag comprising a housing (26) having an opening (24) in a side face. A passage (30) extends trough housing (26). The housing (28) has a lower tubular part (40) that is mounted to the top of a flagpole (10). A cable (16) is attached to an arm (14). The cable extends from a winch (22) up through the flagpole and through the passage (30) in the housing (26). The cable is attached to the arm (14). In order to attach a flag to arm (14), winch (22) is operated to extend cable (16) and to lower arm (14) to the ground. Once a flag is attached to arm (14), the winch (22) is operated to retract the cable (16). This draws the arm (14) into the housing (26). Continued retraction of the cable (16) results in the arm (14) adopting an essentially horizontal position. The apparatus may rotate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating ultra-thin single-crystal metal oxide wave retarder plates, such as a zeroth-order X-cut single-crystal LiNbO3 half-wave plate, comprises ion implanting a bulk birefringent metal oxide crystal at normal incidence through a planar major surface thereof to form a damage layer at a predetermined distance d below the planar major surface, and detaching a single-crystal wave retarder plate from the bulk crystal by either chemically etching away the damage layer or by subjecting the bulk crystal having the damage layer to a rapid temperature increase to effect thermally induced snap-off detachment of the wave retarder plate. The detached wave retarder plate has a predetermined thickness d dependent on the ion implantation energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for growing a single crystal by the Czochralski method, wherein a single crystal is grown with forced cooling of neighborhood of a crystal growth interface by disposing a cooling cylinder formed of copper or a metal having a heat conductivity larger than that of copper at least in the vicinity of the crystal growth interface so as to surround the single crystal under pulling and circulating a cooling medium in the cooling cylinder. Thus, there are provided a method and apparatus for growing a single crystal, which can exert cooling effect on a growing single crystal to the maximum extent so as to realize higher crystal growth rate, even when a silicon single crystal having a diameter of 300 mm or more is grown.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of growing semiconductor epitaxial layers on a substrate comprising the steps of

Abstract: A crystallization tray includes a plurality of crystallization cells, each cell having a reservoir adapted to receive an equilibrating solution, a shelf located adjacent to the reservoir and adapted for use as a temporary cryogenic holding area for a crystallized substance and/or a sample holding area, and a sample drop receptacle carried by the shelf and adapted to receive a sample drop including a crystallizable substance. A related method for forming macromolecular crystals includes dispensing an equilibrating solution in the reservoirs, dispensing a plurality of macromolecular solution droplets in the sample drop receptacles, covering the cells with a cover; and crystallizing the crystallizable substance by vapor diffusion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing carbon nanocoils that uses a reactor, including the steps of: heating an interior of the reactor, causing a hydrocarbon gas to flow in the reactor, dispersing an indium/tin/iron-based catalyst in a form of particles in the hydrocarbon gas, and allowing carbon nanocoils to grow on a surface of the catalyst while decomposing the hydrocarbon near the catalyst. The method can be comprised of the steps of: disposing a rotor inside a reactor, heating an area near the peripheral surface of the rotor, causing a hydrocarbon gas to flow in the reactor, coating a part of the peripheral surface of the rotor with an indium/tin/iron-based catalyst that is in a form of particles, allowing carbon nanocoils to grow on a surface of the catalyst coated on the rotating rotor, and collecting carbon nanocoils, which are grown during a rotation of the rotor, from the rotor.

Abstract: An epitaxial semiconductor wafer having a wafer substrate made of semiconductor single crystal, an epitaxial layer deposited on a top surface of said wafer substrate and a polysilicon layer deposited on a back surface of said wafer substrate. The semiconductor single crystal is exposed in a region defined within a distance of at least 50 &mgr;m from a ridge line as a center, which is defined as an intersection line between said back surface and a bevel face interconnecting said top surface and said back surface of said wafer substrate. The polysilicon layer is 1.0 to 2.0 &mgr;m thick. The epitaxial layer is 1.0 to 20 &mgr;m thick. The wafer substrate is a silicon single crystal.

Abstract: A thick GaN layer is grown on sapphire through an Au layer at a temperature lower than the melting point of 1064° C. of the Au layer, and temperature of a sample is raised to reach and exceed the melting point of the Au layer so that the Au layer is dissolved. In this state, the sapphire and GaN layer are separated from each other.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: A first pressure generating chamber, which is sealed by a first elastic plate mounted with a first piezoelectric element at one surface, and a second pressure generating chamber, which is sealed by a second elastic plate mounted with a second piezoelectric element at one surface are formed in a casing. The second pressure generating chamber is formed with an opening which is a discharge port. A mixture is discharged from the discharge port. A nozzle formed with an opening jets gas toward a substrate surface, and is provided in the vicinity of the discharge port of the ink head.

Abstract: Disclosed is a glueing device for adhesive bookbinding of a page stack (A) to a cover sheet (B), which comprises a housing (65) for containing hot melt adhesive (61′) in a molten state; a coating roller (64) with a periphery, at least a part of which is immersed in the molten adhesive in the housing, having an axial length substantially greater than a lengthwise size of the back surface of the page stack. The coating roller is rotatable about a shaft extending substantially in alignment with a center of thickness of the page stack.

Abstract: The assembly includes a moving web drawn in a first direction and a spreading apparatus evenly distributing solid particles onto the moving web. The spreading apparatus includes a rotating disk having an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface is adapted to distribute solid particles outwardly as the solid particles strike the upper surface of the rotating disk. The spreading apparatus further includes a baffle positioned about the rotating disk. The baffle includes a first diameter and a second diameter wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter, and the first diameter is oriented perpendicular to the first direction in which the web is moving and the second diameter is oriented parallel to the first direction in which the web is moving. The spreading apparatus also includes a feed assembly positioned above the rotating disk so as to provide a predetermined supply of solid particles to the upper surface of the rotating disk.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for dispensing materials onto a substrate. In one embodiment, a dispensing system includes a controller, a vacuum source in electrical communication with the controller, the vacuum source applying a vacuum to at least a portion of the substrate in response to an instruction from the controller, an injector in electrical communication with the controller, the injector comprising a valve in communication with a pressure source and a material port in communication with a material source, the valve permitting material from the material source to be dispensed onto a substrate in accordance with an instruction from the controller. In one embodiment, the dispensing system also includes a trap in communication with the vacuum source, where the trap substantially prevents excessive material dispensed by the injector from contacting the vacuum source.

Abstract: A method of producing an electron-emitting device includes the steps of forming a pair of electrodes and an electrically-conductive thin film on a substrate in such a manner that the pair of electrodes are in contact with the electrically-conductive thin film and forming an electron emission region using the electrically-conductive thin film, wherein the method is characterized in that a solution containing a metal element is supplied in a droplet form onto the substrate thereby forming the electrically-conductive thin film.

Abstract: There is provided a film formation apparatus for forming an organic compound film including a plurality of functional regions. A plurality of evaporation sources (203a to 203c) are included in a film formation chamber (210), functional regions made of respective organic compounds are successively formed, and a mixed region can be further formed in an interface between the functional regions. Also, when means for applying energy to an organic compound molecule to be formed into a film in a molecular activation region (213) is provided in such a film formation chamber, a dense film can be formed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for environmental exchange control for a polymer on a wafer surface. An apparatus for controlling an exchange between an environment and a polymer on a surface of a wafer located in the environment includes: a chamber adapted to hold the wafer, define the environment, and maintain the polymer in an adjacent relationship with the environment; and a heater coupled to the chamber.

Abstract: In an apparatus for coating a substrate by means of a chemical gas phase separation process, the arrangement of the filaments (5, 17, 26) at least partially surrounding the substrate to be coated is not merely two-dimensional but three-dimensional in respect of the substrate.

Abstract: A vertical type chemical vapor deposition apparatus includes a process chamber having a cylindrical inner tube and a cap shaped outer tube surrounding and apart from the inner tube. A manifold is coupled with lower portions of the inner and outer tubes, and has a lower portion tapered at an inclination angle. A heater is provided at an outer side of the outer tube for heating the process chamber. A boat is movable into and out of the process chamber through the manifold, as driven by an elevator. The boat is vertically loaded with wafers. A cap is fixed to the elevator at a lower portion of the boat, and has a portion contactable with the manifold that is tapered at a same inclination angle as the lower portion of the manifold. An O-ring is inserted into the portion of the cap contactable with the manifold.

Abstract: Generally, an electrostatic chuck having a dielectric coating is provided. In one embodiment, an electrostatic chuck includes a support surface, a mounting surface disposed opposite the support surface and at least one side separating the support surface and the mounting surface which defines a support body. One or more conductive members are disposed within the support body to generate an electrostatic attraction between the body and a substrate disposed thereon. A dielectric coating is disposed on the mounting surface of the support body to minimize undesired current leakage therethrough. Optionally, the dielectric coating may be additionally disposed on one or more of the sides and/or the support surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating nematodes from an aqueous suspension is provided.

Abstract: A birdfeeder having a base and a cage or openwork attached to the base. The openwork having a plurality of substantially longitudinal members attached to the base and arranged radially about a central axis. A feed container releasably coupled to the base is positioned interior the openwork and spaced-apart therefrom. At least two of the longitudinal members are spaced-apart one from the other such that certain birds can enter the openwork and access the feed container. The openwork can include a plurality of substantially horizontal members wherein at least two of the horizontal members are spaced-apart one from the other to allow certain birds to enter the openwork. The feed container being releasably coupled to the base allows the feed container to be easily removed from the openwork. The feed container can extend through an opening in the openwork for accessing the feed container exterior the openwork.

Abstract: A device and a method for continuous high-pressure treatment; the method, comprising the steps of increasing the pressure of raw material (25) in a feed tank (9) by a pressurizing pump (1) so as to continuously feed the raw material to treatment containers (6) and (6a) and increasing the flow rate of the pressurizing pump (1 ) over that of a depressurizing pump (2) or continuously exhausting the raw material from the treatment containers (6) and (6a) through a pressure regulating flow path resistance (59) while depressurizing; the device, comprising pressure releasing bypass circuits (55) disposed in the flow path resistance (59) in parallel with each other, wherein the insides of the treatment containers (6) and (6a) are kept in a specified high-pressure state during the continuous processing.

Abstract: A pet blanket providing anti-flea properties is disclosed. The blanket is formed of an upper, permeable layer and a lower, impermeable layer, which together form a closeable pocket for receiving an insert that is impregnated with one or more anti-flea agents. As a pet reclines on the upper, permeable layer, the anti-flea agent(s) diffuse from the insert, through the permeable layer and onto the supine animal.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder (10; 50) with a movable piston (11; 52) in it, which cylinder at its one end has a combustion chamber (16: 51) and at its other end is connected to a crankcase (15; 53). The crankcase and the combustion chamber are mutually connected via a scavenging duct (17; 56), whose opening and closing is controlled by the movement of the piston, and a carburetor (20; 55) is via an inlet port (21) connected to the crankcase. In order to simplify starting the engine it is provided with a device (23-26; 61-65; 70-72) for supply of fuel to the scavenging duct (17; 56) adjacent the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Several embodiments of anti-rotation devices for precluding rotation of the valve actuating lifters or tappet bodies caused by the action of the cam lobe on the engaged surface of the lifter. In each embodiment, the anti-rotation function is achieved without adding to the reciprocating masses of the engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve actuation comprises the steps of communicating at least one dithering signal to preload the valve. An event signal is then communicated. The dithering signal is altered based on the cycle time for the valve. The preferred application is for camless engine valve control.

Abstract: A method of assembling a cylinder head assembly (11) for use with a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine. The method involves providing a cylinder head slab (17) defining a pattern of intake (21) and exhaust (23) poppet valves. The head slab is provided with a plurality of bolt holes (37) defining a bolt hole pattern. Next, a plurality A and B of valve activation modules, selected from a group of possible modules (15; 101; 201; 301) is provided, each defining a plurality of bolt holes (63; 109) which correspond with at least a major portion of the bolt holes (37) in the bolt hole pattern. The next step is selecting one module (15; 101; 201; 301) and bolting it to the cylinder head slab (17).

Abstract: A valve pause mechanism of a four-stroke internal combustion engine includes a valve pause mechanism. A valve lifter fitted between a valve cam and a valve stem of a poppet valve is always pressed in a direction in which the valve lifter contacts the valve cam with a lifter spring. However, a slide pin is fitted into a slide pin holder fitted in the valve lifter so that a slide pin can slide in a direction perpendicular to the valve stem. A stem working face in contact with the valve stem of the poppet valve and a stem through hole that the valve stem pierces are both adjacently formed in the slide pin and a slide pin driving mechanism. The slide pin driving mechanism selectively makes the stem working face and the stem through hole face the valve stem by moving the slide pin. A side of the slide pin at the back of the stem working face is chamfered across the stem through hole.

Abstract: In a variable valve event and lift mechanism that rotates a control shaft by a motor to successively vary a valve event and a valve lift amount of engine valves, a VEL control unit integrally provided with an angle sensor that detects a rotation angle of the control shaft, is disposed and a signal of a target rotation angle of the control shaft is output to the VEL control unit from an engine control unit, so that the VEL control unit feedback controls the motor.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus includes a relative rotation control mechanism and a fluid pressure passage. The relative rotation control mechanism restrains a relative rotation between a rotor and a housing at an intermediate phase position between the most advanced angle phase position and the most retarded angle phase position. The fluid pressure passage includes a first fluid path for supplying the fluid to the relative rotation control mechanism and for draining the fluid therefrom and a second fluid path for supplying the fluid to an advance angle chamber and a retard angle chamber and for draining the fluid therefrom. The first fluid path is defined independently of the second fluid path.

Abstract: An adjustable camshaft sprocket assembly for attachment to a camshaft. A camshaft sprocket is removably securable to a camshaft sprocket hub and moveable, independent of the camshaft sprocket hub when the camshaft sprocket assembly is mounted on the camshaft. An adjustment tool is used to adjust the camshaft sprocket comprising at least two extensions. The first extension is of a size to fit within one a corresponding opening in the camshaft hub. The second extension is of a size to pass though a different corresponding opening in the camshaft hub and fit within a corresponding opening in the camshaft sprocket. A handle extension is used for turning the adjustment tool about the second extension, which serves as a pivot.

Abstract: A rocker arm assembly for a valve train includes a hydraulic lash adjuster for accommodating slack in the valve train. There is also a lost-motion connection preferably between the axle of a roller which is operated upon by a cam and the rocker arm itself. Excessive expansion of the lash adjuster will not prevent closing of the valve because the closing movement is accommodated by the lost-motion connection. A spring is provided to maintain the lost-motion connection despite the tendency of the hydraulic lash adjuster to expand. Greater tolerance in the cam base circle radius is allowed, permitting the use of net-shaped cams.

Abstract: In a glow plug energization controlling device which, not only at a time of starting but also at a time of driving, controls energization of a glow plug used in a preheating apparatus of a diesel engine, making it possible to utilize even low-cost, mass-produced products as the glow plug, and making it suffice not to switch the way of connection of the glow plug at the time of starting and at the time of driving.

Abstract: A piston is disclosed, for use in an internal combustion engine, including an insulating guide formed therein for receiving an electrode. The electrode has a body, and at least one spark lead coupled to the body for inserting into a channel formed in the insulating guide. Electrical power is supplied to the electrode by a power plug inserted through a power plug opening in the wall of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. When electric power is supplied to the power plug a first electrical arc is generated between the power plug and the body of the electrode, and a second electrical arc is generated between the tip of each one of the spark leads and an associated arc insert disposed in the piston adjacent the end of the insulating guide. Optionally the electrode is insertable and removable from the piston through the power plug opening.

Abstract: In a negative pressure actuator which is provided with a negative pressure tank storing an intake negative pressure of an engine, and operated by a negative pressure stored in said negative pressure tank as a power source, an operating possible time of the negative pressure actuator is calculated based on an intake negative pressure, the operation of the negative pressure actuator is permitted when it is within the operating possible time, while the operation of the negative pressure actuator is prohibited when it is over the operating possible time.

Abstract: An intake manifold made of a synthetic resin includes a surge tank, and a plurality of intake pipes disposed in parallel to one another and each having a rising pipe portion which is connected to a lower portion of the surge tank and extends upwards. A space is defined between the surge tank and each of the rising pipe portions, as viewed sideways. In order to enable an increase in volume of the surge tank, while avoiding an increase in size of the intake manifold, the surge tank (20) includes a main tank portion (20a) extending in a direction (28) of arrangement of the intake pipes (21A to 21D) and opposed to the rising pipe portions (29A to 29D) of the intake pipes (21A to 21D), and a sideways-bulged portion (20b) which is bulged from an intermediate portion of the main tank portion (20a) as viewed in the arrangement direction (28) and is interposed between a pair of rising pipe portions (29B, 29C) disposed at the intermediate portion as viewed in the arrangement direction 28.

Abstract: The invention concerns an intake manifold (1) comprising a plenum (8) and air ducts (13) one of which at least, for each combustion chamber of the engine, has a sudden enlargement (19) of its passage cross-section, immediately followed in downstream direction by a duct portion (20) having a gradually decreasing cross-section and ending (21) upstream of a flange fixing (16) the manifold (1) to the engine and its cylinder head. The plenum (8) and each of the air ducts (13) at least are made of synthetic material, preferably capable of being molded. The invention is useful for equipping internal combustion engine with pistons driven in reciprocating movement in the cylinders.

Abstract: A power tool having a rotary implement driven by a four-cycle engine. The engine crankcase is through a passageway which extends through a camshaft to a valve chamber. The rotating shaft member inhibits the escape of lubricating oil when the engine is running while permitting a lubricating oil mist to circulate through the engine.

Abstract: What I believe is a totally new mechanical movement consisting of a main stationary cylinder into which there is a rotary cylinder thru which a certain number of vanes that are anchored at the center of the main cylinder slide in and out of it by means of wigglets because the internal rotary cylinder is off-center of the main cylinder. As the internal cylinder rotates the space between two adjacent vanes increase or decrease creating a vacuum on one side of the main cylinder and a compression on the other side.