Abstract: An ornamental glass object and method of fabrication (20) includes three separate glass elements which are combined in three separate heating operations. A foundation of base glass (22) is formed and partially melted at a high temperature smoothing the edges. Stringer glass (26) and chip glass (28) are combined to form a pattern (30) which is melted at a second intermediate temperature to fuse all elements of the pattern (30) together. Fused pattern (30) is then combined with melted base glass (22) and the combination heated at a third low temperature to bond pattern (30) to base glass (22).

Abstract: A method of making an optical fiber employing a wavelength in an infrared region as a wavelength band in use is provided, in which an optical fiber 1 is exposed to an atmosphere containing hydrogen at a concentration of 0.05 vol % but not higher than 4.0 vol % after being drawn and taken up with a bobbin 2 before being put into use, whereas the hydrogen treatment temperature is lower than 50° C., preferably 30° C. or lower, more preferably at room temperature, whereby the increase in loss caused by hydrogen is small even when the optical fiber is used in a wide band, so that the optical fiber can be made efficiently and safely with an optimal hydrogen treatment.

Abstract: Methods of forming optical filament circuit patterns with planar and non-planar portions are provided. An optical filament circuit pattern is scribed by moving a filament guide and a substrate relative to one another at a speed between about 110 inches/minute and about 190 inches/minute, and dispensing an optical filament on, or in the vicinity of, a surface of the substrate. The filament or the substrate or both have adhesive surface(s). The adhesive surface is capable of being adhesively actuated by application of energy. Energy is applied simultaneous with, or subsequent to, scribing. Preferably, ultrasound energy is applied having an output power between about 2.0 watts and about 3.5 watts while applying a pressure to the filament between about 1.177 Newtons and about 1.324 Newtons. A portion of the filament circuit pattern is planar and another portion is non-planar. The non-planar portion traverses but does not contact or adhere to a pre-selected area of the substrate.

Abstract: A twist imparting roller 220 with two rotational axes C1, C2 is used as a roller for guiding a coated optical fiber 200. The twist imparting roller 220 rotates about the first rotational axis C1 to guide the coated optical fiber 200 and rotates along a circular locus indicated by a dashed line L2, about the second rotational axis C2 to impart twists to the optical fiber. The coated optical fiber 200 is wound through a turn along a V-groove 221 around the twist imparting roller 220. This suppresses rolling of the coated optical fiber 200 relative to the roller surface of the twist imparting roller 220, so as to efficiently impart the twists to the optical fiber and adequately reduce polarization mode dispersion in the optical fiber.

Abstract: Knitting of a neckline 10 formed in a front body 2a of seamlessly knitted, sleeved knitwear, such as a sweater.

Abstract: A method of knitting knitwear comprises the joining knit step comprising the step that whenever an adequate number of courses of the front body 3a and the back body 3b are knitted by using different yarn feeders, both right and left sleeves 5, 7 are shifted to the body side and joined together; and the step that when the front body 3a and the back body 3b are knitted by different feed yarns, respectively, and the yarn is fed to either of the right and left sleeves 5, 7 to form stitches in the next course, split knit is provided for stitches of the front sleeves 5a, 7a and back sleeves 5b, 7b at side ends thereof on the body side and then the stitches formed by the split knit are laid over the stitches of the different courses in the bodies 3a, 3b, respectively, to join together the sleeves 5, 7 and the body 3.

Abstract: A method of knitting a stripe pattern in a tubular fabric by using a flat knitting machine comprising at least a pair of front and back needle beds, wherein a front fabric 3 and a back fabric 5 are suspended in layers from the needle beds and their loop courses are cyclically knitted in an alternate order so as to be joined together at each widthwise end thereof to form the tubular fabric 1; wherein whenever a predetermined courses are knitted, two different yarns of a first yarn and a second yarn are switched to each other alternately to form the stripe pattern comprising a first knitted fabric part 7 and a second knitted fabric part 9; and wherein a loop of at least either of the first knitted fabric part and the second knitted fabric part is missed at a yarn switching point in the boundary between the first knitted fabric part 7 and the second knitted fabric part 9, to minimize a stitch level difference produced at that point.

Abstract: An EAS marker containing seal comprises a housing defining an interior recess seating an EAS marker and a latching structure adjacent an end of the housing. The housing has a flexible tail extending outwardly thereof and the tail defines a plurality of latching apertures. The housing defines an opening distal from each of the latching structure and the recess and of dimensions permitting entry of a free end of the tail into the housing members. The housing further defines an interior channel permitting movement of the tail over and beyond the EAS marker into the interior of the housing.

Abstract: This invention is designed to prevent luggage from being stolen from airports. It uses a number of various size coinciding threaded receptacles and threaded rods to prevent theft. Luggage secured with this system should only be handled by the owner who has the matching threaded rod. If a thief removes a piece of luggage from the conveyer he will have no idea what size rod he needs to match the receptacle. And it must be attached immediately. So anyone that removes luggage from conveyers or handles it without the correct key inserted onto the receptacle should be considered a suspected thief.

Abstract: A tamper resistant lock assembly is disclosed which is configured to prevent keyless operation of the lock assembly. The tamper resistant lock assembly includes a lock housing having a bolt slidably supported therein and a strike. The lock housing is secured to a mounting plate which is adapted to be fastened to a movable member such as a door. The strike is adapted to be fastened to a support member such as a door jam at a position to facilitate engagement between the bolt and the strike when the movable member is in a closed position. The strike includes a C-shaped catch member defining a recess having an opening which is configured to receive an engagement portion of the strike when the movable member is in the closed position. The engagement portion of the strike is also C-shaped and defines a recess.

Abstract: A key operated, lock actuating system having a housing and a lock cylinder that is pivotable relative to the housing around a first axis. An actuator assembly is pivotable around the first axis between a fully locked position and an unlocked position. The lock actuating system includes a first key having a first configuration and a second key having a second configuration. The first key can be used to change the actuator assembly between the locked and unlocked positions. The second key, which cannot be fully inserted to be operable with the actuator assembly in the locked position, can be used to change the actuator assembly between the unlocked position and an intermediate locked position.

Abstract: Retractable hitching post for bicycles having a casing which is mounted in the ground, a post which is telescopically mounted in the casing for movement between a retracted position in which the post is below ground level and an extended position in which a substantial portion of the post is above ground level, means for securing the post in the extended position, and means carried by the post for engagement by a lock to secure a bicycle to the post. In some disclosed embodiments, the post is cushioned by air damping as it returns to its retracted position.

Abstract: A lighted deadbolt according to the present invention includes a lock cylinder and a cylinder guard, a light assembly including a light source, a wiring harness including a plurality of wires electrically connected to the light source, and an annular adapter. The adapter includes a housing for receiving the light source and an annular channel for guiding the plurality of wires from the light source. The annular adapter includes a first surface, a wall extending orthogonally from the first surface, and a first plurality of tabs extending from the first surface generally parallel to the wall. The plurality of wires are operatively disposed between the first plurality of tabs and the wall. The adapter further includes a pair of fingers extending from the surface for receiving a sound producing device and a second plurality of tabs extending from the wall. The plurality of wires electrically couple the light source to the sound producing device.

Abstract: Prior to this invention, no commercially available plant potting soil or plant potting mix specifically incorporated material commonly known as volcanic ash as an ingredient. My invention is the specific incorporation of volcanic ash as an ingredient in a commercially available plant potting soil or plant potting mix and the labeling of the volcanic ash ingredient on the product label.

Abstract: Disclosed are a slide inclination correcting method and a slide inclination correcting apparatus in press machinery having a slide drive mechanism disposed in a top area of a press machine for driving a slide via a plurality of points to vertically move it up and down, thereby forming a work piece. According to the invention, the method and apparatus include the steps of, and means for, finding by measurement or computation for each of dies or die sets an eccentric load that is to develop in the slide in the process of forming a work piece to prepare a die based slide inclination correcting data for each of the dies or die sets; and on the basis of the die based slide inclination correcting data prepared, pre-imparting to the slide a compensatory amount of inclination which corresponds to a predicted amount of inclination caused the slide due to the eccentric load found.

Abstract: At a time of executing a bending process of a work according to a cooperation between a punch and a die, a provisional stroke value for obtaining a predetermined angle is determined on the basis of a bending process condition. A test bending process is executed on the basis of the provisional stroke value, and a striking number required for striking the work until the predetermined angle is obtained is judged. Since a stroke value correction amount at a time of a main bending corresponding to the striking number and the predetermined angle is previously determined, a main bending process is executed by correcting to a stroke value at a time of the main bending by computing the corresponding stroke value correction amount on the basis of the stroke value correction amount at a time of the main bending process.

Abstract: Apparatus for sealing an end portion of a tubular workpiece in a mold for internal high-pressure forming of the workpiece, includes a housing having a pressure compartment in fluid communication with an interior space of the workpiece. Hydraulic high-pressure fluid is supplied from a pressure source to the pressure compartment by a pressure application unit which further includes a pressure piston received in the pressure compartment and defined in the pressure compartment by an effective piston area which is greater than a cross sectional area in the interior space of an end portion of the workpiece. At least indirectly connected to the pressure piston is a sealing mandrel which interacts with the end portion of the tubular workpiece. A check valve is disposed in a passageway between the pressure compartment and the interior space of the workpiece for blocking in a direction to the pressure compartment.

Abstract: For rolling a workpiece with a rolling tool with several rolling elements arranged in hydrostatic bearings, during rolling, only some of the rolling elements engage the workpiece, while the rolling elements not engaging the workpiece essentially seal off the hydrostatic bearing. In such a rolling tool, the rolling elements are arranged so as to be distributed over an area, and each of the hydrostatic bearings includes a circumferential seal in the region of the rolling elements.

Abstract: A device for producing metal fibers from a metal wire comprises a forming assembly (14) and a cutting assembly (16), said cutting assembly (16) being arranged downstream of said forming assembly (14) in the direction of production, said forming assembly (16) being driven by driving means (58). Said cutting assembly (16) is driven by said driving means (58) and said forming assembly (16) and said cutting assembly (14) are mechanically synchronized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roll driving system for a rolling mill. The roll driving system comprises hydraulic cylinders disposed in parallel between a rolling mill housing and a roll housing for supporting a backup roll and a work roll; load position sensors for detecting load positions of the hydraulic cylinders; means for executing a backward kinematic algorithm which calculates target load positions of the hydraulic cylinders when a target position instruction signal for degrees of freedom of roll movement is inputted from an upper control system, position controllers for controlling positions of the hydraulic cylinders in response to the target load positions inputted from the backward kinematic algorithm executing means; and means for executing a forward kinematic algorithm which calculates positions for the degrees of freedom of roll movement, based on the load positions detected by the load position sensors, and outputs resultant position signals to the upper control system.

Abstract: Sheet piling and like steel shapes are made in a caliber rolling mill having upper and lower rolls of suitable contour. One of the rolls is axially fixed and the other can be shifted axially in opposite directions so that shoulders of the rolls engage and these positions are stored along with a relationship of axial force and spring constants of the mill frame. The rolling then takes these stored values into consideration.

Abstract: The invention concerns a wire bending device comprising a bending head (3) bearing two bending tools (30, 31) between which the wire to be bent (2) is passed, each of the tools being capable of being driven in rotation concentrically around the other which is then fixed It comprises: mechanical means (1) for moving the wire to be bent (2) axially in one direction or another (XA, XB); mechanical mans for driving the tools (30, 31) in rotation, in the two directions (YA, YB), about an axis (34) parallel to those (32, 33) of the tools (30, 31); mechanical means for moving in the two directions (ZA, ZB) the tools (30, 31) in a plane perpendicular to the axis (34) about which the latter can rotate; and calculating and controlling means for managing simultaneously the operation of the mechanical means so that the movements generated by the latter are superimposed.

Abstract: Apparatus for swaging a ferrule or ferrules onto an outer wall of a cylindrical member includes a hydraulic power section and an adapter tool. The hydraulic section is disposed within a housing, and the adapter tool is at least partly retained in the housing and also is fully removable from the housing without affecting the hydraulic power section of the apparatus. The hydraulic section includes a piston that is moved under force of hydraulic pressure applied thereto from a hydraulic pressure source. The adapter tool includes a driven swaging die that is moved from a retracted position to an extended position in response to movement of the piston. The sleeve and anvil are releasably secured together so that the adapter tool can be removed from the housing as a unitary assembly. Size changes can be accommodated by removing a first adapter tool of a given size and replacing it with a second adapter tool of a different size.

Abstract: A feedback control system for use in a press machine is adapted to monitor and adjust the clearance between the gib and slide. A connection bolt provides a connection between the gib and frame upright. A thermal applicator selectively heats and/or cools the connection bolt to induce a controlled deformation of the bolt, namely, an expansion and/or contraction, respectively. In one form, a heat-induced elongation of the bolt along its longitudinal dimension actuates a corresponding displacement of the gib towards the slide to regulate the spatial relationship therebetween. A sensor provides a measure of any possible clearance between the gib and slide. The clearance measurement is compared to allowable reference clearance data. A controller controls the heating and/or cooling action in accordance with the comparison results, thereby controllably moving the gib. The gib may be selectively displaced to optionally effectuate a partial or full close-out of the existing clearance.

Abstract: A tool for reorienting a flange member from a first angle of orientation to a second angle of orientation. The tool comprises a support member which includes a guide member; and the tool also comprises a shoe supported by the support member, the shoe comprising a leading portion and a first side portion adjacent the leading portion, the leading portion comprising a leading edge adapted to be located beneath the flange member and a reorienting surface for directing and displacing the flange to an orientation between the first and second angles of orientation, the side portion and guide member defining an orienting gap for orienting the moved flange to the desired second angle of orientation.

Abstract: Before starting an air-fuel ratio feedback control utilizing an air-fuel ratio sensor, activation of a wide-range air-fuel ratio sensor in an internal combustion engine is diagnosed by calculating heat transferred to and from the air-fuel ratio sensor whose output value varies in response to oxygen concentration in exhaust which varies according to the air-fuel ratio of an intake air-fuel mixture of the internal combustion engine, and estimating the activation time from the starting of the engine until the air-fuel ratio sensor is activated, based on said calculated result of the heat transfer. Alternatively, activation of the sensor is diagnosed under the condition that an output voltage of the oxygen concentration detecting unit of the sensor is fixed to a value either equal to or above a rich-side set voltage or equal to or under a lean-side set voltage, before starting the air-fuel ratio feedback control.

Abstract: A reduced error measurement system for use in, for example, an appliance control system includes a multiplexor, a plurality of sensors coupled to the multiplexor, and a single amplifier circuit having an impedance path. The multiplexor is configured to selectively place one of the sensors into the impedance path of the amplifier. A transfer function of an amplifier circuit is dependent upon a selected sensor response when placed into the circuit, thereby allowing a controller to make control decisions based upon a voltage output of the single amplifier, thereby reducing errors attributable to a plurality of amplifier channels. An adjacent channel calibration technique is used to calibrate a hard mounted sensor to an integrated circuit that applies a calibrated offset value determined with a removable sensor coupled to the integrated circuit to the hard mounted sensor.

Abstract: In a lubricant application system, a prescribed volume of lubricant is transferred from a lubricant discharge port 8 of a prescribed liquid volume discharge device to a rolling element 703 of a rolling bearing 700 in a state in which the lubricant discharge port 8 is positioned directly above and sufficiently close to the rolling element 703, whereby the lubricant is applied to the interior of the rolling bearing 700. Further, the application system inspects whether or not a prescribed volume of lubricant is injected from the discharge device for injecting a lubricant into the interior of a rolling bearing 700.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for detecting blockage for a semiconductor fabrication system. The detector is made of a flow detector, interposed in a gaseous flow path between a gas supply and the rest of the system. A flow comparator is coupled to the flow detector, and compares the flow rate of the gas to a baseline flow rate of gas. In this manner, blockages of the system can be detected before a catastrophic failure. In one embodiment, the flow detector is a heating element coupled to a power supply. The heating element heats the gas flowing past it, thus determining the volume or flow of gas. A temperature-measuring device is coupled to the heating element, and the heating element can be selectively enabled in response to a signal from the temperature-measuring device. A power measurement device measures the power used by the heating element. Thus, the duty cycle of the heating element indicates the flow rate of the gas.

Abstract: A method for automatically conducting a leak test for a vacuum system includes receiving a process status input representing the completion of a manufacturing cycle. On determining that the process status is in a complete state, the vacuum system isolation valve is closed. In one embodiment, the first pressure input is measured at the beginning of the leak test and compared to a second pressure input measured at the expiration of timer. If the difference between the first and second pressure measurements are greater than the configurable threshold pressure, then the vacuum system is determined to be leaky. In another embodiment, the vacuum system is determined to be leaky if at least one of a series of pressure measurements exceeds the threshold pressure value. In response to the determination of the leak, an interlock signal to disable the operation of the vacuum system is activated.

Abstract: A hand held refrigeration leak detector provides single hand operation for a user while holding the main body of the detector. The flexible stalk is coupled to the main body and to a head containing an LED light source which provides spectral emissions in the UV to blue range.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pumping skid that may comprise a skid structure, a high volume pump, a battery of high-pressure pumps, a chemical water treating tank, a docking plate and a bouyancy compensator. More specifically, the skid is carried by a subsea vechicle (hereinafter “SV”) that provides the power to the pumps located on the skid to inject water/chemical, pressurize the water, dewater, and dry, the pipeline. The present invention may be part of the commissioning of a new or old pipeline or a new portion of a pipeline in which a purging of the line with a compressed gas and drying of the line is required. After commissioning, product flows through the pipeline.

Abstract: In an evaporative emission control system, when an engine is running, a negative pressure generated in an air intake pipe of the engine is introduced into a fuel tank through a negative pressure intake line. When the engine halts, a purge valve provided on a purge line connecting the intake pipe and a canister is closed and defines a closed space between the purge valve and the fuel tank. After the negative pressure in the fuel tank is introduced into the closed space and the closed space is maintained under a continuous and uniform negative pressure, the system starts a leak check. Because the negative pressure intake line is provided with a negative pressure maintaining valve, the fuel tank is maintained under the negative pressure when the engine is running.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid, includes a tubular housing which defines an internal cavity; a fluid restriction structure disposed in a first portion of the cavity; and a pressure measuring device disposed to measure the differential pressure in the cavity of the fluid which has flowed through the fluid restriction structure. The apparatus further includes a device for applying pressure to the fluid upstream from the fluid restriction structure to cause the fluid to flow through the fluid restriction structure so that the pressure measuring device measures the pressure differential which is inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity squared.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing chemical and/or biological analytes includes a deflectable arm of a microcantilever formed over and contacting a sensing element. A gaseous or liquid medium which may include the analyte being detected, is introduced to the sensing element. The sensing element undergoes volumetric expansion or contraction in the presence of the analyte sought to be detected, typically by adsorbing the analyte. The volumetric change of the sensing element causes the deflectable arm to deflect. The deflectable arm includes at least one measurable physical property which changes when the arm deflects. Detecting means are provided to measure the change in the physical property to determine the presence and amount of analyte present. An array of microcantilevers in which each microcantilever is dedicated to detecting a particular analyte which may be included in the medium, is also provided.

Abstract: Self-washing injection apparatus [101] for liquid chromatography injection valves utilizes an interior chamber [105] with a penetrable seal [109] at the top end of the chamber and a needle sleeve seal [113] at the bottom end of the interior chamber. A wash port [145] in the body [103] of the apparatus connects one or more sources of wash fluid to the interior chamber between the penetrable seal and the sleeve seal. The apparatus provides a simple and effective means to aspirate or pump wash fluids from one or more wash fluid reservoirs through the apparatus, the injection port of the injection valve, and associated components.

Abstract: At the forefront of a probe is formed a carbon nanotube having an armchair type crystal structure or of which the forefront is chemically modified with modifying molecules.

Abstract: A probe for vertical scanning microscope in which the forward end of a nanotube, serving as a probe, abuts against the sample surface substantially perpendicularly thereto and detects the surface information of the sample with high sensitivity.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for effectively determining the start of combustion in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine where the start of combustion is calculated by obtaining cylinder pressure data (P), processing the cylinder pressure data (P) into a processed pressure value indicative of the occurrence of SOC, comparing the processed pressure value to a predetermined threshold value, if the processed pressure value crosses the predetermined threshold value, determining that SOC has occurred, and calculating a crank shaft location at which the predetermined threshold value was crossed by the processed pressure value thereby identifying the crank shaft location at which SOC occurred. In alternative embodiments, optional steps may be provided including a verification step, a windowing step, a filtering step, determining occurrence of misfire, and determining occurrence of retarded timing.

Abstract: An arrangement for isolating an energy transfer system while it is subjected to a test process for noise. The energy transfer system is of the type having an energy input and at least one energy output, and may be mechanical or electrical. The isolation arrangement has a base that supports the energy transfer system. An isolation support supports the energy transfer system, yet affords multiple degrees of freedom with respect to the base. The energy transfer system is clamped in a manner that permits at least one degree of freedom with respect to the base, by means of an engagement arrangement that secures the energy transfer system to the isolation support. When mechanical or electrical energy is applied to the energy transfer system, acoustic energy in the form of sound and/or vibration is issued by the energy transfer system under test, which acoustic energy is monitored by an acoustic sensor that issues a corresponding electrical signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing internal combustion engine valves is provided. The apparatus includes a housing with a bore for receiving a seat fixture. The seat fixture, in turn, receives a seat insert. A valve is inserted into the apparatus so the valve head is received at the seat insert and the valve stem extends through the seat fixture and through an axial bore in the housing. One end of the valve engages an actuating apparatus that provides a lifting action of the valve so that the valve head moves off of the seat insert as well as a rotating action to the valve. Another actuator is provided to move the valve from a lifted position to a seated position. A heater is employed to heat the valve to high temperatures to simulate extreme operating conditions. A cooling system is also provided to rapidly cool the valve and associated elements to simulate a rapid cooling condition. A method for testing internal combustion engine valves is also disclosed.

Abstract: In order to enable a more rapid shift and to prevent tie-up from occurring when a down-shift occurs during an up-shift, an amount of overrun produced during the down-shift is detected, and a hydraulic duty for an engaging element of the down-shift is modified by performing one of adding and subtracting a correction value, the correction value being calculated based on the detected amount of overrun, such that the amount of overrun will converge to a predetermined minimal level.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for improving vehicle steering performance and robustness of that performance through control of non-uniformities in the vehicle's tires, wheels and tire/wheel assemblies as a way to overcome the tendency of the steering systems in certain vehicle types to undergo “steering performance loss.” While minimizing lateral force variations (e.g., couple imbalance), a controlled amount of radial and/or tangential force variation is induced in one or more tire/wheel assemblies by means of mass non-uniformity, dimensional non-uniformity, and/or stiffness non-uniformity. For dimensional non-uniformity, the preferred method comprises imparting a controlled amount of dimensional non-uniformity (preferably radial runout) to the tire and/or the wheel in at least one of the tire/wheel assemblies, followed by statically and dynamically balancing all of the vehicle's tire/wheel assemblies.

Abstract: In a device for measuring the axle load of a motor vehicle, at least one extension-sensitive resistor is arranged on at least one component of a motor vehicle which is subject to a change in shape as a function of the load, with at least one insulating layer being arranged in between.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an operating condition of a vehicular tire. The method includes providing magnetized areas in the tire and magnetic field sensors on the chassis of the vehicle. Rotation of the tire produces magnetic field pattern signatures which characterize the tire's materials, construction and deformation conditions. Changes in magnetic field pattern signatures from a baseline are indicative of impending abnormalities in tire integrity that can be recognized in advance to forestall vehicle accidents attributed to tire faults.

Abstract: A vehicle tire comprising a tread and a pair of sidewalls has a radially inner track and a radially outer track on a sidewall, each track being formed of a plurality of magnetically active sectors arranged in an angular serial manner to one another. Each sector is delimited from the next following sector by a respective sector transition and has a different magnetic property than the next following sector. A first group of the sector transitions have a radial extent forming a first angle relative to a radius of the tire and a second group of the sector transitions have a radial extent forming a second angle relative to a radius of the tire which is different than the first sector transition angle. Conclusions concerning the tangential tire deformation can be drawn from signals generated by magnetically sensing the phase shift of the magnetically active track sectors.

Abstract: A method of generating, for an aircraft, a total air temperature compensated for recovery or deicing heater error includes measuring a total air temperature with a total air temperature probe. A local angle of attack for the total air temperature probe is determined. Then, a corrected total air temperature, compensated for recovery or deicing heater error, is generated as a function of the measured total air temperature and the determined local angle of attack for the total air temperature probe.

Abstract: A bi-directional mass air flow sensing device for measuring air flow, comprising a bridge circuit coupled across a voltage potential, wherein the bridge circuit comprises a first side including first and second temperature dependent sensor resistors connected in series and disposed on a thermally insulative substrate window in line with an air flow and arranged such that relative to a first direction of air flow, the first sensor resistor is upstream of the second sensor resistor, and a second side in parallel with the first side and including third and fourth temperature dependent sensor resistors connected in series and disposed on the thermally insulative substrate in line with the air flow such that relative to the first direction of air flow, the third sensor resistor is upstream of the fourth sensor resistor, and a temperature dependent balance resistor connected between the first and second temperature dependent sensor resistors on the first side of the bridge circuit.

Abstract: A flow sensor includes a substrate in which a cavity is formed. A thin film structure is located above the cavity. The thin film structure includes a patterned multilayer film. A dummy film layer is formed or a number of dummy film layers are formed in close proximity to the patterned multilayer film to protect the multilayer film from the effect of reduction gas.

Abstract: Apparatus including a mass suspended from a filament, and a sensor adapted to sense a change in a time derivative of a spatial position of the mass when the mass moves from a first material to a second material. The change in the time derivative may include acceleration, deceleration, jerk or impact of the mass, for example. The change in the time derivative may be due to the mass being removed from a liquid to a gas, lowered from a gas to a liquid or abutting against a solid surface, such as the bottom of a well, for example. The change in the time derivative of a spatial position of the mass may also be due to seismicity.