Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary impeller driven caturbine whereby relatively small engines are placed at or near the ends of at least two opposing impeller blades on a rotor. The engines propel the impeller blades to turn the rotor and shaft which in turns generates power. The engines are powered by a combustible reaction that produces steam, preferably by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: In gas turbines, compressed air is supplied via an air duct to combustion chambers and is heated there. Pressure losses in the air duct should be minimized in order to ensure good overall efficiency. This is achieved by the compressed air flowing with approximately constant velocity in the air duct from the compressor to the inlet into the combustion chamber. This is supported by the effective cross section of the air duct being almost constant over this distance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus of detecting engine ignition. The invention generally includes a camera assembly to detect electromagnetic spectra, and a control assembly operatively interconnected with the camera assembly to monitor and evaluate the spectral data collected by the camera assembly. The control assembly is generally programmed with first and second predetermined thresholds associated with respective first and second electromagnetic spectra, and a time threshold at least generally associated with a first time parameter in which at least one of the first and second predetermined thresholds should be reached.

Abstract: To monitor an exhaust-gas catalytic converter when the internal combustion engine is at its operating temperature, an NOx sensor is used to determine the NOx concentration downstream of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter which is to be diagnosed. During the diagnosis time, the oxygen loading of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter is increased, and the conversion ability of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter is worked out from the NOx concentration which is measured during a plurality of lambda controller oscillations.

Abstract: An exhaust system comprising a catalytic converter unit, a bushing element provided in a shell wall of the catalytic converter unit, and an oxygen sensor positioned within exhaust flow of the catalytic converter unit and extending through the bushing element and having a connector disposed in intimate contact with the bushing element, and a method of positioning such an oxygen sensor in an exhaust system component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control unit for an internal combustion engine which can activate the three way catalyst at the early stage and can lessen the deterioration of the exhaust in an internal combustion engine such as HC, CO, and NOx, etc. from the exhaust gas when starting. The control unit for an internal combustion engine is provided with three way catalyst and HC adsorbent on an exhaust side. The control unit alternately controls the A/F between a rich state and a lean state in order to quicken the activation of the three way catalyst when the internal combustion engine starts.

Abstract: The turbine (4) of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which is located in the exhaust gas channel (3) of the internal combustion engine (1), has a variable geometry. The regulation of the boost pressure (pld) is performed via an adjustment of the turbine geometry. A very rapid response of the boost pressure regulation to a variable load, with an overshoot of the specified value, which would damage the turbocharger, being avoided, is achieved by determining a manipulated variable (vtg) for the turbine geometry as a function of the exhaust gas back pressure (pag) prevailing in the exhaust gas channel (3) upstream from the turbine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus comprises a control unit (29) operative to estimate an amount of NOx absorbed by a NOx trap material (17) disposed in an exhaust passage (10) and to make an air-fuel ratio richer so as thereby to cause the NOx trap material to release sulfur when the estimated amount of NOx absorption exceeds a specified amount. Further, the control unit (29) operative to estimate an amount of sulfur absorbed by the NOx trap material (17) and to make an air-fuel ratio richer and rising a temperature of exhaust gas so as thereby to cause the NOx trap material to release sulfur when the estimated amount of sulfur absorption exceeds a specified amount. The control means restricts an air-fuel ratio from being made richer when the NOx trap material is not expected to absorb NOx due to progress of sulfur absorption resulting from conditionally the sulfur releasing.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for internal combustion engines, which is decreased in space and volume and in which any surplus load is not applied on an engine, comprises a branch exhaust pipe provided on an exhaust pipe of the engine to branch off therefrom in parallel thereto, a first NOx adsorbing catalyst provided in the exhaust pipe, a second small-sized NOx adsorbing catalyst provided in the branch exhaust pipe, an exhaust switchover valve provided at a branch, where the exhaust pipe and the branch exhaust pipe branch off, and having exhaust holes, a first feed pipe having a first switchover valve, and a second feed pipe having a second switchover valve, the first and second feed pipes being opened between the exhaust switchover valve and the first NOx adsorbing catalyst and between the exhaust switchover valve and the second NOx adsorbing catalyst, respectively. The first and second feed pipes are supplied with a fuel from a feed pump.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal combustion engine which is to be mounted on automobiles or the like and in which an improvement has been achieved in terms of startability and combustion stability during warm-up operation. In an internal combustion engine of the type in which gas discharged from a combustion heater is introduced into an intake passage of the internal combustion engine, a fuel vaporizing glow plug is operated during the period from the starting of the internal combustion engine to the occurrence of complete explosion, whereby unburned vaporized fuel is supplied from the combustion heater to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, especially for use in motor vehicles, comprising an exhaust gas purifying device and a temperature control device disposed in the exhaust path between the internal combustion engine and the exhaust gas purifying device, said temperature control device being provided with a heat exchanger. In order to simplify the construction of such an exhaust system and to achieve a defined cooling capacity, the heat exchanger is configured as a radiation cooler with internal radiation sheets radiating the energy towards the housing.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for increasing combustion efficiency during combustion of a carbon-containing fuel such as a fossil fuel. The systems and apparatus utilize catalytically reactive particles within a reaction chamber, typically silica or alumina, that interact with waste exhaust gases produced during combustion of the fuel in order to produce a degrading atmosphere of hydroxy radicals or other reactive species. The degrading atmosphere apparently migrates to the source of combustion and increases the efficiency of combustion as evidenced by the reduction or elimination of soot and other pollutants normally produced. Typically, the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature in a range from about 30° C. to about 600° C. Moisture is provided by the waste exhaust gases in order to catalyze formation of hydroxyl radicals by the catalytically reactive particles.

Abstract: A control system for a utility vehicle, particularly a compact utility tractor, that is speed-controlled by a hydrostatic transmission, prevents engine stalling by automatically reducing the stroke of a pump of the hydrostatic transmission, and thus reducing the vehicle speed, when the unloaded engine speed drops below a predetermined threshold. The apparatus includes a servo controlled hydrostatic transmission, an engine speed sensor, a throttle position sensor and a controller. The unloaded engine speed is determined by either an engine throttle lever position or by an engine speed capture algorithm that continuously monitors engine speed and records engine speed occurring when the transmission control pedals are positioned in neutral.

Abstract: A control system for a utility vehicle transmission provides for operator selection of vehicle “aggressiveness,” or rates of acceleration in response to operator command. The aggressiveness of a vehicle's performance can be controlled by modulating control signals to proportional control valves, which determine the transmission acceleration, according to two or more electrical ramp-up (or ramp-down) profiles, in response to an operator's acceleration command (or deceleration command). The transmission control system includes a controller, directional switches and electro-hydraulic valves which control hydraulic pressure in the servo control system of a hydrostatic transmission. The operator is provided with a two-position set switch. With the set switch in the less aggressive position, in response to an operator's command, the software in the controller provides a relatively slow current ramp to energize the control valves.

Abstract: A master cylinder formed of a forward plastic part snapingly secured to a rearward plastic part. The forward part has a tapered draft angle bore and the rearward part has a purely cylindrical bore aligned with the draft angle bore of the front part and conforming to the diameter of the piston of the cylinder. An annular groove is defined by the parts in surrounding relation to the aligned bores and an annular bearing, having a true cylindrical inner surface corresponding to the diameter of the piston, is positioned in the groove to guide the front end of the piston as the piston moves forwardly into the tapered bore of the forward part.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly in which the casing defines an annular seal groove defining a forward bore portion forwardly of the annular groove and a rearward bore portion rearwardly of the annular groove. The front end of the piston in the retracted position of the piston is received in the forward bore portion to provide total bearing support for the piston and axial grooves are provided in the forward bore portion to allow recuperative fluid to flow from the associated reservoir and through the axial grooves to the forward bore portion forwardly of the retreating piston.

Abstract: A variable geometry turbine, particularly for a supercharger turbocompressor of an internal combustion engine, comprising an outer housing forming a spiral inlet channel for an operating fluid, a rotor supported in a rotary manner in the housing, and an annular vaned nozzle of variable geometry interposed radially between the channel and the rotor and comprising a control member moving axially in order to control of the flow of the operating fluid from the channel to the rotor, the control member being formed as an annular piston of a fluid actuator actuated directly by means of a control pressure.

Abstract: A fuel and gas mixer for a gas turbine combustor includes a body member. The body member has a truncated conical annulus, with its smaller end which communicates with a smaller end of a downstream truncated conical chamber. Gaseous fuel is injected into the annulus through hollow spokes arranged radially in the annulus and mixes with air flow introduced from air upstream passages. The velocity of the primary mixture of the fuel and air in the annulus increases when the flow is directed towards the downstream chamber because the truncated conical shape of the annulus reduces the cross-section of the flow passageway downstream-wise. With increased velocity, the primary mixture is diffused when entering the truncated conical chamber and is further mixed with air introduced from downstream air passages.

Abstract: A cyclone combustor of the present invention uses a novel pre-mixture injection scheme to optimize performance. The cyclone combustor includes a cylindrical combustor can and three fuel/air premixing tubes entering the combustor can radially, with a tangential offset. The tangential offset is designed to provide an optimized circulation in the combustor can for improvement of liner life span, flame stability and engine turn-down. The ignition and pilot fuel systems are placed to take advantage of the premixing tube entry locations and the tangential direction of the mixture flow momentum in the combustor can. The special combination of the parallel axes of the combustor can and the mixing tubes provides a right angle between an outlet section and the major tube section of each premixing tube. The cyclone combustor of the present invention can meet the requirements for low NOx and CO emissions.

Abstract: A swirled diffusion dump combustor of the present invention includes a cylindrical combustor can and a fuel and air mixer attached to the upstream end of the combustor can. The mixer is generally formed by an annular chamber which is defined between annular outer and inner walls, having an annularly continuous truncated conical cross-section. The upstream end of the annular chamber is closed by a manifold ring which includes an annular fuel passage and two rows of swirled air passages. Thus, the compressor air approaching the mixer from above enters the swirled air passages, and the swirled air flow in the annular chamber shears fuel from the lips of the annular fuel passage to produce a fuel/air mixture. The mixture swirl is accelerated in the annular chamber and passes a downstream annular passage which serves as the region of diffusive mixing, and also as a flame flashback restrictor. The flow then dumps into the combustor can, providing the final level of mixing, where it then burns.

Abstract: An injector includes a plurality of flat, circular plates which provide fuel delivery and cooling of the injector. Fuel delivery passages in the plates have swirl chambers and spray orifices which are formed by chemical etching. A pair of fuel delivery plates define a fuel cavity therebetween, and include a plurality of radially-outwardly extending spokes, with the spokes from one fuel plate in adjacent, surface-to-surface relation with opposing spokes from the adjacent fuel plate. A fuel passage is defined between each of the opposing spokes, leading from the fuel cavity to a fuel outlet opening at the distal end of each spoke. A fuel tube delivers fuel to the fuel cavity between the plates, from where the fuel is then directed through the outlet openings. Downstream plates shape the fuel into appropriate sprays for ignition. An upstream cooling plate assembly directs air against the upstream fuel plate, and radially outwardly along the spokes of the upstream plate.

Abstract: An injection system for a turbomachine combustion chamber, the system comprising a fuel injection nozzle for vaporizing fuel in the combustion chamber and a mixer/deflector assembly coaxial with the injection nozzle and serving to mix fuel and oxidizer and to diffuse the mixture in the combustion chamber, said mixer/deflector assembly comprising a primary swirler and a secondary swirler disposed at a determined distance apart from each other in the axial direction and separated by a Venturi device disposed coaxially with the injection nozzle, the primary swirler being fixed securely to the injection nozzle and being spaced apart therefrom by a constant radial distance which is determined in such a manner that the fuel vaporized by the injection nozzle can under no circumstances impact on the primary swirler. The Venturi device preferably has an inside surface that presents an upstream portion with a slope discontinuity P.

Abstract: A method of applying a thermal barrier coating system to a metal piece having cooling holes angled in a first direction and cooling holes angled in a second direction. The method includes spraying a bond coat on a first surface of the piece at angles with respect to the first and second directions and to a thickness selected in combination with the angles to prevent the bond coat from entirely filling any of the holes. A thermal barrier coating is sprayed on the bond coat at angles with respect to the first and second directions and to a thickness selected in combination with the angles to prevent the thermal barrier coating from entirely filling any of the holes. The method also includes spraying a high pressure fluid jet from a nozzle assembly through each hole generally parallel to the respective cooling hole.

Abstract: A method of combustor cycle air flow adjustment for a gas turbine engine according to the present invention solves the problem of a higher flame temperature in the combustor, thereby affecting the emission levels when a heat-recuperated air flow cycle is used to increase the compressed air temperature. In low emission combustors this impact is severe because emission levels are significantly dependent on the primary combustion zone flame temperature. The method of the present invention includes a step of changing a geometry of an air flow passage and thereby changing distribution of a total air mass flow between an air mass flow for combustion and an air mass flow for cooling in order to ensure that flame temperature in a primary combustion zone of a combustor are maintained substantially the same whether the gas turbine engine is manufactured to operate as a simple air flow cycle engine or as a heat-recuperated air flow cycle engine.

Abstract: A method to provide Primary Frequency Regulation to a steam turbine in a combined cycle plant that comprises storing energy in the form of internal energy of the steam contained within the piping and domes of the heat recovery boilers, and then using said energy when the power grid requires a sudden increase in output power. With the present method, the losses in power generation of the steam turbine, when said turbine is operating in the Primary Frequency Regulation mode, are reduced to a minimum. When the gas turbines in a combined cycle plant operate in PFR mode, the steam turbine reduces its output power because the gas turbines must operate below their rated power. The present method converts said decrease in output power of the steam turbine in a Spinning Reserve useful for PFR in said turbine. That is to say that the present method converts said Spinning Reserve in a rapid reserve, available after just a few seconds; if necessary, response times of less than 10 seconds can be attained.

Abstract: In a heat shield arrangement, in which heat shield elements are arranged next to one another on a carrying structure and are anchored to the carrying structure, there is provision for a cooling-air duct, into which cooling air is fed and which the adjacent heat shield elements communicate with one another, to be formed by at least two adjacent heat shield elements between the carrying structure and the surface of the heat shield elements which faces away from the hot gas. What is achieved thereby is that the individual heat shield elements are interconnected to form continuous cooling-air ducts, with the cooling air introduced into the cooling-air ducts being collected and being led, for example, to a burner. Advantageously, the gaps between the heat shield elements are sealed off by sealing elements.

Abstract: A cryogenic cooling system is configured to control the flow of a heat transfer fluid through a remote thermal load, such as a superconducting magnet or rotor. The cryogenic cooling system includes a refrigerator including a cryogenically cooled surface and a cryogenic fluid transport device disposed within the refrigerator for circulating a heat transfer fluid between the cryogenically cooled surface and the remote thermal load. The cryogenic fluid transport device being positioned within the refrigerator advantageously serves as device for providing the necessary mechanical force necessary to move the heat transfer fluid from the cryogenically cooled surface (e.g., end of a cryocooler) to the remote thermal load. Thus, unlike conventional cooling arrangements the heat transfer fluid does not require a phase change.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for the delivery of a vapor phase product having a substantially constant impurity level from a liquefied source of said gas to an endpoint. The delivery method includes withdrawing a liquefied gas having a level of impurities from a storage container and delivering the liquefied gas to a vaporization unit where the liquefied gas and the impurities dissolved therein are completely vaporized. The vapor phase product is then delivered to an endpoint. This invention affords the delivery of gases with substantially constant impurity levels throughout the delivery of the liquefied gas. In addition, this invention affords the delivery of the liquefied gas at high vapor phase flow rates for long periods of time and allows substantially complete usage of the contents of the storage container.

Abstract: A passive thermal control enclosure for transporting and storing payloads in earth orbit includes an inner box-like enclosure surrounded by an outer box-like enclosure with insulation in the space between the enclosures. The walls of the inner enclosure are fiber-matrix composite skins with honeycomb sandwiched therebetween. Each enclosure has its own door latched closed by releasable latches formed in opposed pairs that can be operated without any net force on the operator. Packs of phase change material (PCM) are placed into the inner enclosure with the payload. The PCM is contained in flexible packages. The packs of PCM are removed when they melt and replaced with fresh packs, and the melted packs preferably are re-frozen on-board the orbiting spacecraft. Freezing preferably is carried out such that the freeze front moves substantially in only one direction from one end of the pack to the other.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for non-hydrocarbon design of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems, which are particularly suited a non-hydrocarbon ultra-low temperature refrigeration system that can safely be transported and applied in the field as needed without the risks associated with hydrocarbon ultra-low temperature refrigeration system are disclosed. An application of the non-hydrocarbon design of ultra-low temperature refrigeration system method and apparatus to freezers and the like is also disclosed.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet for enclosing a refrigerating compartment, the cabinet having a door for providing access to the refrigerating compartment, a user interface operatively connected to the cabinet having a display for displaying refrigerator function selections and a plurality of buttons for selecting refrigerator functions and a control unit operatively connected to the user interface and adapted to control a plurality of refrigerator functions. The control unit can be adapted for determining refrigerator filter information and displaying refrigerator filter information, the refrigerator filter information can include a date associated with the refrigerator filter.

Abstract: A refrigerator, comprising an oil deterioration judging container (31) disposed between a four-way directional control valve (2) and a gas closing valve (24), whereby, because a gas refrigerant containing much refrigerating machine oil is discharged from a compressor (1) at the time of heating operation, the degree of deterioration of the oil can be judged easily, and thus the degree of deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil can be judged with a simple structure, and the reliability of the refrigerator can be maintained for long period.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for monitoring power outages in a household appliance such as a refrigerator are disclosed. According to the method, a household appliance determines a prior occurrence of a power outage to the appliance. The household appliance then computes a duration of the power outage. Further, the household appliance alerts a user of the duration of the power outage.

Abstract: A method for controlling at least one electronic expansion valve coupled to an economizer in a refrigeration system in order to dynamically control the refrigeration system operating conditions and in order to accommodate more than one set of operating conditions. The system can also be used to control the capacity of the system. More specifically, the method can include determining the required capacity of the system and adjusting the flow of refrigerant through the electronic expansion valve to adjust the actual capacity of the system toward the required capacity of the system. In another aspect of the invention, the system is operated to maintain the power of the system below a threshold value (e.g., below a max rated horsepower).

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit (15) is disposed which is formed by connection of an outdoor unit (11) and two indoor units (12, 13). And, the air conditioning capacity of the outdoor unit (11) is controlled such that the temperature of refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant circuit (15) becomes a target value and the target value is altered correspondingly to the state of an operation. In other words, the control characteristics of the target value are determined correspondingly to the air conditioning load characteristics of a building, and the target value is altered according to the control characteristics and based on the inside/outside temperature difference between an indoor set temperature and an outside air temperature.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor includes a housing assembly having a control pressure chamber. A drive shaft is rotatably supported by the housing assembly. Cylinder bores, each accommodating a piston, are formed about the drive shaft. Each piston defines a compression chamber inside the corresponding cylinder bore. Each piston compresses refrigerant drawn into the corresponding compression chamber from a suction pressure zone and discharges the refrigerant to a discharge pressure zone. The inclination of a swash plate changes in accordance with the pressure in the control pressure chamber. A supply passage connects the control pressure chamber to the discharge pressure zone. A pressure release passage connects the control pressure chamber to the suction pressure zone. A shutter, which is made of synthetic resin or rubber and includes a restricting passage, closes one of the supply passage and the pressure release passage.

Abstract: An absorption cold or hot water generating machine is driven by a high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from an external apparatus such as a gas turbine. The absorption cold or hot water generating machine includes an exhaust gas path for introducing a high-temperature exhaust gas serving as a heat source into a high-temperature generator, and then an exhaust heat recovery generator. A low-temperature generator comprises a liquid film-type generator in which solution is sprayed on a heat transfer tube bank, and refrigerant vapor generated in the exhaust heat recovery generator is led to a heat transfer tube bank of the low-temperature generator.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling an electronic device that includes a fluid heat exchanger, a chiller, and a pump. The fluid heat exchanger transfers heat from a hot portion of the surface of the electronic device to a fluid and has a body through which the fluid may be circulated. The body has a protrusion having a first surface that may be thermally coupled to the hot portion such that the surface of the body is sufficiently distant from the surface of the electronic device that sufficient ambient air may circulate therebetween so as to substantially prevent condensation from forming on the surface of the electronic device and from forming on and dripping from the heat exchanger when the fluid is cooled to at least the dew point of the ambient air and circulated through the body. A heat-conducting path is provided from the first surface to a region of the body that is thermally coupled to the fluid when the fluid is circulated through the body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switch cabinet or cover with an air-conditioning unit, which comprises a cooling circuit system with an evaporator and a condenser. The evaporator has an integral air circuit, connected spatially with the interior of the switch cabinet and through which the air in the interior of the switch cabinet may be forced, by means of a blower. The condenser is in contact with the remaining components of the cooling circuit, by means of refrigerant lines. According to the invention, in order to reduce emissions from the air-conditioner, due to environmental damage considerations, the evaporator, together with the dedicated blower, is integrated in an evaporator unit, attached to the switch cabinet. The condenser, together with a dedicated blower, is integrated in a condenser unit, whereby the condenser unit is spatially separate from the evaporator unit and from the switch cabinet.

Abstract: A refrigerator adapted for playing and recording voice messages is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a cabinet for enclosing a refrigerating compartment, the cabinet having a door for providing access to the refrigerating compartment, a message center operatively connected to the cabinet. The message center includes a speaker, a microphone, and a display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ice maker for making ice which is installed within a refrigerator. In the ice maker 30 of the present invention, one end of an ice-making container 34 is supported by a frame 32, while the other end thereof is supported by a case 51 of a drive unit 50. The ice-making container 34 is made of metal, and a ground terminal 80 is electrically connected with the ice-making container 34 by a screw 75 for fastening the ice-making container 34 to the case 51, thereby establishing grounding therebeween. The ice maker is provided with a front face plate 42 for connecting the frame 32 and the drive unit 50 in the longitudinal direction along one side of the icemaking container 34. The front face plate 42 is formed with cold air passing-holes for guiding cold air within a freezing chamber of the refrigerator to the ice-making container 34. The cold air passing-holes 45 are provided with louvers 47 for more smoothly guiding the cold air to the air passing-holes, respectively.

Abstract: An ice-making system may include a bin configured to contain an initial quantity of water and an ice making assembly configured to make ice solely from the initial quantity of water. A conveyor may be configured to transport the ice from the ice making assembly to the bin, and a water circuit may be configured to re-circulate the initial quantity of water through the ice making assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ice making machine in which upon starting of ice making operation, a water level detecting switch starts measurement, a water-supply-stop time T1 being compared with a reference time T2. When the water-supply-stop time T1 is not longer than the reference time T2, it is determined that the ice making machine is in an excessive-ice-making state, and control is performed so as to reduce the RPM of a fan motor for cooling a condenser.

Abstract: A refrigerator which may allow vegetables kept more fresh by minimizing temperature fluctuations in a vegetable compartment. The refrigerator minimizes dehydration in food stored in the vegetable compartment, so that vegetables are kept fresh longer. The vegetable compartment is arranged so as to be surrounded by freezing temperatures, and cooled through radiation cooling without receiving blowing cool air thereto to minimize temperature fluctuations, so that vegetables may be keep more fresh. At the same time, the vegetable compartment is sealed so that convection does not occur thereby minimizing dehydration in food, so that food is allowed to be kept fresh longer. Furthermore, the refrigerator is provided with compartments whose temperatures may be set to freezing temperatures. The vegetable compartment is arranged so as to be surrounded by compartments whose temperatures are freezing temperatures via partition parts.

Abstract: A mount for retaining one or more necklaces is provided. The mount effectively retains two or more necklaces to keep them from becoming entangled together. The mount includes a loop of material to which the ends of the necklaces are mounted in turn. The ends of the necklaces may be mounted directly to the loop, but they are preferably mounted to loop connectors to extend away from the loop. Further, each of the loop connectors is preferably separated from its adjacent loop connector by a spacer. The spacer may be a decorative bead, for example, or an arced cylinder, to suit the wearer.

Abstract: A princess cut gemstone having a pavilion, a girdle, and a crown is disclosed. In the presently preferred embodiment, the princess cut gemstone is a diamond with 101 facets: a pavilion of 64 facets, a girdle of 4 facets, and a crown with 33 facets (including the table).

Abstract: Band-like jewellery is described and comprises a core formed by an elongate compressed and hammered chain, the width of which is variable along its length and which is covered externally by a continuous strip wound in a spiral on the core.

Abstract: A method is presented for the treatment of slag from electric steel plants which comprises the following steps: (a) transference of the slag into a metallurgical receptacle; (b) defoaming of the slag in this metallurgical receptacle by adding a defoaming agent, preferably silica; (c) subsequent heating of the slag to make it fluid; and (d) forced cooling of the slag, for example by an aqueous granulation.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates the recovery of energy from a glass facility, such as a glass manufacturing facility and/or a float glass facility. Various embodiments of the present invention incorporate an air separation unit with a glass facility whereby energy may be recovered, generated, and/or conserved. In various embodiments, energy is recovered, generated, and/or conserved through hot expansion, mass flow increase, more efficient fuel consumption and/or the like.

Abstract: Thin glass sheets may be processed in an effective fashion by electrostatically charging the sheets and applying them to an oppositely electrostatically charged carrier sheet. After processing is completed the carrier sheet may be removed and the processed sheet may be applied to its intended application such as to act as the front panel of an electronic display.