Abstract: A method is provided to select appropriate material properties for turbulent friction drag reduction, given a specific body configuration and freestream velocity. The method is based on a mathematical description of the balance of energy at the interface between the viscoelastic surface and the moving fluid, and permits determination of the interaction of turbulent boundary layer fluctuations with a viscoelastic layer by solving two subtasks—i.e., a hydrodynamic problem and an elasticity problem, which are coupled by absorption and compliancy coefficients. Displacement, velocity, and energy transfer boundary conditions on a viscoelastic surface are determined, and a Reynolds stress type turbulence model is modified to account for redistribution of turbulent energy in the near-wall of the boundary layer. The invention permits drag reduction by a coating with specified density, thickness, and complex shear modulus to be predicted for a given body geometry and freestream velocity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a gas sensor arrangement in which one or more gas sensors (4) are placed into rooms for monitoring or measuring gas or vapor concentrations or mixtures, a diffusion body (5) is placed in front of the gas sensors (4), the responsiveness of the gas sensors is impaired by structural design or contamination and/or the gas atmosphere is static. The sensor (4) or sensors (4.1 to 4.n) are placed in, on, or in front of a duct (1) located in the room and thus are within the flow area of said duct (1), and a flow is present in the duct (1) during measuring or monitoring. The duct can be artificially heated using a heater (6) to generate this flow.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for analyzing particulate matter in a gas for analyzing simply and with high precision the particulate matter in an engine emission and an apparatus therefor by which dry soot, SOF and sulfate in PM contained in an engine emission can be fractionated individually even in a trifle amount. The present invention further provides a carbon differentiating and analyzing apparatus capable of differentiating and analyzing with precision the organic carbon and the elemental carbon contained in a sample and capable of performing a predetermined analysis with precision in a short time by reducing the period of time required for the analysis. The present invention is constituted such that a heating furnace is provided with a filter which has caught PM contained in engine emission. The filter is heated at a predetermined temperature while passing an inert gas into the heating furnace to evaporate the SOF and sulfate contained in PM.

Abstract: A method and device for testing a metal part for weakness to deformation. The device includes a motor that moves a shaft and a load applicator toward and away from a part being tested. The motor is activated in accordance with a predetermined sequence and in dependence upon pressure sensed by a load cell associated with the shaft. In the method, displacement is measured by a displacement measuring device throughout the testing sequence in order to determine the part's resistance to deformation.

Abstract: An improved emission sampling and measurement system is provided for continuously sampling and analyzing the chemical content of a vehicle emissions and the ambient air for data evaluation and comparison. The emission sampling and measurement system comprises a vehicle having an emissions source, devices for intaking vehicle emissions and ambient air, and analysis devices for determining the chemical content of the emissions and ambient air. The gas streams may be dried in a series of selectively permeable drying tubes prior to measurement in the analysis devices, in order to effectuate a more precise sample of the constituent elements of the gases. Following analysis, the data collected is processed, stored, and compared, and the results displayed on a screen in the vehicle driver's compartment in a real-time manner. In this fashion, real-time comparative data analysis is presented in a format not presently available.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring dynamic load characteristics of wheels, which can be relatively easily installed on a portion between the body of the vehicle and the wheel to receive force from the road surface, which is cheap yet makes it possible to grasp the dynamic load characteristics of the wheel during the travel maintaining a sufficient degree of accuracy. The apparatus comprises a washer-type strain sensor incorporated between the body of a vehicle and a wheel, at a portion where it receives force from the road surface, e.g., at a portion where a shock absorber of the suspension system is attached to the main body of vehicle, and a means for measuring an output of the washer-type strain sensor while the vehicle is traveling.

Abstract: A method for identifying particular characteristics of a fuel injection system places a characterization resistor into a power circuit for each fuel injector. The resistance is selected once the characteristics of the fuel injector have been tested after assembly. The control for the fuel injector is able to query the particular fuel injector and determine its characteristics based upon a voltage which has been influenced by the characterization resistance. In another feature of this invention, coded information, such as the characterization resistance, is assigned to a number of possible combinations of characteristics in a spiral fashion if the characteristics were stored in a two dimensional array.

Abstract: An electronic tire pressure gauge with a rotary pressure measuring head is disclosed. A meter body is rotatably engaged with respect to the pressure measuring head. A light emitting element is installed at a select position of the pressure measuring head so as to provide a sufficient illumination in the dark. Thereby the user may find the air tap easily.

Abstract: A monitoring assembly for a pneumatic tire includes an electronic monitoring device having at least one sensor disposed in a protective body. The monitoring assembly is configured to float on a variety of liquids that are typically disposed within a tire. The protective body is liquid-tight and includes an encapsulation layer that encapsulates the substrate and sensors, a cushion, and a skin on the outside of the cushion. The protective body is substantially spherical allowing the assembly to roll about the inside of a tire without being permanently connected to the tire. The monitoring assembly is simply placed in a tire before the tire is mounted on a vehicle rim and allowed to move about loosely in the tire chamber when the tire is in use.

Abstract: A volume measurement system uses volume element counting in determining the amount of a liquid such as fuel in an irregularly-shaped container such as a fuel tank which can have changing orientation. The container is conceptually divided up into a plurality of volume elements. An orientation sensor determines the orientation of the container or of the liquid surface, which is approximated as a plane. A computational or optical processor uses orientation data to project vectors representing the volume elements onto a direction normal to the liquid interface plane. These projected distances are then arithmetically or optically compared to the location of the liquid interface plane.

Abstract: A volume meter 1 for measuring the volume of cups in a printing device has a reservoir formed by an indentation 5 in a foil 3. In the reservoir there is a viscous substance 11 comprising grease mixed with a colorant. The volume meter 1 has an adhesive 17 for fastening to a screen. The foil is free over an area 18 of the adhesive 17. This area 18 is larger than the spot that the viscous substance 11 covers after the spreading in the cups with the help of a doctor blade. The size of this spot is a measure for the volume of the cups and can be read with the aid of a scale division present on the foil 3. The indentation 5 in the foil 3 has such a form that the foil 3 does not fold double if a doctor blade is passed along the indentation 5, and the foil 3 at the place of the indentation 5 is pushed against the screen with the doctor blade in order to push the viscous substance 11 out of the reservoir.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for accurately logging a drill-stem test tool into place as the DST tool is conveyed by drill pipe or tubing to the desired location are provided. One aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for logging into place a drill stem test tool, comprising: a drill string comprising drill pipes or tubings; a drill stem test tool disposed on the drill string; an electromagnetic telemetry tool disposed on the drill string; and a gamma ray tool connected to the electromagnetic telemetry tool.

Abstract: A module assembly suitable for attachment to an inner surface of a vehicle windshield includes a housing and a rain sensor. The housing comprises a first side, which is configured to be generally adjacent the inner surface of the vehicle windshield when the module assembly is attached to the inner surface of the windshield. The housing further comprises a second side, which is generally opposing the first side. The module assembly further includes a rearview mirror assembly mounting member provided at the second side of the housing for releasably mounting a rearview mirror assembly to the module assembly. The rain sensor and at least one other vehicular accessory are accommodated in the housing, which is adapted at its first side for attachment to the inner surface of the vehicle windshield by at least one of a mechanical attachment and an adhesive attachment.

Abstract: A gyroscope comprises a piezoelectric substrate having a surface. Disposed on the surface are a resonator transducer, a pair of reflectors, a structure such as a metallic dot, and a sensor transducer. The resonator transducer creates a first surface acoustic wave on the surface. The pair of reflectors reflects the first surface acoustic wave to form a standing wave within a region of the surface between the pair of reflectors. The structure is disposed on the surface within the region, wherein a Coriolis force acting upon the structure creates a second surface acoustic wave. The sensor senses the second surface acoustic wave and provides an output indicative thereof.

Abstract: A yaw rate motion sensor (10) that includes a driving element (12) having a first axis for oscillating generally in the direction of the first axis upon application of a driving voltage. The motion sensor (10) includes a sensing element (14) for sensing relative differences in capacitance occasioned from the driving element upon application of a Coriolis force induced by an angular rotation and linkage (16) between the driving element (12) and the sensing element (14).

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system receives echo signals from a transducer for digital processing and image formation. An analog to digital converter converts the analog echo signals to digital signal samples. The dynamic range of the analog to digital converter is more efficiently used for harmonic imaging and saturation of the analog to digital converter is more effectively prevented by attenuating the fundamental signal content of echo signals prior to analog to digital conversion.

Abstract: An ultrasonic aligning device for laterally aligning a rail testing device with respect to a rail has an ultrasonic transducer formed of an array of closely spaced ultrasonic elements, with center to center distances between elements being selected to determine incremental lateral positions of the array relative to the rail. The ultrasonic elements are selectively actuated to cause the generation of ultrasonic beams towards the base portion of the rail. Reflections from the base portion are detected to produce reflection signals representative of the incidence of the ultrasonic beam onto said base portion. The reflection signals are processed by a reflection analyzer for a determination of the lateral offset of the ultrasonic array relative to the rail. A position signal indicative thereof is produced and used to laterally displace the array to achieve a desired lateral alignment of the rail testing device with the rail.

Abstract: A stylus 20 is mounted directly on detector 32 and the detector 32 is mounted directly on a holder 10. Thus, an vibration-type contact detection sensor 1 is formed in a state in which the holder 10 and the stylus 20 are placed out of contact with each other and the stylus 20 and the detector 32 are placed in contact with each other. Therefore, attenuation of vibration and status change of the stylus 20 by the holder 10 can be circumvented and vibration and status change of the stylus 20 can be propagated directly to the detector 32, so that the detector 32 can detect vibration and status change of the stylus 20 with high sensitivity, and contact with a workpiece can be detected with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided having a housing, a process connection which is connected to the housing and serves to feed a medium whose pressure (p) is to be measured to a membrane which his arranged in the housing, said membrane, in operation, undergoing a deflection which depends on the pressure (p) which is to be measured, which pressure sensor can have a seal made of a chemically highly resistant material and in which the membrane can consist either of ceramic or metal, which pressure sensor has a seal which seals a gap found between the housing and the process connection and/or the membrane, bears directly against the gap and covers the gap, and which is clamped between the housing and the membrane, and which pressure sensor has a spring which is two-legged in cross section, whose first and second legs enclose an acute angle, whose first leg has a leg surface which faces away from the second leg, rests on a supporting surface and is connected fixedly to the latter, and whose second leg has a leg surface

Abstract: A sensor has an electrical interconnect grown in a cavity between first and second layers that are bonded together. Electrically conductive grain growth material is selectively deposited on at least one of two electrically conductive film interconnect regions that face one another across the cavity. The grain growth material is then grown upon predetermined conditions to form the electrical interconnect between the two interconnect regions. A sensor element deposited in the cavity is electrically coupled between the layers by the interconnect. The grain growth material can be tantalum that is heated after the layers are bonded to grow grains that interconnect the electrically conductive films.

Abstract: A pressure transmitter includes a pressure sensor comprising a pressure cell having an interior to form a main cell cavity and a deflectable diaphragm which deflects in response to an applied pressure. The pressure sensor includes electrodes to compensate for hysteresis. A charge inverter amplifier includes a switch capacitor such that it may be implemented in a single integrated circuit.

Abstract: A device for encapsulating a monitoring device for a pneumatic tire with an encapsulation material includes an encapsulation body having an encapsulation chamber. The monitoring device has at least a pressure sensor and an antenna. A damming element is carried by the encapsulation body in an adjustable manner such that the damming element prevents the pressure sensor from being clogged with the encapsulating material when the monitoring device is encapsulated.

Abstract: A mass flowmeter operating by the Coriolis principle, with one essentially straight fluid-conducting Coriolis measuring tube, at least one oscillator associated with and exciting the Coriolis measuring tube, at least one detector associated with the Coriolis measuring tube and capturing the Coriolis forces and/or the Coriolis oscillations generated by Coriolis forces, and a compensating cylinder in which the Coriolis measuring tube is mounted by way of a mechanical connection to the compensating cylinder. The measuring accuracy of the mass flowmeter is further improved to a considerable extent by balancing both the excitation oscillation and the Coriolis oscillation of the Coriolis measuring tube within the compensating cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing flow rate errors derived from an ultrasonic flow meter utilized in semiconductor fabrication operations. The ultrasonic flow meter is generally configured to include an extension chamber connected to a thin branch tube of the ultrasonic flow meter. A venturi tube can be positioned at an outflow location of the ultrasonic flow meter, such that the thin branch tube is broached into the venturi tube, wherein bubbles contained in a slurry flow are forced directly into the outflow location to thereby prevent inaccurate flow measurements derived from the ultrasonic flow meter. The extension chamber may be configured to reduce an inflow velocity associated with the slurry slow and ensure that the bubbles with not drift with the slurry flow. Additionally, a diameter of the branch tube may be configured such that the diameter is much smaller than a diameter associated with an inflow and/or outflow tube of the ultrasonic flow meter.

Abstract: A probe to monitor airborne emissions contains all sensors and sampling tubes in one sleeve mounted at one location at the interior of a smokestack. Sensors include an airflow monitor and a temperature monitor. A separate blower tube us used to blow dirt off the sensors at the tip of the probe. Information received from the sensors and gas samples taken from within the smokestack are sent to a remote location for analysis. The probe is mounted on a bracket having three axes of rotation, thereby allowing the sensors and sampling tube to be located within the airstream at any desired position and orientation.

Abstract: A sampling valve (1), which is mounted on a container (5) has a valve stem (15) with a longitudinal bore (25), the front end of which opens into a cross bore (26) and is guided on this end in a sealed-tight manner inside an opening (7). The stem (15) is slidable between two positions by means of a lifting device (21). In the one end position the cross bore (26) opens into the interior space (6) of the container (5), in the other it opens into a valve chamber (10). The other end of the longitudinal bore (25) communicates with a nozzle (27), which is connected to an autosampler (72) via lines (67, 68) and a valve (70). The chamber (10) is connected to three valves (51-53) via a nozzle (33). The chamber (10) can be supplied with steam for sterilization purposes via the valve (51), and with sterile gas for transporting the extracted sample to the autosampler (72) via the valve (53). The device permits a practically loss-free, automatic, periodic extraction of small fluid samples from the container (5).

Abstract: The invention is directed to indicator inserts for industrial diagnostic gauges and to industrial diagnostic gauges having at least one indicator insert that are utilized in industrial applications such as pressure and temperature gauges utilized in petrochemical plants. The indicator insert preferably includes at least one indicator insert marking having luminescent materials and reflective materials to facilitate accurate reading of the industrial diagnostic gauges in low and no light conditions from distances greater than 4 feet. Broadly, the industrial diagnostic gauges include a housing, a diagnostic member, a face, at least one hand operatively associated with the diagnostic member, a clear window, an indicator insert, and a retaining ring. The indicator insert includes a top surface that includes at least one indicator insert marking.

Abstract: The eccentric assembly includes a shaft, first and second eccentric weights, and a member. The first and second eccentric weights are rotatably coupled to the shaft such that they generate vibrations which are transferred to the drum assembly of the vibration compacting machine when the shaft is rotated by a motor. The eccentric weights are also coupled to the shaft by the member which moves the eccentric weights between a first position where the eccentric weights are in phase and a second position where the eccentric weights are out-of-phase. When the eccentric weights are in phase the eccentric assembly generates a maximum moment of eccentricity about the shaft. As the rotational speed of the shaft increases to generate higher frequency vibrations, the eccentric weights move more out of phase reducing the moment of eccentricity generated by the rotating shaft.

Abstract: A power steering apparatus comprises a rotary cylinder supported with its movement in the axial direction restrained and rotated coaxially with the steering shaft by the force a transmitted from the motor for assisting steering, a plurality of feed rings held eccentrically in said rotary cylinder with their axial centers in parallel, and an engaging groove formed spirally around the outer circumference of the steering shaft for engaging with the projections provided circumferentially on the inner surfaces of the respective feed rings. With this arrangement, it becomes possible to convert the rotation of the motor into the movement in the axial direction of the steering shaft. Thus, this power steering apparatus has a low noise power transmission mechanism with a simple structure.

Abstract: A four-degree-of-freedom parallel robot capable of displacing a traveling plate with four degrees of freedom at a high speed and a high acceleration and positioning the traveling plate with high rigidity and high precision. The four-degree-of-freedom parallel robot has four actuators fixed to a base, four parallel linkages each of which is coupled at its upper end to a tip end of an arm of each of the actuators through a kinematic element such as a universal joint, and a traveling plate whose four corners are coupled to lower ends of the parallel linkages through kinematic elements. By controlling the actuators, a main member of the traveling plate is displaced with four degrees of freedom, i.e., translated in all directions and rotated around a predetermined axis. Only axial forces are applied to rods constituting the parallel linkages. Thus, the traveling plate can be positioned at a high speed and with high rigidity as well as high precision.

Abstract: A brake lever is adjustably positionable relative to a handlebar of a motorcycle. The lever includes a base, a lever, and an adjustment mechanism. The base is adapted to be pivotally coupled to a master cylinder coupled to the handlebar, and the lever is pivotally coupled to the base. The adjustment mechanism controllably positions the lever relative to the base to control spacing between the lever and the handlebar. The adjustment mechanism includes a cylinder and a pin. The cylinder is rotatable about a longitudinal axis, is coupled to one of the base and the lever, and has a first and second bore hole extending radially therein for first and second preselected distances, respectively. The pin is coupled to the other of the base and the lever, is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, and is alternately engageable with the first and second bore holes.

Abstract: An adjustable pedal assembly for a motor vehicle an upper arm having a pivot axis and first and second generally planar members, and a lower arm having a lower end carrying a pedal and an upper end operatively connected to the upper arm for selected movement relative to the upper arm. The first and second members are generally parallel and spaced apart. The first and second members each form first and second camming surfaces at a peripheral edge thereof. The upper arm carries first and second cam pins laterally extending from the lower arm and engaging the first and second camming surfaces respectively. The first and second camming surfaces and the first and second cam pins are adapted to mechanically lock the upper and lower arms together for mutual rotation about the pivot axis upon application of a load to the pedal. Preferably a spring operably connects the upper and lower arms to resiliently bias the first and second cam pins into engagement with the first and second camming surfaces.

Abstract: A locking mechanism includes a seat having four comers each having a tube foamed thereon. Four guide posts of a base of a shaper extend through one of the tubes of the four corners, respectively. Each guide post is clamped by a respective tube when in a locking position. The seat further comprises two longitudinal through-holes each for receiving a connecting rod. Each connecting rod has two ends respectively operatively connected to two of the four tubes of the seat. One of the connecting rods is moved to urge each tube to the locking position. The connecting rods are linked together to thereby allow synchronous movement of the connecting rods. Thus, when one of the connecting rods is moved, all of the lugs are moved to the locking position to thereby synchronously clamp the guide posts of the base.

Abstract: A power-saving driving device for treading the pedals of a bicycle is disclosed. Thereby, the driver may use a smaller force to tread a bicycle so that a higher efficiency is provided. The power-saving device comprises two crank axles. The two crank axles are fixed to a gear box. Two spur gears are engaged to the gear box, and two free wheels are installed at an exterior of the gear box. The two spur gears and two free wheels are connected to the two crank axles. The two free wheels are connected through a chain; and a chain wheel and a bearing are connected to the crank axles. Thereby, the forces from the right and left legs can be outputted effectively. The driving of a bicycle and the power necessary are improved. Therefore, the driver treads the pedals with a smaller depth and thus the physical consumption is reduced.

Abstract: To provide a motive-power transmission device for a vehicle including a torque converter, a gearbox, and a clutch for cutting off the transmission of motive power between the input shaft of the gearbox and the turbine of the torque converter. The gearbox is accommodated in the crankcase, and the motive-power transmission device is compact in the axial direction of the crankshaft. A motive-power transmission device for a vehicle includes the crankshaft and the input shaft of the gearbox journaled freely rotatably in the crankcase, their axes being parallel to each other; the torque converter is mounted on one end portion of the crankshaft; and the clutch is separated along the axial direction of the crankshaft from the torque converter and so mounted on one end portion of the input shaft that part of the clutch overlaps the torque converter as seen in the axial direction of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A device for holding a container while removing a twist-on lid for the container. The device includes a horizontal base having a top surface for supporting the bottom of the container. Two vertical elongate legs are secured side-by-side along bottom surfaces thereof to the top surface of the base and the legs extend divergently with respect to each other whereby inner left and right opposing surfaces of the legs, as horizontally viewed therein from the most divergent ends of the legs, face each other to form a wedge for engaging bottom side portions of a container positioned therebetween. An elastic surface is disposed on the left of the inner opposing surfaces for gripping bottom side surfaces of a container engaging and being rotated between the inner opposing surfaces of the legs. The opposing surfaces of the legs extend upwardly from the base in a height of between two to three inches.

Abstract: A hand tool for turning sockets connectable to nuts and bolts has a handle attached to a head having an inside cylindrical surface. A body joined to a member for holding a socket has a plurality of pockets facing the cylindrical surface and chord ramps at the bottom of the pockets. The middle portions of each ramp has at least one axial groove to accommodate a roller to prevent inadvertent shifting of the roller to a reverse drive position. Rollers located in the pockets engage the ramps and cylindrical surface to selectively lock and unlock the head to the body so that when the handle is oscillated the body intermittently rotates. A ring mounted on the body is manually moved to shift the rollers between opposite end sections of the pockets. A socket release bill mounted on the member is controlled by a stem movably mounted on the body and member.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench is disclosed. The wrench includes a handle including a head and an elongate grippable portion. The head includes toothed walls defining a palm socket receiving aperture. The handle carries a manually actuatable spring biased lever having a latching portion projecting into the aperture in a normal position and an external actuating portion spaced from the latching portion for manual actuation against the spring bias to shift the latching portion from its normal position to a release position at least partially within a lever recess in the handle. A palm ratchet is disclosed which has a toothed perimeteral portion insertable into the aperture when the latching portion is in its release position. The perimeteral portion includes a surface defining a latching recess for receiving the latching portion when the latching portion is in the normal position thereby maintaining the handle and palm ratchet in a connected condition.

Abstract: A ratchet tool includes an engaging member rotatably received in the head of the tool and a pawl is engaged with the toothed outer periphery of the engaging member. A notch is defined in a side opposite to the toothed surface of the pawl and one of two ends of the pawl is removably engaged with the inner periphery of the head. A selection member is received in the head and has a receiving hole for receiving a pin and a second spring therein. The pin is biased by the second spring and engaged with the notch. A protrusion extends from the selection member and a ball received in a recess in the inner periphery of the head is engaged with the protrusion.

Abstract: A ratchet tool in which a receptacle is formed between the head section and the handle. A ratchet block and a spring are disposed in the receptacle. The top face of the receptacle is formed with a slot communicating with the receptacle and outward passing through the main body of the ratchet tool. The top face of the ratchet block is formed with an insertion section in which a driving block is inlaid. The driving block has a driving rod extending through and out of the slot to screw with a push button. By means of pushing the push button, the driving rod is linearly moved within the slot, whereby the driving block drives the ratchet block to change the wrenching direction of the ratchet tool.

Abstract: A pawl controlling device for a ratchet tool includes a V-shaped spring which is secured to a plate which is movably inserted into a slot of the tool and two distal ends of the spring are respectively engaged with two concavities of a pawl. The pawl is shifted by either of the two distal ends of the spring when moving the plate.

Abstract: The invention consists of a process for the control of the motorized feed drive for the movable workplace table of a machine tool, in particular the rolling carriage of a circular saw. The manual force that is applied by the operator in direction of the feed is sensed and converted to a corresponding measured value. From this a set value for the feed rate of the rolling carriage is created and from that is derived a control signal for the drive.

Abstract: A machine for cutting damaged ends off of rolls of wound sheet material includes a saw that moves in a circular motion about the circumference of one end of the roll of material. The circular motion of the saw is coupled with a movement of the saw radially inward toward the center of the axis of the circular movement. The roll is thereby cut in ever increasing depths about its circumference. The machine is mounted on a portable hydraulic lift and controlled by a remote controller positioned a safe distance away from the saw. The machine and the roll of material can be more easily aligned through the use of an alignment track.

Abstract: A device for trimming multiple streams of printed products including a first trimming unit for trimming at least one side of a first stream of printed products, and a second trimming unit for trimming at least one side of a second stream of printed products, the first stream and the second stream having a similar direction. Also disclosed is a method for trimming multiple streams of printed products comprising moving a first stream of printed products in a first direction, trimming at least one side of the first stream, moving a second stream of printed products separate from the first stream in a direction similar to the first direction, and trimming at least one side of the second stream.

Abstract: A sleeve-type gas spring for a turret indexing press has an annular piston operably associated with a punch tool to reciprocate therewith and defining in part an annular gas chamber constructed to receive a gas under pressure. As the punch tool and piston are driven to their extended position by a press ram or some such other power device, the volume of the gas chamber decreases thereby increasing the pressure within the gas chamber such that when the ram is retracted, the pressure of the gas acting on the piston displaces the piston and the punch tool to their retracted positions. The force acting to retract the piston and the punch is dependent on the initial pressure of the gas within the gas chamber and the change in volume of the gas chamber as the punch tool and piston are extended.

Abstract: An improved spent shell carriage container, storage and dispensing hopper system provides two structures which can be added to a standard sized bucket, one structure through direct mounting and the other through drop insertion, to produce a spent shell carriage container and dispensing hopper. The direct mounting structure is simply a latch to hold a lower portion of the drop in structure in the closed position. The drop in structure includes a first member which can be shaped to gather support from the inside of the bucket to provide an angled approach to a second member acting as a door. The second member is sized as a partial cup to prevent, limit and stabilize the spent shells appearing and passing through the opening so that a hand sized accumulation will be available for quick manual engagement and loading on the reloading equipment.

Abstract: A firearm muzzle brake for utilization for a projectile surrounded by a sabot includes an outer housing, a baffle received within the outer housing and having a bore extending therethrough, and an inner core received within the bore of the baffle and having a bore extending therethrough. The bore of the core has a first section having a diameter that is adapted to allow a sabot to partially tear away from an associated projectile as the projectile and sabot travel through the first section of the bore of the core, and a second section having a second diameter that is adapted to hold the sabot in close contact with the projectile as the projectile travels through the second section of the bore of the core.

Abstract: An improved shooting system is provided by using a firearm having a telescopic gunsight mounted a predetermined distance above the barrel in conjunction with a computer including a controller, memory; a program stored in memory for calculating targeting information. The computer can be a hand-held, personal digital assistant type device which enables the user to input information regarding weather, gun and ammunition characteristics, and target information, including range to target, and which quickly calculates the adjustments which need to be made to a conventional scope, or the location on the reticle which should be used as an aiming point, in order to hit the target.

Abstract: An automatic weapon has a housing 1 with a movable spring-mounted barrel assembly 6 having a barrel 7 and a receiver 8. The receiver 8 has a spring-mounted bolt support 24 with a bolt 27, a buffer mechanism 32 and a firing pin mechanism 33 having a movable firing hammer 36 which interacts with the bolt support 24. The housing 1 has a trigger mechanism 50 with a firing trigger 52, a sear 43 with a spring-mounted pawl 18 interacting with the trigger 52 and the firing hammer 36, and a movable tripper 53 with cams (56, 67) interacting with the spring-mounted pawl 48 and the trigger 52. A device angularly displaces the barrel assembly 6 relative to the housing 1 and a muzzle attachment device 13 has expanding chambers with intercrossing cavities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brake force booster for automotive vehicles which includes a booster housing whose interior space is subdivided by a movable wall into a working chamber and a vacuum chamber, and a control housing which carries the movable wall and in which a control valve is arranged for controlling a pressure differential that acts upon the movable wall, the said control valve being operable by an operating rod by way of a valve piston and by an electromagnet. According to the present invention, the brake force booster is characterized in that the electromagnet is actuatable in dependence on the relative displacement between the valve piston and the control housing detected by a sensor. This arrangement makes possible a very simple control of a brake assist function because the signal of the sensor can be used both for the activation and the deactivation of the electromagnet.