Abstract: The invention relates to solid compositions that can decompose generating hydrogen in a self-sustaining combustion reaction after this reaction has been initiated by an appropriate heat source. These compositions comprise an alkali metal borohydride and an oxidizing mineral ammonium salt of formula NH4Y, in which Y represents a group consisting only of nitrogen and oxygen. The ratio of the weight content of alkali metal borohydride to the weight content of the salt of general formula NH4Y is between 1 and 4. Thus, high hydrogen mass yields are obtained, of around 8 to 14%, thereby making it possible to reduce the size and the weight of the hydrogen generators used in certain systems, especially in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to granules comprising a homogenous mixture of metal flakes and/or metal powder and metal oxide powder, and a binder. The process also relates to a process for producing such granules. The process includes the step of forming a mixture of metal flakes and metal oxide powder, forming the mixture into a homogenous blend, adding the blend, together with a binder, to a granulator to form granules, and drying the granules. Granules so formed containing aluminium, aluminium oxide and iron oxide find particular use as sensitisers and energisers in explosives compositions.

Abstract: A tire carcass structure includes at least one carcass ply and a pair of annular reinforcing structures. The at least one carcass ply includes a first and second series of strip segments. Each strip segment extends around a cross-section profile of the carcass structure to define two lateral portions and an annulus portion. Each annular reinforcing structure includes at least one primary portion and at least one additional portion. The at least one primary portion includes a first circumferentially-inextensible annular insert and a filling body. The at least one additional portion includes at least one second circumferentially-inextensible annular insert. The first annular insert and the at least one second annular insert include one or more elongated elements extending in substantially-concentric turns. A radial extension of the at least one second annular insert is less than a radial extension of the first annular insert.

Abstract: A reinforcing cord for a belt ply or a carcass ply of a pneumatic vehicle tire is provided and comprises a core filament and four to six ply filaments. The core filament is comprised of an elastically or plastically deformable polymeric material, or is encased with such a material, which fills the space surrounded by the ply filaments and/or penetrates into the gaps between the ply filaments.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire having a toroidal carcass.

Abstract: An improved method of and apparatus that is continuously automatically operative in an in-line system is described for applying under heat, vacuum and mechanical pressure a dry film photoresist-forming layer to printed circuit boards (136) that already have been prelaminated by the loose application thereto of the dry film resist as discrete cut sheets within the confines of the surface of the boards whereby a laminate without entrapped air bubbles and closely conforming to the raised circuit traces and irregular surface contours of the printed circuit board is obtained.

Abstract: The apparatus and method uses grooved rollers and a grooved guide plate to position zipper segments on a web. The web is subsequently formed into a cylinder in a form fill and seal apparatus and seal bar assemblies form the bottom transverse seal, the web is indexed and the cylinder is filled, and the seal bar assemblies form the top transverse seal simultaneously with the bottom transverse seal of a subsequent bag. A zipper seal bar completes the sealing of the zipper segment to a second side of the web and a knife extends from a slot in a seal bar assembly to separate the completed bag from the web. This apparatus and method is particularly adapted to narrow zipper segments.

Abstract: A method uses a treatment process for surfaces which subsequently are to be connected by bonding, gluing or molding. The surfaces are exposed to an atmosphere with activated hydrogen. The connection is made a process step for eliminating the conservation treatment. The surfaces can be subjected to a plasma discharge in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. The plasma discharge is operated by a cathode/anode path as a DC discharge, and using a thermionic cathode as the cathode. The workpiece to be stored in air comprises a connection, which by gluing, bonding or molding, is subjectable to substantially higher stress than an identical workpiece which is stored in an identical manner, this being determinable by essentially identical Auger diagrams.

Abstract: A cutting segment for a False Drum (100,200,300) having a cylindrical outer surface (202,306) comprises a slot (204,224,330) extending generally axially from end-to-end of the cylindrical surface, a door panel (322) having substantially the same size and shape as the slot; and a mechanism (320) for opening and closing the door panel. The mechanism for selectively opening and closing the door panel includes an elongate lever (324), one end of which supports the door panel, the other end of which is pivotally attached to a stationary portion (point) of the drum, a spring (326) extending between an inner surface of the door panel and another stationary portion of the drum; and an inflatable pneumatic tube (328) disposed between the lever and yet another stationary portion of the drum. There is thereby provided a method of supporting material overlying the cutting slot of the False Drum, by opening the slot when cutting the material, and closing the slot when not cutting the material.

Abstract: A tire structural member manufacturing method forms a tire structural member from a narrow continuous strip by small, inexpensive equipment capable of being directly combined with a tire structural member forming machine, and a tire structural member manufacturing system carries out the tire structural member manufacturing method. The tire structural member manufacturing methods consists of a small number of steps and can be carried out by an efficient, simple, inexpensive tire structural member manufacturing system. The tire structural member manufacturing method forms a tire structural member by the steps of continuously forming a continuous strip of a width including that of a joint lap, cutting the continuous strip into successive cut strips of a length substantially equal to the section width of a tire, and successively laying and joining a predetermined number of the cut strips.

Abstract: An improved filament winding method and apparatus for fabrication of composite material products is based on a mechanism that rotates filaments around a non-rotating mandrel. The primary filaments in predetermined patterns tend to move on the mandrel and thus such filaments are fixed in position relative to the mandrel by over-wrapping them with secondary filaments applied over the primary filaments. The winding mechanism functions by rotating filament spools around a non-rotating mandrel rather than rotating the mandrel to pull the filaments onto the mandrel. The mandrel is axially translated through the center of the winding mechanism or the winding mechanism is translated over a stationary mandrel which is supported in such a manner as to provide for such translation.

Abstract: A self-adhesive strap structure facilitating patterned mark formation is disclosed. The blanket face of the blanket portion is first formed and the blanket face having needle-like top mold is placed into the mold. A high-pressure ejection-molding step is used to provide plastic material to the rear side of the blanket face for fusion so that the plastic board body is formed as one unit with the rear side of the blanket face so as to provide best strength. The plastic board body is to be formed with a specific patterned mark so that the self-adhesive strap that formed can be designed with a mark for recognization.

Abstract: A method of embossing expanded graphite sheet material comprises embossing the material in an embossing atmosphere at a reduced pressure less than atmospheric pressure and maintaining a reduced pressure at least during the embossing step. Preferably, the pressure of the embossing atmosphere is less than or equal to about 400 torr. The embossing atmosphere may comprise an inert gas, such as nitrogen, helium and argon, for example.

Abstract: Hot-melt webs are located on an outer surface of a pad member and an inner surface of a cover member, individually. The pad member and the cover member are heated to melt the hot-melt webs by means of heaters from the sides opposite the webs, individually. As fibrous hot-melt adhesive elements are cut at every turn and separated to insular pieces, they are distributed like mist drops in the outer surface of the pad member and the inner surface of the cover member. Thereafter, the pad member and the cover member are superposed and pressurized so that they are bonded to each other.

Abstract: Electrical circuit elements such as electrically conductive strips are permanently applied to the surface of polyolefin parts, such as polyethylene parts which are manufactured by rotational molding, by use of a transfer which can be applied to the interior surface of a rotational mold at the start of the molding cycle or can be applied to the molded part after its formation. The transfer comprises a carrier sheet on which the conductive circuit elements are printed with a mixture of wax or polyethylene powders containing from 30 to about 60 weight percent of conductive particles, preferably metal flakes. After application, the carrier sheet is removed and the conductive circuit elements are permanently incorporated into the surface of the polyethylene part by heating, either during the rotational molding cycle or by post-cycle heating of the formed part.

Abstract: A method for coating an orifice plate and an orifice plate having a non-wetting coating thereon is provided. To form the plate, material having non-wetting characteristics can be provided as a surface of a transfer block. The non-wetting material is preferably Teflon (PTFE) and the transfer block is preferably a relatively soft material, which preferably has good heat transfer properties, such as aluminum. The surface of the transfer block comprising the non-wetting material can be pressed against the orifice plate, preferably under heating conditions. In one embodiment of the invention, the non-wetting surface is pressed against a secondary transfer block to coat the secondary transfer block with the non-wetting material and the coated surface of this second block is pressed against the orifice plate, preferably under heating conditions.

Abstract: A screen printing plate which includes an ink permeable member through which ink permeates, and an ink blocking material which adheres to the ink permeable member and blocks permeation of ink. The fluid ink blocking material is ejected onto the ink permeable member. Alternatively, the fluid ink blocking material is ejected onto an intermediate transfer member and then transferred onto the ink permeable member. The ink blocking material solidifies on the ink permeable member, thereby forming a pattern of ink blocking material on the ink permeable member. The ink blocking material is preferably ejected using an ink jetting device.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing shaped components for absorbent articles from web materials including the following steps. A first web of material is provided in a machine direction. The first web is cut into at least two shaped strips having alternating nested projecting portions defined by at least one shaping cut having a pattern extending in the machine direction and alternately extending in the cross machine direction to alternate distal points located between longitudinal side edges of the first web. At least a first and a second of the shaped strips are separated. A second web of material is provided in the machine direction. At least the first shaped strip is joined to the second web. The second web is repositioned in the cross machine direction a predetermined distance. At least the second shaped strip is joined to the second web. The resultant composite web is cut into separate shaped components.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a refastenable absorbent garment comprises moving a continuous absorbent garment subassembly in a machine direction, wherein the continuous absorbent garment subassembly comprises a continuous front body panel web, a continuous rear body panel web and a plurality of discrete crotch portions spaced along the machine direction and connecting the continuous front and rear body panel webs. The crotch portions are folded in a cross direction with one of the continuous front and rear body panel webs folded over the other of the continuous front and rear body panel webs in the cross direction. The method further comprises successively cutting the continuous front and rear body panels of the continuous absorbent garment subassembly in the cross direction and thereby forming a plurality of discrete absorbent garment subassemblies, each of which comprises a front body panel and a rear body panel, wherein the front and rear body panels are connected with the crotch portion.

Abstract: There is provided a process for forming profiled elastic laminates suitable for forming profiled elastic ear portions. The process comprises the steps of providing a continuous length of at least one elastic web material having a first width and a continuous length of a first extensible nonelastic web having a second width. The extensible web is extensible in at least the width dimension. The at least one elastic web material and the first extensible nonelastic web are joined to form a first laminate. The first laminate is cut into at least two adjacent continuous lengths of at least two nested profiled laminates. The nested profiled laminates each have at least one profiled edge. Adjacent profiled edges of adjacent profiled laminates are substantial negatives of each other. The adjacent profiled laminates are then physically separated from each other.

Abstract: A method for assembling a refastenable absorbent garment includes moving a landing material in a machine direction, wherein the landing material has opposite lateral side edges, moving a fastener material in a machine direction, wherein the fastener material comprises a refastenable portion and a base portion, and removeably attaching the refastenable portion of the fastener material to at least one of the side edges of the landing material. The method preferably further includes successively cutting the landing material with the fastener material removeably attached thereto along a cross direction and thereby forming a plurality of landing members with a fastener member removeably attached thereto and successively rotating each of the plurality of landing members with the fastener member removeably attached thereto.

Abstract: A method of making a resonant frequency circuit is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (1) forming a first adhesive layer in a first predetermined pattern on a surface of a first substrate; (2) laminating a first conductive foil to the surface of the first substrate to form a first conductive layer; (3) forming a first portion of the first conductive layer in a shape generally corresponding to the first predetermined pattern; and (4) removing a second portion of the first conductive layer not corresponding to the first portion to establish a first conductive trace on the first substrate. A third conductive trace is formed on a third substrate. The third conductive trace is secured to the first conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween to form the resonant frequency circuit.

Abstract: To provide an anisotropically conductive adhesive composition that can be rapidly cured at a low temperature during thermocompression bonding and has a sufficiently long working life, while also exhibiting excellent mutual connection stability after connection between substrates. The anisotropically conductive adhesive composition comprises an epoxy resin comprising a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and a glycidyl group-containing epoxy resin, an ultraviolet activatable cationic polymerization catalyst and a cationic polymerization retarder, and conductive particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of installing a tubular element in a cavity. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a unit comprising said tubular element and a layer of a fixing compound which covers the entire outer periphery of said tubular element, at least over a fraction of its length; positioning said unit along the inside wall of said cavity; and applying activation treatment to said compound in such a manner as to fix said tubular element to said inside wall. The unit is preferably placed on the bottom of the cavity.

Abstract: Methods for the use of laser beams in the case of plastic monofilaments are proposed. For structural modifying monofilaments or individual monofilaments of a monofilament union, the monofilament to be structurally modified is extruded with LS-absorbing additives and subsequently treated with laser beams.

Abstract: A process for flashless hot melt bonding of seamed flexible belts having a substrate and a seam having interlocking seam members, wherein the interlocking seam members are held together by an adhesive for use in electrostatographic, contact electrostatic, digital and other like machines, wherein the process includes: a) providing a release layer having an adhesive strip on a front side of the release layer, wherein the release layer is wider than the adhesive strip; b) providing the release layer containing the adhesive strip over the seam, wherein the front side of the release layer containing the adhesive strip is in contact with the seam and mutually mating members; c) thermal compressive adhesive bonding of the release layer to the seam, and d) optionally postcuring the seam; and wherein virtually no flashing of the adhesive outside the seam occurs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma resistant member having a reinforced mechanical strength and being sufficiently durable to exposure to a low pressure high density plasma. At least the surface of the alumina based material is formed of an oxide or composite oxide layer of a group IIIA element via an intermediate layer. It is preferable in the construction of the plasma resistant member that the intermediate layer comprises 10 to 80% by weight of the oxide or composite oxide of the group IIIA element in the periodic table and 90 to 20% by weight of alumina. The intermediate layer may also comprise a course ceramic with a porosity of 0.2 to 5%. It is also desirable that at least one of the conditions such as a difference in the thermal shrinkage ratio at 1600 to 1900° C. of 3% or less is provided.

Abstract: A subtract such as a semiconductor wafer, a glass substrate, or a liquid crystal display is polished to a flat mirror finish, and then is cleaned to a high degree of cleanliness. A polishing section having at least one polishing unit performs primary polishing and secondary polishing of the substrate by pressing the substrate against a polishing surface. A cleaning section cleans the substrate which has been polished to remove particles attached to the substrate by a scrubbing cleaning. Metal ions are removed from the substrate by supplying an etching liquid.

Abstract: The present invention describes a chemical solution recycling apparatus in a spin etching and cleaning process chamber for manufacturing semiconductor devices. Modification of the exterior dimension and the main structure of the process chamber is not necessary. The recycling apparatus in accordance with the present invention may separate different chemical solutions into different vessels and recycle them thereafter. The recycling apparatus comprises a recycling ring moving up and down to collect the solution and a recycling circular tray for sorting the chemical solutions in different trenches and drains. Therefore, the chemical solutions may be collected by assigned vessels or recycled into the process chamber after necessary quality inspections.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of a semiconductor device includes: a chamber having a sidewall; a window viewer of transparent material passing through the sidewall of the chamber; a window frame fixing the window viewer in the sidewall, the window frame having at least one opening; an image pickup device in the at least one opening, the image pickup device making image data showing a state of the chamber; and a logical operator connected to the image pickup device, the logical operator deciding whether the state of the chamber is normal or not by analyzing the image data.

Abstract: A vacuum processing apparatus 50 is provided with a bypass line 52 for causing a vacuum transfer chamber 4 and a load-lock chamber 12 to communicate with each other, and a bypass opening and shutting valve 54 for opening and shutting the corresponding bypass line 52, wherein by opening the bypass opening and shutting valve 54, a pressure-reduced state at the vacuum transfer chamber 4 side can be shifted to the load-lock chamber 12 side, and the pressure reduction of the load-lock chamber 12 can be carried out in a short time.

Abstract: A false drum servers used in the manufacture of tires having a hollow cylindrical drum with a perforated surface on the drum through which air is drawn. The drawn air creating a suction surface for holding flat or sheet materials that are to be cut before transferring onto a tire building drum. When smaller pieces of flat materials are being held on the drum, the perforations that are not covered allow air to flow freely into the drum, thereby reducing the suction adhering effect of the perforated surface. The present invention provides methods and apparatus for varying the amount of perforated area through which air can be drawn into the drum, thereby changing the amount of suction adhering surface area of the perforated drum.

Abstract: A band forming drum includes a plurality of radially expandable/contractible segments, defining an outer circumferential surface of the drum for winding carcass materials thereon and thereby forming a generally cylindrical carcass band, a pair of tapered cones concentrically arranged inside said segments, each having a tapered face and capable of axially moving over about a half length of the segments, and a driving means for displacing the tapered cones toward and away from each other or synchronously in the same direction over their entire movable ranges, and also for positioning and stopping the cones at required positions. Each of the segment has an inclined surface which contacts the tapered face of each the tapered cone for converting an axial displacement of the tapered cone into a radial displacement thereof.

Abstract: A print producing apparatus of a print producing system is provided with a recording medium conveying section which intermittently conveys a strip-like hologram recording medium, a cutting out section which cuts out, as a piece of hologram recording medium, a predetermined region of the recording medium that includes at least a piece of a holographic stereogram image or a hologram from a hologram recording medium, a film retaining section and a film supplying section which one by one provides plural sheets of protecting film PF which are retained, a film opening and closing section which opens and folds a single sheet of the PF which has been folded in two along a folding line of the PF, a mounting retaining and supplying section which one by one provides plural sheets of mountings, and a laminating section which laminates the recording medium piece for hologram and the mounting with the PF.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a packaging or cushioning product made from grains comprising an essentially flat support, means for driving the support in translational movement, means for depositing on the support a first fiber sheet, means for distributing popped or unpopped grains on the fiber sheet; means for spreading the grains on the fiber sheet to thereby form a layer of grains, means for depositing a second fiber sheet on the layer of grains, and means for attaching the fiber sheets to each other to at least partially separate said grains to form the packaging or cushioning products.

Abstract: A hand-held device for transferring a film of, for example, an adhesive, a covering, or colored material, from a supply tape onto a substrate. The device has a base body, in which the supply and an application member are provided, and a cover for the application member. The cover is movable between a covering position, covering the application member, and a release position, exposing the application member. The cover is pivotably attached to the base body and to maintain the overall compactness of the device, the cover substantially follows the circular outline defined by the outer contour of the base body with minimal clearance gap between the cover and the base body.

Abstract: System for handling components in connection with circuit board assembly in a component mounting machine. The system comprises a number of component tapes provided on component tape reels, and a number of tape guides arranged for receiving component tapes of a given component tape width and for bringing the component tape in position for feeding of the component tape and for picking components from the component tape in the component mounting machine. The tape guides have a similar geometrical outline and basic configuration, and each tape guide comprises a component exposure device for exposing a component at a picking position by removing the portion of the cover tape covering the component. The tape guides are divided into sub-sets of tape guides, wherein the tape guides of each individual sub-set have component exposure devices of the same design, which design is dependent on the configurations of the component tapes intended for that sub-set of tape guides.

Abstract: In method and apparatus for manufacturing an optical disc, a transparent disc substrate having two relatively wide-area surfaces thereof on at least one of which an information is recorded and a first reflective film is formed onto a dummy disc having the similar relatively wide-area surfaces thereof on at least one which another information is recorded and a second reflective film having a light semi-transmissive characteristic is formed are bonded via an adhesive layer and, thereafter, an external force is applied between the dummy disc and the disc substrate through an integrated center hole penetrated through the dummy disc and the disc substrate at center positions thereof to peel off the dummy disc at a first interface between the dummy disc and the second reflective film thereof.

Abstract: A curtain-attached blind includes a blind, the blind having a plurality of slats, each slat having a front end, a rear end, and a connecting portion at the front end, a curtain, the curtain having a plurality of connecting members, and fasteners adapted to secure the connecting members of the curtain to the connecting portion of each of the slats.

Abstract: A Venetian blind includes upper and lower slats units whose tilting angles are independently and respectively controlled by first and second angle adjusting mechanisms. The first angle adjusting mechanism includes a first shaft journalled in a headrail, two pairs of first ladder cords secured to the first shaft and abutting against longitudinal sides of each of the upper slats, and a plurality of slat-supporting cords disposed respectively under the upper slats and extending between the first ladder cords. The second angle adjusting mechanism includes a second shaft journalled in the headrail, two pairs of second ladder cords secured to the second shaft and abutting against longitudinal sides of each of the lower slats, and a plurality of slat-supporting cords disposed respectively under the lower slats and extending between the second ladder cords.

Abstract: A collapsible, self-standing, rigid laser containment barrier, which includes at least two adjacent, substantially rigid laser beam absorption panels hingably attached to each other using first and second pairs of aligned hinge pins proximal top and bottom edges and near first and second sides of each laser beam absorption panel and a rigid light strip having a front face including first and second pairs of laterally extending hinge brackets. Each of the hinge bracket pairs corresponds to and is aligned with one of the first and second hinge pin pairs, and includes a hinge pin hole passing therethrough. Each of the hinge pins passes through one of the hinge pin holes to hingably attach the two adjacent laser beam absorption panels.

Abstract: A rectangular movable cover for a window that affords a house or building privacy along with a view of the outside area without covering the window with a shade or blind. The cover consists of 3 or 2 sections that sits on a window sill, made up of dowel sticks and fabric. The sections are hinged together.

Abstract: A sectional door includes a series of track-guided pivotal door panels, wherein at least one of the door panels comprises several interlocked panel members. The panel members are of various widths so they can be assembled in different combinations to create a door panel of a desired total width. The panel members can be extrusions that are readily cut to length to match doorways of various widths. The ability to readily provide a panel in various widths and lengths makes such a door panel particularly useful as a replacement panel whose size needs to match that of existing door panels. In some cases, one or more panel members can be transparent to create a door panel with an integral window.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a window shade with a shade panel, with a rotatable winding shaft 1 for winding up the panel onto the winding shaft 1 to form a roll 2 and for unwinding the panel from this winding shaft 1 to form a panel surface 3, and with a drive M. The invention is characterized in that control means R are provided upline of the winding shaft 1 to vary the rotational speed of the winding shaft in such a way that the winding shaft 1 has several periods in each revolution, where the angular velocity changes in a predetermined manner within each period.

Abstract: A system and method for rapidly and reliably sealing off a selected opening from the passage of smoke, noxious fumes, or contaminated air includes a powered clutch and viscous governor that provides a fail-safe mode of operation. A curtain is positioned in a housing adjacent to an upper limit of an opening such as a hoist access-way. The curtain is wrapped around a spindle that is connected to a spool via two cords. The curtain is held in the housing in a stored configuration by a powered clutch so that upon removal of power, either via a controller or by power loss, the clutch releases the spool allowing the cord to unwind lowering and thus deploying the curtain. A capacitor can be included to prevent inadvertent deployments due to momentary power loss. The speed at which the spool rotates, and correspondingly the curtain deploys, is limited by a viscous governor coupled to the spool.

Abstract: It includes a coiler device for blinds foreseen for being connected to the ends of an axis (1) of a winding-on drum (2); that it involves a support portion connected with retention by interlocking of at least a defined elastic element in a support element (3) for its fixation to a ceiling (4) or in a wall, so that this support portion extends radially with respect to the axis (1) of the drum (2) and involves a cavity with an access opening, and because the support element (3) incorporates two fins (9), with elastic deformation and fits to pressure within the mentioned cavity capable of showing through two windows (10) one in front of the other of the mentioned cavity.

Abstract: A mass marketable decorative window treatment system employs adjustable-width and adjustable-length valance pieces that can be hung from a conventional curtain rod on which a rod sleeve has been mounted. Hook and loop fastener means are employed on both the valance pieces and on a curtain rod subassembly so that the decorative window treatment components need not be permanently secured to a board as required with similar custom window treatments The width and length of individual valance pieces, such as swags and balloons, can be adjusted so that the standard size components can be used for different size windows. Individual window treatment components can be mounted side by side or in overlapping relationship. A protective flap is provided so that exposed hook fasteners will not damage the fabric during cleaning.

Abstract: An arcuately displaceable privacy screen assembly, comprising: (a) a frame sub-assembly having an internal aperture contained therein, wherein at least a portion of the internal aperture is covered with a privacy screen; and (b) at least two ground engaging wheels associated with the frame sub-assembly, wherein the at least two ground engaging wheels controllably direct displacement of the privacy screen in an arcuate path of travel.

Abstract: There is provided a photocatalytic pulp composition having the antibacterial, bad smell degrading and harmful substance oxidatively degrading effects in various wide uses such as a filter material, a packaging material, a building material. A photocatalytic pulp composition is effectively used in the air treatment, the water treatment and the soil treatment and improves the photocatalytic activity effect itself.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of making a heat and light stable carboxylated cellulose fiber whose fiber strength and degree of polymerization is not significantly sacrificed. The method involves the use of a catalytic amount of a hindered cyclic oxammonium salt as a primary oxidant and a peracid and halide salt as a secondary oxidant in an aqueous environment. The oxammonium compounds may be formed in situ from their corresponding amine, hydroxylamine, and nitroxyl compounds. The oxidized cellulose is then stabilized against D.P. loss and color reversion by further treatment with an oxidant such as sodium chlorite, a chlorine dioxide/hydrogen peroxide mixture, or a peracid under acidic conditions. Alternatively it may be treated with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. The method results in a high percentage of carboxyl groups located at the fiber surface. The product is especially useful as a papermaking fiber where it contributes strength and has a higher attraction for cationic additives.