Abstract: A multi-ply paperboard comprising at least one ply of conventional cellulose fibers and from about 0.1 to about 6 weight percent of a water-borne binding agent; and at least one ply of chemically intrafiber crosslinked cellulosic high-bulk fibers and from about 0.1 to about 6 weight percent of a water-borne binding agent. The water-borne binding agent may be a starch, a modified starch, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl acetate, a polyethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, an acrylic acid polymer, a polyacrylate, a polyacrylamide, a polyamine, guar gum, an oxidized polyethylene, a polyvinyl chloride, a polyvinyl chloride/acrylic acid copolymer, an acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymer or polyacrylonitrile. A method for making the paperboard is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of certain lipolytic enzymes such as cutinases and lipases in the manufacture of paper and paper products from recycled paper. Examples of such enzymes are derived from strains of Humicola, Candida, Fusarium and Pseudomonas. By use of these enzymes, the problems relating to the so-called “stickies” derived from waste paper are reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a noil for use in paper manufacture, to be mixed in mixed in the paper pulp. The noil has been produced from cellulose fibre by refining and consists of noil fibrils that, in respect of size distribution, mainly correspond to wire screen fraction P50, and the noil constitutes 0.1-15 w-% of the paper pulp.

Abstract: The present invention provides a synthetic fiber paper, the synthetic fiber paper comprises poly (phenylene terephthal amide) fiber, polyethylene glycol terephthalate fiber and powdered mica. The synthetic fiber paper has high-temperature resistance, high strength. low-deformability, resistivity against fire, burning resistance, resistance to chemical corrosion and excellent property of electric insulation, it can be widely applied in the field of mechano-electronics product, aviation, aerospace, military project for national defense, high-tech areas for civil use, high-voltage equipment, high-temperature circumstance as insulting material, it often can be used in composite materials with special use as structural material. The present invention also provides a process for preparing this synthetic fiber paper.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a preform having a desirably uniform distribution of structural forms (for example and without limitation, particles, flakes, and fibers) therethrough. The method according to the present invention includes using an electrical charge reaction between cationic and anionic agents (such as, without limitation, cationic and anionic polymers) to cause the structural forms to floc or clump together in a mass in which the structural forms are desirably uniformly distributed therethrough. The flocculent mass is then dewatered and/or dried to form a preform that is ready for further processing.

Abstract: Printing paper superior in a texture, a feel and ease in turning the page is provided by adjusting the product of the paper density, the breaking length of a paper-making direction and the Young's modulus of the paper-making direction of the paper made by a paper machine within the limits of no less than 2×1018 and no more than 10×1018 g·N/m4 by using the following means independently or in appropriate combination: a means of lowering paper density by increasing the compounding ratios of low-density pulp and low-density filler, using bulking chemicals or reducing press pressure during paper-making process, a means of lowering the paper breaking length of a paper-making direction by improving the compounding ratios of filler, and a means of lowering the Young's modulus of the paper by using a softening agent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of calcium carbonate and calcium silicate in common superatmospheric reactors. Multiple reactors can be provided for switching production between reactors, and advantageously utilizing process waste heat. On site production of both PCC and Calcium Silicate Hydrates is thus achieved in a paper mill.

Abstract: There is provided a photocatalytic pulp composition having the antibacterial, bad smell degrading and harmful substance oxidatively degrading effects in various wide uses such as a filter material, a packaging material, a building material. A photocatalytic pulp composition is effectively used in the air treatment, the water treatment and the soil treatment and improves the photocatalytic activity effect itself.

Abstract: Streak defects in web structures are characterized by electronically obtaining a plurality of results of a plurality of tests of a web structure, electronically determining a location of and/or a quantification of one or more streak defects based on the plurality of results, and electronically characterizing the streak defect(s) as being static or stochastic based on the plurality of results.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a molded pulp product from a fiber slurry comprising a dip tank containing a fiber slurry therein and having a liquid level. A platen is provided. A porous mold is carried by the platen. The platen and the mold carried thereby are lowered into the fiber slurry in a downward direction with the platen being disposed upwardly of the mold so that the mold is introduced through the liquid level into the fiber slurry. A vacuum is supplied to the platen and to the mold while the mold is disposed in the fiber slurry to cause fibers in the fiber slurry to collect onto the mold and form a wet molded pulp product. The platen and the mold with the wet molded product thereon are moved out of the fiber slurry through the liquid level to permit water to drain from the mold and the wet molded pulp product. The wet molded pulp product is then dried.

Abstract: In a doctor blade, which suppresses abrasion of a mating member and excels in water removal capability and shape retention capacity over a long time, resin is impregnated into a fibrous laminate composed of base materials and batt layers integrated by needle punching, and an adjustment is made so that the void content is between 50% and 80%.

Abstract: A doctor blade for removing water, which excels in water removal capability and shape retention capacity, and suppresses abrasion of the belt or other mating member with which it cooperates, is a fibrous laminate comprising integrated base material and batt fiber layers. By impregnating resin into one side of the fibrous laminate, a layer in which the amount of impregnated resin is large and a layer in which the amount of impregnated resin is small are provided. In use, the layer in which the amount of resin is small is in contact with a belt or other mating member. The doctor blades can be adapted to the mating member easily, and excel in the water removal capability and shape retention, and suppress abrasion of the mating member.

Abstract: A papermaking press felt having excellent rewetting suppression without impaired water-squeezing capability. comprises a base body, batt layers, and a rewetting prevention layer, integrated with one another by needle punching. The rewetting prevention layer has three dimensional passages comprising a verge opening, a wet paper web side opening and a roll side opening. The wet paper web side opening is larger than the roll side opening. Under nip pressure, water from the wet paper web moves into the roll surface side of the felt, passing through the passages in the rewetting prevention layer. Although a rewetting phenomenon tends to occur when the press felt is released from the nip pressure, movement of water through the passages back to the wet paper web side of the felt is suppressed since the roll side openings are narrower than the wet paper web side opening.

Abstract: A paper machine suction roll has a perforated shell (10) and a static suction box (11) sealed against the inner surface of the shell (10) to create a suction zone (11a) on the roll surface as it rotates. Holes (14) extending through the shell (10) are placed at distances (bi) of varying magnitude from one another such that the hole pattern formed on the inner surface of the shell (10) is irregular. Each hole (14) has a surrounding countersink situated at regular intervals (a) from one another forming a regular countersink pattern on the outer surface of the shell (10). A conventionally drilled suction roll produces very powerful noise peaks at certain multiples of rotation frequency. When the position of the holes is changed at random in particular in the circumferential direction, regular periodicity disappears and the sound produced is a less disturbing humming-type sound.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a method and means for producing moulded bodies of a metal foam (9), in particular an aluminium foam. The Method involves the use of mould (1) having a cavity (8) and at least one entrance opening (3). The mould id filled with a metal foam in a manner where the entrance opening of the mould is submerged into a metal melt (4) and the melt is caused to foam inside the mould (1) and fill its cavity (8).

Abstract: A molten material supply unit includes a heating cylinder. The heating cylinder may receive and heat the material in a substantially vacuum condition. A molding apparatus may include a pressurizing and charging unit in addition to the molten material supply unit. The pressurizing and charging unit is adapted to receive the melted material from the molten material supply unit and to charge the melted material into a die under pressure.

Abstract: A die-casting system includes a core withdrawing device (50). The core withdrawing device is configured independently of a die (D1, D2) and is operable to withdraw a core (d) from the die.

Abstract: Die opening apparatus (50) of a die-casting system (10) is operable to open a die (D1, D2). A first cylinder (51) may perform an initial die opening operation and a second cylinder (55) may perform a subsequent die opening operation. The thrust generated by the first cylinder is preferably directly transmitted to the die in a die opening direction, optionally via a push pin (52).

Abstract: A shot block for use in a die casting machine for die casting molten and semi-molten metal parts is formed from a metal or metal alloy having a thermal conductivity of at least about 25 Btu/ft.hr.° F., a Rockwell C hardness of at least about 25 and a 0.2% Yield Strength of at least about 90 ksi.

Abstract: An injector (100) for a molten metal supply system includes an injector housing (102) configured to contain molten metal. A molten metal supply source (132) is in fluid communication with the housing (102). A piston (104) extends into the housing (102). The piston (102) is movable through a return stroke allowing molten metal (134) to be received into the housing (102) from the molten metal supply source (132), and a displacement stroke for displacing the molten metal (134) from the housing (102). A gas supply source (144) is in fluid communication with the housing (102) through a gas control valve (146). The gas supply source (144) is used to pressurize a space (148) formed between the molten metal (134) and the piston (104) during the return stroke of the piston (104) such that when the piston (104) moves through the displacement stroke a compressed gas filled space is formed.

Abstract: A method for producing casting molds, such as cores or core assemblies used in foundry practice, wherein molding material, preferably molding sand, is injected or shot into a molding chamber via a gaseous flow medium, preferably air, under a predeterminable pressure. The shot and resulting solidified mold is deaerated, then the tool is opened, and the solidified mold is removed. The shooting process and/or deaeration process are controlled via detected and, if need be, prepared process parameters according to a predeterminable specification.

Abstract: A heat transfer device includes a capillary-pumped first fluid loop including an evaporator situated on a satellite in the vicinity of a source of dissipated heat and a condenser connected by heat transfer members to the evaporator and situated on a deployable radiator panel of the satellite. The deployable radiator comprises at least two panels, and the heat transfer device itself further comprises at least one second capillary-pumped fluid loop. The fluid loops are connected in cascade with each other so that the evaporator of each fluid loop other than the first fluid loop is on the same panel as the condenser of the preceding loop and the condenser of each fluid loop other than the first fluid loop is on the panel next to that carrying the condenser of the first loop. The evaporator of one loop is connected to the condenser of the same loop by flexible heat transfer members.

Abstract: A first pipe 231 and a second pipe 232 are connected so that at least one of connectors 233 and 234 is located in a through-hole 133, in a state in which both the connectors 233 and 234 are connected. In this way, since the through-hole 133 is brought to a state of being filled in by the connector 233, the gap between a refrigerant pipe 230 and the edge of the through-hole 133 can be considerably reduced. It is, therefore, possible to prevent hot air from moving to the front side of a vehicle, in front of a panel 100 through the gap between the refrigerant pipe 230 and the edge of the through-hole 133 without the necessity of filling in the gap with a filling means such as rubber (a grommet) and packing.

Abstract: A modular capillary pump loop (CPL) cooling system and associated components. The modular CPL cooling system transfers heat from high-power circuit components, such as microprocessors disposed within computer chassis, to other locations within or external to the chassis, where the heat can be more easily removed. In various embodiments, the CPL cooling system includes one or more evaporators connected to one or more condensers via flexible liquid transport and vapor transport lines. A wicking structure, such as a volume of sintered copper, is disposed within each condenser. The wicking structure draws working fluid (e.g., water) in a liquid state into the evaporator based on a capillary mechanism and a pressure differential across a meniscus/vapor interface on an upper surface of the wicking structure. As the liquid meniscus is evaporated, additional fluid is drawn into the evaporator. The working fluid is then condensed back into a liquid in the condenser.

Abstract: A computer system is described of the kind having a frame and a plurality of server unit subassemblies that are insertable into the frame. Each server unit subassembly has a chassis component which engages with a frame component on the frame. Heat can transfer from the chassis component to the frame component, but the server unit subassembly can still be moved out of the frame. In one embodiment, an air duct is located over a plurality of the frame components. Heat transfers from the frame components to air flowing through the duct. A modified capillary pumped loop is used to transfer heat from a processor of the server unit subassembly to thermal components on the frame.

Abstract: A compact air-ventilator with high efficiency thermal exchanger and air filter in which the thermal exchanger utilise a light-weight assembly of parallelly stacked thin metallic plates with pre-formed spaces. The high efficiency air filter includes a combination of filter elements including a mesh grid, an activated carbon layer and a HEPA filter. This air-ventilator can be built-in as part of an air-conditioner or as a stand alone unit to provide additional air circulating to conventional air-conditioners to improve indoor air quality. The thermal exchanger as well as the filters can be made with modular design to allow for easy periodic maintenance and replacement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a group of heat exchangers for compressed gas refrigeration dryers, in which the heat exchangers (20,30) comprise a series of finned, closely spaced plates (21, 31), creating a series of passages for the countercurrent flow of fluids, and in which the gas/gas heat exchanger (20) is positioned beside the evaporator (30), so that an outlet zone (28) of a pre-cooling section (22) of the gas/gas heat exchanger (20) directs the mixture of compressed gases directly to an inlet zone (36) of a cooling section (32) of the evaporator (30).

Abstract: A heat pipe system for an automobile comprising: a separator layer, at least one wick layer in contact with the separator layer, at least two outer walls enclosing the separator layer and the at least one wick layer, one of the at least two outer walls being spaced away from the at least one wick layer to form a vapor space therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cooling heat generating units, such as mobile telephone equipment in a radio base station. By providing a heat exchanger (69) having crossing flow directions for an internal vertical air flow (76) and external lateral, cooling air flows (70, 73) in a vertical area, such as a wall portion to the radio base station, for instance as a part of a door to the radio base station, excellent cooling may be achieved without substantially affecting the space by means of the heat exchanging function, which is intented for the equipment.

Abstract: A device for catalytic treatment of a first fluid medium and for changing heat between the first fluid medium and a second fluid prior to or after the catalytic treatment comprises a plate heat exchanger (1) of the type in which the plates (2) are rigidly interconnected by welding or soldering. A catalyst carrier (21) has been detachably fastened to the plate heat exchanger (1) and protrudes into one of the ports (7) of the exchanger (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a solution for increasing the effectiveness of cooling and freezing processes in a heat exchange device. One of the important requirements of a heat exchange device is to keep a uniform temperature on the surface during the process. The achievement of approximately uniform temperature on the surface of the heat exchange device and on both its bottom and upper is possible with the use of a special cross-sectional form of the channels for refrigerant flow.

Abstract: A heat sink with improved thermal performance, and method of making the heat sink. The heat sink comprises a heat sink of a material with a first conductivity, and one or more inserts molded into the heat sink, and of a material with higher thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An iodine-containing thermal interface material disposed between a heat source and a heat dissipation device.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner, a link mechanism, for connecting one of plural driving devices and one of plural air mixing doors to each other is connected to a hot water valve, and is constructed to be operated to first and second maximum cooling positions. At the first maximum cooling position, the one door connected to the link mechanism is operated to a door maximum cooling position, and the valve is opened. At the second position, the door connected to the link mechanism is operated to the door maximum cooling position, and the valve is closed. Therefore, the valve can be suitably opened and closed in accordance with operation positions of the plural air mixing doors without using a dedicated driving mechanism for the valve.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which is adapted to be located in a conduit to be severed. The apparatus includes an upper ignition device, combustible material and a lower nozzle with a diverter. In operation the ignition device is actuated to ignite the combustible material to form a flame of hot gases for passage through apertures of the nozzle to the diverter which directs the hot gases radially outward and against the conduit to be severed. A uniform mixing cavity is provided above the nozzle in the flow path of the flame to the nozzle for mixing the hot gases prior to passages through the nozzle. A lower cavity is provided for the hot gases flowing out of the nozzle for pressurizing the hot gases at the outlet of the apparatus.

Abstract: This invention is a packer that is a short pipe designed fit over a well pipe. The bottom of the pipe flares outward to provide a seal between the packer and the adjacent strata of earth or well casing. An annular ring is placed at the top of the flared section to create a more secure seal between the packer and the well casing. The packer is made of plastic and can be cast in a single step process. The packer is designed to easily attach to a well pipe in that the inside of the top of the packer that fits over the well pipe has numerous knurls running parallel to each other and along the pipe. These trenches are designed to allow glue to flow down between the well pipe and the packer to ensure attachment of the packer to the well pipe.

Abstract: A coal containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heat sources within a relatively thin layer of coal may be positioned in a staggered pattern near to edges of the layer so that superposition of heat from the heat sources allows a large percentage of the layer to reach a desired temperature.

Abstract: A control system and method for determining optimal fluid injection pressure is based upon a model of a growing hydrofracture due to waterflood injection pressure. This model is used to develop a control system optimizing the injection pressure by using a prescribed injection goal coupled with the historical times, pressures, and volume of injected fluid at a single well. In this control method, the historical data is used to derive two major flow components: the transitional component, where cumulative injection volume is scaled as the square root of time, and a steady-state breakthrough component, which scales linearly with respect to time. These components provide diagnostic information and allow for the prevention of rapid fracture growth and associated massive water break through that is an important part of a successful waterflood, thereby extending the life of both injection and associated production wells in waterflood secondary oil recovery operations.

Abstract: One configuration of a separation system for separating hydrocarbons from contaminants downhole includes a tubular membrane having a fluid inlet end and a fluid outlet end. Between the fluid inlet end and the fluid outlet end of the membrane tube the membrane material selectively permeates contaminants, such as carbon dioxide, through the membrane while preventing the hydrocarbon from passing through the membrane achieving the downhole separation. A driving force of the membrane is increased by passing a sweep gas past the output side of the membrane during membrane separation to remove or dilute the contaminant at the output side of the membrane. The sweep gas improves the driving force of the membrane by increasing a partial pressure difference across the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for re-gassifying Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in a subterranean formation/cavity, storing the resulting gaseous hydrocarbon in the same or connected strata, then subsequent conventional production and delivery of the gas to end users. LNG is injected into a permeable subterranean reservoir through surface and wellbore equipment suitable for operations at cryogenic temperatures. The liquid hydrocarbon vaporizes in the permeable rock/cavity near the injection wellbore as it gains thermal energy from the surrounding strata. The resulting gas is held within the reservoir for subsequent production and/or immediately produced by producing wells in the same or contiguous formations. The invention eliminates the need for onshore LNG receiving/storage terminals.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods of, as well as apparatus and systems for, perforating and treating multiple intervals of one or more subterranean formations intersected by a wellbore by deploying within said wellbore a bottom-hole assembly (“BHA”) having a perforating device, a sealing mechanism and at least one pressure equalization means that establishes pressure communication between the portions of the wellbore above and below the sealing mechanism. The BHA is positioned within the wellbore such that the sealing mechanism, when actuated, establishes a hydraulic seal in the wellbore to positively force fluid to enter the perforations corresponding to the interval to be treated. A treating fluid is pumped down the wellbore and into the perforations created in the perforated interval. The sealing mechanism is released, and the steps are repeated for as many intervals as desired, without having to remove the BHA from said wellbore.

Abstract: A subsea production system and method includes a wellhead field having multiple wellheads and utilizes a stackable guide funnel system for sequential tying back of those wellheads. A storage frame retains several guide funnels that are nestably stacked one upon the other. The guide funnels may be sequentially removed from the frame by a riser connector having a complimentary latching mechanism. The frame is made up of a plurality of guide members that are secured to the exposed tubular conductor of a wellhead. A pair of annular rings surrounds portions of each of the guide members. The upper end of the frame is outwardly flared to assist in landing of the riser connector. The stacked guide funnels are prepositioned at one or more central locations upon the sea floor. The guide funnels are configured at the central location to permit sequential retreival. A riser having a riser connector is lowered to the central location. The riser connector latches onto the uppermost guide funnel within the frame.

Abstract: A horizontal spool tree wellhead system 10 utilizes a casing 18, 19 installed in a well bore and a wellhead housing 20 at the upper end of the casing. A spool 23 of the horizontal tree 22 is connected to the upper end of the wellhead housing, and includes at least one radially extending side port. The BOP 28 is also installed at the upper end of the housing with a bore aligned with the wellhead housing bore. After drilling the well, the casing string 19 carrying a casing hanger 42 may be lowered through the bores of the BOP, the spool tree, and the wellhead housing and into the well. An orientation/isolation sleeve 60 may be installed in a predetermined rotational orientation with the spool tree. A tubing hanger 70 having a side port is landed onto the orientation sleeve and is automatically oriented to align the tubing hanger side port with the spool side port.

Abstract: Systems and methods for time-, and labor-efficient construction and production of subsea wells are disclosed. The systems generally comprise a surface blowout preventer stack, a high pressure riser, and a drill thru Xmas tree. The systems may further comprise a subsea shut off and disconnect device.

Abstract: An underwater well system in which an initially vertical drilling riser conduit (5A) is fixed by a template (7,13,15) at the seabed (6) in a non-vertical orientation. Drilling is carried out through wellhead (30) in the template which also includes a valve tree (28) allowing the production fluid to be brought to the surface along a line separate from the drilling riser conduit. The template may be a junction template allowing several wells to be drilled from a single template, or allowing the template to be connected by one or more drilling conduits (12,14) to further templates such that a wide area of the seabed can be covered for a single drilling riser conduit.

Abstract: A petroleum well having a communication system and a hydraulic system is provided. The petroleum well includes a borehole and a piping structure positioned within the borehole. The communication system supplies a time varying electric current downhole along the piping structure. The hydraulic system (70), which is positioned downhole proximate the piping structure (26), receives the time varying current to operate an electric motor (78). The motor drives a pump (76) which pressurizes hydraulic fluid to selectively drive an actuator (84). The actuator (84) is operably connected to a downhole device, such as a shutoff valve, and operates the downhole device as the actuator (84) is driven by the pressurized hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a coupling device for converting a below-ground potable water well installation to an above-ground installation, the device comprising a housing having a first opening which is dimensioned to receive an upper end of a below-ground well casing and a second opening which is dimensioned to receive a lower end of a well casing extension; gasket means located adjacent the first and second openings for sealing the respective connections between the housing, the below-ground well casing and the well casing extension, the gasket means further providing a first seating surface to seat the upper end of the well casing and a second seating surface to seat the lower end of the well casing extension; and a central region including a passage to receive a well line adaptor there between.

Abstract: A drilling system and a method of using a drilling system that has a first rotatable tubular connector, a second non-rotatable tubular connector and a washpipe assembly having at least one dynamic seal and defining a fluid conduit having at one end a first mating connector and at another end a second mating connector designed to interconnect with the first and second tubular connectors. A controllable torque driver is arranged to mechanically engage the washpipe assembly such that fluid connections are made between the first mating connector and the first tubular connector, and the second mating connector and the second tubular connector.

Abstract: A coil tubing hanger system and a method of installing such system is provided. The coil tubing hanger system comprises a body having an axial opening there through. A slip bowl having a base and housing a slip that can be retained in a first position spaced apart from bowl base and a second position proximate the bowl base is fitted within the opening. The slip has inner teeth. Tubing is fitted within the slip and through the bowl while the slip is retained in the first position. The slip is then allowed to drop to the second position such that the slip teeth bite onto the outer surface of the tubing.