Abstract: A fiber structure comprising cellulose fibers crosslinked by using a crosslinking agent and synthetic fibers, characterized in that the crosslinking index represented by the following formula of the cellulose fibers is in a range of 1 to 4, and that the synthetic fibers contain an antimicrobial agent having an inorganic value/organic value ratio of 0.3 to 1.4. This structure has antimicrobial property excellent in industrial washing durability and also has shape stability such as crease resistance and shrinkage resistance. Crosslinking index=A−B where A is the coefficient of moisture absorption of the fiber structure after crosslinking in an atmosphere of 30° C. and 90% RH (%), and B is the coefficient of moisture absorption of the fiber structure after crosslinking in an atmosphere of 20° C. and 65% RH (%).

Abstract: Couplers for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C1 to C2 alkyl and hydroxyethyl; R1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, halogen, C1 to C5 alkyl or haloalkyl, C1 to C5 alkoxy or cycloalkoxy, C1 to C5 hydroxyalkyl and C1 to C5 hydroxyalkoxy; Ar is an aromatic group, preferably an aromatic group selected from the group consisting of a furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, phenyl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-5 or -6-yl or benzo[1,3]dioxol-4 or -5-yl group; and y=1 to 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dyes of formula wherein R1 is hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, cyano, R2 is hydrogen, methyl, acetylamino, R3 is ethyl unsubstituted or substituted by cyano or by acyloxy, R4 is ethyl unsubstituted or substituted by cyano or by acyloxy, to a process for their preparation and to their use in the dyeing or printing of hydrophobic fiber materials.

Abstract: White, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax is effectively stabilized against discoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of an oxazolidine in combination with a UV absorber and/or an antioxidant.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of trioxepan compounds of formula I with R1-3 being independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl groups in the process to make fuels with improved ignition properties.

Abstract: Provided is a method for blending an unleaded summer gasoline containing ethanol. The method comprises providing a substantially oxygenate free unleaded gasoline blend stock having an RVP of no greater than 7.0, and preferably no greater than 6.0, and then adding sufficient ethanol to the gasoline blend stock such that the ethanol addition does not cause the T50 value to drop below the ASTM D 4814 minimum requirements of 170° F.

Abstract: A method for processing synthetic resins into a furnace fuel, comprising melting or semi-melting synthetic resins consisting essentially of film shaped synthetic resins to produce granular synthetic resins having a bulk density of at least 0.3 and an angle of repose of up to 40 degrees, wherein the angle of repose is a base angle when the granular synthetic resins are dropped on a horizontal plane surface.

Abstract: An abrasive composite particle comprising a cubic abrasive core particle encapsulated within a deposit of hexagonal metallurgical bond forming material comprising at least about 50 volume percent rhenium, ruthenium, osmium or mixtures thereof. The metallurgical bonds serve to retain the core particle in a matrix/binder very strongly. Metallurgical bonds are formed by the encapsulating material taking into solution, at the interface with the cubic abrasive core particle, some element or compound from the abrasive particle such as, for example, carbon or cubic boron nitride, from the core particle. Chemical bonds are not formed between the abrasive particle and the deposit. Suitable abrasive core particles include diamond, cubic carbides, cubic borides, cubic nitrides, cubic oxides, and the like. Conventional fabrication procedures such as chemical vapor deposition are employed to form the metallurgical bond forming deposit on the core particle.

Abstract: An arrangement for separating a hydrophobic liquid phase from a gaseous stream includes a coalescer filter, a housing, a gas flow direction arrangement, and a liquid collection arrangement. The coalescer filter includes a non-woven media of fibers. The housing includes an interior having a gas flow inlet and a gas flow outlet. The liquid collection arrangement is positioned within the housing construction and is oriented for receiving liquid collected from the coalescer filter and drained therefrom. Methods for conducting the separations are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intake system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle for separating entrained water droplets. The intake system has an untreated air intake (10), an untreated air pipe (11) connected to said untreated air intake (10), and a water separator (12) adjoining said untreated air pipe (11). Inside the untreated air pipe (11) a swirl is produced to cause the aspirated air to rotate inside the untreated air pipe (11). The untreated air pipe (11) communicates with the internal combustion engine. The water separator (12) has an inner pipe (13) and an outer pipe (14), which are arranged coaxially to one another. The inner pipe (13) protrudes into the outer pipe (14), which is provided with a water outlet (20). Due to the coaxial construction of the water separator (12), the intake air flows into the downstream components without being diverted, so that no appreciable pressure losses are caused.

Abstract: A fluid meter particle isolating system having a tortuous path formed between a pair of walls with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is open to a contaminant-free (clean) zone while an outlet is open to a particle generating contaminated (dirty) zone. The walls include partitions that form a tortuous path separating it into a plurality of chambers. An impeller constructed of a plurality of open cells forms a piston-like structure is provided in the tortuous path and has an axis of motion parallel to the walls. Each vessel is offset axially and has four walls and a bottom surface contoured to provide a transition from one cell to the next through an exit port providing a continuous flow from the vessel in the first cell sequentially to adjacent cells to an exit port in the last vessel in the last cell.

Abstract: An air cleaner includes a fan unit (1; 1′) and a filter unit (3) that is entirely replaceable, where the fan unit (1; 1′) and the filter unit (3) are mutually connected by a quick coupling and the filter unit includes a filter and an exterior casing that defines an exterior of the air cleaner when the air cleaner is in an operating position.

Abstract: A high-performance filter for an intake air for a gas turbine according to the present invention includes a low-efficiency filter media and a high-efficiency filter media superposed closely on each other in the named order from an upstream side in a direction of an air flow. Each of the filter media is formed with a filtering area of 20 to 35 m2. The filter media having a filtration efficiency of 40 to 70% for particles having a particle size of 0.3 &mgr;m is disposed as a layer upstream in the air flow direction, and the filter media having a filtration efficiency of 90 to 99.99% for particles having a particle size of 0.3 &mgr;m is disposed as a downstream layer. In addition, a filter unit according to the present invention is made using the above filter, Thus, even when the filter unit is used for atmospheric dusts including a high concentration of dusts having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.

Abstract: A filter including a housing made up of two housing shells in the form of mating cylindrical vessels (12, 12a) in one of which a support tube (17), especially a support tube having a conical shape, is integrated. A conical annular filter cartridge, preferably one having a resilient axial play compensating element (21) at one end, is installed on the support tube (17). The housing shells (12, 12a) are joined by a central screw connection (22), and sealing between the housing shells is effected by a labyrinth seal (14, 15). The filter is able to adapt to tolerance variations in the axial length of the individual components, so that productions costs are kept low. The housing shells (12, 12a) are constructed in such a way that they can be manufactured using simple casting molds with no undercuts.

Abstract: The present invention provides an air filter that is excellent in anti-molding and anti-bacterial functions. The anti-mold and anti-bacteria air filter is formed from fabric knitted and woven with a warp and/or a weft made of filiform thermoplastic resin including the organic anti-molding agent and filiform thermoplastic resin including the inorganic anti-bacterial agent. It is also possible to form multi-woven fabric knitted and woven with a warp made of filiform thermoplastic resin including the organic anti-molding agent and the filiform thermoplastic resin including the inorganic anti-bacterial agent.

Abstract: Controlled release fertilizers are provided and methods for their preparation, wherein the controlled release fertilizers are obtained through self-assembling molecules on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, and then, preferably, linking these molecules into a network with another component. The designed molecules have a hydrophilic portion, which can interact with fertilizers, and a hydrophobic portion that make the molecule self-assemble and setup a moisture barrier. The molecules also preferably have at least two functional groups in order to form a network.

Abstract: A method for forming dendritic metal powders, comprising the steps of: (1) heating a powder comprising non-dendritic particles, under conditions suitable for initial stage sintering, to form a lightly sintered material; and (2) breaking the lightly sintered material to form a powder comprising dendritic particles. In one embodiment, the lightly sintered material is broken by brushing the material through a screen. Another aspect of the present invention comprises the dendritic particles that are produced by the method described above. These particles can comprise any suitable metal, such as transition metals, rare earth metals, main group metals or metalloids or an alloy of two or more such metals. The particles can also comprise a ceramic material, such as a metal oxide. These particles are characterized by a dendritic, highly anisotropic, morphology arising from the fusion of substantially non-dendritic particles, and by a low apparent density relative to the substantially non-dendritic starting material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a niobium sintered body free of reduction in the CV value, a niobium powder for use in the manufacture of the niobium sintered body, and a capacitor using the niobium sintered body. A niobium powder of the present invention has niobium and tantalum, where the tantalum is present in an amount at most of about 700 ppm by mass. A sintered body and a capacitor each is manufactured using the niobium powder.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing a method of obtaining fine alloy powders, which are extremely small in particle size, high in purity, and uniform in composition, providing fine alloy powders obtained by this method, and providing molding materials, slurries, and electromagnetic shielding materials, which use these fine alloy powders. This invention provides a fine alloy powder production method, which is characterized in that after performing the process of mixing at least a trivalent titanium compound and a complexing agent, which binds with the trivalent titanium ion, in an aqueous solution containing two or more types of metal ion, the two or more types of metal are made to deposit simultaneously.

Abstract: An improved method and system is provided to control the rapping process used to clean the internal collection plates and discharge electrodes of electrostatic precipitators. The system obtains the performance characteristics of a first rapper and calculates a rapper lift value. The system then obtains performance characteristic data from two or more additional rappers and calculates rapper lift values for each of the rappers. Finally, the system compares the rapper lift value of each additional rapper and adjusts its performance characteristics so that it substantially approximates the performance characteristics of the first rapper.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a composite membrane includes coating a substrate, such as, for example, an asymmetrical porous hollow fiber substrate, with a solution which includes a perfluorinated polymer and a perfluorinated solvent. Prior to coating, the substrate is impregnated with an impregnation fluid which is immiscible with the perfluorinated solvent. The method of the invention further includes removing the perfluorinated solvent and the impregnation fluid. A composite membrane includes a porous asymmetric hollow fiber substrate having an outer surface coated with a perfluoropolymer coating. Separation devices which include composite membranes and methods of separating a fluid mixture into a fraction enriched in a first component and a fraction depleted in that component also are described.

Abstract: An ion implantation process system, including an ion implanter apparatus for carrying out an ion implantation process. A supply of source gas for the ion implantation process is arranged to flow to the ion implanter apparatus, which discharges an effluent gas stream including ionization products of the source gas during the ion implantation process. The system includes an effluent abatement apparatus for removing hazardous effluent species from the effluent gas stream. The source gas may be furnished from a low pressure gas source in which the source gas is sorptively retained in a vessel on a sorbent medium having affinity for the source gas, and desorbed for dispensing to the process system. A novel scrubbing composition may be employed for effluent treatment, and the scrubbing composition breakthrough of scrubbable component may be monitored with a device such as a quartz microbalance monitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for sharply reducing diurnal breathing loss emissions from automotive evaporative emissions control systems by providing multiple layers, or stages, of adsorbents. On the fuel source-side of an emissions control system canister, high working capacity carbons are preferred in a first canister (adsorb) region. In subsequent canister region(s) on the vent-side, the preferred adsorbent should exhibit a flat or flattened adsorption isotherm on a volumetric basis and relatively lower capacity for high concentration vapors as compared with the fuel source-side adsorbent. Multiple approaches are described for attaining the preferred properties for the vent-side canister region. One approach is to use a filler and/or voidages as a volumetric diluent for flattening an adsorption isotherm. Another approach is to employ an adsorbent with the desired adsorption isotherm properties and to process it into an appropriate shape or form without necessarily requiring any special provision for dilution.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment filter is provided with localized and efficient heating for regeneration. Electrical and/or thermal conductors are wound with filter media sheets into a filter roll and/or conductors are provided at axial ends of the filter roll and/or microwave radiation is used for localized hot zone heating. Regeneration is provided at lateral slices of the filter roll lying in a plane extending transversely and radially relative to the filter roll axis.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane dehumidification device that possess hollow fiber membranes that cause the compressed air supplied from one end to the interior to flow through and at the same time discharge moisture in the compressed air to the outside, and by so doing exhausts the compressed air to the other end as dehumidified air. There is a reflux route that causes a portion of the dehumidified air exhausted from the hollow fiber membranes to flow back to the outside of the hollow fiber membranes as purged air and a variable restrictor that is provided on the reflux route that increases or decreases the opening-closing volume in accordance with the increase or the decrease of the pressure of the compressed air that flows through the interior of the hollow membranes.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane dehumidification device with a housing chamber open to atmosphere via a through hole. Hollow fiber membranes are disposed in the housing chamber and cause compressed air entering from one end to flow through and be discharged at the other end as dehumidified air by discharging moisture to the outside housing chamber. A reflux route is provided to permit a portion of the dehumidified air to flow back to the housing chamber as purged air. First and second orifices are provided on the reflux route wherein the second orifice has an opening diameter larger than that of the first orifice.

Abstract: A gas supply system including a gas cabinet defining an enclosure including therein a gas dispensing manifold and one or more adsorbent-based gas storage and dispensing vessels mounted in the enclosure and joined in gas flow communication with the gas dispensing manifold. The enclosure may be maintained under low or negative pressure conditions for enhanced safety in the event of leakage of gas from the gas storage and dispensing vessel(s) in the enclosure. The gas supply system may be coupled to a gas-consuming unit in a semiconductor manufacturing facility, e.g., an ion implanter, an etch chamber, or a chemical vapor deposition reactor.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R′5, R′6, R′7, R′8 are hydroxy —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —CONH2, C1-12alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, R9R10N—, R9—O—or R9—S—, —CONHR10, —CONR9R10 in which R9 and R10 are C1-C6-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl, (C6-C10)-aryl-(C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-alkyl-(C6-C10)-aryl, in which the alkyl and/or aryl radicals can optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C6-C10-aryloxy or halogen; and optionally, two adjacent groups can form an isocyclic or heterocyclic group; are eminently suitable for the mass coloring of polymers, in particular polar polymers, for coloring toners, powders and powder coating materials as well as for coloring ink-jet inks.

Abstract: Color ink sets for use in printer systems are provided and formulated to provide improved plain paper and special media performance while maintaining good printing characteristics. The inks and ink sets of the present invention exhibit excellent color performance and lightfastness across a range of media, robust K/Y bleed resistance on plain paper at fast print speeds, as well as excellent printability and reliability. A specific dye set for formulating yellow, magenta, and cyan inks comprises a mixture of acid yellow 23 (AY23) and direct yellow 132 (DY132), a mixture of a cyan dye compound having the formula: —(SO3H)2.7 CuPc—(SO2NH2)0.5 —(SO2NH(C2H4OH)0.8 wherein Pc represents a phthalocyanine nucleus and acid blue 9; and a magenta dye compound having formula: wherein Q is a cation.

Abstract: A method of emulsifying asphalt using a polyamine polybetaine, preferably a dibetaine, as an emulsifier or co-emulsifier and an emulsion of asphalt, water and a polybetaine, preferably a diamine dibetaine. The advantages of using a polyamine polybetaine as an emulsifier or co-emulsifier include its ability to provide superior cationic and anionic emulsions, and slow-setting emulsions at low use levels, and the excellent adhesion of the cured asphalt film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel zinc magnesium titanate represented by formula (I): Zn2−xMgx.yTiO4 in which x denotes a real number of 0.5 to 1.5; and y denotes an integer of 1 or 2, and to a process for preparing the same and a thermoregulating functional composition which comprises zinc magnesium titanate of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides a yellow pigment which contains a titanium-iron complex oxide of the pseudo-brookite type and produces a stabilized color more yellowish than conventionally and which is universally usable for coloring plastics, ceramics and coating compositions. The pigment of the invention is a titanium-iron complex oxide pigment which contains a pseudo-brookite complex oxide represented by the composition formula (M1-x•Fex)O•2TiO2 or the composition formula (Fe1-y•Aly)2O3•TiO2 wherein M is one of the bivalent metals Mg, Sr and Zn, the ratios of Fe, Al and M to Ti are in the respective ranges of 0.3≦Fe/Ti≦4.5, 0≦Al/Ti≦6.5 and 0≦M/Ti≦2.6, and x and y are in the respective ranges of 0≦x<1 and 0≦y<1.

Abstract: The present invention describes the reaction product of an alkanolamine and a hydrocarbyl succinic anhydride compound useful in assisting the dispersion of pigments in aqueous and/or non-aqueous media.

Abstract: Described are setting and hardening accelerators for hydraulic binders and said binder comprising compositions that are free of sulfates, alkali metals and chlorides. The setting and hardening accelerators comprise, as main component, water-soluble fluoride comprising aluminum salts and optionally complexing agents and/or amines. In comparison with alkaline accelerators, said accelerators result in an essential shortening of the setting time and a fast development of compressive strengths. In comparison with commercially available alkali-free accelerators based on aluminum sulfate and organic acids, by the accelerator of the present invention the later formation of ettringite is prevented.

Abstract: A method is provided for detaching a single-crystal film from an epilayer/substrate or bulk crystal structure. The method includes the steps of implanting ions into the crystal structure to form a damage layer within the crystal structure at an implantation depth below a top surface of the crystal structure, and chemically etching the damage layer to effect detachment the single-crystal film from the crystal structure. The thin film may be detached by subjecting the crystal structure with the ion implanted damage layer to a rapid temperature increase without chemical etching. The method of the present invention is especially useful for detaching single-crystal metal oxide films from metal oxide crystal structures. Methods for enhancing the crystal slicing etch-rate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A simple and inexpensive method and apparatus for producing crystalline silicon comprising the steps of melting silicon in a mold, then cooling the bottom of the mold is cooled to create a positive temperature gradient from the bottom of the mold upward, thereby causing the molten silicon to crystallize from the inner bottom of the mold upward so that the solid-liquid phase boundary, separating the crystallized silicon from the molten silicon, moves upward as the molten silicon crystallizes. As the silicon crystallizes, an inert gas is blown onto the surface of the molten silicon from a position above the surface of the molten silicon, thereby vibrating the surface of the molten silicon in such a manner that cavities are formed in the surface of the molten silicon.

Abstract: A coil coating system for embedding discrete masses of material in a resinous coating on sheet metal as it is pulled from a dispensing coil through a series of rollers, said system comprising a paint pan, a roller rotating in the pan and picking up said resinous coating composition and transferring it to an applicator roller; thenceforth to the moving sheet metal, an oven, and a sprayer that can heat thermoplastic resin particles to a molten or plastic state and spray the particles to the moving sheet metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to apply a polymeric coating to the ends of a fuser roll. A wiper arm is constructed having a wiper edge with may be rotated into contact with the end to be coated. Coating solution is applied to the wiper edge and allowed to flow onto the end surface of the roll.

Abstract: A system (2) for dispensing liquid material onto a moving substrate (30) includes a liquid dispenser (16) fluidly connected to a source of liquid material (4) and a source of pressurized air (6). The liquid dispenser (16) includes a plurality of liquid material outlets (76) spaced along a common axis at one end of the dispenser (16) for dispensing a plurality of strands (27a) of liquid material toward the substrate (30). The liquid dispenser (16) further includes a pair of air outlets (84) associated with each of the liquid material outlets (76) for emitting pressurized air (100) that is operable to oscillate the dispense strands in directions predominantly parallel with the common axis of the liquid material outlets (76) during flight toward the substrate (30) to form an overlapping pattern (104) of liquid material on the moving substrate (30). Methods for dispensing liquid material onto a moving substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing system has a number of cartridges, preferably two or four, selectively coupled to a single motor with a respective clutch for dispensing dots of liquid at high speed. The motor drives a spur gear that meshes with individual spur gears associated with each of the clutches. Multiple cartridges are thus activated with a single motor and are housed together in one housing. Each cartridge is movable relative to the housing and is biased downward to a dispensing position with a spring. Air is selectively provided between the dispensers and the housing to drive the cartridges upward to a non-dispensing position. When the air is not provided, the spring returns the cartridge to its downward position. By moving the cartridge relative to the housing, the assembly can dispense at different locations without it being necessary to move the entire pump assembly every time a dot is dispensed.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a coating apparatus and method in which most of the relative movement between a dispensing head and the substrate to be coated is provided by the coating head. The moving head configuration reduces the system footprint and diminishes leveling problems. A powered shuttle mechanism carries a dispensing head above a substrate to be coated while riding on a bearing located underneath the chuck holding the substrate thereby providing rigidity and reducing the system footprint. Chuck support is designed to accommodate anticipated vertical sag in the dispensing head by supporting the chuck at points along its periphery thereby permitting the chuck to sag in conjunction with the dispensing head. The shuttle mechanism is equipped with means for automatically adjusting the height of the dispensing head with respect to substrate to compensate for substrate placement error, substrate dimensional variation, and mechanical drift in the mechanical machine parts.

Abstract: A wallpaper dispensing apparatus includes a tray with a ridge projecting from the bottom and extending transversely between the side walls to divide the tray into a forward pool section and a rearward trough section. A removable cover is attached to the forward pool section and includes a pair of depressions with guide surfaces on the bottom, spaced above the bottom of the tray to form a passageway between the cover and tray bottom. the cover has a rearward portion following a portion of the ridge, and a straight rearward edge extending transversely across the tray. An opening in the cover, extending from the forward edge permits the user to draw a strip of wallpaper from a roll located in the trough, through the passageway between the cover and tray, and out the forward end of the tray. Water in the pool portion wets the wallpaper as it is drawn from the dispensing apparatus.

Abstract: A scratch resistant coating application system for a vehicle includes: a pump having an output opening where a first end of a discharging line is connected, the pump storing aqueous emulsion; a feeder having an input opening where a second end of the discharging line is connected and an output opening where a first end of a feeding line is connected, the feeder releasing regulated aqueous emulsion into the feeding line; a sprayer connected to a second end of the feeding line for spraying the aqueous emulsion out to atmosphere; a robot having a robot arm on which the feeder and the sprayer are mounted, the robot arm carrying the sprayer; a visual system mounted on a ceiling of a work area for detecting a vehicle's position; and a central control unit electrically connected to the pump, the feeder, the robot, and the visual system for controlling the pump, the feeder, and the robot on the basis of data from the feeder and the visual system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for processing a monolayer film and transferring the monolayer film to a substrate are provided.

Abstract: Described herein is a process chamber with a substantially all-quartz interior surface. The preferred embodiments have upper and lower walls being curved in both the x-z and y-z planes. In one embodiment, the chamber has thin upper and lower dome walls made from a generally transparent material such as quartz, each with a convex exterior surface and a concave interior surface. These walls are joined at their side edges to a cylindrical side wall, preferably formed from a generally translucent material such as bubble quartz. The upper and lower walls and the side wall substantially enclose an all-quartz interior surface, except for apertures used for gas inlet and outlet, wafer intrusion and extraction and wafer retention. An internal reinforcement extends along the entire interior perimeter of the chamber to provide additional strength and support to the chamber. An external reinforcement surrounds the cylindrical side wall to confine outward expansion of the chamber.

Abstract: A new method and apparatus for avoiding contamination of films deposited in layered depositions, such as Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and other sequential chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes, is taught, wherein CVD-deposited contamination of ALD films is prevented by use of a pre-reaction chamber that effectively causes otherwise-contaminating gaseous constituents to deposit on wall elements of gas-delivery apparatus prior to entering the ALD chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for uniformly coating a magnet having a plurality of surfaces and includes a reaction chamber having a port for introducing the magnet into the reaction chamber. A heater is also included for heating the reaction chamber. Also, a carrier gas port is in fluid communications with the reaction chamber for introducing a carrier gas into the reaction chamber. In addition, a reactant gas port is in fluid communications with the reaction chamber for introducing a reactant gas into the reaction chamber. When the magnet and the carrier gas are introduced into the reaction chamber, the magnet becomes suspended in the reaction chamber. Also, when the reactant gas is introduced into the reaction chamber, the reactant gas causes all of the plurality of surfaces of the magnet to be uniformly coated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vaporizer constituted of a dispersing section 8 and a vaporizing section 22. The dispersing section 8 comprises a gas introduction port 4 for introducing a carrier gas 3 under pressure into a gas passage, means for feeding raw material solutions 5a and 5b to the gas passage, and a gas outlet 7 for delivering the carrier gas containing the raw material solutions to the vaporizing section 22. The vaporizing section 22 comprises a vaporizing tube 20 having one end connected to a reaction tube of the MOCVD system and having the other end connected to the gas outlet 7 of the dispersing section 8, and heating means for heating the vaporizing tube 20. The vaporizing section 22 serves to heat and vaporize the raw material solution containing carrier gas 3 delivered from the dispersing section 8. The dispersing section 8 includes a dispersing section body 1 having a cylindrical hollow portion, and a rod 10 having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical hollow portion.

Abstract: A new method and apparatus is provided that can be applied to clean outer edges of semiconductor substrates. Under the first embodiment of the invention, a brush is mounted on the surface of the substrate around the periphery of the substrate, chemicals are fed to the surface that is being cleaned by means of a hollow core on which the cleaning brush is mounted. The surface that is being cleaned rotates at a relatively high speed thereby causing the chemicals that are deposited on this surface (by the brush) to remain in the edge of the surface. Under the second embodiment of the invention, a porous roller is mounted between a chemical reservoir and the surface that is being cleaned, the surface that is being cleaned rotates at a relatively high speed. The chemicals that are deposited by the interfacing porous roller onto the surface that is being cleaned therefore remain at the edge of this surface thereby causing optimum cleaning action of the edge of the surface.

Abstract: A method of accessing and cleaning an interior portion of a gas scrubber canister in-situ. A removable glass member is attachable to a flange formed on the canister. By removing the removable glass member an access port in communication with the interior portion of the canister is provided. A vacuum device is insertable through the access port to clean the interior portion in-situ.