Abstract: A high concentration, stable, neutral liquid fertilizer solution containing ammonium phosphite with a preferred composition of 9.8-34-0 for use as a fertilizer and a method for production and use of such a compound is disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for roll grooving thin wall pipe comprises a housing supporting a drive roll and an arm pivotally mounted on the housing and supporting a grooving roll. A feed screw between the housing and arm provides for pivoting the arm to displace the grooving roll radially toward and away from the drive roll, and a release arrangement between the feed screw and arm is operable to release the arm from the screw to protect the screw from damage. The feed screw is mounted on the housing and arm by a double pivot arrangement. Self-tracking during a roll grooving operation is provided by dimensionally different knurling on axially opposite sides of the rolling groove of the drive roll and/or by inclining the axis of the grooving roll relative to the axis of the drive roll and/or by tapering the rolling surface on the rolling projection of the grooving roll and/or by supporting the axially outer end of the drive roll against deflection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for bending a metal plate comprising: a first forming step (A) for obtaining a first formed member having a bent portion; and a second forming step (B) for bending the first formed member in a direction of a bending direction of the bent portion so as to allow the bent portion of the first formed member to receive bending-back force. In bending a metal plate by a forming punch relatively moving to a forming die side, the metal plate is bent in an arch shape round the bent forming portion of the forming die. The angle &thgr;p formed between an inclined flat forming portion and a horizontal flat forming portion of the forming die is set to &thgr;p>0, so that the bent arch portion abuts with the inclined flat forming portion of the forming punch and the inclined flat portion of the forming die simultaneously for a certain period of time.

Abstract: A draw-bending machine comprises a base frame (2), a bending head (3) movably in engagement with the base frame (2), a support and positioning device (9) for the bending head (3), and handling and locking means (51) of a pipe (6) to be bent. The support and positioning device (9) consists of a first support arm (10) movable relative to the base frame (2) and a second support arm (17) having a first end (17a) hinged on an end (10a) of the first support arm (10) and a second end (17b) hinged on the bending head (3). The handling and locking means (51) comprises a first gripping unit (25) adapted to shift the pipe (6) to an operating space that can be reached by the bending head (3).

Abstract: A hemming machine is disclosed having a base, a plate mounted to the base and a nest adapted to support a workpiece to be hemmed which is vertically slidably mounted to the base above the plate. An inflatable bladder is sandwiched in between the plate and the nest or even the base and the plate while a source of incompressible fluid selectively inflates the bladder thus vertically displacing the nest relative to the plate.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a flanged article (21) that comprises a central depressed body (27) and a peripheral flange (23) may include press forming a material (10) in order to form an intermediate flanged article (20) that comprises a central depressed body (26) and a peripheral flange (22). Then, the peripheral flange of the intermediate flanged article may be circumferentially squeezed in order to thicken the peripheral flange due to plastic flow caused by plastic deformation. The press forming step optionally may include forming a toothed portion (24) on an inner surface (22a) of the peripheral flange. The squeezing step optionally may include reshaping the toothed portion. Apparatus (1, 2) for performing each of these method steps are also described.

Abstract: The invention describes a production machine (1), in particular an edging press (2), preferably for shaping sheet metal parts (3) for making housing parts, sections (4), etc, with a machine frame (5) having C-shaped supporting side plates (6, 7) and at least one wall part (13) spacing the supporting side walls (6, 7) at a distance (11) apart from one another and permanently joined thereto. Mounted on the machine frame (5) so as to be non-displaceable is a press beam (15) on which a bending tool (36) can be mounted. Lying opposite it is another press beam (16), on which a bending tool (37) can also be mounted, displaceable in a guide arrangement (30) of the machine frame (5) by means of a drive arrangement (27). An actuator drive (25, 26) drivingly connected to the displaceable press beam (16) is preferably provided respectively on opposing side faces (22, 23) of each of the supporting side walls (6, 7).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for providing message diagnosis, in particular for error messages, and for error recovery in a system with at least one industrial machine and/or components of the machine. One or more error messages and accompanying circumstances are stored in a message diagnosis unit together with the accompanying error recovery measure(s). If one or more known errors are repeated, the stored error recovery measures are immediately and automatically accessed and the proven error recovery measures are transmitted to the respective machine This provides a method for message diagnosis which improves error handling.

Abstract: An inspection equipment integrity system uses independent sensors and processing capabilities to determine the integrity of inspection equipment. The sensors detect the presence of packages at predetermined positions. The system further receives input from the inspection equipment regarding decisions made during inspection of the packages. The system uses the position information and inputs from the inspection equipment to determine the integrity of the inspection equipment. A further sensor determines the integrity of inspection equipment used to redirect packages based on decisions made by the inspection equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calibration method for a system with at least two accelerometers (5), comprising the steps of arranging said accelerometers fixed on a vehicle (1), connecting said accelerometers (5) to a control unit and providing said vehicle (1) on a reference plane (11). The reference plane (11) has a known propagation angle to be used as a reference relative to which an offset value of each accelerometer (5) is established. Said offset value of each accelerometer is stored in said control unit. The invention also relates to a calibrated accelerometer system and a vehicle (1) provided with said system.

Abstract: Provided is a base metal undercoat containing catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst contains a base metal undercoat with an oxygen storage component, and at least one catalytic layer. Also provided are methods for preparing the catalyst and methods for monitoring the oxygen storage capacity of an exhaust article containing the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for determining the reducing agent concentration (NH3) in the exhaust-gas flow of an internal combustion engine, using a zeolitic NH3 gas sensor that supplies a base measuring value, which is initially corrected by an offset value and a correction value that depends on the H2O concentration of the exhaust gas to form an intermediate value. The intermediate value is subsequently corrected by an additional value that depends on the NOx and NH3 concentration of the exhaust gas. In particular at or above the limits for the operating range, the accuracy of the method increases for one of the following conditions: gas compositions with NOx concentrations >500 ppm, extremely low NH3 concentrations <20 ppm or high NH3 concentrations >100 ppm.

Abstract: The invention provides a gas concentration detection element that can prevent the drop of catalytic activity due to thermal aggregation of catalyst particles under high temperature conditions, can maintain a stable output for a long time and can be easily produced at a low production cost. A reference electrode 12 is formed on an inner surface of a cup-like oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte 11 and a detection electrode 13 is formed on its outer surface to constitute a gas concentration detection element 1 for detecting a specific gas component in a measured gas. A catalyst layer 15 is constituted by directly supporting a catalyst component on ceramic support particles, such as particles of element-substituted cordierite, through a chemical bond so that both bonding strength and durability can be improved.

Abstract: Water-resistant preformed resilient bags are applied to a porous material specimen having a coarse external surface to provide for more consistent measurement results in water displacement tests. The preformed bag is configured to collapse and substantially conform to the material specimen's external surface and to provide planar collapsed portions extending away from the specimen. The preformed bags are precision manufactured and each applied to a respective specimen in a manner in which the bag consistently displaces the same volume of water when used in water displacement tests over many specimens. The volume of the bag can be accounted for when obtaining the volume of the specimen. The method of sealing the specimen includes inserting the specimen into a preformed bag and collapsing and sealing the bag such that is conformal to the external surface of the specimen.

Abstract: A diagnostic method and system detects leaks in a vapor handling system of a vehicle that includes a fuel tank and a pressure/vacuum sensor that senses pressure and vacuum in the fuel tank. A canister recovers vapor from the fuel tank. A canister vent solenoid selectively provides atmospheric air to the canister. A controller connected to the canister vent solenoid and the pressure/vacuum sensor executes a leakage detection test that is capable of detecting leaks in the vapor handling system that have a diameter on the order of 0.020 inch. The leakage detection test includes a volatility test phase, a pressure phase, a vacuum phase, an analysis phase and a results phase. In other features, the leakage detection algorithm generates data sets having greater than 25 standard deviations between leakage and no-leakage data sets.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for assembling a polishing while inspecting for air leakage in the polishing head and an apparatus for performing the same. By the present invention, a polishing head may be tested for air leakage at each assembly step thereof, so that the polishing head may be assembled free of air leakage, thereby reducing testing time of the polishing head, and failure of the polishing head due to air leakage may be prevented. The apparatus includes a housing supporting the polishing head and having coupling lines coupled with ends of tubes provided in the assembled polishing head, or the polishing head being assembled. A pneumatic pressure regulating section selectively supplies positive pressure or vacuum to the tubes through the coupling lines. A sensor section detects the pressure and level of vacuum in the tubes. A determining section determines if there is air leakage in the polishing head.

Abstract: A mobile testing apparatus, method, and computer product that performs high speed testing of mobile pressure devices using high speed totalization, where testing of multiple devices may be done concurrently. Test results are communicated to a central console using a variety of communication methods, including wireless, and the testing apparatus and method is robust and reliable despite the occurrence of transient communication failures, because the test apparatus and method may operate independently of central control.

Abstract: A system for conducting high-temperature liquid chromatographic analysis includes a mobile phase transport tube configured to operably convey mobile phase from a source to respective chromatographic instruments in the system, a pre-heater apparatus operably coupled to the mobile phase transport tube for heating the mobile phase to a desired temperature, a chromatographic column operably coupled to the pre-heater apparatus, and including temperature-maintaining means for maintaining the column at a pre-determined temperature and a counter-flow heat exchanger operably exchanging heat from outlet mobile phase to inlet mobile phase through conductive heat transfer means. In a particular embodiment, the mobile phase passing through the chromatographic column is maintained in a substantially adiabatic environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for measuring the size, concentration and size distribution of particles in a fluid by determining the characteristics of an acoustic speckle signal of the particles and relating these characteristics to the size and concentration characteristics of the particles. The method and the apparatus are especially useful for the measurement of the size distribution of small particles in optically opaque liquids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the position of the combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. In order to enable an early determination of the 50% mass conversion point it is provided that the maximum value of the heating progress of the combustion is determined, that the 50% mass conversion point is assigned in a temporal respect to the maximum value of the heating progress, and that the temporal assignment of the 50% mass conversion point to the maximum value of the heating progress occurs prior to the end of the combustion.

Abstract: A system for determining engine phase in a motorcycle engine includes a crank gear sensor mounted near the crank gear of the engine, a pressure sensor mounted on the air intake manifold of the engine, and a processor communicating with the crank gear sensor and the pressure sensor. First and second groups of crank gear teeth pass by the crank gear sensor before either of the first and second pistons of the engine reaches TDC. At low rpm, such as at start up, the processor determines the phase of the engine during a single rotation of the crankshaft by measuring and comparing the time periods taken by the groups of teeth to pass by the crank gear sensor. At high rpm, the processor determines the phase of the engine using the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing a failure in an evaporative fuel processing system is disclosed. The evaporative fuel processing system has a fuel tank, a canister containing an adsorbent for adsorbing evaporative fuel generated in the fuel tank, an air passage connected to the canister and communicating with the atmosphere, a first passage for connecting the canister and the fuel tank, a second passage for connecting the canister and an intake system of an internal combustion engine, a vent shut valve for opening and closing the air passage, and a purge control valve provided in the second passage. The purge control valve and the vent shut valve are closed when stoppage of the engine is detected and it is determined whether there is a leak in the evaporative fuel processing system according to the detected pressure in the evaporative fuel processing system during a predetermined determination time period after closing the purge control valve and the vent shut valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting wear in a frictionally locking clutch (50) or a frictionally locking brake (2, 40), the clutch (50) or the brake (2, 40) having at least one electrically excitable coil (4) and at least one element (20, 21, 23) which can move in rotation about an axis (3), to bring about frictional locking with at least one corresponding mating element (22, 28, 54), at least the element (20, 21, 23) which can move in rotation or the corresponding mating element (22, 54) being axially movable, and it being possible to form an airgap (26). The wear (46) can be inferred by virtue of the fact that the electric current is measured by the electrically excitable coil (4), evaluated and the evaluation compared with at least one reference value.

Abstract: A tire pressure sensor with power generator includes a spool having a coil wound therearound. Within the spool is a pole piece. The tire pressure sensor is installed in a wheel that rotates with respect to a brake clamp. The brake clamp includes a magnetic strip that the sensor moves past as the wheel rotates. As the tire pressure sensor moves past the brake clamp, the magnetic strip causes the coil to output an AC voltage signal. A rectifier circuit connected to the coil converts the AC voltage to DC voltage. The DC voltage is stored in a storage capacitor to be used as needed by an air pressure sensing element connected thereto.

Abstract: A device for determining the adhesiveness factor of a particular sort of feed. The device is provided with a tube-shaped chute respectively a channel-shaped chute having a first end and a second end. The second end is located below the first end. A contact-determining means determines the moment of contact of an amount of the particular sort of feed with a first place of the tube-shaped chute respectively the channel-shaped chute. A leaving-determining means determines the moment when the amount of the particular sort of feed leaves a second place of the tube-shaped chute respectively the channel-shaped chute, said second place being remote from the first place. A period-of-time-determining means determines the period of time between the moment of contact and the moment of leaving.

Abstract: A fluid level measuring device, also referred to as a dipstick, for measuring the fluid level in a fluid reservoir or tank, such as an oil pan or transmission reservoir in an internal combustion engine. The fluid level measuring device includes a stationary tube assembly in which a rotatable dipstick assembly is disposed. The dipstick assembly includes a fluid level indicator measuring blade attached to an elongated shaft that is molded into a plastic handle assembly. The plastic handle assembly includes a bayonet type locking mechanism for locking the handle to the stationary tube assembly. A compressible seal forms a pressurized seal between the stationary tube assembly and the handle.

Abstract: An aircraft ultrasonic fuel-gauging system has a processing unit that energizes probes and receives signals from transducers arising from energy reflected back from the fuel surface. In addition to determining the time between transmission of a signal from the transducer and reception of its reflection from the fuel surface, the processing unit also determines the time of reception of subsequent reflections caused by reflection back from the lower end of the probe. The processing unit determines whether the subsequent reflected signals are within predetermined limits of the time interval between transmission and reception of the first reflected signal in order to confirm the validity of the first signal. The processing unit also counts the number of subsequent reflected signals received within predetermined time intervals to assign a confidence level and this used to select between different incompatible signals, such as signals from that probe at different times or signals from different probes.

Abstract: An integrated rate and accelerometer sensor includes two counter vibrating tuned accelerometers formed in a single substantially planar silicon body to form the sensing element. The two vibrating accelerometers are interleaved in a manner that places their respective centers of mass in the same line parallel to the direction of the vibration and has the centers of percussion of the two (pendulum) proof masses coincident. A phase insensitive quadrature nulling method is utilized for each of the two vibrating accelerometers. The sensor structure utilizes Pyrex for the top and bottom covers. Metalized electrodes, feedthrus and contact pads are also utilized for the sensing element, instead of interlayer wire bonds.

Abstract: A micromechanical inertial sensor is provided having a reduced pickoff Q, while maintaining a high motor Q. The micromechanical inertial sensor includes a pair of proof masses and aligned pickoff plates. Each pickoff plate is spaced from the respective proof mass by a gap that varies in response to out-of-plane movement of the proof mass. The micromechanical inertial sensor also includes at least one voltage source for providing charge to the pickoff plates. By measuring the movement of charge in each electrical circuit that includes a pickoff plate as the gap between the pickoff plate and the respective proof mass varies, a measurement of the rotation of the micromechanical inertial sensor about an input axis may be obtained. The micromechanical inertial sensor further includes resistive elements disposed in series between the voltage source and each pickoff plate to increase the pickoff resonance damping of the micromechanical inertial sensor.

Abstract: Abnormal rotational speed detection means of the variable speed fan motor according to the invention comprises a threshold width setting means that generates a threshold width set value of the rotational speed and a subtractor means that subtracts the threshold width set value from a rotational speed command value transmitted from a rotational speed command means. A value obtained by subtracting the threshold width set value from the rotational speed command value is put into a rotational speed comparator means as the threshold value for the rotational speed of the fan motor.

Abstract: The claimed method of in-tube inspection of a pipeline is effected by passing through the pipeline an inspection pig carrying monitoring transducers responsive to the diagnostic parameters of the pipeline, means for measuring, processing and storage of the measurements data by periodic interrogation of the monitoring transducers during the travel of the inspection pig and processing and storage of the measurement data. The method is characterized in that during the travel of the pig with a period not less than the cycle time of the monitoring transducers the velocity of the inspection pig is determined, and the cycle time of the monitoring transducers is set as a function of at least two values of the pig velocity determined during its travel. The period of determining the inspection pig velocity makes 200-2000 cycles of interrogation of the monitoring transducers. The cycle of interrogation of the monitoring transducers is given a value from a number of discrete values in a series of at least 3.

Abstract: The system provides a means for identifying the opposite ends of each particular conduit of an array of conduits laidout in a building. The system includes a sonic transmitter and a sonic receiver which are units that are separate from each other and portable. The transmitter is connected to a sonic output transducer mounted on a wand which semi-rigid allowing it to be placed at an open end of a conduit and emit a sonic signal thereinto and through the conduit. The receiver is connected to sonic input transducer mounted on another wand which is semi-rigid allowing it to be placed at the opposite open end of the conduit and receive the sonic signal transmitted through the conduit. The sonic transducers may be moved from one of the open ends to another in the array until the input transducer receives the transmitted signal.

Abstract: An ultrasonic sparse imaging array includes a substrate of an acoustically absorptive material, through which extend a multiplicity of holes. Adhesive sheets, having selectively conductive regions, are fixed to a first side of the substrate, and are each disposed over a first end of one of the holes. Plano-convex shaped transducer elements, having a wide acoustic field of view, are disposed on each of the sheets, each of the sheets serving as a positive electrode and providing a mechanical and electrical connection between the substrate and a multiplicity of transducer elements. Plating is fixed to the first side of the substrate and covers each of the transducer elements and comprises a negative electrode. A conductive epoxy fills each of the holes and a power source is in electrical communication with the negative electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus mainly for measuring mechanical properties, electrical properties and transducer properties (e.g., electromechanical coupling constant) of piezoelectrics, wherein three measurement specimens of the same material and the same dimension, each having parallel planes, and two insertion plates of the same material and the same dimension, each having known mechanical properties, are stacked alternately, a load is applied to these measurement specimens and insertion plates via the measurement specimens located on both end sides, the displacements in the direction of application of the load are measured before and after application of the load, and an elastic constant of the measurement specimen is determined based on those displacements, and the measurement of the electromechanical coupling constant is applied to the piezoelectrics by using the same apparatus under short-and-open circuit conditions.

Abstract: A strain gauge strip (10a) of the type that can be mechanically applied to a support (1) subject to deformation, is made of Samarium sulphide and provides optimum performance in terms of precision and sensitivity, without being affected by temperature and covering a wide range of deformations that are well suited to commercial application (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A support for facilitating the bending test of flexible substrates is disclosed. The support includes a plastic or adhesive plastic applied on the substrate to keep the shards together after breakage, thereby eliminating the process of collecting the shards and fitting them back together for failure analysis.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter for measuring a flow rate in lines for conveying and distributing electrically conducting liquids, comprising a flowmeter body forming a substantially cylindrical open ended chamber, delimited by side walls of electrically insulating material. The flowmeter body accommodates a pair of facing electrodes arranged at diametrically opposite regions of said chamber and a magnetic field generator generating induction lines orientated at right angles to a line connecting the electrodes and to the chamber axis. The electrodes can be connected to a measuring device for measuring the potential difference induced between the electrodes by the fluid flow in the presence of said magnetic field. Two sleeves on the flowmeter body provide an extension of the chamber ends. The sleeves are flexible and fit hermetically over two duct portions along which the flow-rate is to be measured.

Abstract: The vortex flow pickup (1) serves for measuring the mass flow, the volume flow or the flow velocity of a fluid which is flowing in a measuring tube (2) having a tube wall (21), and has a temperature sensor (34) arranged in such a way that the vortex flow pickup may also be used together with those fluids which corrode the temperature sensor. A bluff body (4) which produces vortices, and consequently pressure fluctuations, is arranged in the measuring tube. A vortex sensor (3) responding to these pressure fluctuations is fitted downstream of the bluff body in a bore (22) of the tube wall (21) of the measuring tube. The vortex sensor (3) comprises a diaphragm (33) which covers the bore (22) and on which a sensor vane (31) protruding into the fluid is fastened. The temperature sensor (34) is fixed on the bottom of a blind hole (314) of the sensor vane. On the side of the diaphragm lying opposite the sensor vane, a sensor element (35) is fastened.

Abstract: A fluid control module that may be connected in-line within a chemically corrosive or ultra pure fluid flow circuit that delivers fluids in either a liquid or gaseous state. The fluid control module of the present invention may be utilized to control the flow, pressure or volume of fluid flowing through the fluid flow circuit and is capable of automatically adjusting or “calibrating” the module to compensate for changes in atmospheric pressure or drift in the pressure sensors of the fluid control module. The fluid control module also includes a rapid or macro adjustment of the control valve to reach the desired flow rate at a quicker pace.

Abstract: Micromachine fluidic apparatus incorporates a free-standing tube section and electrodes to actuate or control the movement of the tube section, or to sense the movement of the tube section, or both. Electronic circuitry, which may be disposed on the same substrate as the fluidic portion of the apparatus, is used in conjunction with the tube and electrodes in conjunction with a variety of different applications, including fluid flow measurement, fluid density measurement, fluid viscosity measurement, fluid transport, separation and/or mixing. According to a particular embodiment, the freestanding section of the tube is resonated for fluid flow and density measurements according to the Coriolis effect. Capacitive/electrostatic actuation techniques are used to control or resonate the free-standing section of the tube, and to detect variations in tube movement.

Abstract: A direct and non-destructive method for measuring recess depth in a semiconductor wafer through use of a solvent, comprising:

Abstract: A shift actuator for a transmission, comprising an operation rod that engages with an operation member coupled to the shift lever of the transmission, a magnetic moving means arranged on the outer peripheral surface of said operation rod, a cylindrical fixed yoke surrounding said magnetic moving means, and a pair of coils arranged side by side in the axial direction inside said fixed yoke, wherein magnetic members are arranged on both sides of said pair of coils.

Abstract: A construction of coupling spline sections of an automatic transmission includes: a rotary shaft section having an outer periphery formed with a spline section; a rotary hollow section having an inner periphery formed with a spline section which is coupled with the spline section of the rotary shaft section in a press fitting state; a support member; and a bearing disposed between a part of an outer periphery of the rotary hollow section and the support member. The bearing rotatably bears the rotary shaft section in such a manner as to transmit a torque between the rotary shaft section and the rotary hollow section. The spline section of the rotary shaft section and the spline section of the rotary hollow section which are disposed at least inside the bearing are coupled with each other in a loose state looser than the press fitting state.

Abstract: In a ball screw device comprising a screw shaft and a nut which make relative movement to each other through a multiplicity of balls, as well as in a linear motion device comprising an outer member and an inner member which make the relative movements to each other through the multiplicity of balls, a spacer having two concave surfaces facing respectively to balls, is disposed between the balls adjacent to each other. A section of each of the concave surfaces of the spacer is formed of two circular arcs of which central positions deviate from each other to form a Gothic arch. The spacer has such a configuration that the balls adjacent to each other come into contact with outer edges thereof or portions vicinal to the outer edges. The spacer also has such a configuration that the balls adjacent to each other come into contact with at least three or more outer edge portions thereof or portions vicinal to the outer edges. The spacer may have a through-hole formed in a thinnest portion thereof.

Abstract: A joystick has a knob and an operation stick. The knob has a insertion hole. The knob is provided with a first restriction portion on an inner face of the insertion hole. The operating stick has a second restriction portion. The operating stick press-fits into the insertion hole. The first restriction and the second restriction portion restrict a press-fitting direction when the operating stick is press-fitted into the insertion hole.

Abstract: A gear change device comprises a select actuator for operating the shift lever of a transmission in the direction of selection and a shift actuator for operating the shift lever in the direction of shift. The select actuator has a casing, a shift lever support member that is arranged in the casing so as to slide in the axial direction and supports the shift lever, a magnetic moving means arranged on the outer periphery of the shift lever support member, a cylindrical fixed yoke arranged surrounding the magnetic moving means, a pair of coils arranged inside the fixed yoke, and a select position-limiting means for limiting the operation position of the shift lever support member according to a thrust produced by the shift lever support member in proportion to the amount of electric power fed to the pair of coils, and further, magnetic members are arranged on both sides of the pair of coils.

Abstract: In a switch operating mechanism, a switch of a circuit board is disposed between a first pressing arm and a second pressing arm of a pusher having a substantial U-shape when seen in side view, and the first pressing arm is positioned directly above the switch. A front end of an operating knob is disposed between the circuit board and the second pressing arm. When the operator moves the operating knob upward, the front end of the operating knob moves the second pressing arm of the pusher downward. Thus the pusher moves straight along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board, and the first pressing arm of the pusher presses and activates the switch.

Abstract: To reduce moment generated at the proximal portion and the supporting portion of a brake pedal and to prevent an increase in weight even when the brake pedal is disposed outside a vehicle body and an operating unit is disposed away from the brake pedal within the vehicle body. A supporting shaft rotates integrally with the brake pedal by being connected with the brake pedal at one end with a supporting member for supporting both ends of the supporting shaft. An operating member is provided for operating an operating unit by rotation of the brake pedal and the supporting shaft by being connected to the other end of the supporting shaft at the position away from the brake pedal are provided. A pedal pad unit includes a flat depressing surface forming portion to be covered by a cover on the front face on which the driver depresses and a mounting portion extending from the depressing surface forming portion in the direction opposite from the cover for being pivotally mounted on the pedal lever unit.

Abstract: A crash management system for implementation in a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is provided. Implementation of such a system entails designing an FESS rim that is highly failure resistant, and designing the FESS such that if one, some, or even all of its components fail, they are physically prevented from accumulating and releasing enough energy to cause rim burst, thus leaving the rim intact and capable of safely remaining spinning even after one or more FESS component failures have occurred.

Abstract: A ratchet actuator for an ergonomic device has a thin profile due to the combination of multiple functions into single parts. A ratchet drive gear also has drive fingers for operating a clutch. A clutch stator has high and low steps for engaging and disengaging ratchet pawls.