Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, is described, in which fuel may be injected into a combustion chamber (4) during an intake phase in a first mode of operation or during a compression phase in a second mode of operation, and in which exhaust gases may be sent to a catalytic converter (12). A control unit (18) determines a temperature difference between an actual exhaust gas temperature and a setpoint exhaust gas temperature at an operating point having a low exhaust gas temperature. In addition, at least one additional injection after combustion is implemented by the control unit (18) as a function of the temperature difference.

Abstract: An exhaust passage (20) of an internal-combustion engine (1) is provided with exhaust emission control means (40) capable of reducing harmful substances in exhaust gas under a given exhaust pressure condition and an exhaust sensor (22) for detecting the concentration of a specific exhaust component (H2, O2) in the exhaust gas, and performance lowering identifying means identifies lowering of the performance of the exhaust emission control means (40) by detecting a failure to fulfill the given exhaust pressure condition in accordance with the output of the exhaust sensor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprises a substrate, an inner catalytic layer coated on the substrate, an intermediate catalytic layer containing Pd laid over said inner catalytic layer, and an outer catalytic layer containing a NOx adsorption material laid over said intermediate catalytic layer. The Pd isolated from the NOx adsorption material is prevented from lowering its low temperature activity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a lean-burn internal combustion engine in cooperation with an exhaust gas purification system having a three-way catalyst and a NOx trap located downstream of the three-way catalyst includes a controller which calculates current levels of tailpipe NOx during lean engine operating conditions based upon the difference between a determined instantaneous feedgas NOx concentration and a determined instantaneous trap efficiency. The controller discontinues lean engine operation when the tailpipe NOx, expressed in terms of either grams-per-mile or grams-per-hour, exceeds a predetermined threshold level, either instantaneously or as averaged over the course of a trap purge-fill cycle.

Abstract: For the regeneration of an NOx storage catalyst by means of hydrogen in a secondary hydrogen process, the hydrogen required for the regeneration is taken from a primary hydrogen process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for determining the need for regeneration in a NOx storage catalyst (18) arranged in the exhaust train (12) of an at least periodically lean-operating internal combustion engine (10) for a motor vehicle. According to the invention, the need for regeneration is determined according to the engine power (P) of the internal combustion engine (10) and the remaining NOx storage capacity of the NOx storage catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides low temperature NO2 trap compositions useful for adsorbing NO2 from a gas stream at lower temperatures, and releasing the NO2 at higher temperatures. The low temperature trap compositions are useful for incorporation into a diesel exhaust system equipped with a soot filter. The NO2 from the diesel exhaust can be stored when the exhaust temperature is cool, e.g., during startup and at times of low load, and released when the exhaust is at higher temperatures. The released NO2 serves as an effective oxidant for the combustion of soot deposited on the soot filter. These temperatures are significantly lower than those required for the combustion of soot using O2 as an oxidant. The methods of the invention thereby provide a method for regenerating the soot filter within operating temperature ranges typical of diesel engine exhaust systems.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system for use with an internal combustion engine includes at least one leg having a multi-stage NOx adsorber, with each NOx adsorber stage corresponding to a different temperature range of NOx adsorption. In a multi-pass aftertreatment system, a manifold has at least one inlet and a plurality of outlets. A plurality of legs are connected with a respective manifold outlet. Each leg has a NOx adsorber therein. At least one valve is positioned in association with at least one leg for at least partially opening and closing the at least one leg.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe has a manifold; one end of the manifold is connected to a distal end of a connecting tube. Another ends of the manifold are extended with a left branch tube and a right branch tube. The left branch tube is connected to a first muffler tube and the right branch tube is connected to a second muffler tube. The feature is that an interior of a middle section of the manifold has a valve which is controlled by a controller. The valve controls the area of the opening of the left branch tube communicated with the first muffler tube and the area of the opening of the right branch tube communicated with the second muffler tube. The driver may control the variation of exhaust gas without needing to adjust the exhaust pipe. The noise may be reduced easily and the performance of acceleration is enhanced.

Abstract: A torque converter defines an ellipticity lower than or equal to 0.23 which is an outermost length of the torque converter in an axial direction, divided by an outermost diameter of the torque converter in a radial direction. The torque converter includes: a pump impeller connecting to an input shaft; a turbine runner opposed to the pump impeller and connecting to an output shaft; and a stator disposed between an inlet of the pump impeller and an outlet of the turbine runner, by way of a one way clutch which allows a one way rotation. The torque converter transmits a power by circulating a fluid through the pump impeller, the turbine runner and the stator. A first area ratio A is: 0.23≦A≦0.45, A second area ratio B is: 0.23≦B≦0.45, and A third area ratio C is: 0.15≦C≦0.23.

Abstract: A hydraulic system is provided. The hydraulic system includes a a hydraulic actuator, a source of pressurized fluid, and a directional control valve controlling fluid flow into and out of the hydraulic actuator. An accumulator is disposed between a fluid input line and a fluid output line for the directional control valve. A regeneration control valve is disposed between the accumulator and the output of the source of pressurized fluid. A storage control valve is disposed between the fluid output line and a tank of the hydraulic system.

Abstract: A backhoe hydraulic system includes a first source of hydraulic fluid, a tank or reservoir, a boom lift cylinder, and a directional control valve that controls fluid flow between the boom swing cylinder and the tank and reservoir. The system also includes a second source of hydraulic fluid (at a higher pressure than the first source) that is connected to one port of the boom lift cylinder via a separate boost valve.

Abstract: A seat valve body mounted in a hydraulic line between a pump line and feeder lines to control hydraulic fluid supplied to variable throttles and to auxiliarily control hydraulic fluid flowing in a load line comprises a first seat valve having a variable control throttle displaced by a difference between a load pressure of the load line and a discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump and varying an opening area from the pump line to the feeder lines based on a displacement amount thereof, a second seat valve having a pilot variable control throttle displacing with respect to the first seat valve, determining a displacement amount of the first seat valve, and varying an opening area based on a displacement amount thereof; and a pilot spool having a pilot variable throttle determining a displacement amount of the pilot variable control throttle of the second seat valve upon switching.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling hydraulic flow to a hydraulic actuator in fluid communication with a pump. The method includes generating a signal representative of a speed of the pump and selecting a relationship from a plurality of relationships between valve commands and an operator input. The selection is based upon the speed signal. A valve is modulated to control the hydraulic flow to the hydraulic actuator based on the selected relationship and the operator input.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission, comprising a housing, an interior space of the housing serving as a fluid sump; a center section disposed in the housing so as to be submerged In the fluid sump; a hydraulic pump mounted on the center section in the housing: a hydraulic motor mounted on the center section in the housing, and a pair of first and second fluid passages formed within the center section so as to fluidly connect the hydraulic pump with the hydraulic motor. The second fluid passage has an upwardly slant opening toward the fluid sump. A draining device including a relief valve is provided in the opening of the second fluid passage. When hydraulic pressure in the second fluid passage is not more than a predetermined value but not less than that in the first fluid passage, the relief valve is opened so as to drain fluid from the second fluid passage to the fluid sump, thereby keeping the hydrostatic transmission in neutral.

Abstract: The rack is connected to a frame which is secured to the bottom of an ocean or lake with high waves which move up and down with high frequency. Pawls enable the up and down motion of the buoyant rack to turn the driving shaft of a pump. This invention combines the rack and pinion concept with the pawl and ratchet concept, thereby converting the up-and-down motion of the reciprocating rack into the rotation of the shaft which drives the pump. Wster is pumped up, by the pumps, to generate hydroelectric power.

Abstract: A variable geometry nozzle suitable for a radial turbine in a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine. The turbine inlet, turbine outlet or both include a vane assembly having a housing and an adjustable cartridge movable in the housing. Each cartridge has vanes having a plurality of vane sections. Each vane section provides a vane geometry different than the vane geometries of the other vane sections.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbocharger in an internal combustion engine has a turbine and a compressor which is driven by the turbine and contains, in a compressor flow duct, a compressor impeller. A bypass to the compressor impeller communicates with the inflow duct via a first flow opening and, via a second flow opening, communicates with the compressor outflow region downstream of the outlet edge of the compressor impeller. A shutoff element which may be adjusted between a closing position and an opening position is provided in the bypass for the purpose of variably setting the effective flow cross-section of the bypass. The adjustable shutoff element is arranged in the second flow opening to the compressor outflow region.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for use in a motor vehicle, is provided with a combustion air supply, an exhaust manifold, and a bypass venturi assembly. The bypass venturi assembly includes a housing having an outlet, a combustion air inlet connected and in communication with the combustion air supply, and an exhaust gas inlet connected and in communication with the exhaust manifold. A venturi nozzle is positioned in communication with the combustion air inlet. The venturi nozzle defines a bypass venturi section therein. The venturi nozzle and the housing define an exhaust gas venturi section therebetween terminating at an induction area. The venturi nozzle has a plurality of through holes in communication with a downstream portion of the exhaust gas venturi section. The exhaust gas inlet terminates at the induction area. A bypass valve is positioned to open and close the bypass venturi section.

Abstract: A compressor in a turbocharger has a compressor impeller in an inflow passage and an outflow region downstream of the compressor-impeller outlet edge. The outflow region is assigned a connecting passage, a stabilizing chamber and an outflow passage, the connecting passage being arranged with a lateral offset with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the stabilizing chamber.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling an engine having a turbocharger with at least two discrete positions and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The method includes producing a control signal to the turbocharger. The signal has two discrete levels. One of such levels is selected to provide a proper flow of air through the turbocharger to an intake of the engine and such selected level is modulated between such two levels over time to provide, over time, a proper pressure at an input of the EGR to enable a proper flow of exhaust gases from the exhaust of the engine through the EGR back to the intake of the engine. With such method, while there is relatively instantaneous control of the exhaust pressure at the input of the EGR, and hence proper instantaneous control of EGR flow through the EGR.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for use in a work machine, is provided with a combustion air supply and an exhaust manifold. A bypass venturi assembly includes a housing having an outlet, a combustion air inlet and an exhaust gas inlet. A center piece is positioned within the housing and is in communication with the combustion air inlet. The center piece defines a combustion air bypass section therein. A combustion air bypass valve is positioned in association with the combustion air bypass section. An exhaust gas valve is positioned in association with the exhaust gas inlet. A single shaft is coupled with and carries each of the combustion air bypass valve and the exhaust gas valve.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine including an exhaust turbocharger and an exhaust-gas recirculation device, with an exhaust turbine and a compressor, the exhaust turbine has a plurality of inlet flow passages to which exhaust gas can be supplied via separate exhaust lines connected to some of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. In total, three flow passages are provided in the exhaust turbine, of which two communicate with the exhaust-gas recirculation device, and one of these flow passages includes an adjustable throttling member for regulating the mass flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated.

Abstract: A supercharger arrangement, having a first rotor assembly, including a first compressor with a first compressor inlet and a first compressor outlet, and a second compressor with a second compressor inlet and a second compressor outlet. The supercharger arrangement also having a second rotor assembly, including a third compressor with a third compressor inlet and a compressor outlet, and a fourth compressor with a fourth compressor inlet and a fourth compressor outlet; and a first inter-stage conduit that communicates the first compressor outlet with the fourth compressor inlet so that flow from the first compressor feeds into the fourth compressor.

Abstract: In a drive system, there is provided a waste heat recovering device forming a Rankine cycle by an evaporator for heating water with waste heat of an internal combustion engine to generate high-pressure vapor, the internal combustion engine being connected to a transmission, a displacement-type expander for converting high-pressure vapor generated by the evaporator to an output with constant torque, a condenser for liquefying low-pressure vapor discharged from the expander, and a feed pump for supplying water liquefied by the condenser to the evaporator. The expander is connected to a power generator/motor via a planetary gear mechanism, and the expander is connected to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine via the planetary gear mechanism and a belt-type continuously variable transmission.

Abstract: A set amount of fluid can be constantly supplied to an actuator and a flow-back of fluid from the actuator can be prevented, even in case of developing variations of a load pressure of the actuator and a pressure of a hydraulic pump, and provided is a control valve for controlling the driving of the actuator connected to the hydraulic pump, a logic check valve mounted in a path between the hydraulic pump and the control valve to be opened and shut, and a logic control valve mounted between the hydraulic pump and the pressure chamber of the logic check valve and for controlling an amount of fluid passing through the upper side of the logic check valve from the hydraulic pump upon switching.

Abstract: A combustor structure of a gas turbine, in which a sheet-like vibration damper, which resonates with the air vibration in the intake chamber and absorbs the energy of the air vibration, is attached to the inner wall of the casing by an attaching member via a space.

Abstract: An improved liquid fuel injector (10) for burners of gas turbines, of the type comprising a tube (16) which supplies the liquid fuel to an injector head (12), an external tube (24) being provided around the tube (16) to form an annular cavity (26) where pressurized air is supplied, and a covering element (28) being provided around the head (12) to form a cavity (32); a turbulence element (18) comprising blading (22) is provided before the head (12).

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component includes a perforate metal wall having pores extending therethrough. The wall has a first surface covered by a thermal barrier coating. The pores have first ends which are covered by the thermal barrier coating, and the pores are ventilated from an opposite second surface of the wall for cooling the thermal barrier coating.

Abstract: A wall structure for a gas turbine engine component is provided which comprises a wall having a first side facing a flow of hot gases and a second side exposed to a source of cooling fluid. The wall has a plurality of holes formed therethrough, and an outer layer disposed on the first side. The holes greatly increase the wetted surface area of the wall exposed to cooling flow.

Abstract: A method for controlling an aircraft engine using a control system enables an engine to be operated at low power while hail is ingested. The control system includes a processor coupled to the aircraft engine. The method comprises receiving a plurality of sensed inputs from the aircraft engine, receiving current engine environmental operating conditions, determining a reference value for a controlled variable from a fuel flow schedule, generating a fuel-air-ratio for the reference value based on current engine environmental operating conditions, and enriching combustor fuel staging in response to the fuel-air-ratio.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine injects a liquid fuel flow from a liquid fuel passage in the swirler vane. An air flow over the swirler vane atomizes the liquid fuel flow to form a fuel air mixture. The fuel nozzle eliminates the need for a conventional air blast atomizer.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine including a gas generator module and a reduction gearbox module. The gas generator module has an axis which extends longitudinally along a centreline of the gas generator module, and the reduction gearbox module has an axis which extending longitudinally along the centreline of the reduction gearbox and is offset from said generator axis. The reduction gearbox is driven by an intermediate shaft angled relative to the turbine output shaft.

Abstract: A combustor liner is provided having first and second annular bands which define an overlapping circumferential joint area, wherein a weld is disposed in the joint area encompassing substantially all of the axial length of the joint area. A method for producing such a combustor liner is also provided.

Abstract: A heating and/or air conditioning system for an interior of a vehicle has a central heating and/or cooling device and a decentralized air-conveying device which includes a plurality of air-conveying units arranged locally in the vehicle interior. In order to permit good regulation of the heating and/or air conditioning system and efficient air conditioning, respective air-conveying units of the decentralized air-conveying device are arranged in a plurality of subspaces of the vehicle interior for circulating air in the respective subspaces.

Abstract: Cryostat having a connecting branch which is connected to a cooling chamber and is open on the end side, raised parts and/or depressions increasing the wall surface being provided on at least part of the inner wall of the connecting branch.

Abstract: Stranded natural gas is sometimes liquefied and sent to other countries that can use the gas in a transport ship. Conventional receiving terminals use large cryogenic storage tanks to hold the liquefied natural gas (LNG) after it has been offloaded from the ship. The present invention eliminates the need for the conventional cryogenic storage tanks and instead uses uncompensated salt caverns to store the product. The present invention can use a special heat exchanger, referred to as a Bishop Process heat exchanger, to warm the LNG prior to storage in the salt caverns or the invention can use conventional vaporizing systems some of which may be reinforced and strengthened to accommodate higher operating pressures. In one embodiment, the LNG is pumped to higher pressures and converted to dense phase natural gas prior to being transferred into the heat exchanger and the uncompensated salt caverns.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a compressor having a motor protector which stops the compressor's motor when it senses an out of specification condition. A diagnostic system of the cooling system monitors the status of the motor protector. The diagnostic system includes logic circuitry that diagnoses the type of problem the compressor or the system is having based upon the running times and status of the motor in conjunction with the times and status of the tripped motor protector. The diagnostic system also includes either a discharge pressure sensor or a condenser temperature sensor, an ambient air sensor and a voltage sensor. The sensors provide information to the diagnostic system to enable it to determine and indicate a system fault.

Abstract: An operator control panel for an electrical appliance, in particular, a refrigerator, includes a base panel for fastening on the electrical appliance, a control circuit for the electrical appliance, an insert for attachment to a visible side of the base panel, and an adapter for fastening the control circuit behind the base panel in a number of different positions.

Abstract: A food storage system mounted in a fresh food compartment of a refrigerator includes an enclosure, as well as a food receptacle slidably positioned in the enclosure. A thermoelectric (TE) device is employed to establish a flow of temperature controlled air for establishing a desired temperature in the food receptacle. In accordance with one embodiment, the thermoelectric device is positioned in a chamber defined behind the food receptacle. In another embodiment, the thermoelectric device comprises a module located atop the enclosure.

Abstract: Refrigerant freezeout is prevented by the use of a controlled bypass flow that causes a warning of the lowest temperature refrigerant in a refrigeration system that achieves very low temperatures by using a mixture of refrigerants comprising at least two refrigerants with boiling points that differ by at least 50° C. This control capability enables reliable operation of the very low temperature system.

Abstract: The present invention is a refrigeration system that uses a nonflammable, nonchlorinated refrigerant mixture to achieve very-low temperatures using a single compressor. The system is characterized by both high efficiency and rapid cool down time.

Abstract: A pull-down control algorithm for an HVAC refrigeration system is provided. The control algorithm utilizes a fuzzy logic methodology to automatically adjust a flow of refrigerant in the system during a pull-down to maintain a desired pull-down rate. The desired pull-down rate is decreased proportionately as the temperature of the fluid being pulled down approaches a desired operating setpoint to avoid or minimize any overshoot of the operating setpoint. The desired pull-down rate is obtained by adjusting a rate sensitivity factor used in the control algorithm. When the temperature of the fluid being pulled down is above a predetermined value from the operating setpoint, the control algorithm uses a fuzzy logic methodology to determine a rate sensitivity that results in the desired pull-down rate that approaches the operating setpoint without overshoot.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit for a motor vehicle air-conditioning system has a refrigerant compressor, a cooler connected downstream of the refrigerant compressor, a restrictor for expanding the refrigerant, and an evaporator for transferring heat to the refrigerant. Pressure in the refrigerant circuit is measured firstly on the high-pressure side and secondly on the low-pressure side. An air-conditioning system can be driven directly or indirectly by the motor vehicle driving engine. The refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is almost completely liquefied upstream of the restrictor, so that it is easy to determine the refrigerant mass flow. As a result, it becomes possible to determine the compressor torque which is consumed by the refrigerant circuit and to control the motor vehicle driving engine accordingly.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for cooling a vehicle passenger compartment is disclosed. The system includes an air duct, a refrigerant circuit, a variable displacement compressor, and a controller. The air duct directs air conditioned air into the vehicle passenger compartment. The refrigerant circuit circulates a refrigerant, wherein a first portion of the circuit is exposed to the air duct and a second portion of the circuit is exposed to air external of the vehicle passenger compartment. The variable displacement compressor is in fluid communication with the refrigerant circuit, wherein the compressor has a control valve for regulating refrigerant flow between a compressor crankcase and a compressor discharge chamber and between the compressor crankcase and a compressor suction chamber. The controller in electrical communication with the variable displacement compressor for controlling refrigerant flow and a displacement of the compressor by actuating the control valves.

Abstract: A product merchandising unit for holding and displaying multiple and different types of products, the unit including a cooler assembly for holding and displaying chilled products and at least one display rack for holding and displaying periodicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a defroster for an evaporator of a refrigerator. A defrosting heater 34 is installed close to a refrigerant tube 32 in which a refrigerant flows. The defrosting heater 34 is constructed to generate different amounts of heat according to positions in an evaporator 30. To this end, a hot wire 44 of the defrosting heater 34 has different wound pitches according to the positions in the evaporator 30. For example, the pitch of the hot wire 44 on an inlet side through which air that has circulated in the refrigerator is introduced toward the evaporator 30 is set to be small in order to generate a relatively large amount of heat. Since air that has circulated in a refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator entrains a relatively large amount of moisture, the pitch of the hot wire 44 is relatively small at a region in the evaporator 30 by which air that has circulated in the refrigerating chamber passes.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a multi-stage compression type rotary compressor which can avoid the replacement of parts to be used as much as possible to reduce costs and also which enables easily setting an appropriate displacement volume ratio while preventing-the compressor from being increased in size. The gist of the present invention is that an inner diameter of a lower cylinder is altered without altering its thickness (or height), and a displacement volume ratio between first and second rotary compression elements is set to an optimum value in accordance with the alteration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a self-refrigerating drinks package, characterised in that it includes a step consisting in assembling refrigeration means inside the package, said refrigeration means being composed of a cavity containing a refrigerating liquid able to evaporate under the effect of a negative pressure, means of connecting said cavity to external pumping means by adsorption being provided in the package, partial pressure of the non-adsorbable gases in the internal cavity being maintained below 3 millibar.

Abstract: A beverage cooler is provided with an improved thermoelectric chiller unit for chilling a supply of water or other selected beverage within a cooler reservoir. The improved thermoelectric chiller unit includes a thermoelectric heat transfer module captured by a spring mount with substantially uniform pressure distribution between a chiller probe for chilling the water within the cooler reservoir, and a heat exchanger for dissipating heat drawn from the chilled water. The cooler reservoir has a faucet mounted thereon for on-demand dispensing of the water, and is mounted as a removable unit within a cooler housing with a bottom wall of the reservoir defining an inverted cup-shaped receptacle for close slide-fit reception of the chiller probe.