Abstract: A water-purifying filter element is provided at an upper part of filtering materials therein with a plurality of surface holes of predetermined depths. The surface holes provide additional water passages for water introduced into the filter element via the upper part of the filtering materials, so that the introduced water are guided toward different directions to reduce a flow resistance thereof. The surface holes also increase impurity-deposit areas in the filter element to extend a service life of the filter element and speed up purification of water.

Abstract: Sulfonamide polymer matrices and their various uses are disclosed. Among the uses is the configuration of the matrix with a porous support membrane to form a semipermeable membrane of the invention. The matrix of the invention is ultrathin, dense and substantially free of defects. The matrix configuration as the semipermeable membrane shows improved permeate flux and retention values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removal of sulfur compounds from wastewater, which process provides recovery of elemental sulfur. The process is carried out in two separate anaerobic reactors. In the first reactor organic compounds are converted to acid compounds and sulfur compounds are converted to sulfide compounds. The sulfide compounds are stripped from said first reactor with a stripping gas. Subsequently, the effluent of the first reactor is fed to a second anaerobic reactor, in which organic compounds, such as the acid compounds, are converted to produce biogas, while any unconverted sulfur compounds from the previous step are converted to sulfide compounds as well. Finally, the sulfide compounds are removed from the second reactor in a stripping system, and converted to elemental sulfur in an adsorber.

Abstract: An induced sludge bed anaerobic reactor includes a vessel in which a septum or other partition is positioned to maintain solids in wastewater being treated toward a lower zone in the reactor. A central aperture is formed in the septum into which a sludge blanket control mechanism, such as an auger, is positioned to force solids to the lower zone of the reactor or, alternatively, pull solids up above the septum so that they can be removed from the vessel, if desired. A mixer may be utilized in connection with the bioreactor to mix the contents and prevent a crust from forming at the top of the bioreactor. Still further, a wall may be positioned to extend above the septum around its perimeter to assist in separating solids from the wastewater. The various types of bacteria used in the anaerobic process may also be separated, according to the present invention, in either a single vessel or multiple vessels so that the conditions of each respective vessel can be altered as desired.

Abstract: A method of treating animal waste includes separating the solids by flocculation and dissolved air flow, followed by screening of the solids to separate them from the waste water. The resulting solid portion is used as the basis for manufacturing value-added products including organic fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, soil amendments and soilless media.

Abstract: The resist stripping waste liquid regenerating apparatus of the invention regenerates a resist stripping waste liquid to obtain a resist stripping regenerated liquid. The apparatus is provided with a membrane separating apparatus which employs a membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 100-1500 to separate a resist stripping waste liquid into a concentrated liquid and a permeating liquid, an adjusting tank which stores the permeating liquid and adjusts the concentration of an alkanolamine and organic solvent, means for supplying the alkanolamine to the adjusting tank, and means for supplying the organic solvent to the adjusting tank. This construction adequately reduces the resist concentration of the permeating liquid since the resist in the resist stripping waste liquid cannot permeate the membrane. It is thereby possible to lessen the need for dilution of the resist concentration and thus satisfactorily reduce the amount of alkanolamine and organic solvent supplied to the adjusting tank.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for treating commercial grade preservatives to remove the off-flavor and/or off-odor from the preservatives. The processes involve preparing a solution by dissolving the preservative in a suitable solvent, such as water or methanol or mixtures thereof. The preservative solution is then passed through a filter to separate and remove organic acid impurities from the preservative. The undesirable tastes and odors, principally caused by the organic acid impurities, are retained in the filter while the preservative passes through the filter. In one embodiment, the filter is a bed of anion exchange resin that reacts with and removes the organic acid impurities. In another embodiment, the filter contains a metal cation that converts the organic acid impurities into insoluble salts which remain in the filter. The solvent can be removed by evaporation after the preservative solution is passed through the filter.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for withdrawing filtered permeate from a substrate contained in a reservoir at ambient pressure. The apparatus includes a plurality of membrane assemblies. Each assembly has a plurality of hollow fiber filtering membranes, immersed in the reservoir, at least one permeating header with the membranes sealingly secured therein, and a permeate collector to collect the permeate sealingly connected to the at least one permeating header and in fluid communication with lumens of the membranes. The membranes of each assembly extend generally vertically upwards from a first header during permeation. One or more sources of suction are provided in fluid communication with the lumens of the membranes of each assembly through the permeate collectors and apply sufficient suction to withdraw permeate from the lumens of the membranes. An aeration system for discharging bubbles assists in keeping the membranes clean.

Abstract: Method and devices for producing aqueous iodine and other halogen solutions for dietary, disinfection, sterilization and preservation purposes and the uses thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for desalinating water, especially sea water, having a plurality of membrane module units disposed at respective successive stages are disclosed. Permeated water from a first stage membrane module unit is supplied to a second stage membrane module unit to obtain permeated water. The apparatus contains at least first and second membrane module units at respective successive first and second stages for water permeation.

Abstract: A hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane is provided. The casting solution used to make this membrane includes a fiber-forming polymer having a degree of polymerization greater than about 1000, a water-soluble polymer, an anhydride with about 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a solvent. The membrane is formed by mixing and heating these components to form a viscous dope and then extruding the dope through an annular orifice to form a hollow fiber MF membrane. The hollow fiber membrane is then fed through a coagulation bath and two leaching baths. The membrane is especially useful for filtering liquids, such as wine and juice, so as to remove bacteria, gel, and solid particles from the liquids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a separating agent for enantiomeric isomers having no large UV absorption as represented by an aromatic group and having high asymmetric recognizability, particularly, high asymmetric recognizability in an aqueous mobile phase, or a separating agent for enantiomeric isomers comprising a polysaccharide alicyclic ester derivative free from aromatic group as an effective component.

Abstract: A chromatographic apparatus includes at least one sample preparation stage with a plurality of individually mounted separation columns, that can have a common pressurizable header at the column input side for parallel sample preparation. The column output side can be releasably connected to a mass spectrometer input operating, for example, with ESI. The sample preparation stage is moveable in at least one direction for sequential processing of the columns by the mass spectrometer. Sample preparation and analysis can be automatically controlled.

Abstract: Waste water is treated to remove contaminants and produce a sludge cake with a high percentage of solids and a treated waste water that can be discharged into a municipal sewer system.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of dewatering sludge comprising adding an effective amount of one or more cellulolytic enzymes and one or more peroxidases to the sludge.

Abstract: A method of dewatering sludge comprising adding an effective amount of one or more cellulolytic enzymes, one or more oxidants and one or more flocculants to the sludge to form a mixture of water and coagulated and flocculated solids and separating the coagulated and flocculated solids from the water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system of water recycling in residential households. A water recycling method includes the steps of collecting water from at least one residential water source and channeling water from at least one residential water source through pipes via gravity to a storage tank. The method includes the steps of filtering and treating the water with a sanitizing agent to remove impurities. The method includes the step of delivering water to the soil and subsoil of the landscape. A water recycling system includes at least one residential water source and a storage tank to collect recycled water from at least one household water source. The pipes are adapted to channel water from at least one residential water source via gravity. A filter and a sanitizing agent can be included to remove impurities. A water delivery device is included to deliver water to the aquifer, soil and subsoil of the landscape.

Abstract: A method of making a solid water treatment product with an optimal rate of dissolution is described and claimed. A fluorescent tracer is used to determine the rate of dissolution of the solid water treatment product and the composition and method of manufacturing the solid water treatment product are adjusted as needed to make the rate of dissolution optimal. The solid water treatment product can be used in many industrial water treatment systems. When the solid water treatment product is used, the amount of solid water treatment product present in the water of the industrial water system can be determined, and adjusted, by using a fluorometer to measure the fluorescent signal of the fluorescent tracer present in the product and relating that measurement to the amount of product in the water itself.

Abstract: A method of phosphorous reduction in stormwater runoff using iron humate, such as in the form of a filter, a layered filter bed, a stacked wall or a liner. The stormwater (fluid) runoff is sent to a fluid retention area such as a retention pond, wetland reservoir or the like where the runoff is filtered through iron humate. While the runoff is filtered, the iron humate absorbs or chemically retains the phosphorous in the runoff to produce filtered runoff with a reduced level of phosphorous. In an alternate embodiment, the runoff can be pumped from a retention pond into a iron humate filter where the runoff is filtered. In another alternate embodiment, the iron humate filter may be placed in a trench below ground to intercept and filter groundwater flows.

Abstract: Methods for decontaminating fluids such as blood products, particularly platelets or red blood cells, are provided. The methods include mixing substantially non-toxic amounts of an endogenous photosensitizer such as riboflavin, or an endogenously-based derivative photosensitizer, with the fluid, increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the fluid to an amount sufficient to enhance a reaction of the photosensitizer in which singlet oxygen is formed and reduce competing reactions; and exposing the fluid to visible light photoradiation to activate the photosensitizer and substantially inactivate the pathogens. Blood products produced by the method, and systems for carrying out the method are also provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a precoat or body feed composition comprising a microbiological interception enhanced filter aid. Preferably, the microbiological interception enhanced filter aid comprises fibrillated lyocell nanofibers having coated on at least a portion of a surface thereof, a microbiological interception enhancing agent. The microbiological interception enhanced agent comprises a cationic material in combination with a biologically active metal. At least about 4 log reduction in bacterial interception is achieved with the microbiological interception enhanced filter aid alone or in combination with a bulk, untreated filter aid. A precoat composition including the microbiological interception enhanced filter aid can be used for one-step cold sterilization of beverages.

Abstract: A display assembly for supporting an object includes three loops, each loop formed from an elongated flexible element. Each loop is formed so as to define an apex. The apices of the three loops define a plane. The three loops are non-linear and are in secured relation to one another by a retaining member. The loops form a petal like support.

Abstract: A combination of a bicycle and a display rack therefor, the bicycle has a frame and a plurality of wheels on the frame. The rack having a frame, a mount portion of the frame arranged to be coupled to a ceiling of a building, a linkage having a hanger such that the bicycle can be coupled to the hanger and wherein the linkage is moveable between a first raised position for display and a second lowered position for providing access to the hanger and a cylinder and piston within the mounting portion for retracting the linkage from the second position to the first position.

Abstract: An adjustable rackmount assembly is disclosed, including a first support member having a plurality of first longitudinal slots, a second support member having a plurality of second longitudinal slots, a longitudinally-extending tab arranged in each of the second longitudinal slots, and a key for engaging one of the tabs and securing the first support member adjacent to the second support member.

Abstract: A device for displaying merchandise on a store shelf provides for arranging articles in rows with a pusher device for pushing the remaining articles forward on the shelf as each article is removed. A coiled spring operates to drive the pusher device for each row, the spring extending along a side rail having a hollow center in which the spring rides, the rail thus acting as a shield for the spring and preventing hand contact therewith which might cause injury.

Abstract: A wrench rack including a board and at least one clip formed on the board. The at least one clip includes a first jaw and two second jaws for retaining a wrench handle between the first jaw and the second jaws. The wrench rack may include a handle pivotally connected with the board. The wrench rack may include a cover pivotally connected with the board. The cover may include a hook formed thereon for hooking the board. The first jaw includes a hooking portion formed thereon. In a first aspect, each of the second jaws includes a ridge formed thereon. In a second aspect, each of the second jaws includes a hooking portion formed thereon.

Abstract: A jig (10) is provided for holding an elongate member (56) to be surface treated. The jig (10) comprises a beam (12) and a plurality of hangers 14 spaced apart along the beam (12). The hangers (14) have supports (90) with retaining springs (96) thereon which are arranged to support and grip the elongate member (56). The beam (12) has hook-like members (18) for engagement with a lifting bar (30) of a crane (28). The crane (28) is used to transport the jig (10) to an anodising station (60) and subsequently to transport the jig (10) still with the anodised elongate member (56) thereon to a painting station. In that way, an elongate member to be surface treated can be manually placed on the respective supports (90) and held in place by the retaining springs (96) without having to use other forms of clamps.

Abstract: The production of a protein free synthetic polyisoprene which has both low levels of chemical impurities and good physical properties has yet to be realized. It has now been envisioned that the use of neodymium catalyzed polyisoprene will offer the combined advantages of both a clean, as well as, high cis-1,4 polymer. Synthesis of polyisoprene rubber using a neodymium based catalyst system is described. Characterization of the material shows the absence of an ultra high molecular weight fraction and the presence of very high cis-1,4-microstructure. Gum stock and black filled compound studies comparing neodymium polyisoprene with natural rubber, titanium polyisoprene, and lithium polyisoprene have been performed. Results indicate that polyisoprene rubber synthesized using a neodymium catalyst. system (Nd—PI) has similar stress-strain and tear properties as synthetic titanium polyisoprene.

Abstract: A letter or number shaped bottle (10) that is filled with a potable fluid (80) such as a natural-spring drinking water or a fruit juice. The letter bottles are constructed of hollow letter shaped structures (12) that range from A to Z, and the number bottles are constructed of hollow number shaped structures (14) that range from 1 to 0, The hollow structures (12, 14) each include an upper bottle opening (36) having integrally attached a tubular neck (38) to which is releasably attached a bottle cap (50) which when removed, the fluid (80) in the bottle can be consumed. Before or after the fluid is consumed the letter bottles can be used as a teaching aid to teach individuals, and particularly school-age children, the alphabet. Likewise, the number bottles can be used to teach correct number sequencing. The invention also includes a tray (70) that allows a set of letter (12), number (14), and/or punctuation mark (15) bottles to be stored or displayed in selected arrangements.

Abstract: A sealable container in the present invention has a container body and a cover closed on the container body and provided with a push button and a suction hole. The cover is combined with a release assembly and an outer cap therein. The release assembly includes a housing, a membrane piece, a covering piece and a follower. A combination of aforementioned components enables the sealable container of the present invention to be effectively proofed against moisture and mildew after the air in the container body is drawn to be a vacuumed state. When the cover is to be opened for taking out the food stored in the container body, it is only necessary to press the push button of the cover to release the vacuumed state in the container body, which is very convenient to open the cover.

Abstract: A composite closure includes a band and an insert disk. A contact surface urges downwardly against the disk even while the band moves longitudinally relative to the disk or container. The closure has a fully tightened position in which the band's ring contacts the disk's annular channel, a loose position in which the ring is spaced apart from the annular channel, and an intermediate tightened position in which the ring is spaced apart from the disk and in which the contact surface urges against the curl. A retaining feature, which presses upwardly against the disk during the opening process, defines a gap in which the disk curl is disposed.

Abstract: An improved stopper featuring an o-ring. The o-ring is sandwiched between two cylindrical bodies. The surfaces that contact the o-ring are chamfered. The lower cylindrical body has a boss that extends through the center of the o-ring. The cylindrical bodies are rigidly connected by a connecting link that travels through the center of the upper body and is rigidly attached to the lower body. A portion of the connecting link has external threads that mate with an internally threaded hole that extends through the center of the upper cylindrical body. By rotating a handle attached to the connecting link, the chamfered surfaces compress the o-ring, forcing it to expand outward and increase in diameter. Once inside a bottle, the handle is rotated, the o-ring expands and presses against the inner wall of the bottle and the bottle is sealed.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of a closure system for a container comprises a sealing member and a stopper. The sealing member comprises a flange, an inner sleeve extending from the flange, and an outer sleeve surrounding the inner sleeve. The outer sleeve extends from the flange and is configured to be inserted into a container. The stopper is configured to be removably inserted into the inner sleeve.

Abstract: An apparatus for precisely steering a beam of light by making use of a hybrid inter optical alignment that occurs when a beam steering mechanism is micro-machined with respect to a crystallographic orientation of a substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for modifying the surface of an object by contacting said surface with a liquid processing solution using the liquid applicator geometry and Marangoni effect (surface tension gradient-driven flow) to define and confine the dimensions of the wetted zone on said object surface. In particular, the method and apparatus involve contouring or figuring the surface of an object using an etchant solution as the wetting fluid and using real-time metrology (e.g. interferometry) to control the placement and dwell time of this wetted zone locally on the surface of said object, thereby removing material from the surface of the object in a controlled manner. One demonstrated manifestation is in the deterministic optical figuring of thin glasses by wet chemical etching using a buffered hydrofluoric acid solution and Marangoni effect.

Abstract: A wide-area nano-size imprinting stamp is disclosed. The wide-area nano-size imprinting stamp includes a substrate having a base surface upon which is formed a plurality of micro-features. Each micro-feature includes a plurality of spacers disposed on opposed side surfaces thereof. The spacers extend laterally outward of the opposed side surfaces and the micro-features and the spacers extend outward of the base surface. The micro-features and the spacers are selectively etched to differing heights to define an imprint stamp having an imprint profile. The imprint stamps can be formed on substantially all of a useable area of the substrate and can have complex shapes that vary among the imprint stamps. The imprint stamps can be used as a template for transferring the imprint profile to a mask layer in which the imprint profile will be replicated.

Abstract: A monolithic inkjet printhead is formed using single-side fabrication processes. Printing elements and feed channels are formed by processes working from a top of the die. During formation of the printing elements filler material is applied to the feed channel. Such material is later removed by an anisotropic etch. Such etchant works from the top surface and a side edge of the substrate. The single-side fabrication process is distinguished from fabrication processes that work from a bottom of a die to form the feed channel and fill channels and work from a top of the die to form printing elements.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor memory device, particularly a mask ROM. A sacrificial oxide layer is formed on a silicon substrate and then a photoresist layer is formed on the sacrificial oxide layer. The photoresist layer is patterned to form a plurality of openings where bit lines are to extend respectively. Taking the patterned photoresist layer as a mask, arsenic ions are implanted into the silicon substrate through the openings and then boron ions are implanted into the silicon substrate through the openings. The implantation depth of boron ions are deeper than arsenic ions. The photoresist layer and the sacrificial oxide layer are removed after implantation. A gate oxide and a field oxide are grown simultaneously on the non-implanted and the implanted regions of the semiconductor layers respectively and a gate conductive layer is deposited on the silicon substrate.

Abstract: The described embodiments relate to methods and systems for forming slots in a substrate. In one exemplary embodiment, a slot is formed in a substrate that has first and second opposing surfaces. A first trench is dry etched through the first surface of the substrate. A second trench is created through the second surface of the substrate effective to form, in combination with the first trench, a slot. At least a portion of the slot passes entirely through the substrate, and the maximum width of the slot is less than or equal to about 50 of the thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming an opening through a substrate includes etching into the substrate from a first side so as to form a first portion of the opening, etching into the substrate from a second side opposite the first side so as to form a second portion of the opening, continuing etching into the substrate from at least one of the first side and the second side toward the other of the first side and the second side so as to communicate the first portion and the second portion of the opening, and etching into the substrate from an interface between the first portion and the second portion of the opening, including etching toward the second side of the substrate and forming a third portion of the opening.

Abstract: A gas-insulated switch gear has a plurality of bay units having bus ducts each containing a three-phase bus and connected by bellows expansion joints. When the bay unit needs to be inspected for maintenance, the bellows expansion joints are compressed, and only the bay unit can be pulled out of the gas-insulated switchgear.

Abstract: On both sides of a metal switching chamber, the novel vacuum switch tubes are respectively provided with two ceramic insulators (63, 64; 65, 66) which have the same diameter (D2). Axially interspaced (Al) cylindrical vapor shields (70, 73; 71, 74) are fixed to the wing parts of said components. The easy to produce low-volume structure means that is possible to control operating voltages of more than 60 kV.

Abstract: A rail welding device arranged for mobility along a track direction for effectuating the electric resistance welding of two track rails, comprising a control unit, and two halves of the device movable in the track direction, each half of the device being aligned with a respective one of the track rails and comprising a pair of clamping jaws pivotal towards and away from each other in a plane extending transversely to the track direction. Hydraulic cylinders move the two halves of the device in the track direction, and further hydraulic cylinders pivot the clamping jaws of each half away from each other between a set-up position in which the rail heads of the track rails may freely pass between the clamping jaws and a welding position in which the clamping jaws engage the rail webs. A sensing device detects the welding position at the end of the pivoting motion of the clamping jaws and sends control signals required to effectuate the electric resistance welding to the control unit.

Abstract: A fixture for securing a workpiece, comprising: a base; a plurality of locators on the base for accepting the workpiece; a plurality of arms, each secured to the base at a pivot point; and a lever for actuating the arms against the workpiece. The arms positively position the workpiece against the locators. The fixture is part of an electrical discharge machining (EDM) apparatus, which also includes a tank and a holder for supporting an electrode in said tank. The lever actuates towards a front of the tank.

Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma apparatus which is capable of performing etching processing steps in a stable manner and consecutively. Shield plates are provided in a reaction tube in the vicinity of an inner surface thereof. The shield plates prevent a conductive material generated by etching a wafer from sticking to the overall inner surface of the reaction tube. A portion of the inner wall covered by the shield plate, that is, a region where no conductive material is deposited serves as a high-frequency window, through which high-frequency electric power is efficiently fed from a coil antenna into the reaction tube. The conductive materials thus stuck separately from each other exhibit the Faraday shield effect, thereby stabilizing plasma potential.

Abstract: A main arc ignition method capable of extending lives of a plasma electrode and a nozzle. For this purpose, before or immediately after starting arc, a plasma torch is supplied with a plasma gas at least either at a lower flow rate or at lower gas pressure; the plasma gas is switched to a gas flow rate and gas pressure of a time of cutting a work, after pilot arc is ignited between an electrode and a nozzle, or after main arc is ignited between the electrode and the work; and when generation of the main arc between the electrode and the work is detected, a pilot current is interrupted promptly by a semiconductor switch which is interposed in series with a resistance, in a pilot current circuit that is connected to the nozzle and supplies the pilot current to the pilot arc.

Abstract: The laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention is configured to include a laser and at least two mirrors each having a concave surface for unidirectionally homogenizing an energy density of laser light emitted from the laser. A focal position of a first mirror exists between the first mirror and an irradiation surface. A focal position of a second mirror does not exist between the second mirror and the irradiation surface, but exists behind the irradiation surface. The laser irradiation apparatus thus configured enables laser irradiation of, for example, semiconductor films.

Abstract: A laser machining device can be used to direct two independent laser beams onto the same machining field in a single machining process. This can be achieved by using an at least partially reflective optical element, configured such that the first laser beam is essentially transmitted and the second laser beam is essentially reflected. The beam paths of the two laser beams are varied independently of each other by two deflection units before they strike the at least partially reflective optical element. This results in a large number of advantageous possibilities for the precise and continuous machining of materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heated underside apparatus which removes snow/icy mass buildup from motor vehicles. The invention comprises panel sections located along the lateral peripheral sides of an automobile as well as along the front and back periphery, along the bumpers. The panel sections are comprised of a heating element embedded in a thermally conductive material which radiates thermal energy. The heated underside apparatus is adapted such that it is powered by the power source of the vehicle, i.e., the battery, or an auxiliary power supply operatively connected to the vehicle. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a feedback system which operates by real time monitoring of temperature and moisture levels to thereby maintain threshold levels above freezing point until the snow/icy mass buildup is removed.

Abstract: A lightwave oven includes a lightwave heating device having at least one radiant lamp and at least one reflector having a reflective surface whose geometric shape is formed by a generatrix. Improved thorough cooking and browning of food in the oven is achieved by using a common radiant lamp both for browning and for cooking, its reflector having a reflective surface produced from a generatrix having a curve lying between an elliptical and a parabolic curve, whose vertices lie at a common first point and whose focal points lie at a common second point.