Abstract: As the usage of computers increase in our daily lives, the hazards of keyboard and mouse usage also have increased proportionately. This new keyboard design is an effort to reduce the damage caused to the hand. The main feature of this design is the integration of keyboard and mouse into a single board in a very user-friendly way leaving the current functionality completely intact. Also, an alternative to mouse clicks has been provided via the usage of keys. Elimination of a peripheral device may be cost effective as well.

Abstract: THE SHIFTLESS DOUBLE STROKE KEYBOURD AND WORD PROCESSOR FOR COMPUTERS will type a lower case letter when a keyboard key it is struck once and it will type a capital letter if that key is struck twice. When two lower case letters are desired as in the word better, the key is held down slightly longer to cause a repeat of that letter. The same double stroke technique is used to type the number keys. One stroke types a number and holding the key down slightly longer gives repeats of that number. The same double stroke technique is used to type the symbols on the lower and upper part of the symbol keys; the typist strikes the key once for the lower symbol and strikes that key a second time to get the upper symbol.

Abstract: Data destined for a client is compressed at a server in a manner that produces a compressed data string that can be searched in its compressed state. The server constructs a code table that assigns codes from a standard code set (e.g., ASCII code set) that are normally unused to selected character pairs in the data string (e.g., the most frequently occurring character pairs). During compression, the selected character pairs are replaced with the corresponding codes. Identifiers are inserted into the compressed data string to separate substrings. To search the compressed data string at the client, a search query is compressed and compared to the compressed substrings. The substring identifiers are used to quickly locate each successive compressed substring. When a match is found, the matching substring is decompressed by replacing the code in the compressed substring with the corresponding character pair in the code table.

Abstract: Even when an address, which is output from a processor to a memory via an address bus, is scrambled, the address that the processor accesses immediately after reset can be obtained by monitoring the bus, and so there was a possibility that a scrambling key used for scrambling could be deciphered relatively easily. In this invention, a non-encoded area is set in which addresses are not encoded, in an address space. An encoding unit encodes the input address based on the input address and set non-encoded area. For example, addresses that can be obtained easily by monitoring the bus are placed in this non-encoded area. By doing this, security is improved.

Abstract: A wireless communication encoding and decoding technique using variable length codes is disclosed. The coding technique defines the transmission time for a high bit in a continuous bit stream as (N×T) expressed in terms of time unit (T), and a low bit as (M×T). By assigning different transmission times to represent high and low bits in continuous bit streams, the total data transmission time can be reduced considerably in handling large amounts of digital data as compared with conventional coding techniques. Other advantages using this coding technique include power saving by the data communication device, which may be a battery-powered peripheral device or mobile unit, and more reliable signal synchronization at both ends of the communication link.

Abstract: This invention relates to a digital modulation method and apparatus used for recording an audio or video signal, computer data, and etc on a recording medium such as an optical or magneto-optical disc. Data words of m bits are translated into code words of n bits in accordance with a conversion table. The code words satisfy a (d, k) constraint in which at least d “0”s and not more than k “0”s occur between consecutive “1”s. The n-bit code words alternate with p-bit merging words which are selected such that between the leading “1” in the code word following the merging word and the trailing “1” in the merging word are at least d “0”s, and further that between the trailing “1” in the code word preceding the merging word and the leading “1” in the merging word are at least d “0”s.

Abstract: An unusual waveform detection circuit of the present invention is a digital-type unusual waveform detection circuit that arbitrarily sets a threshold used for determining an unusual waveform and produces an unusual waveform determination signal by comparing an input signal with the threshold. In producing the unusual waveform determination signal, one of a configuration where a voltage at each of all sampling points is compared with a reference voltage and a configuration where a continuously changing gradient of signal waveform peaks is calculated and is compared with a reference gradient is selectively employed. The unusual waveform detection circuit can easily and accurately detect various unusual waveforms.

Abstract: A first D/A converter generates first and second reference voltages from digital data of upper m bit by using base reference voltages of these reference voltages. A controller outputs a control signal according to which of voltage levels of the first and second reference voltages is higher. An inversion controller outputs digital data of lower n bit as such to a second stage R-2R ladder resistor type D/A converter when judging that the first reference voltage is higher in voltage level than the second reference voltage, and outputs the digital data of the lower n bit to the second stage R-2R ladder resistor type D/A converter by inverting the digital data of the lower n bit when judging that the first reference voltage is lower in voltage level than the second reference voltage.

Abstract: a plurality of amplifying circuits having generally uniform amplifying and impedance characteristics,

Abstract: A system and method for efficient phase error correction in range migration algorithm (RMA) for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems implemented by making proper shifts for each position dependent phase history so that phase correction can readily be performed using the aligned phase history data during batch processing. In its simplest form, the invention (44) is comprised of two main parts. First (60), alignment of the phase error profile is achieved by proper phase adjustment in the spatial (or image) domain using a quadratic phase function. Second (62), the common phase error can be corrected using autofocus algorithms. Two alternative embodiments of the invention are described. The first embodiment (44a) adds padded zeros to the range compressed data in order to avoid the wrap around effect introduced by the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). This embodiment requires a third step (64): the target dependent signal support needs to be shifted back to the initial position after phase correction.

Abstract: The relative movement of a receiver and transmitter in a communications system is used to advantage by electronically synthesizing a larger apparent antenna aperture, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The approach may be used regardless of whether the transmitter is fixed and the user or vehicle is moving, or the user or vehicle is fixed and the transmitter is moving. According to the method, the apparent angle between the receiver and transmitter is determined relative to the direction of movement and used to produce time-delayed replicas of the received signaling stream which are coherently added to synthesize the increased apparent receiver antenna aperture. Since only the receiver is modified according to the invention, existing transmitters and infrastructures can be used without modification. Significant cost potentials can be realized via economy of scale, due to relatively simple FFT processing.

Abstract: An algorithm for improved tracking of Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System transponders is disclosed. The algorithm can be combined with a system that includes an interrogator which transmits an interrogation signal to an associated vehicle transponder at a first frequency, preferably 1030 MHZ in accordance with FAA regulations, and a receiver array which receives the transponder reply signal transmitted by the transponder at a second frequency, preferably 1090 MHZ in accordance with FAA regulations. An angle of arrival processor calculates an angle of the received reply signal, and a position processor calculates the vehicle position based on at least the received angle data.

Abstract: A system for testing a vehicle antenna is provided including a testing transponder and a monitoring unit. The testing transponder is positioned such that it lies within the electromagnetic field of a vehicle antenna and, while in the electromagnetic field, the testing transponder intermittently transmits signals conveying data to the vehicle antenna. The monitoring unit is in an operative relationship with the antenna and is suitable to receive data indicative of the signals conveying data detected by the vehicle antenna. The monitoring unit detects an error condition associated with the vehicle antenna when the time since the last signal conveying data detected by the antenna exceeds a certain threshold time period.

Abstract: A device for data transmission in a motor vehicle and/or from a motor vehicle in its vicinity has a first transceiver unit (1) in or on the motor vehicle and a second transceiver unit (2) which is provided in at least one transponder unit whose spatial position relative to the vehicle may be variable or any desired position; it is characterized in that the first transceiver unit (1) is a radar unit equipped for distance measurement, expanded by adding a two-channel data transmission system; the second transceiver unit (2) is also a two-channel data transmission unit, and the microwave frequencies (f1, f2) for two-channel communication of the data transmission system are selected so that their difference |f1-f2| yields an intermediate frequency (fIF) which is processable using conventional components in a heterodyne receiver in the reception part of each of the first and second transceiver units (1, 2).

Abstract: A system for defeating a threat posed by a guided missile. The system includes a broad band light source with a beam width of less than 4°, a DIRCM control system, a missile warning system, and a missile tracking system. The DIRCM control system is configured to aim a beam produced by the light source. The missile warning system is configured to supply the DIRCM control system with a first trajectory of the missile. The missile tracking system is configured to supply the DIRCM control system with a second trajectory of the missile, which is more accurate than the first trajectory.

Abstract: The present invention is a radar system for detecting the presence of obstacles. The radar system includes at least one transmitting antenna and at least one receiving antenna. The transmitting antenna receives an input signal and transmits an electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave reflects off an obstacle back to the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna captures the reflected electromagnetic wave and produces an output signal. The output signal is then combined with the input signal in a quadrature mixer. The resulting in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals may be further processed and then transmitted to a processing system. The processing system uses a suitable algorithm, e.g., a back projection algorithm, to estimate the type and location of obstacles that reflected the electromagnetic wave. In an exemplary embodiment, the algorithm is adapted to discriminate between different sizes and locations of obstacles in order to determine if there is a hazard.

Abstract: A method that can locate the center of a target even when the target is a large vehicle, and that, when a plurality of beams are reflected, determines whether the reflected beams are from the same target or not, wherein, of peaks generated based on a radar signal reflected from the target, peaks whose frequencies are substantially the same and whose reception levels are not smaller than a predetermined value are selected and, when a plurality of such peaks are selected, a center angle between the angles of the leftmost and rightmost peaks is obtained, and the thus obtained center angle is taken as an angle representing the target. Further, the plurality of peaks are paired up to detect a distance, relative velocity, and displacement length for each of reflecting points on the target, and when the differences in these values are all within respectively predetermined values, the plurality of peaks are determined as being peaks representing the same target.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method of measuring the speed at which a variational gravitational field propagates. The gravitational field relates to a planet, and the planet has object of sufficient mass to change the gravitational field.

Abstract: A distance and speed measuring method and a radar signal processing apparatus using the method are provided which are capable of obtaining highly reliable measurement results while reducing the number of false targets and undetectable targets, by obtaining the relative distance and the relative speed of each target based on the frequencies of a beat signal of up (or down) phase alone through the use of information in a time series direction of the frequencies of the beat signal of up (or down) phase.

Abstract: A radar apparatus in which a VCO sequentially outputs while switching a signal of a first frequency f1 and a signal of a second frequency f2 at a predetermined timing, a transmitting antenna radiates the signal, a receiving antenna receives a reflected wave obtained from the radiated signal being reflected off a measuring object, a beat signal as a difference in frequency between the signal that is currently being radiated by the transmitting antenna and the received reflected wave is detected at a mixer and a bandpass filter, and the distance to the measuring object is measured from the beat signal.

Abstract: A surface wave radar system including a receive antenna array (20, 22) for generating receive signals, and a data processing system (24) for processing received data representing the receive signals to mitigate ionospheric clutter. The received data is range and Doppler processed, and a spatial adaptive filter (52) is trained using training data selected from the processed data. The training data includes ionospheric clutter data and excludes cells which contain target data and substantial sea clutter. The processed data is filtered using the filter (52), which may be based on loaded sample matrix inversion. The antenna array (20,22) may be two-dimensional having an L or T shape.

Abstract: An array antenna calibration apparatus simple in configuration and inexpensive while ensuring an accurate calibration of an array antenna is provided.

Abstract: A microwave transmitter circuit including a divider series feed signal line, a collector series feed signal line, a plurality of parallel solid state amplifier coupler circuits connected between divider series feed line and the collector series feed line, and phase shifting circuitry distributed along the collector series feed line for compensating phase tracking error between the divider series feed line and the collector series feed line.

Abstract: A dual-band multiple beam antenna system for a communications satellite sharing a set of reflector antennas for the transmit and receive frequencies. One set of reflectors is common to both the downlink and uplink frequencies. The feed horns are diplexed and exhibit frequency-dependent radiation patterns that separate the phase centers over the downlink and uplink frequency bands to obtain dual-band performance. The focal point of the reflector is in close proximity to the phase center corresponding to the downlink frequency band. The phase center for the uplink frequency band is spaced a predetermined distance from the phase center of the downlink frequency band. According to the present invention, the uplink frequencies are defocused and the downlink frequencies are focused thereby creating identical radiation patterns at both frequency bands and over the coverage region of the communications satellite.

Abstract: Techniques for maintaining beam pointing for an Electronically Scanned Antenna (ESA) as its frequency is varied over a wide frequency bandwidth. A technique uses discrete phase shifters, a number of stored states, and a control methodology for rapidly switching among the states.

Abstract: A system to locate an output device includes a wireless device including a configuration to display output device information used to locate the output device selected for a printing operation, where the wireless device includes a configuration to receive and store the output device information. The system also includes a storage device configured to store the output device information and to send the output device information to the wireless device. A method for locating an output device includes receiving output device information used to locate the output device selected for a printing operation from a storage device, using a wireless device. In addition, the method includes displaying the output device information for the output device selected for the printing operation on the wireless device.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable media for determining the position of a user terminal comprises generating a correlation reference signal based on known characteristics of a chirp-type signal present in a broadcast analog television signal; receiving, at the user terminal, a broadcast analog television signal comprising the chirp-type signal; and correlating the broadcast analog television signal with the correlation reference signal, thereby producing a pseudorange; and wherein the location of the user terminal is determined based on the pseudorange and a location of the transmitter of the broadcast analog television signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides for inexpensive transparent microwave antennas with high efficiency. Conductors for the antennas are formed from metallic meshes with a net transparency greater than 70% and supported by a clear substrate. The associated antenna gain efficiencies are greater than 50%.

Abstract: An antenna (1) is described with a dielectric or permeable substrate (10) and at least one resonant conductor track structure (20) which is provided in particular for use in the high-frequency and microwave ranges and which is characterized in that the substrate (10) comprises at least one cavity (30). The cavity is preferably provided in a main surface of the substrate such that the latter has substantially the shape of a U-profile. This cavity not only enhances the radiation efficiency, but it also considerably reduces the total weight of the antenna. Further advantages of the antenna are that it offers a high degree of miniaturization as well as the possibility of surface mounting (SMD) on, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB).

Abstract: An antenna device having two substantial planar and conductive elements where the first element is acting as the radiator of the antenna, and the second element is acting as the ground plane for the radiator of the antenna. The two conductive elements are mounted substantially in parallel by a non-conductive housing, and the radiator of the antenna is facing towards the ground plane of the antenna with the cavity in between the first and second conductive elements being filled with air.

Abstract: An antenna system and method for a plurality of plasma antennas driven by means of an optical driver. In one embodiment the driver comprises one or more lasers which may be modulated by one or more electro-optical modulators to produce a modulated laser signal. The modulated laser signal may be supplied to the plasma antenna by optical fibers whereby the photons from the modulated signal impart momentum to the plasma particles. The plasma particles, which may include unbound electrons, oscillate in accord with the modulated laser signal to radiate electromagnetic energy. In one embodiment, the plasma antenna is operated at a frequency near the resonant frequency of the plasma to form a more efficient radiator requiring a smaller size than to a metallic antenna. In another embodiment a plurality of closely spaced plasma antennas are operated with different plasma resonant frequencies such that one plasma antenna is electrically invisible with respect to another plasma antenna.

Abstract: A radio antenna comprising a tuning component, such as a transmission line, coupled to the radiating element for providing a frequency shift from the resonant frequency, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the frequency shift by effectively changing the length of the transmission line. The adjustment mechanism comprises one or more extension lines, and a switching mechanism, which can be closed to couple one or more of the extension lines to the transmission line. The tuning component can also be one or more lumped reactive elements.

Abstract: A method of measuring a pattern of electromagnetic radiation. A plurality of scattered electromagnetic radiation samples are sensed from a transmitted signal formed from electromagnetic radiation. Thereafter, an antenna pattern from the scattered electromagnetic radiation samples is developed. Each scattered sample includes two-dimensional information corresponding with the power detected at a specific coordinate. The scattered samples may be arranged in a matrix, enabling a three-dimensional beamshape of the antenna pattern-to be formulated.

Abstract: An aircraft phased array antenna system has transmit and receive antenna structures externally mounted on the aircraft fuselage. Each antenna comprises a plurality of phased array elements and antenna power and support equipment. Aerodynamically shaping antenna structure to enclose an antenna element grid provides additional antenna structure volume, which is efficiently utilized by locating antenna support equipment within the antenna structure. To control signal attenuation a receive antenna internal converter converts receive frequency signals to L-band frequency signals for aircraft use, and a similar transmit antenna converter converts L-band frequency signals to transmit frequency signals, thus unconstraining antenna to internal aircraft equipment spacing. To reduce power loss and cabling weight, antenna operating power is first generated in the 28 to 270 volts DC range within the aircraft, and locally converted in each antenna to the 3 to 6 volt DC power to operate each antenna's phased array elements.

Abstract: A support for a focusing component (1) is described, in which the component is attached via fasteners to an object and carries elements (2, 3, 4) which may be focused in a preset signal axis. A support plate (5), which has flexible clips (6, 7) via which the mechanical contact between the component (1) and the object is produced, and which produces the mechanical contact between the component (1) and the object and therefore allows high tolerance compensation of the component (1) during operation, is mounted between the component (1) and the object to which it is attachable.

Abstract: An antenna system includes an array of notch radiators, arranged in aligned rows on longitudinal axes to define a series of troughs between adjacent notch radiator rows within an aperture area, each notch radiator including a tip region. A plurality of surface/traveling wave suppressors fabricated of microwave energy absorbing material is disposed in the troughs, so that a longest suppressor dimension is transverse or nearly transverse to the array face and so that a suppressor surface is transverse or nearly transverse to the longitudinal axes.

Abstract: The present invention provides antenna feed assemblies that allow the common waveguide portion of an antenna feed assembly to be rotated independent of a fixed communication waveguide. When rotated, the ports of the common waveguide are altered in terms of polarization with respect to signals propagating in the common waveguide, while the predetermined polarization between the ports remains the same. A rotatable coupling between the common waveguide and the fixed communication waveguide allows for communication of signals between the two waveguides, even though their ports are rotated with respect to each other. As such, the polarization of the waveguides associated with the antenna may be reconfigured, even though one of the waveguides remains at a fixed position.

Abstract: A parallel plate septum polarizer used in low profile, dual polarized, antenna applications such as satellite communications from a moving vehicle. The polarizer allows a wide waveguide to be fed from two thinner waveguides. Each thin waveguide operates with one propagating mode. These modes have the same field structure, wave velocity and wave impedance. Three waveguide modes can propagate in the wide guide. Two modes are desirable and are used to transmit or receive dual polarized signals. They have different field structures, wave velocities and impedances. The polarizer allows each mode in the thin guides to couple to both the desired modes in the wide guide. At the same time there is very little coupling with each other and with the undesired third mode in the wide guide. There is also very little reflection of the incident modes from the polarizer junction.

Abstract: An antenna exhibiting improved radio frequency transmission and reception capabilities. The antenna does not make use of a solid support tube or solid support rods used by previous antennas to support a sub-reflector or other device above a main reflector of the antenna. Instead, the antenna employs the use of a low dielectric constant, perforated, support tube to support the sub-reflector, patch antenna, or other form of antenna element above the main reflector. The perforated support tube permits radio frequency signals to pass through the tube, thus decreasing signal degradation experienced due to reflection of the signal off the solid support tube or off the solid support rods.

Abstract: In a satellite receiver a feeder element is provided that includes several feeder horns on a micro head for distributing satellite signals from different satellites to different channels in the different horns and means for blocking all channels, except for the one that is presently desired to be used, before the signals sent on these channels reach the micro head.

Abstract: A spring-loaded device is installed into a node housing at a predetermined location. The predetermined location is selected to correspond to another predetermined location into which a stinger may be installed. These predetermined locations on the node housing are selected to further correspond to a predetermined internal location of an RF interface connector. A conducting pin of the RF interface extends through a dielectric between a nail head shaped end, which provides electrical connection with the stinger projection, and an end soldered to a PCB of the amplifier. The amplifier may be installed and the node housing closed before the stinger and spring-loaded device are installed into the housing. This facilitates installation of the stinger into the housing without having to open the housing and remove the amplifier. External threads on the spring-loaded device facilitate installation thereof, but a unique torque is not required therefor.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes a body, a lens apparatus extending from the body, and an antenna formed as part of the lens apparatus. The lens apparatus may be fixed with respect to the body, or may retract at least partially into the body.

Abstract: The specification discloses a system for mounting a communications antenna and a solar panel on an explosion-proof housing that does not require the use of conduit ports of the explosion-proof housing. More particularly, a mast couples to the housing by way of a prescribed number of threads, the mast having a circular cross-section and an internal cavity extending along its axis. Wires extending from inside the explosion-proof housing through the mast couple to the radio antenna and the solar panel. The void within the internal diameter of the mast not occupied by the wires for the radio and solar panel is filled with a sealing compound rated for explosive environments.

Abstract: The invention concerns a telecommunications mast installation (10), typically a base station in a cellular telephone network, which includes a mast (14) supporting a telecommunications antenna (16). A foundation structure (12) supports the mast. The foundation structure is in the form of an enclosed chamber (24) situated at least partially underground and defining an internal space which is accessible to personnel and which accommodates electronic equipment associated with operation of the antenna. For aesthetic and security reasons, it is preferred that the chamber (24) be competely underground.

Abstract: A phased array antenna may include a substrate and a plurality of spaced apart phased array antenna elements carried by the substrate and arranged along an imaginary Archimedean spiral. More particularly, the imaginary Archimedean spiral may include a plurality of levels, and a spacing between adjacent pairs of phased array antenna elements along the imaginary Archimedean spiral may be substantially equal to a radial spacing between adjacent levels.

Abstract: A frequency selective surface includes a pattern of electromagnetic material formed on a substrate suspendable over a ground plane for reflecting or transmitting electromagnetic waves at one or more particular frequencies. The frequency selective surface may include one or more meandering line inductors and/or one or more interdigitated capacitors formed within the pattern of electromagnetic materials for adjusting the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted. The frequency selective surface may also or instead include one or more inductors and/or one or more capacitors arranged in series within the pattern of electromagnetic materials to adjust the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted. In addition, the pattern of electromagnetic materials may be formed within the substrate in such a manner that the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted are tunable.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a system and method for managing context information in a graphics system having multiple displays configured as a single logical screen (SLS). In accordance with one embodiment a system is provided comprising a single device driver coupled to directly communicate with display hardware of at least two displays, a graphics API (application program interface) for communicating graphics information to the single device driver, a memory configured to store context information, the memory in communication with the single device driver, and a mechanism configured to direct context data from the memory to the display hardware of one of the displays.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and device that allows a viewer to generate and overlay graphical data onto video images displayed on local and remote devices via a network such as the Internet. The method comprises inputting at least one instruction corresponding to a graphic into an input device; storing the at least one instruction in the input device; transmitting data corresponding to the instruction from the input device to a remote server operatively connected to at least one remote display interface, and selectively transmitting the instruction from the remote server to the at least one interface wherein the at least one interface overlays the graphic onto video displayed on a display device.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a message on the graphic display of a wireless device while the wireless device is connecting to an application download server across a wireless network. When the wireless device attempts to communicate with an application download server or changes files while navigating an application download server, a message is transmitted across the wireless network to the computer platform of the wireless device and displayed to the user of the wireless device. The message can be transmitted to the wireless device from the same application download server that the wireless device is attempting to connect to or navigate, or alternately, the message can be transmitted from another server on the wireless network.

Abstract: A display device has a fiber optic projector for the luminous display of graphical representations. The projector has a fiber optic component with a projector input connected via optical conductors to a projector output. The projector input receives an input image that is transmitted to the projector output through optical conductors, for display as an output image with a display unit. Instead of sorting the optical conductor ends and combining them in a corresponding arrangement with identical assignment at the input and output sides, they are rather arbitrarily positioned such that the ends are irregular at the input as compared to the output. That is, the projector input and projector output are formed by combined optical conductor ends situated respectively opposite one another, that the optical conductor ends on the input and/or output sides are assigned to one another irregularly.