Abstract: In the context of managing wireless network data, access information for a wireless local area network (WLAN) is identified. The access information is accessible over a wireless packet data connection. Based on the access information, a connection is established between a wireless data device and the WLAN.

Abstract: The transmission of unnecessary assignment and validation information to mobile terminals in wireless IP networks is automatically blocked. Assignment and validation information originating with a mobile terminal is discarded by a base station if the information is not directly received by the base station from a mobile terminal. Assignment and validation information originating with an IP address server is broadcast only to those mobile terminals awaiting assignment or validation information using a local broadcast IP address. The validation and assignment is automatically begun once a mobile terminal enters a new subnet by resetting the mobile terminal's IP address to the broadcast address for assignment and validation requests and then broadcasting validation and, if necessary, assignment requests to the wireless IP network.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for applying a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) network in general packet radio service (GPRS). The MPLS network is established by multiple differentiated service (DS) domains. Each DS domain is constructed by multiple label switching routers (LSRs) and label edge routers (LERs). The LER provides at least a service GPRS supporting node (SGSN) connected to a wireless network base station, and a gate GPRS supporting node (GGSN) connected to a packet switching network. At a signalling plane, IP addresses of all SGSNs and GGSNs are utilized to establish all one-to-one pre-created label switching paths (LSPs) in the MPLS network of the GPRS backbone network. At a transmission plane, the pre-created LSP and LSP tunneling transmit packets between SGSN and GGSN.

Abstract: The method and apparatus updates a binary number that will be used in cellular telephone system authentication procedures by applying a first algorithm to a plurality of most significant bits of a first binary number to obtain a second binary number; operates on a plurality of least significant bits of the first binary number with a second algorithm to obtain a third binary number, and applies a block cipher to the concatenation of the second and third numbers to obtain the updated binary number. When the most significant bits of the updated binary number comprise an all-zeroes number they are replaced with the most significant bits of the concatenation of the second and third numbers.

Abstract: A novel protocol for an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer radio network that provides collision-free channel access with an emphasis on improving geographic reuse of the frequency spectrum. The protocol of the invention is executed on the reservation or control channel, and provides a method for allocating data transactions on the data channels. The system of the invention utilizes multiple parallel data channels that are coordinated by a single reservation channel. The transceiver of the system employs two modems to solve the channel reliability issues with multiple channel designs, where one is dedicated as a receive-only modem for gathering channel usage information on the reservation channel. High quality voice, video and data may be transmitted. The reservation channel implements a time division multiple access algorithm with dynamic slot allocation. In a distributed manner, nodes determine geographic reuse of slots based on channel quality extracted from the modem.

Abstract: A system and method for wireless communication between a plurality of subscriber units and a base station, the base station communicating information signals from an originating source to a destination subscriber unit over a channel at an assigned one of a plurality of frequencies using repetitive time frames, each said time frame comprising a sequence of time slots. The channel is defined as having the same one or more time slots from the sequence of time slots in one or more of the time frames. The base station includes a central processing unit capable of assigning a duration of time for the information signals being sent to the destination subscriber unit. The duration equals the duration of one or more time slots in the same frame. The central processing unit maintains a memory of which time slots of each time frame have been assigned and provides the time slot assignment, and therefore channel assignment, by consulting said memory.

Abstract: Method and system for discrete soft handoff of mobile terminals in a wireless CDMA network. Mobile terminal-base station channels perform soft handoff in a discrete fashion by predicting which reserved channels will be “strong” and “weak” for CDMA data frame transmission. At least one of the strong channels is included in the active set of handoff legs used to transmit the CDMA data frame, and the invention transmits the CDMA data frame only through channels within the active set.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for providing a continuous high speed packet data handoff for a mobile station in a wireless network. The system comprises a packet data handoff controller in a source base station that is capable of handing off high speed packet data on a supplemental channel. The packet data handoff controller executes a handoff by sending handoff messages that contain supplemental channel configuration information and Radio Link Protocol (RLP) configuration information. The packet data handoff controller activates a non-retransmission mode of the Radio Link Protocol (RLP). The target base station receives the high speed packet data call starting at a selected Radio Link Protocol (RLP) frame.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a bidirectional digital wireless system transmitting and receiving asymmetric transmission frames comprising: a mobile station for transmitting a plurality of uplink transmission frames each including a guard frame portion and a data frame portion carrying a main information segment; and a base station for receiving the uplink transmission frames, and generating and transmitting a plurality of downlink transmission frames each including an information frame element carrying a subsidiary information segment to the mobile station, whereby the base station is operative to divide the information frame element into a predetermined number of information frame portions respectively corresponding to the guard frame portions of the uplink transmission frame with respect to time length, and generate and transmit a plurality of downlink transmission frames each including the information frame portions collectively forming an information frame element carrying a subsidiary information segment to the m

Abstract: A system, method and node for supporting multiple IP sessions with dynamically allocated home IP addresses in a CDMA2000 network. When the Home Agent (HA) receives a registration request from a Mobile Node (MN), it verifies if there are any mobility bindings for the MN. If yes, the HA verifies if the MN's care-of address equals one it already stores. If not, the HA verifies if the home IP address in the request is zero, and if no refreshes the mobility binding. However, if the IP address is zero, the HA verifies if the MN has reached its session number limit, and if so, the HA keeps only the first session and removes the others, but if no, the HA creates a new mobile IP session. The proper home IP address is the returned to the MN.

Abstract: A method of estimating QoS for making a handoff trigger decision for a remote terminal in a wireless IP network is disclosed. At least a first and second probing packet is generated with an access router from a plurality of access points. The first and second probing packets are then sent from the access routers over a fixed core network having a plurality of routers to a correspondent access router and then back to the access routers. At least one collector packet is also generated and sent to follow the first and second probing packets to gather at least one predetermined QoS parameter from the routers after the first and second probing packets have left the routers. The QoS parameters are then processed with the access routers to make the handoff trigger decision preferentially along with layer two QoS parameters of the wireless hop.

Abstract: A portable electronic device is disclosed. The portable electronic device includes a wireless transceiver, a processor coupled to the wireless transceiver, a memory coupled to the processor and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor. The program provides automatic transitioning between a wireless infrastructure communication mode to an ad-hoc communication mode. The infrastructure mode is used when a request from a mobile device is received to access a communications network. The ad-hoc mode is used when a request from the mobile device is received to access resources on the portable electronic device.

Abstract: A system and method for the transfer of media content from an Internet server to a portable device is disclosed which may be configured using currently existing WAP and Internet server technologies with a new file downloading mechanism called Internal Code Control which makes use of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension types and file segmentation techniques to facilitate file transfer and download verification. An Index Parsing method of the Internal Code Control mechanism is disclosed for facilitating content download and billing functions.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a communication or chat session with a plurality of users, in particular for mobile radio networks according to Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) standards. A first user starts a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) session requesting an Internet Protocol (IP) address at the network. The first user then sends an initiation message including the IP address to a plurality of other users which preferably are selected from a mobile station's telephone book. Addressed users also request IP addresses at the respective networks and send a reply including the respective IP address via GPRS to the first user. After receiving at least one reply, the first user activates a chat session and all participants can exchange messages, preferably text and images, via GPRS or another packet switched service.

Abstract: A receiving process method of a receiving apparatus used in a mobile communication system is provided in which a sending apparatus sends a plurality of code channels as code channel groups to which spreading codes are assigned to a receiving apparatus, and the receiving apparatus receives the code channels, the receiving process method comprising the steps of: when spreading codes used for the code channel groups are orthogonal code sequences, generating received spreading signal sequences of the code channel groups according to the number of received paths; and removing received spreading signal sequences of a received path of own code channel group of the receiving apparatus which should be removed from received signals.

Abstract: In a data communication system capable of variable rate transmission, high rate packet data transmission improves utilization of the forward link and decreases the transmission delay. Data transmission on the forward link is time multiplexed and the base station transmits at the highest data rate supported by the forward link at each time slot to one mobile station. The data rate is determined by the largest C/I measurement of the forward link signals as measured at the mobile station. Upon determination of a data packet received in error, the mobile station transmits a NACK message back to the base station. The NACK message results in retransmission of the data packet received in error. The data packets can be transmitted out of sequence by the use of sequence number to identify each data unit within the data packets.

Abstract: A method for assigning sending permissions in a telecommunications system and a telecommunications system comprising a unit (20) providing access to said system for at least one telecommunication terminal (40) and a control unit (11) for scheduling data transfer between said at least one telecommunication terminal and the telecommunications system, whereby the control unit (11) is located apart from the access providing unit (20) and whereby said data transfer takes place on at least one transmission channel and more than one telecommunication terminal is arranged to use the same transmission channel so that a telecommunication terminal is allowed to send on the transmission channel when a sending permission is assigned to said telecommunication terminal, whereby the access providing unit (20) is arranged to assign a sending permission to the telecommunication terminal.

Abstract: A base station includes an acquisition unit for acquiring a packet transmitted from a terminal device to a mobile station, a priority calculation unit for calculating priority of transmission of the packet acquired by the acquisition unit to the mobile station, a weight processing unit for conducting weighting on the priority of the packet calculated by the priority calculation unit, a channel control unit for assigning a channel for transmission of the packet to the mobile station, to the packet based on the priority of the packet weighted by the weight processing unit, and a transmission unit for transmitting the packet to the mobile station on the channel assigned by the channel control unit.

Abstract: A communication receiver amplifies a pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) signal representing an integer-valued sequence of first data elements (D1) with an adjustable first gain (G1) and digitizes the amplified signal to produce a sequence of second data elements (D2) representing successive magnitudes of the PAM signal. A first automatic gain control (AGC) circuit determines the rate at which magnitudes of the second data sequence elements fall within a first range and adjusts G1 to maintain that rate within a second range. Digital signal processing circuits within the receiver process the second data to produce a sequence of third data elements (D3), each having a real number value substantially equal to a product of a second gain G2 and a corresponding one of the first data elements D1. A slicer rounds the real number represented by each third data sequence element to produce a corresponding integer-valued element of a fourth data sequence (D4).

Abstract: Rerouting of packet exchanges by a mobile terminal is controlled so as to be optimized on a real time basis to prevent network resources from being wasted by redundant routing. In an initial state a route of data from a mobile communication terminal M to a CN 8, which is a communication partner, is a route R5. Then, an access router (AR) 72 acquires the number of hops of data received from the CN 8 by the mobile communication terminal M. As the mobile communication terminal M now performs a handover to under the command of the AR 73, the route will change to a route R9. Then the AR 73 detects that the route becomes redundant by the fact that the number of hops acquired after the shift is greater than the pre-shift number of hops received from the AR 72, and invokes control to reroute to a route R7, which provides the optimal routing.

Abstract: A system and method for distributing data between telephone devices and electronic entertainment systems. The data may be voice data or image data. The system includes a plurality of telephone devices, a plurality of entertainment systems, a conversion server, a user management server, a user database, and a game server. Analog phone data received by the conversion server from the telephone devices via a telephone network is converted to digital data including a user identification. A user name associated with the user identification is determined, target users are identified, and the data is distributed to the target users' entertainment system. In addition, entertainment system data is distributed to telephone devices of target users when game situations specified by the users are realized.

Abstract: In communication system (200), a packet data terminal (102) (e.g., personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), telephone, mobile radiotelephone, network access device, Internet peripheral, and the like) initiates, coordinates, and controls the provision of on-demand conference call and call waiting services as a function of user inputs without the need for coordination of network resources that dominate conference call service as currently known and practiced. The packet data terminal permits users to establish call conference services for originating and terminating calls, alike. In addition, multi-party call waiting (two or more parties on-hold) services are established.

Abstract: A distributed system for communicating between a host digital terminal and a remote terminal. The host digital terminal is coupled between a central office digital terminal and a distribution network. The remote terminal is coupled between the distribution network and a plurality of subscriber loops. The system further includes a first network interface in communication with the host digital terminal for translating between an interface group protocol and a gateway control protocol. A distribution network switching fabric routes data between the host digital terminal and the remote terminal. A second network interface is in communication with the remote terminal for performing commands received from the first network interface and responding accordingly. Such a system enhances the evolution to next-generation packet networks.

Abstract: A twisted pair and/or coaxial cable fed, integrated residence gateway controlled set-top device provides a plurality of services. One service is lifeline service which may be provided over the coaxial cable via a cable modem of the integrated residence gateway or over the twisted pair facility. An integrated residence gateway is coupled to either or both of the coaxial cable or twisted pair and distributes the bandwidth facilities available over either service vehicle to customer devices including a set top box. A network service platform (NSP) is coupled to a cable facilities management platform (FMP) for providing services for cable television subscribers as well as telecommunication service subscribers such that an interexchange or telephone company would control the network services to the subscribers. The NSP architectural concept may permit the interexchange or telephone company to be the single service provider of information to subscribers on an equal basis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a packet switching device having a switching network consisting of a plurality of bufferless switching matrices (6) and a plurality of switching controllers (7) connected to form a matrix or cascade and each associated with a switching matrix (6), the respective result being fed back to the at least one previous switching controller present in the matrix or cascade.

Abstract: A system is described for monitoring and testing enterprise networks that tend to have a number of geographically dispersed devices and interconnected sub-networks. The system includes a plurality of distributed agents to capture packets from a network. The system further includes an aggregation module coupled to the network to receive and aggregate the captured packets. During the aggregation process, the aggregation module identifies duplicate packets that were captured by different agents as an originating packet traverses the network. A display is coupled to the aggregation module, presents the non-duplicate network packets, giving a user a clear illustration of network activity. For the duplicate packets, the aggregation module presents a representative packet, such as the originating packet, that may be expanded by the user to view the details of the duplicate packets.

Abstract: A method of, and an apparatus for, providing broadband services to multiple remote units located at a client premise via a single communication line are provided. Authorization data is communicated from distribution equipment to the remote units and the authorization data authorizes one of the remote units to transmit data to the distribution equipment. The authorization data is included in a DSL frame and is sequentially changed thereby sequentially to authorize each remote unit one at a time to transmit data. The distribution equipment provides the authorization data in a control word of a frame header of a VDSL frame.

Abstract: A multistage switch includes a matrix of coupled switch devices. A logical link comprising a plurality of physical links couples a destination through the plurality of physical links to a plurality of ports in the multistage switch. Each switch device performs trunk aware forwarding to reduce the forwarding of received frames through the matrix of coupled switch devices to the destination in order to reduce unnecessary traffic in the multistage switch.

Abstract: A first edge node in an MPLS network system includes a generation module generating a key value for determining an allocating destination link in a way that uses, as input values, a piece of source identifying information and a piece of destination identifying information contained in a header of a forwarding target frame before being attached with an MPLS header enabling the frame to be forwarded across an MPLS network on the basis of an MPLS protocol, an embedding module embedding the key value generated by the generation module into a specified field in the MPLS header, and a transmitting module transmitting the MPLS frame containing the key value embedded into the specified field in its MPLS header to the MPLS network.

Abstract: A system and method for avoiding a single point of failure in the broadcast of streaming data. The system uses multiple redundant servers steaming the exactly same data to a failover device. The failover device buffers the steams into a primary and secondary data stream and automatically switches from the primary to the secondary data stream if it detects a corruption in the primary data stream. Since the buffered data packets of the two steams are identical and are synchronized, there is not outage for multicast receivers when the primary data source fails since there is a switch to exactly the same data in the next packet of the secondary data stream.

Abstract: Call control methods are disclosed for a multi-zone, packet-based communication system using zone controller/RPEs incorporating a reservation proxy function. Participating zone controller/RPEs (124-130) receive and join a multicast group address to be used for a call, and exchange RSVP signaling messages across one or more inter-zone, packet network links (148, 150, 152, 154) to reserve communication resources for the call on behalf of participating devices in various zones. In the preferred embodiment, the zone controllers use IGMPv3 messages to specify other participating zone controllers as valid senders, thereby receiving desired control information for the duration of the call without being encumbered by undesired payload information.

Abstract: A data packet transmission method for use in a network switch is disclosed. The network switch includes a plurality of connection ports for tranceiving a data packet therefrom, a tag substitution rule table defining a tag substitution rule, a VLAN reference table defining the correlation of a tagging rule with a VLAN information of the data packet, a multicast reference table defining the relationship of a multicast port mask with a multicasting information of the data packet, and a tag determination device. The tag determination device transmits the data packet to destination ports according to the multicast port mask, determines the VLAN tag(s) to be affixed to the data packet for the destination ports according to the tag substitution rule, and optionally removes the VLAN tag for the destination ports according to the tagging rule.

Abstract: The invention provides for disabling communication at the access router on a visited network that supports mobile IP v6 and the home address destination option. Until a home agent or a correspondent node authenticates the home IP address of the mobile node and the access router verifies this address, the mobile node is unable to communicate with other resources over the visited network. If the home IP address included in a binding acknowledgement message is verified by the access router and affirmatively compared to the state of a corresponding binding update message from the mobile node, the access router enables subsequent messages to be communicated over the visited network between the mobile node and other resources.

Abstract: A network can be organized for providing virtual private LAN segment (VPLS) services to customers into a network core and an associated number of logical provider edges. Each logical provider edge is partitioned into a plurality of Edge-PEs and a Core-PE. Customers connect to the Edge-PE. The Edge-PE maintains a context (a virtual bridge) for each customer VPLS it serves, VPLS service is realized by a full mesh of so called virtual circuit (VC) tunnels between virtual bridge ports. Each VC tunnel is identified by 3 VC labels in each direction, the first label is used in the encapsulation of customer traffic from the ingress Edge-PE to the ingress Core-PE, the second from ingress Core-PE to egress Core-PE and the third from egress Core-PE to Egress Edge-PE. The mechanisms for the allocation of the label values to and how the label values are used provide a realization of VPLS service that is scalable and easy to administer.

Abstract: A method for scoring queued frames 18 for selective transmission through a switch (12) includes providing one or more switches in a fibre channel fabric, particularly one or more fibre channel switches (12′). The method includes assigning an initial score (20) to the content (42) of the one or more frames (18) of data (26). The initial score (20) is adjusted by one or more alternative score components to determine one or more adjusted scores (22). The adjusted scores (22) are compared. The method also provides for selecting frames (18) having the highest adjusted scores (22), and transmitting through the switches (12) the frames (18) having the highest adjusted scores (22).

Abstract: Intelligent admission control is achieved in a packet switch while minimizing the reduction in throughput. An array of limit values is stored in a memory of the switch and is accessed according to an indexing scheme. As each packet is received, an index is created and an associated limit value is retrieved for a one-step comparison with a corresponding status value read from a hardware register of the switch to determine whether or not to admit the packet. Accordingly, the number of conditional branches implemented in the microcode is greatly reduced and the packets are processed faster, which results in an increased throughput in the switch. An optional second comparison can be made based on a corresponding probability value stored in the array (with each limit value) before discarding a packet. A random number is compared to each probability value to determine whether to admit the associated packet.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining connection information for terminations and ports in a network. In accordance with an embodiment, to determine connection information for a first port that includes a first set of terminations and for a second port that includes a second set of terminations, information, such as path label information, bandwidth information, and traffic description information, for the first and second set of terminations may be determined. Based on a comparison of such information, it may be determined whether the first port is connected to the second port.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the robust implementation and protection of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) traffic over a Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR). The traditional SONET bridging function is eliminated for the ATM traffic in favor of a selector function. The selector function occurs at the ingress of the ATM traffic to the UPSR and directs the ATM traffic to its destination via a virtual path over the UPSR. The ATM traffic is protected from both SONET failures and ATM failures by means of an Intra-Ring Communication (IRC) protocol. The IRC protocol governs failure detection and the notification of the SONET nodes on the UPSR of the failure and any protection switch that may be necessary.

Abstract: The packet switching system for transmitting and receiving a packet via a packet switching network 100, which comprises a plurality of routing tables (#0, #1, #2 . . . ), each of which has been generated by a unique routing policy, stored in the routing apparatuses deployed at the border, at the origin or at the end of the respective routing domains, an identifier (RTI) inserted in the packet to specify the routing tables, and an identifier changer to change a value of the identifier on the packet switching network 100. The routing apparatus selects one of the routing tables (#0, #1, #2 . . . ) according to the RTI in the received packet and transfers the packet to a destination that is specified by the selected routing table.

Abstract: A frame forwarding system which has a plurality of frame forwarding devices and links to transport frames between external networks that belong to a particular group. This system is designed to prevent backbone links from being blocked even when there is a backdoor link that forms a potential loop in the network. A system state sharing unit in a frame forwarding device shares system state information with other frame forwarding devices. This information sharing enables all the frame forwarding devices and inter-node links to behave as a single virtual device for forwarding frames between external networks that belong to a particular group. A frame forwarding processor forwards received frames according to the system state information shared among all the frame forwarding devices in the system.

Abstract: A method for distributing and conditioning IP traffic for mobile networks based on differentiated services, wherein edge/border routers are only required to maintain QoS profiles for related mobile stations. A new IP address or a new service level subscription or service level agreement of an mobile station is only sent to related edge/border routers. As a result, unnecessary IP traffic is significantly reduced. The routers in accordance with methods of the invention disregard the contents of an IP payload and therefore all of the IP addresses that a mobile station may posse. A mobile station is permitted to enter into a domain and obtain a desired quality of service (e.g., Gold or Standard service) without the need to maintain the service while moving through the domain.

Abstract: A system for, and method of, configuring border gateway selection for transit traffic flows in a computer network. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a border gateway modeler that builds a model of cooperating border gateways, the model including capacities of the border gateways and (2) a traffic flow optimizer, associated with the border gateway modeler, that initially assigns traffic to the border gateways in accordance with a generalized assignment problem and subsequently reassigns the traffic to the border gateways based on cost until the capacities are respected.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for a local area network router, that allows communication between a number of remotely located users, and a plurality of peripheral devices connected to the local area network router. Users may access the local area network using wireless devices or the Internet. The peripheral devices, which may include a wide variety of multi-media storage, playback, printing, or other functions, are connected to the router via local interfaces, which communicate with the peripheral devices via established protocols. Each of the peripheral devices is provided with an IP address, which facilitates direct communication of the users with the peripheral devices and permits direct communication with the devices over the Internet. Data packets destined for the IP address of a peripheral device are router through the local interface, which converts the data utilizing compatible communication protocols for the target peripheral device.

Abstract: L2 switch 1 accommodates a plurality of subscriber lines and is connected to an upper side of an internet including service/management device 5 to exchange data packet. L2 switch 1 transmits broadcast packet of DHCP and ARP among the exchanged data packets to not the side of subscriber line but the upper side of the internet. When L2 packet transfer device 2 transfers the broadcast packet of ARP request to IP address managing device 3, L2 packet transfer device 2 determines whether the ARP request is transmitted from a user terminal connected to the subscriber line or from service/management device 5 or packet transfer device 4.

Abstract: A switch to switch protocol for network load balancing which negotiates among switches operable in accordance with the invention to assign a unique loop bit offset identifier value to each switch. Various other load balancing protocols associated with the switches then utilize the loop bit offset value as an identifier field when determining loops in the network of switches and costs associated with non-looped paths in the switches. A loop bit offset identifier requires less switch processing overhead than techniques which utilize an entire address value (i.e., MAC address value) for such protocols. Further, the loop bit offset identifier assigned by the present invention reduces the size of load balancing related packets. Specifically, cost computation related packets are reduced in size to the minimum 64 byte packet size through use of the loop bit offset identifier value of the present invention.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for searching for preambles in a base station of a mobile telecommunications system employing a CDMA system. The method comprises the steps of inputting oversampled samples of each chip associated with a first antenna from an access slot boundary and storing the inputted samples in a first buffer, inputting oversampled samples of each chip associated with a second antenna after the lapse of a predetermined delay from the access slot boundary and storing the inputted samples in a second buffer, reading samples in a period of a plurality of chips from the first and second buffers and correlating the read samples with scramble codes to generate signatures corresponding respectively to a plurality of hypotheses, calculating an accumulated energy value of each of the signatures, and sorting the signatures by identical ones and selecting one with a maximum accumulated energy value from among the sorted signatures.

Abstract: Interconnected master and slave transceivers provide data communication between host computers. Each transceiver receives and encodes elements of a first data sequence from its local host computer at a first rate and employs a finite impulse response (FIR) filter to interpolate elements of the encoded first data sequence to produce elements of a second data sequence at a higher second rate controlled by a local clock signal. The second data sequence controls the amplitude of an analog signal sent to the other transceiver. Each transceiver also processes the analog signal arriving from the other transceiver to produce elements of a third data sequence at that second rate and employs a second FIR filter for interpolating the third data sequence to produce elements of a fourth data sequence at the slower first rate. Fourth data sequence elements are then decoded to produce elements of a fifth sequence forwarded to the local host computer at the first rate.

Abstract: A 1000BASE-T transceiver linked to an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) through a transformer currently transmits and receives outgoing and incoming signals via the UTP. The transceiver employs an energy efficient class B or AB line driver supplying asymmetric output currents to the transformer's primary winding terminals so that the transformer's secondary winding induces the outgoing signal on the UTP. Resistors couple the transformer's primary winding terminals to inputs of separate amplifiers producing a differential output signal mimicking the incoming 1000BASE-T signal. Since both the incoming and outgoing signals contribute to voltages appearing at the transformer's primary winding terminals, echo cancellation circuits provide additional compensating signals to the amplifier inputs for canceling echo in each amplifier input due to the resistive and reactive loading on each driver output current and arising from the asymmetric nature of the class B or AB driver's output currents.

Abstract: A method of preparing data streams to facilitate seamless switching between such streams by a switching device to produce an output data stream without any switching artifacts. Bi-directional switching between any plurality of data streams is supported. The data streams are divided into segments, wherein the segments include synchronized starting points and end points. The data rate is increased before an end point of a segment, to create switch gaps between the segments. Increasing the data rate can include increasing a bandwidth of the plurality of data streams, for example by multiplexing, or compressing the data.

Abstract: A group poll mechanism (GPM) that schedules upstream bandwidth for cable modems by pointing a request opportunity normally reserved for a single service flow to more than one service flow. Essentially, instead of using the seldom-used poll requests one per service flow, this same request opportunity is pointed to multiple service flows. In such kind of a scheme the GPM gives the same mini-slot to multiple service flows. The GPM implements the use of place-holder SIDs and novel mapping of information elements in MAP messages.