Abstract: A tire comprising a crown, two sidewalls and two beads, a carcass reinforcement anchored in each of the beads and a crown reinforcement. The carcass reinforcement comprises at least two circumferential alignments of first reinforcing threads of high elasticity modulus, each circumferential alignment of the first reinforcing threads being, within each bead, bordered axially by second reinforcing threads oriented substantially circumferentially. The first reinforcing threads and the second reinforcing threads are separated by a layer of mix of very high elasticity modulus. The second reinforcements are arranged in a spiral and formed of monofilaments or unit threads of steel.

Abstract: A tire comprising a crown, two sidewalls and two beads, a carcass reinforcement anchored in each of the beads and a crown reinforcement. The carcass reinforcement comprises at least two circumferential alignments of first reinforcing threads of high elasticity modulus, each circumferential alignment of first reinforcing threads being, within each bead, bordered axially inwardly and axially outwardly by second reinforcing threads oriented substantially circumferentially of a modulus greater than or equal to that of the first reinforcing threads. The first reinforcing threads and the second reinforcing threads are separated by a layer of mix of very high elasticity modulus. The outer surface of each bead comprises a seat, a frustoconical wall of substantially radial orientation radially inwardly adjacent to a wall section in the shape of an arc of a circle EF of center C which center C is arranged axially outwardly relative to the bead.

Abstract: A method and system for assessing proper pre-processing and proper welding of polymer workpieces. A visible or infrared radiation source, optionally coupled with optical filters, directs radiation at test wavelengths through a workpiece which is captured by sensors at one or more stations. The system controller determines from the sensor data whether the absorber dye was properly deposited onto the workpiece. The workpiece is then certified weld-enabled within a bandwidth range of the test wavelength. The bandwidth range is determined by absorption spectra and extinction coefficients of the dye or by utilizing multiple test wavelengths. For determining whether proper welds occurred, a further embodiment of the method and system check for spectral characteristics that the dye vehicle did not unduly interfere or occlude the weld. Further spectral data indicates fusing of reflective surfaces, increased transmission and increase photopic transmission.

Abstract: A self-seal tire according to the present invention has a puncture sealing layer located all over a tire inner wall surface from one shoulder portion to the other shoulder portion of a pneumatic tire. The puncture sealing layer comprises at least one band-shape seal layer, which includes a band-shape sponge layer and a bonding layer, the band-shape sponge layer being impregnated with an adhesive so that it is exposed on a tier wall surface side face of the band-shape sponge layer and spaced apart from a tire counter wall surface side face thereof, and the bonding layer being made of adhesive and provided on the tire wall surface side face. The band-shape seal layer is bonded through the bonding layer on the tire inner wall surface with the band-shape seal layer being wound in a circumferential direction of the tire.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making garments that can cool or heat the wearer of the garment. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of providing a pattern board having a channel configuration formed thereon that defines at least one channel circuit, disposing a first fusible fabric over the channel configuration of the pattern board, disposing a length of tubing over the channel configuration and depressing the tubing into the channels, disposing a second fabric over the tubing and first fusible fabric to form a first laminate assembly, and applying heat and pressure to the laminate assembly to form a laminate garment structure.

Abstract: A sheet slitter winder that uses a sheet slitter to slit a wide sheet into a plurality of sheets of predetermined width, and winders to wind the slit sheets onto winding cores. Touch rollers contact the winding rolls. Temporary sheet-holding means have a sheet-retaining plate that can be contacted with and separated from the touch rollers and can temporarily hold a slit sheet against an outside peripheral surface of a touch roller at a point upstream of a point of contact between a touch roller and a roll. Cutting means are used to cut widthwise across the slit sheets thus held in place.

Abstract: Methods of applying film to substrates are provided wherein the film matingly conforms to the configuration of the substrate, including areas adjacent protrusions or depressions in the substrate. In certain embodiments, the film is punctured by a probe and a vacuum is applied to the probe in order to aspirate air and urge the film toward a position of compliance with the substrate. Optionally, the film is softened by heat in order to facilitate conformance with the shape of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing veneered compressed parts, wherein a carrier preferably consisting of aluminum, an intermediate sheet of veneer and a cover sheet of veneer are glued together by exerting a pressure o over 200 M/cm2 at a temperature higher than 120° C. in a molding press as to form a unfinished molded part. The cover sheets of veneer and optionally the intermediate sheets of veneer are thoroughly dyed at an overpressure in an aqueous dye bath at a temperature ranging between 105 and 115° C. before executing the molding process and then dried while the surface of the finished molded part is lacquered. The production of the compressed part is substantially simplified when a continuous layer of a pasty, hardenable impregnating agent is applied on one side of the thoroughly dyed cover sheet of veneer and when the layer of impregnating agent is substantially prehardened while preserving flexibility.

Abstract: A method for making a piece of simulated stained-glass that includes the steps of providing a vacuum mold die having a working surface, forming a series of completely flat and smooth, raised and elongated areas on the working surface of the vacuum mold die, laying a sheet of acrylic or plastic over the working surface of the vacuum mold die, vacuum forming the sheet of acrylic or plastic so as to form a sheet of vacuum formed acrylic or plastic having recessed flats on a mold-facing surface thereof and raised flats on an ambient-facing surface thereof that oppose the recessed flats, by virtue of the series of completely flat and smooth, raised and elongated areas on the working surface of the vacuum mold die, glueing pressure sensitive self-stick lead strips to the recessed flats on the mold-facing surface of the sheet of vacuum formed acrylic or plastic and the raised flats on the ambient-facing surface of the sheet of vacuum formed acrylic or plastic, and forming the piece of simulated stained-glass.

Abstract: A method of forming printable media including providing a laminate construction which includes (1) a film coated liner having a film layer on a liner and (2) a facestock adhered with an adhesive layer to the film layer of the film coated liner. The facestock, the film layer and the adhesive layer together form a laminate facestock. The facestock is cut to the liner to form facestock cut lines defining at least in part perimeters of printable media. Areas of the liner cover backsides of the facestock cut lines and thereby hold the printable media together for a printing operation on the printable media in a printer or copier and allow the printed media to be removed from the liner after the printing operation into individual printed media.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for forming an absorbent garment and an absorbent composite core. The absorbent composite core preferably is comprised of at least four layers, whereby two of the layers are outer layers, (an upper layer and a lower layer), one of the inner layers is a central fibrous layer containing a mixture of tow fibers and SAP, and the other inner layer is at least one layer selected from an acquisition layer, a distribution layer, an additional fibrous layer optionally containing SAP, a wicking layer, a storage layer, a dryness layer, a softness layer, or combinations and fragments thereof.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the laser welding of two filter half-trays made of plastic and used in automatic transmission oil filters, wherein two filter half-trays are placed one on top of the other and welded along their common edge using laser light, one filter half-tray consisting of laser light-permeable plastic and the other filter half-tray of laser light-impermeable plastic, and the laser beam is passed through the laser light-permeable filter half-tray along the position of contact with the other filter half-tray, striking the -laser light-impermeable filter half-tray, and co-fusing of the two filter half-trays within the welding zone is achieved by light absorption of the laser light-impermeable plastic material.

Abstract: Embodiments of optical discs and methods for making the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the optical disc comprises: at least two plastic substrates comprising a bonding layer and a data layer disposed therebetween, wherein at least one of the substrates is a read side substrate comprising greater than or equal to about 0.05 wt % colorant, based upon the total weight of the read side substrate, and wherein the read side substrate has a UV Bonding Index of greater than or equal to about 0.5. One method for making the optical disc comprises: forming a first plastic substrate comprising greater than or equal to about 0.05 wt % colorant, based upon the total weight of the first plastic substrate, wherein a UV Bonding Index of the first plastic substrate is controlled to be greater than or equal to about 0.5, disposing a data layer between the first plastic substrate and a second substrate, bonding the first plastic substrate to the second plastic substrate with a bonding layer, and curing the bonding layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making garments that can cool or heat the wearer of the garment. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of providing a pattern board having a channel configuration formed thereon that defines at least one channel circuit, disposing a first fusible fabric over the channel configuration of the pattern board, disposing a length of tubing over the channel configuration and depressing the tubing into the channels, disposing a second fabric over the tubing and first fusible fabric to form a first laminate assembly, and applying heat and pressure to the laminate assembly to form a laminate garment structure.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides improved methods of fabricating polymeric microfluidic devices that incorporate microscale fluidic structures, whereby the fabrication process does not substantially distort or deform such structures. The methods of the invention generally provide enhanced bonding processes for mating and bonding substrate layers to define the microscale channel networks therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fibrous product containing plant seeds. In one embodiment, the product is a laminate having plant seeds and adhesive intermediate first and second fibrous sheets. In another embodiment, the product is an integrally formed, unitary fibrous product that includes plants seeds in a fibrous substrate. In a further embodiment, the product is a fibrous sheet coated with a combination of plant seeds and binder. Methods for making the fibrous product are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of poly-o-hydroxy amides (PHAs) for adhesively bonding articles or materials, especially components used in the semiconductor industry, such as chips and wafers, a process for adhesively bonding materials, especially chips and/or wafers, chip and/or wafer stacks produced by the process, and adhesive compositions which comprise the poly-o-hydroxy amides of the formula (I).

Abstract: This invention comprises a coating for equipment parts, particularly including chemical mechanical polishing equipment parts and other equipment that may experience wear or contaminant build-up. The coating includes a fluoropolymer based material that may also contain a colorant or pigment to visually contrast with particles or slurry that is deposited on the parts during use. In some embodiments, multiple layers are applied in contrasting colors so that when a layer closer to the surface begins to wear a lower layer will be readily visible, signaling that re-coating or replacement will soon be required.

Abstract: An apparatus for supercritical processing and non-supercritical processing of a workpiece comprises a transfer module, a supercritical processing module, a non-supercritical processing module, and a robot. The transfer module includes an entrance. The supercritical processing module and the non-supercritical processing module are coupled to the transfer module. The robot is preferably located within the transfer module. In operation, the robot transfers a workpiece from the entrance of the transfer module to the supercritical processing module. After supercritical processing, the robot then transfers workpiece from the supercritical processing module to the non-supercritical processing module. After the non-supercritical processing, the robot returns the workpiece to the entrance of the transfer module. Alternatively, the non-supercritical processing is performed before the supercritical processing.

Abstract: A reactor assembly and processing method for treating a substrate generally includes a base unit, a chuck assembly, a process chamber, an inlet manifold assembly and an exit manifold assembly. The inlet manifold assembly is in fluid communication with a first opening of the process chamber, wherein the inlet manifold assembly comprises a flow-shaping portion adapted to laterally elongate a gas and/or a reactant flow into the process chamber. The exhaust manifold assembly in fluid communication with a second opening of the process chamber and is diametrically opposed to the inlet manifold assembly. The process includes flowing a gas and/or reactive species into the process chamber of the reactor assembly in a direction that is about planar with the substrate surface providing improved uniformity and increased reactivity.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a processing container 53 whose interior has a mount table 10, a glass plate 8 for covering an upper opening of the processing container 53, a microwave supplier 50, a coaxial waveguide 52 having its end connected with the microwave supplier 50 to have an inner conductor 52B and an outer conductor 52A, a radial waveguide box 54 connected to the other end of the outer conductor 52A of the coaxial waveguide 52 and formed to expand from the other end of the outer conductor 52A outward in the radial direction and subsequently extend downward, a disc-shaped antenna member 60 for covering a lower opening of the radial waveguide box 54, the antenna member 60 having its central part connected with the other end of the inner conductor 52B, and a metallic reflector 64 arranged on the opposite side of the antenna member's part connected with the inner conductor 52B, for reflecting ah electric field reflected by an inner wall of the processing container 4.

Abstract: A capacitively coupled plasma reactor composed of: a reactor chamber enclosing a plasma region; upper and lower main plasma generating electrodes for generating a processing plasma in a central portion of the plasma region by transmitting electrical power from a power source to the central portion while a gas is present in the plasma region; and a magnetic mirror including at least one set of magnets for maintaining a boundary layer plasma in a boundary portion of the plasma region around the processing plasma.

Abstract: A substrate holding structure having excellent corrosion resistance and airtightness, having excellent dimensional accuracy and having sufficient durability when mechanical or thermal stress is applied thereto is obtained. A holder (1) serving as the substrate holding structure according to the present invention comprises a ceramic base (2) for holding a substrate, a protective cylinder (7) joined to the ceramic base (2) and a joining layer (8) positioned between the ceramic base (2) and the protective cylinder (7) for joining the ceramic base (2) and the protective cylinder (7) to each other. The joining layer (8) contains at least 2 mass % and not more than 70 mass % of a rare earth oxide, at least 10 mass % and not more than 78 mass % of aluminum oxide, and at least 2 mass % and not more than 50 mass % of aluminum nitride. The rare earth oxide or the aluminum oxide has the largest ratio among the aforementioned three types of components in the joining layer (8).

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a collimator by attaching a glass tube assembly, which includes a pigtail having a fiber, and a GRIN lens, which is coaxially arranged with the pigtail, into a metal sleeve having a tube shape. The apparatus includes a supporting part, a sleeve grip part connected to the supporting part and having at least one holder for disposing the metal sleeve therein, a fiber chucking part provided above the sleeve grip part and chucking the fiber, and a lift unit lifting and lowering the fiber chucking part to control the glass tube assembly inserted in the metal sleeve to move up and down along a longitudinal direction of the metal sleeve. With this configuration, the glass tube assembly is conveniently fixedly fitted into the metal sleeve.

Abstract: A group for assembling, disassembling and bead releasing of a tire (2) onto and from a wheel-rim (3) supported mounted for rotation about an axis and having at least a carriage or slid (4) displaceably mounted on guides (5) extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel-rim (3), an arm or upright (6) extending in a transverse direction with respect to the said axis of rotation and having one end thereof supported by the slide or carriage (4) and its other end provided with a bead releasing tool (7, 8) that can be arranged so as to have its working front or edge (107, 108) facing towards the same side.

Abstract: A compact, foldable, transportable vehicle protector for parked vehicles. Panels are connected, side-by-side, by alternating folding lines or hinges to form a structure capable of standing freely in any position around the vehicle. The folding lines or hinges further allow the panels to fold onto each other, forming a vehicle protector that is compact, stowable and transportable. When the device is positioned around the vehicle, it protects the vehicle from dents, scratches and other damage occurring from what many consider minor bumps.

Abstract: A window treatment includes a cord locking system, a breakaway end portion for a cord, and a releasable cord connection apparatus to prevent children or pets from becoming entangled in cords. A cord locking system includes a locking mechanism, a rotating portion and a spring portion. A breakaway end portion includes a housing, a stop portion, and at least one track. A releasable cord connector apparatus includes a receptive member and a connective member that inserts into the receptive member and releases when a force is applied.

Abstract: A storage sleeve comprised of a plurality of side panels defining and open-ended hollow box-like structure appropriately sized for placement in a conventional cooler container and surrounded by a coolant. At least one of the plurality of side panels includes a mesh-like section to readily facilitate heat transfer therethrough. When the storage sleeve is placed within the cooler container and at least partially surrounded by a solid coolant such as ice, the box-like structure as defined by the plurality of side panels prevents the coolant from occupying the storage area. At the same time, the mesh-like section accommodates heat transfer between the storage area and the coolant itself.

Abstract: A reduced visibility insect screening is described having a transmittance of at least about 0.75 and a reflectance of about 0.04 or less. In an alternative embodiment, an insect screening material includes screen elements having a diameter of about 0.005 inch (0.13 mm), having a bond strength greater than 5500 psi (40 mega Pascals), and having the same transmittance and reflectance limits. In another embodiment of the invention, a screening includes screen elements having a diameter of about 0.005 inch (0.1 mm) or less and a coating on the screen elements having a matte black finish, where the screening has the same transmittance and reflectance limits.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stabilizing the pH of a pulp suspension with buffering agents and to a process for producing paper from a stabilized pulp suspension. The alkalinity of the pulp suspension is increased by a combination of an alkali metal hydroxide feed and a carbon dioxide feed. Said feeds provide a significant buffering effect which stablilizes the pH of said pulp suspension for the paper making process.

Abstract: Provided are methods of deacidifying a cellulose-based material by providing a deacidification composition comprising a hydrofluorocarbon and a deacidification agent dispersed within the hydrofluorocarbon, and contacting the cellulose-based material with the composition to increase the pH associated with the cellulose-based material. Also provided are deacidification compositions for use in the present methods.

Abstract: A loudspeaker in which the input resistance is improved and the effect of humidity on the playback frequency response is suppressed, and a method for the preparation of the loudspeaker. A sheet-like product, containing glass particles with a particle size of 8 nm to 300 nm and polyamide resin, and prepared by application of a paper-making technique, is used as the diaphragm. The content of the glass particles in the compound material is 5 weight % to 70 weight %. In preparing the diaphragm, a phase of an aqueous solution containing diamine and water glass is contacted with a phase of an organic solution containing a dicarboxylic acid halide to generate a compound material containing glass particles and the polyamide resin. The compound material so prepared is formed into a sheet by a paper-making technique. In the process of the preparation by the paper-making technique, the compound material mixed with other fibrous material may also be used as a starting material.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, starch/polymer combinations are provided. The preferred starch/polymer combinations are usable as paper additives, in the wet end of a papermaking process. Typical and preferred starch/polymer combinations of this type, result from combining a starch, having a polymer reactive carbonyl functionality, with a polymer, having a carbonyl reactive functionality, under conditions that allow for covalent interaction between the two. Typically usable components comprise oxidized starch and polymer having reactive primary or reactive secondary amine groups. Also provided are methods of preparing such combinations, methods of use, preferred papers including such combinations, and, analytical techniques usable in preparation of such combinations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing liquid packaging board, in which process a board pulp is treated with a percarboxylic acid by adding to the pulp percarboxylic acid in an amount of 0.5-5 kg/ton of dry pulp, indicated as a 100 percent percarboxylic acid, whereafter, or simultaneously with the percarboxylic acid treatment, sizing is carried out with a combination of a resin size and a neutral size, which is followed by board forming. The manufactured board has good resistance to liquid penetration.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved paper production process, according to which a branched polymer prepared in reverse phase emulsion is used as the main retention aid, and then bentonite is used as the secondary retention aid (a dual type system). The two additions are separated by a stage for shearing the fibrous suspension (or mass).

Abstract: A tissue paper used for heat sensitive stencil sheet to be used for a heat-sensitive stencil sheet comprising natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or their mixture, which being impregnated with an ionizing radiation curable type of resin, and a heat-sensitive stencil sheet having a thermoplastic resin film being bonded thereto, wherein, at surface of one side of the resin film, there is provided the tissue paper used for heat-sensitive stencil sheet, which is that being bonded the thermoplastic resin film by point-bonding with using an ionizing radiation-curable resin, and there is provided an anti-sticking layer on the other side of the thermoplastic resin film.

Abstract: A method for threading a running paper web from a preceding section to a following section of a paper-making or paper-finishing machine, includes the steps of: providing a threading tail of the running paper web by cutting it from the running paper web at at least one of its edges; providing at least one sensing element for gaining data from at least one property of the threading tail and/or threading process; transferring the gained data into a data collecting system and/or into an analysis system; and using the data for influencing the at least one property of the threading tail and/or the threading process.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions useful for inhibiting the formation of gummy residues on equipment in processing operations which liberate tiny adhesive particles having a tendency to agglomerate into larger particles and/or films. The compositions comprise a complex or adduct formed from styrene/methacrylic acid copolymer and calcium ions. The compositions according to the invention may be added to a processing system at any point, either upstream or downstream from the location at which residues are formed. Compositions according to the invention may be applied by spray techniques.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the production and processing of a material web, specifically a paper or cardboard web are described, whereby the material web is first wound and subsequently unwound for a subsequent finishing process and whereby the material web after being wound and prior to the finishing process is remoistened so that its moisture immediately prior to the finishing process is higher than that immediately prior to winding.

Abstract: In the method, a release layer is formed on base paper to manufacture release paper. The base paper is calendered before forming the release layer in-line on the same production line. A further object of the invention is equipment for manufacturing release paper, which equipment can be used to form a release layer on top of a base paper. The equipment comprises a calender (4) located before the release layer forming unit (5) in-line on the same production line.

Abstract: In the method, a long nip (N) shoe calender formed of a shoe roll (10) and a thermo roll (20) is used. In calendering, a nip dwell time which is over 10 ms. advantageously over 20 ms. a nip pressure which is below 3 MPa. advantageously below 1 MPa. and a surface temperature of the thermo roll (20) which is over 200° C. advantageously over 250° C. are used. In addition, the board web (W) surface to be pressed against the thermo roll (20) is moisturized before the nip.

Abstract: A method of producing pulp moldings having a paper-making process comprising the steps of assembling split mold halves (11, 12) having suction passageways (14) to form a paper-making mold (10), feeding pulp slurry of predetermined set feed concentration into the cavity (13) in the paper-making mold (10), and sucking the pulp slurry through the suction passageways (14) to form a pulp layer (15) on the inner surface of the paper-making mold (10), wherein the concentration of the pulp slurry in the cavity (13) in the initial and/or final period of formation of the pulp layer (15) in the paper-making process is lower than the above-mentioned set feed concentration of the pulp slurry.

Abstract: A method of producing a pulp molded article comprising the steps of assembling splits (10, 11) each having a suction passageway and a papermaking screen (5) into a papermaking mold (1), filling the cavity of the papermaking mold (1) with a pulp slurry, discharging the liquid component of the pulp slurry through the suction passageway to deposit pulp fiber on the inner side of the papermaking screen (5) into an undried wet molded article, and dewatering the undried molded article deposited on the inner side of the papermaking screen (5), wherein the splits (10, 11) each have a large number of flow passageways (2) for feeding a purging fluid for cleaning the papermaking screen (5), and the purging fluid is ejected from the outer side of the papermaking screen (5) toward the cavity through the flow passageways (2) during the filling with the pulp slurry.

Abstract: A device and method for the early detection of a rupture in a continuous casting plant, in which liquid metal is cast into a chill (2) and is withdrawn from the chill (2) in the form of a billet (1), the temperature of the chill (2) being measured, and the temperature of the chill (2) being simultaneously presented with reference to the location at which the temperature was measured and the time over which the temperature was measured.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing composite materials are provided. In a first embodiment, a binding material is placed on a heat-resistant filter that is placed on hollow particles in a pressurizable container. Under pressure and heat, the binding material flows through the filter and infiltrates the spaces between the hollow particles. In a further embodiment, composite material wire is produced by coating the surfaces of inorganic fiber bundles with a metal oxide by dipping in a solution of a hydrolyzable organic metal compound and hydrolyzing and heat-treating prior to continuous infiltration under pressure. In a further embodiment, the apparatus includes orifices with enlarged diameter sections. In a still further embodiment, an apparatus is provided with ultrasonic vibration.

Abstract: The invention provides a molding die in which a whole or a part of an exclusive portion forming a cavity can be swiftly changed while leaving a general portion in a molding machine. A fixed insert, a movable insert, a pressing plate and a slide core which correspond to an exclusive portion can be automatically attached to and detached from a fixed main die, a movable main die, a pressing rod and a slide holder which correspond to a general portion by an attaching and detaching mechanism. Further, the fixed insert, the movable insert, the pressing plate and the slide core can be integrated in a die close state by a connection mechanism.

Abstract: A process for producing aluminum sheet product having a controlled grain structure and texture using a continuous caster to cast molten aluminum into a slab comprising the steps of providing a source of molten aluminum and continuously casting the molten aluminum into a slab using a continuous caster; continuously rolling the slab into a sheet product and continuously annealing the sheet product in a controlled temperature range; measuring grain structure and texture of the sheet product to provide a grain structure and texture related signal on a continuous basis; and relaying the signal to a controller. In the controller, comparing the signal to previous signals reflecting grain structure and texture of the sheet product to provide a comparison; and in response to the comparison, maintaining or changing heat input to the process upwardly or downwardly to increase or decrease the temperature to produce aluminum sheet having the desired grain structure and texture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing slabs having a thickness D>100 mm, and at casting speeds v<3 m/min, in a continuous casting installation in which melt is supplied to a permanent mold from a storage reservoir via an immersion nozzle and from which, on the aperture side, a strand shell enclosing a liquid crater is withdrawn into a strand guidance frame, in particular a bow-type continuous casting installation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing thin slabs and to a continuous casting installation for this purpose, having a laterally adjustable mold into which an immersion nozzle protrudes, and in which there is opposite a larger crowned cross section on the charging side a cross section on the strand outlet side which is small and identically crowned in the central region, and having pairs of supporting and guiding rollers which follow the mold and have a caliber adapted to the emerging crowned strand.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling and manipulating solidification of a molten material includes a substrate on which the molten material is deposited and a writing system that generates a gradient pattern on at least a portion of the substrate on which the molten material is deposited.