Abstract: The troublesomeness during the setting of a plurality of capillaries is eliminated by composing pairs of electrodes, which are electrically connected to the common electrode, and capillaries.

Abstract: A bio-separation instrument using a multi-segment cartridge. The cartridge includes a plurality of efficient, compact, portable, interchangeable, reusable, recyclable, modular, multi-channel segments. Each segment supports multiple capillaries for CE separation. Each segment has an integrated reservoir containing a buffer/gel common to all the capillaries. Air pressure can be supplied to the reservoir through the periphery of each segment. Each segment has an integrated LED array board directly coupled to capillaries for providing excitation light. Optical fibers of a fiber bundle are individually guided through the periphery of each segment to the capillaries for emission collection. The fiber bundle delivers emissions to a detector that can read the emissions in a time-staggered multiplexed scheme. Each segment includes electrodes electrically coupled to a voltage source through the periphery of the segment for effecting CE separation.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide a manufacturing device for making conductive particles that efficiently permit a placed layer of uniform thickness to be formed over each of all particles without aggregating the particles in a plating liquid.

Abstract: Stainless steel coatings are formed on metallic substrates by employing the metallic substrates as a cathode in an aqueous electrolyte containing chromium, nickel and iron in specified concentrations or ratios. A coumarin leveling agent is preferably used. A product is obtained having a coating comprising, in weight ratios, weight ratios chromium 6-15:nickel 3-5:iron 32-39; the product has the appearance and many of the properties of monolithic stainless steel.

Abstract: A method for filling recesses of different sizes on a semiconductor substrate comprising immersing a semiconductor substrate having a surface provided with recesses of different sizes in an electroplating bath containing ions of a metal to be deposited on the surface; immersing a counter electrode in the plating bath; passing an electric current between the substrate and the counterelectrode; wherein, in a first electroplating step, the electric current is a modulated reversing electric current comprising a train of pulses that are cathodic with respect to the substrate and pulses that are anodic with respect to the substrate, whereby the pulse train in the first step has a first period, the cathodic pulses have an on-time of from about 0.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing electric microcontact printing is provided. A stamp is brought into contact with the surface of a substrate to provide high resolution features. Aspects of the invention may be used for data storage, microcontact printing, and for other applications requiring high resolution pattern transfer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an energy enhanced process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of electroplating a Ni—Fe—P alloy using a sulfamate solution and, in particular, a method of electroplating a Ni—Fe—P alloy using a plating solution containing nickel sulfamate, iron sulfamate, phosphorous acid, and a buffer agent. The method is advantageous in that a residual stress of a deposited layer is very low and has stable mechanical properties, and excellent thermal and corrosion resistance because the deposited layer is obtained by electroplating the Ni—Fe—P alloy using the sulfamate solution useful in a high rate plating process. Furthermore, the method can be applied to various parent metals such as stainless steel, Inconel and iron alloys, and to various fields because the chemical compositions of the deposited layer are readily controlled by varying the concentration of the plating solution.

Abstract: The present invention applies an electrochemical etching solution to a material layer, preferably a metal layer, disposed on a workpiece, in the presence of a current. This electrochemical etching solution supplies to the material on the substrate surface the species to form an intermediate compound on the surface that can be more easily mechanically removed as intermediate compound fragments than the material. By removing the intermediate compound fragments, the process allows more efficient use of the supplied current to form another layer of intermediate compound that can also be mechanically removed, rather than using the current to result in another compound on the surface of the material that eventually dissolves into the solution. In another aspect of the invention, such intermediate compound particulates are externally generated and used to mechanically remove the surface layer of the material.

Abstract: Polishing compositions and methods for removing conductive materials from a substrate surface are provided. In one aspect, a composition includes an acid based electrolyte system, one or more chelating agents, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more inorganic or organic acid salts, one or more pH adjusting agents to provide a pH between about 3 and about 10, a polishing enhancing material selected from the group of abrasive particles, one or more oxidizers, and combinations thereof, and a solvent. The composition may be used in an conductive material removal process including disposing a substrate having a conductive material layer formed thereon in a process apparatus comprising an electrode, providing the composition between the electrode and substrate, applying a bias between the electrode and the substrate, and removing conductive material from the conductive material layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for electrolytically contacting and electrochemically inspecting surfaces which makes electrolytic contact with the surface through a body utilizing capillary action. The capillary force between surface and body utilizing capillary action prevents the electrolyte from escaping from the cell without the use of a sealing ring. The body utilizing capillary action allows the electrolyte to flow from an open porous container and wet the surface when the electrochemical cell contacts the surface. Escape of material from the open cell is prevented by the capillary action of the container and of the tip when the electrochemical cell is lifted from the surface. The electrochemical cell is independent of the force of gravity and enables measurements to be made on surfaces of any orientation. The electrochemical cell may be used to perform a multiplicity of electrochemical investigations and processes.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for improving the selectivity and productivity of sensors via digital signal processing techniques. According to one illustrative embodiment, in an electrochemical method for monitoring of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, an improvement is provided that includes applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal; and resolving a signal contribution from the select analyte in the generated signal by a vector projection method with an analyte vector comprising a plurality of real and imaginary parts of one or more Fourier coefficients at one or more frequencies of a reference current signal for the select analyte.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a component present in a liquid sample in free state or bound to constituents, preferably for measuring the SO2 content in the sample, has a locating space for the liquid sample, a sensor preferably responding selectively to the component, preferably based on an electrochemical cell, and a gas piping system via which a carrier gas can be passed from the locating space through the sensor (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A case for multiple pairs of eyeglasses has a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, a front surface and an opposing back surface and defines a volume for receiving eyeglasses with a length orientation of the eyeglasses substantially parallel to the front of the case. The case is formed from a cover portion and a base portion, hinged together at a pivot line that extends across the bottom of the case parallel to the length orientation of a pair of eyeglasses stored in the case. Preferably, the pivot line is offset on the bottom of the case so as to be closer to the back than the front. The pivot line forms a part of a mating line between the cover portion and the base portion. Preferably, the mating line extends obliquely upward from the bottom, across the ends of the case, and across the top. A divider separates the internal volume of the case into two compartments, each accommodating one pair of eyeglasses.

Abstract: A suture package for multiple double armed sutures has a base panel with a multi-compartment pocket disposed at a bottom portion thereof. A needle park adhered to the base panel holds a first group of needle pairs with the associated sutures extending down into compartments of the pocket. A divider panel divides the pocket structure in half and supports a second needle park for holding a second plurality of needle pairs. The needle parks have a serrated top edge and angled slits that hold the needles such that they have a reduced lateral profile to allow the package to have a manipulable width while holding multiple sutures. Pledgets on the sutures park besides the needles in valleys of the serrated edge. In order to prevent the second panel from compressing the sutures when the package is folded, the fold lines of the base panel and the second panel are offset and the top portion of the second panel is slidably attached to the base panel by tabs and slots.

Abstract: The invention relates to sanitary hygienic equipment, in particular to a soap dish design. Said invention makes it possible to reliably fix a soap to a base, to lessen the destruction of the soap by the base, to decrease the mushiness of soap after the use thereof and to increase the operating characteristics and the workability of the soap dish. The inventive soap dish comprises a body (1) provided with pins (2) and embodied in the form of a solid corpus whose cross section is respectively defined by a convex curve or by a part thereof. The projections of the heights of tops of the cross sections of said corpus on the pins are arranged on the top parts of the upper surface of the solid corpus.

Abstract: The present invention is an efficient and compact container for small tubes containing fluids. The present invention encloses the small tubes in a container that is in the design of a match book. The design allows easy access to the small tubes even in the dark or while the user is in motion. There are no loose pieces that can be lost. The cover of the match book tubes flips open easily and remains open for easy access to the tubes. The cover of the match book tubes closes easily with a flick of the finger and encloses the remaining tubes. The present invention can be easily carried and can be manufactured in large quantities at very low cost.

Abstract: Packaging 1 for use in the transport of an item through the mail, the packaging comprising first 3 and second 5 components that can be assembled to define a storage cavity for the item to be transported and an opener 11, 13 operable to open the packaging 1, wherein said components 3, 5 cannot be reassembled once said opener 11, 13 has been operated to open the packaging.

Abstract: A container includes a housing for containing an O2-generating composition. The housing includes a venting layer and a structural layer associated with the venting layer. The venting layer has a venting layer O2 passage rate and a venting layer surface area, while the structural layer has a structural layer O2 passage rate and a structural layer surface area. The venting layer O2 passage rate is greater than the structural layer O2 passage rate, and the structural layer surface area is less than the venting layer surface area. Alternatively, the structural layer may include a plurality of apertures and a patch associated with each aperture, instead of a venting layer. Each patch has a patch O2 passage rate and the total O2 passage rate of the container includes the sum of each patch O2 passage rate. The total O2 passage rate is at least about 0.2 L (m2 * 24 hours).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for packaging compact discs for portable storage. A walled enclosure is provided, the walled enclosure having a floor and a wall enclosing an extremity of the floor. A compact disc storage plate adaptable for holding a compact disc is also provided. The compact disc storage plate is pivotally mounted within the walled enclosure. The walled enclosure may have a floor with a floor recess adaptable for holding a first compact disc and a wall enclosing the extremity of the floor, the floor having hinge slots therethrough adjacent the wall. A compact disc storage plate may also be provided having a plate recess adaptable for holding a second compact disc and having hinge tabs at a plate end. The compact disc storage plate may then be pivotally mounted to the floor at the hinge slots by engaging the hinge tabs into the hinge slots.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a holding device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a golf tee holding device. This invention organises the golfers' tees in such a manner as to make the tees available for viewing on the golf bag and affords easy access without delay.

Abstract: A collapsible electronic equipment enclosure surrounds portable or tabletop electronic equipment, such as laptop computers, with opaque protective sheeting supported by flexible struts. An opening is provided that may include a transparent window and provision for hand entry to permit use of the contained equipment while it is protected from environmental hazards. Provision is made for equipment display visibility in bright sunshine and lighting. Restricting visibility of the equipment display enhances privacy. The enclosure collapses to store in a narrow space, is lightweight, and can be used to transport the contained equipment either by a carry handle or as a backpack. The enclosure can be anchored to a tabletop for motion protection. It can also be locked closed and the contained equipment fastened by a security cable and lock to provide theft and tamper protection for the contained equipment and the enclosure when unattended.

Abstract: A magazine strip for carrying fastening elements (1) including two opposite side walls (2) projecting from rear wall (3), extending parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction (L) of the magazine strip, and forming together a space (4) for receiving the fastening elements (1) at least along a portion of a longitudinal extent (a) of the fastening elements, and a loss-preventing element (7) for preventing the fastening elements from falling out in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the magazine strip and having a spring element acting in a direction transverse to a longitudinal extent of the side walls (2) and narrowing at least partially an inner width of the receiving space (4).

Abstract: A magazine strip for holding fasteners (1) comprising two opposing side walls (2) running approximately parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction (L) and projecting from a rear wall (3) to form a receiving space and having open end zones (4). The receiving space receives the fasteners (1) at least in part by their longitudinal extent and a loss prevention means (7) prevents unintentional escape of the fasteners (1). The loss prevention means (7) is formed by a constriction (8) of the receiving space extending vertical to the rear wall (3).

Abstract: A packaging case which can store a plurality of stored items, enables the stored items to be individually removed, and prevents the occurrence of formation failures. First broken cut lines (perforations) extend from a first flat plate (a side plate) over one flat plate (side plate) neighboring the first flat plate (side plate), and form openings through which the stored items (cartridge containers) can be taken out individually. A second broken cut line (perforation) is formed at a joining portion between the first flat plate (side plate) and the one flat plate (side plate) neighboring the first flat plate (side plate).

Abstract: A tissue container is disclosed. The tissue container may be shaped to fit within a cup holder of a vehicle. The tissue container may be shaped like a beverage container, coffee cup, mug or soda can. The container may include a removable top portion, permitting tissues to be accessed through the top.

Abstract: An improved beverage container package is disclosed comprising a longitudinal decanter body sectioned transversely into mating upper and lower body sections and assembled to contain a beverage within a common chamber formed by the upper and lower body sections. The upper body section is axially symmetric and formed having openings at both the top and base thereof. The lower body section is similarly symmetric about a central axis and closed at its base with the top end of the lower body section being open to accept and engage the base opening of the upper body section further fitted with an intermediate sealing member to provide a fluid-tight sealed engagement between the sections. A crown member formed to engage the opening at the top of the upper body section is similarly fitted with a respective sealing member to secure its engagement and provide a closed chamber for the beverage within the assembled decanter body.

Abstract: A collapsible insert for a carton for a product having a collapsible protruding member has a central panel with columnar channels formed at either end. The channels conform to the shape of the carton corners. The vertical columns have notched regions for receiving a product having a collapsible protruding member extending from the base thereof, such as a lawn mower deck and handle. The hollow columns provide spaces for articles to be packaged with the product. The central panel has a handhold opening to reinforce the carton handhold. The central panel's handhold opening is also reinforced.

Abstract: A tray for packaging a plurality of individual servings. The tray has a plurality of cups arranged in a two-dimensional array of cups joined at their abutting rims. A cover sheet extends over and is sealed to the rims. Weakened lines of separation, such as a series of perforations, between the cups facilitate manual separation of individual cups from the remainder of the tray with the need for tools.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for thermosetting pitch fibers in reduced times, at low concentrations of oxygen and at higher temperatures than previously possible. Additionally, the present invention provides a pitch fiber which has an oxygen diffusion rate to the center of the fiber which is competitive with the rate of oxidation at the fiber's surface. Further, the present invention provides a high density pitch fiber batt which thermosets without loss of fiber structure.

Abstract: Process for catalytic conversion in the presence of hydrogen with regeneration of the catalyst that comprises a stage for reduction of said catalyst by the hydrogen that is obtained from the catalytic conversion stage, whereby this hydrogen is purified in advance of impurities that it contains by running it over adsorbent masses, whereby said adsorbent masses are regenerated by an increase in temperature that is provided by the effluent from the reduction stage of the catalyst. Application to the processes for regenerative reforming or dehydrogenation of paraffins and naphthenes and most generally to any moving-bed process that operates in the presence of hydrogen.

Abstract: Sour natural gas is processed to remove the sulfur compounds and recover C4+/C5+ hydrocarbons by scrubbing the gas with an amine solution to remove most of the sulfur, followed cooling the gas to remove C4+/C5+ hydrocarbons and more sulfur compounds as liquid condensate to produce a gas having less than 20 vppm of total sulfur. The condensate is sent to a fractionator to recover the C4+/C5+ hydrocarbons. The sulfur and hydrocarbon reduced gas is contacted first with zinc oxide and then nickel, to produce a gas having less than 10 vppb of total sulfur which is passed into a synthesis gas generating unit to form a very low sulfur synthesis gas comprising a mixture of H2 and CO. This synthesis gas is useful for hydrocarbon synthesis with increased life of the hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and greater hydrocarbon production from the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor. Contacting the synthesis gas with zinc oxide further reduces the sulfur content to below 3 vppb.

Abstract: A process to regenerate a spent hydrogen sulfide sorbent comprised of a sorbent metal selected from Fe, Ni, Co, and Cu on a refractory oxide support using hydrogen gas. The sorbent metal component may be mono- or multi-metallic in nature, and preferably comprise Ni and/or Co. If desired, secondary metals may be incorporated to increase regeneration efficiency and/or capacity. Other additives suppress hydrocarbon cracking.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks wherein said hydrocarbon feedstocks are contacted, at hydroprocessing conditions, with a catalyst composition comprising at least one Group VIII non-noble metal component and at least two Group VIB metal components. The catalyst composition further comprises at least about 0.01 mole of an organic oxygen-containing additive per mole of the total of Group VIB metals and Group VIII non-noble metals present in the catalyst composition. The total of the Group VIII and Group VIB metal components, calculated as oxides, make up at least about 50 wt. % of the catalyst composition, calculated on dry weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing waste, in particular for utilising the recyclable material contained in waste, and a waste processing plant, in particular a plant processing waste fractions suitable for recycling of material. At first, the waste is pre-treated for removing undesirable matter. Fibre waste is separated from the other waste and processed into a raw material for paper or board. Plastics-containing matter is separated and processed into plastic oil by pyrolysis. The by-products from the processes and the waste fraction which remains of the processing are used as energy for the needs of the processes. The method can additionally comprise a stage in which waste wood is separated from the other waste and processed into a raw material for particleboard or equivalent.

Abstract: A vibratory screening machine having a single vibratory motor mounted on its inner resiliently mounted frame by motor mounting structures at its ends, each motor mounting structure consisting of a combination of a fist bracket carrying a directionally stiff bushing with the fist bracket being mounted in a motor mount bracket with the fist bracket having a first cutaway portion positioned within a second cutaway portion in a rib on the base of the motor mount bracket. The directional stiffness of each bushing is aligned with the center of rotation of the vibratory motor, and this will produce linear motion when the unbalance of the vibratory motor is in line with the center of rotation of the motor and the direction of the directional stiffness of the bushings.

Abstract: A device for de-dusting a particle flow associated with a unit for dense loads supplying said particles and for removing dust in an enclosure in a generally downward direction, characterized in that it comprises:

Abstract: A fluid filter assembly having a relief valve for visually indicating the life of a filter element. The fluid filter assembly of the present invention provides a vertical, transparent housing having a fluid inlet for communicating a fluid into the housing and a fluid outlet for communicating fluid downstream of said housing. A filter element is disposed within the housing between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet for filtering the fluid. In the preferred embodiment, a frusto-conical divider is connected to the top of the filter element and extends downward adjacent a bottom portion of the filter element wherein the fluid from the inlet rises between the filter element and the inside of the divider and between the outside of the divider and an inside surface of the housing. A relief valve is provided in the top of the filter element and is in communication with the unfiltered and filtered side of the filter element.

Abstract: A filter assembly (10) for guttering down pipe (12) comprising a hollow body (13) having an internal base (24) and a conical filter (14) located within the body above the base and through which all the water must pass. The body (12) having a pair of opposed couplings (18, 21) for connection into a down pipe (12) and the filter (14) is arranged with its apex directed upwardly in use.

Abstract: A back flushable filter comprising a body (15), a raw feed inlet (1), a filtrate product outlet (14), a back flush media inlet (12) and a back flush waste outlet (2). A a filtration element (7) is used which provides filtration when in a compressed, sealed state and can be back flushed clean when released in a loosened state. During filtration, raw feed water passes through an inlet port (3), impacts upon and exits radially with swirl from a centrifugal impact impeller (5) mounted in conjunction with the upstream side of the filter element sealing plunger (6). The swirling raw feed water passes adjacent to and then into and through the filtration element (7). The filtrate then exits the internal filtrate sector of the filtration element (7) via the filtrate port (11) past the open filtrate valve (21), into the filtrate plenum (16) and is discharged via the filtrate outlet (14).

Abstract: A two-stage, retrofit filter is adapted for use with an electrical discharge machine (EDM) includes nested inner and outer filtering elements that may be placed as a unit in the same tank and over the apertured standpipe used for a one-stage filter, such that the fluid to be filtered now flows through each of the multiple filter elements. The retrofit EDM filter may be configured for flow in either direction, though the usual arrangement is one whereby the fluid being filtered flows up through the bottom of the tank, out the apertured standpipe, and into the inner filter element. Preferably, the filter elements are cylindrical, pleated elements composed of a technical grade filter paper. In the preferred embodiment, a pressure-operated release valve is provided in conjunction with the inner filter, such that when a predetermined pressure is reached due to the entrapment of contaminants by the inner filter, the valve opens to allow the fluid to be filtered to flow through the outer filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus enabling water-conditioning processes to be performed using a heater initially equipped with an aquarium tank for the purpose of supplying heat. Instead of allowing heat to propagate globally, reactor housing is introduced in the tank enclosing the heater so as to form a localized hot zone. The temperatures of the hot zone are maintained at high degrees sufficient to initiate various water-conditioning processes with efficiency, including alga control, ammonia control, water-hardness control, and sterilization. The construction of the reactor housing is simple and inexpensive, and its geometry is compatible to a heater which can be purchased commercially. In short, multiple functions are added to a heater installed in an aquarium, performing water-conditioning processes in addition to the basic task of supplying heat, allowing water quality of the aquarium to be improved and maintained.

Abstract: The invention concerns a filter comprising a vessel (2) sealingly closed with a lid, the vessel containing at least a basket (4) housing filtering components (5) and including an upper wall (9) supported sealed in the central part of the lid (3) and enabling communication with said central part which contains a pump (16) circulating water, the water being brought through the lid by a pipe (13) passing therethrough, descending into the vessel outside the basket, penetrating therein through its base, passing through the basket (4) from down upwards passing over the filtering components (5) and emerging from the basket at the top and into the central part thereof to be sucked up by the pump (16) and delivered into the pipe (18) passing through the lid towards the delivery conduit towards the tank, including means (25, 26, 27, 28, 29) automatically evacuating air on the side delivering water.

Abstract: A filter assembly includes a filter cap having a filter chamber defined therein. The filter cap includes a side wall having an opening defined therein. A fluid filter is positioned in the filter chamber. A spring-loaded detent button is movably secured to the filter cap and extends into the filter chamber. When the detent button is depressed by a user, the end of the detent button positioned in the filter chamber contacts the fluid filter thereby releasing the fluid filter from the filter cap. An associated method for replacing a fluid filter is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tank for use in connection with a reverse osmosis water purification system includes a first portion of quick connect/disconnect fitting, preferably of the type known as John Guest. A complimentary second portion of the quick connect/disconnect fitting mates with the fitting first portion to permit quick flow connection and disconnection to the tank with, and through, the fitting. The tank-mounted first portion of the quick connect/disconnect fitting is preferably a simple upstanding tube having a circumferential channel; making that the complimentary second portion of the quick connect/disconnect fitting mates with this first portion by selectively compressibly grasping the circumferential channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a WTS closure assembly that is easily and quickly secured to and removed from the filter chamber of a WTS. The closure assembly of the present invention provides a bail handle attached to the closure and which utilizes a mechanical advantage, preferably in the form of a pivoting handle which presses a plurality of cams onto the WTS housing, thereby breaking a seal between the closure assembly and the WTS filter chamber, and lifting the closure away from the filter chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanically stable, porous shaped activated carbon article having a first three-dimensional framework structure based on carbonized resin, a second three-dimensional inorganic framework structure comprising ceramic material and/or baked refractory material, and binding agent, as well as activated carbon particles, in which the first and second framework structures penetrate each other at least partially and the activated carbon particles are fixed to the framework structures. The invention also relates to a process for the production of such a shaped activated carbon article and to the use thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to filtration cassettes, and, more particularly to methods of fabricating cross-flow filtration cassettes. Cassettes of the invention are characterized, in part, by an internal porting (e.g., manifolding) feature which eliminates the need for a separate step to seal individual components prior to assembly of the filtration cassette. Filtration cassettes of the present invention can be manufactured from conventional membrane and flow screen components and can utilize both injection molding and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding fabrication processes.

Abstract: A screening device which is particularly useful for separating solids from liquids when sewerage systems overflow. The device includes an inner apertured chamber and an internal brush arrangement for sweeping over the apertures to prevent clogging. A spray enables the apertured chamber to be washed after use.

Abstract: The invention described herein is drawn to a hollow cylindrical filter for use with a suction canister comprising a first portion having an open end and a first wall thickness, a second portion having a closed end and second wall thickness less than said first wall thickness, and an elongate central chamber having a substantially uniform diameter along its length. The filter is composed of a composite material comprising a porous plastic material and material adapted to increase the viscosity of a liquid coming into contact therewith. The filter is constructed to accommodate the changes associated with air flow velocity and shear force across the filter material as the fluid level in the canister rises, and automatically shuts off the vacuum to the interior environment of the suction canister.