Abstract: In the field of mass spectrometry, a method and apparatus for fragmenting ions with a relatively high degree of resolution. The technique includes trapping the ions in an ion trap, preferably a linear ion trap, in which the background or neutral gas pressure is preferably on the order of 10−5 Torr. The trapped ions are resonantly excited for a relatively extended period of time, e.g., exceeding 50 ms, at relatively low excitation levels, e.g., less than 1V(0−pk). The technique allows selective dissociation of ions with a discrimination of at least about 1 m/z at a practical fragmentation efficiencies. Apparatus and related methods are also disclosed for obtaining MS, MS2, MS3 and MSn spectrums at relatively high resolutions using the low pressure fragmentation technique.

Abstract: An ion source for use in mass spectrometry, and particularly an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source, comprises a chamber having a central axis, a sample conduit that includes a sample outlet communicating with the chamber, an ionizing device disposed downstream from the sample conduit, and a gas conduit that includes a gas outlet communicating with the chamber. The gas conduit defines a flow path directed into the chamber. The flow path includes a velocity component that is tangential with respect to the central axis of the chamber. The gas so directed into the chamber establishes a vortex gas flow therein, forcing the sample emitted from the sample outlet to flow toward the heated wall of the chamber. Vaporization of the sample prior to ionization is consequently improved.

Abstract: Ions for analysis are formed from a liquid sample comprising an analyte in a solvent liquid by directing the liquid sample through a capillary tube having a free end so as to form a first flow comprising a spray of droplets of the liquid sample, to promote vaporization of the solvent liquid. An orifice member is spaced from the free-end of the capillary tube and has an orifice therein. An electric field is generated between the free-end of the capillary and the orifice member, thereby causing the droplets to be charged, and the first flow is directed in a first direction along the axis of the capillary tube. Two gas sources, or an arc jet of gas, provide second and third flows, of a gas, and include heaters for heating the second and third flows.

Abstract: In the field of mass spectrometry, a method and apparatus for fragmenting ions with a relatively high degree of resolution and efficiency. The technique includes trapping the ions in a linear ion trap, in which the background or neutral gas pressure is preferably on the order of 10−5 Torr. The trapped ions are resonantly excited for a relatively extended period of time, e.g., exceeding 50 ms, at relatively low excitation levels, e.g., less than 1 Volt(0-pk). The technique allows selective dissociation of ions with a high discrimination. High fragmentation efficiency may be achieved by superimposing a higher order multipole field onto the quadrupolar RF field used to trap the ions. The multipole field, preferably an octopole field, dampens the radial oscillatory motion of resonantly excited ions at the periphery of the trap. This reduces the probability that ions will eject radially from the trap thus increasing the probability of collision induced dissociation.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are newly provided in a scanning electron microscope with an in-lens system a first low-magnification mode that sets the current of the object lens to be zero or in a weak excitation state, and a second low-magnification mode that sets the current of the object lens to be a value that changes in proportion to the square root of the accelerating voltage. The scanning electron microscope has a configuration wherein normal sample image (secondary electron image) observation is performed in the first low-magnification mode, and it switches the first low-magnification mode to the second low-magnification mode when X-ray analysis is performed. As a result, both sample image (secondary electron image) observation and X-ray analysis can be performed in low-magnification mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor array for image recognition, comprising several optical sensor elements (R, G, B) of a first type that are disposed in the shape of a grid and react to light in the visible wavelength range, wherein additional sensor elements (IR) of a second type are provided in addition to the sensor elements (R, G, B) of the first type, which react to light in the invisible wavelength range.

Abstract: A rotating ceptor 20 provided inside a detector portion 10 includes nine shield plates S1 to S9 disposed in parallel to each other in between adjacent detector rings R, acts as a collimator, and allows only those photon pairs that have traveled approximately parallel to a slice plane to be made incident upon photon detectors D located behind the rotating ceptor 20. Each of the shield plates S is not formed annularly, and provided near the measurement field of view 1 of part of N photon detectors D that constitute each of the detector rings R. The rotating ceptor 20 is rotatable about its center axis. Each of the shield plates S is provided with bar-shaped radiation source insertion holes 20a and 20b for allowing a bar-shaped positron emission radiation source 3 to be inserted therein and supported thereby.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a top gate thin film transistor (TFT) including a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer, wherein the second dielectric layer is extending over a surface of the first dielectric layer. The radiation detector also includes a capacitor that includes at least two electrodes and a dielectric layer. The capacitor dielectric layer is formed unitarily with the TFT second dielectric layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating EUV radiation. Laser pulses are directed onto photoelectric transducer means (10), which generate pulses of electrically charged particles (6) as a result of the action of the laser pulses. The electrically charged particles are accelerated in an electric field and directed onto a target (4), in such a way that the target generates a plasma, which emits EUV radiation, as a result of the action of the electrically charged particles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the transmission of vibrations within a caster system that supports a stage apparatus with a reaction frame are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a caster system that support portions of a stage apparatus which has a reaction frame and a stage assembly includes a first caster component and at least a second caster component. The first caster component supports the stage assembly, while the second caster component supports the reaction frame and is vibrationally separated from the first caster component. The second caster component may be physically coupled to the first caster component to enable the first caster component, the second caster component, the reaction frame, and the stage assembly to be moved as a substantially single unit.

Abstract: A method of detecting a non-fixed object in a system (12) includes applying a light emitting or generating substance to multiple objects. The objects are illuminated with an object illuminator (13). At least one of the objects (10) is determined to be a nonmember within a known pattern of objects and is identified to be a non-fixed object in response to illumination of the objects.

Abstract: Needle-shaped CsBr:Eu2+ storage phosphor crystal particles in form of a cylinder suitable for use in flat storage phosphor panels have been provided, wherein said particles have an average cross-section in the range from 1 &mgr;m up to 30 &mgr;m and an average length, measured along the casing of said cylinder, in the range from 100 &mgr;m up to 1000 &mgr;M.

Abstract: An electron beam exposure apparatus for exposing a wafer with a plurality of electron beams has a multi-axis that includes: a plurality of magnetic conductive member arranged to be substantially parallel to each other, the magnetic conductive members having a plurality of openings; and a non-magnetic conductive member provided between the magnetic conductive members, the non-magnetic conductive member having a plurality of through holes. The openings of the magnetic conductive members and the through holes of the non-magnetic conductive members form together a plurality of lens openings operable to converge the electron beams independently of each other by allowing the electron beams to pass therethrough, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-precision and high-speed electron beam exposure technique which corrects the position of each beam in a multi-beam exposure method without using a deflection array and a huge and high-precision driving circuit. In an electron beam exposure method for forming a desired pattern onto a specimen by independently controlling emission and scanning of a plurality of electron beams, a deviation between a pattern formed by each of the plurality of electron beams and the desired pattern is controlled by shifting the position of pattern data of the pattern formed by each of the plurality of electron beams.

Abstract: A compact portable transport unit for shipping hyperpolarized noble gases and shielding same from electromagnetic interference and/or external magnetic fields includes a means for shifting the resonance frequency of the hyperpolarized gas outside the bandwidth of typical frequencies associated with prevalent time-dependent fields produced by electrical sources. Preferably the transport unit includes a magnetic holding field which is generated from a solenoid in the transport unit. The solenoid includes a plurality of coil segments and is sized and configured to receive the gas chamber of a container. The gas container is configured with a valve, a spherical body, and an extending capillary stem between the valve and the body. The gas container or hyperpolarized product container can also be formed as a resilient bag.

Abstract: The method according to the present invention for manufacturing a magnet coil for a valve is characterized in that first a metal base element (2) of the valve is made available, then an electrically insulating winding support (50) is mounted on the outer wall of the base element (2), and lastly a winding (4) of the magnet coil (1) is introduced into the winding support (50).

Abstract: A valve actuator is provided in which a complementary set of pinions, each driven by a pair of racks, are located on opposite sides of the valve to be actuated. The racks are part of an annular bearing assembly and are coupled to one another through a hydraulic cylinder or some other displacement device. A pinion retaining shield is provided to shield the racks and pinions and prevents parts of the valve actuator from being thrown in operation. The piston retaining shield may include a maintenance aperture for installing or repairing a pinion and a second aperture for viewing the rotation of the pinion. The bearing assemblies each include a bearing housing and a bearing retainer ring that cooperate to shield the bearing assembly.

Abstract: A pourable composition for use in gas fireplaces that, when heated to an effective temperature, produces an audible crackling sound and emits the scents of a wood fire. This composition is intended to introduce the pleasant sounds and scents of the wood fire experience to a gas fireplace. The composition is comprised of various edible items, such as seeds and non-edible items such as pumice, volcanic ash, and calcareous sand. A liquid oil component acts as a binder. When placed in a ceramic receptacle, and heated, a tablespoon amount of the composition produces audible crackling sounds for between 30-120 minutes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a composition for chemical mechanical polishing of a metal layer at a high rate, which includes at least an oxidizing agent, a polishing promoter, an organic diproticic acid and deionized water. The polishing composition of the present invention can be applied alone or with an abrasive, and effectively improves the planarity of metal layers polished at high rates.

Abstract: A dissolved oxygen releasing compound is disclosed utilizing magnesium peroxide blended with powdered Bentonite and/or vegetable oil. The Bentonite (or other clay material) reduces the hydraulic conductivity of magnesium peroxide, thereby reducing the rate of magnesium peroxide disassociation.

Abstract: Ammonia can be stored and recovered by a process which includes the steps of:

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds of formula (I) wherein Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, X1, X2, X3 and X4 have the meaning given in claim 1, to liquid crystalline mixtures comprising at least one chiral compound of formula (I), to chiral linear or crosslinked liquid crystalline polymers obtainable by polymerizing a polymerizable mixture comprising at least one chiral compound of formula (I) to the use of chiral compounds of formula (I) and mixtures and polymers obtained thereof in liquid crystal displays, active and passive optical elements, adhesives, synthetic resins with anisotropic mechanical properties, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compostions, diagnostics, liquid crystal pigments, for decorative and security applications, nonlinear optics, optical information storage or as chiral dopants, and to a liquid crystal display comprising a mixture comprising at least one chiral compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A fluorescent material comprising an associate of a cyclic phenol sulfide selected from thiacarixarene, sulfinylated thiacarixarene and sulfonylated thiacarixarene represented by formula (1): 1

Abstract: Fluorescent maleimides of the formula I 1

Abstract: Stablizing mixtures for organic polymers comprising: (a) at least one compound belonging to the group of 3-pyrazolidinones; (b) at least one compound belonging to the group of organic phosphites or phosphonites; (c) at least one compound belonging to the group of sterically hindered phenols; and, optionally, (d) at least one compound belonging to the group of sterically hindered amines. The above mixtures can be used as stabilizers of organic polymers to degradation caused by oxygen, heat and/or light.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), methods of making and method of using (including optical compositions and devices) are provided.

Abstract: A centering device for a platform lift which includes a lifting mechanism for moving objects from a first to a second height. The lift mechanism has a base, at least a first and a second set of legs, and a platform. The first and second sets of legs each have first opposite ends pivotally secured to the base and the platform, respectively, and second opposite ends provide with traveling members to cooperate with the platform and base, respectively. The platform has a lower portion including a rail upon which the traveling members of the first set of legs traverse. Between the ends of each of the first set of legs, having the traveling members, and the rail, a centering device is disposed to provide alignment of the traveling members and the rails.

Abstract: A cable lasher is provided for securing a utility cable, such as a telephone or transmission cable, to a support strand strung in the air between adjacent utility poles. The lasher is pulled forwardly along the support strand and releases lashing wire from a drum at the rear of the lasher. The lasher has a pair of drive wheels that rotate on the support strand. The drive wheels translate linear motion of the lasher into rotational motion of the drum as the lasher moves forwardly. Lashing wire is released from the rotating drum and helically wrapped around the cable and the strand. Tension in the lashed wire is maintained by an adjustable latch assembly which prevents the lasher from moving rearwardly to unwind the wire.

Abstract: A tensioning device for a cable inserted through a flexible tube, in which the flexible tube is fixed at one end to a stationary member, and the cable is connected to a movable member relative to the stationary member. The tensioning device includes a socket fixed to the stationary member, a plug provided on the other end of the flexible tube, a resilient member and locking means. The socket has a space therein. In the space, the plug supports the flexible tube so as to be movable in an axial direction of the cable, and the resilient member presses the plug toward the end of the space of the socket. The locking means fastens the plug in a position where the resilient member is compressed.

Abstract: A human power amplifier includes an end-effector that is grasped by a human operator and applied to a load. The end-effector is suspended, via a line, from a take-up pulley, winch, or drum that is driven by an actuator to lift or lower the load. The end-effector includes a force sensor that measures the vertical force imposed on the end-effector by the operator and delivers a signal to a controller. The controller and actuator are structured in such a way that a predetermined percentage of the force necessary to lift or lower the load is applied by the actuator, with the remaining force being supplied by the operator. The load thus feels lighter to the operator, but the operator does not lose the sense of lifting against both the gravitation and inertial forces originating in the load.

Abstract: A concrete fencing system uses a pair of end posts to support a pair of rails, which support a plurality of panels. The end posts and rails have rectangular cross-sections. Each end post has a blind hole and a notch, and each rail has a longitudinal slot. One section of the fencing system is constructed by setting a pair of the end posts in the ground. A lower rail is mounted between the lower ends of the end posts in their blind holes with its slot facing upward. An upper rail is mounted between the upper ends of the end posts in their notches with its slot facing downward. A set of the panels are placed between the end posts and seated in the slots of the rails to form a wall. No additional mechanical fasteners are required to join any of these components.

Abstract: A rectangular sheet of flexible and resilient material such as plastic with notches at the midpoint of its sides. The size of the sheet and notches allow the insert to be placed into and located by a cell of a chain link fence. Notches fit around the wire crossovers of the chain link fence and locate the insert at the mid-plane of the fence. The corners of the insert extend into adjoining cells. Adjoining inserts overlap to provide complete visual privacy. The tile-like nature of the inserts allows great flexibility in arrangements and colors to provide visual privacy, decoration, words, logos, or signage.

Abstract: A low heat loss and small contact area electrode structure for a phase change media memory device is disclosed. The memory device includes a composite electrode that includes a dielectric mandrel that is connected with a substrate and having a tapered shape that terminates at a vertex. An electrically conductive material conformally covers the dielectric mandrel and terminates at a tip. A first dielectric layer covers all of the composite electrode except an exposed portion of the composite electrode that is adjacent to the tip. A phase change media is in contact with the exposed portion. The exposed portion is only a small percentage of an overall surface area of the composite electrode so that a contact footprint between the exposed portion and the phase change media is small relative to a surface area of the phase change media and Joule heat transfer from the phase change media into the composite electrode is reduced.

Abstract: A package structure of light-emitting diode with an electrostatic protective diode is disclosed. The structure comprises a light-emitting diode, an electrostatic protective diode, an electrical & heat conductive pad, and an electrical & heat conductive base substrate. The light-emitting diode is flipped and with its p-electrode and n-electrode, respectively, mounted on the n-electrode of the electrostatic protective diode and the electrical & heat conductive pad by conductive bumps. The latter two are separated themselves by a gap or an insulation layer and both of them are mounted on and electrically connected to the electrical & heat conductive base substrate. The structure is then through a bonding wire bonding to a bonding pad and the electrical & heat conductive base substrate, respectively, connected to a positive and a negative terminal of a DC power to implement the electrical connection.

Abstract: Nanowire devices are provided based on carbon nanotubes or single-crystal semiconductor nanowires. The nanowire devices may be formed on a silicon substrate or other suitable substrate. Electrodes may be patterned on the substrate. Catalyst sites may be formed on the electrodes prior to nanowire growth. Chemical vapor deposition techniques may be used to grow the nanowires at the catalyst sites. A material such as an insulator may be formed on the nanowires following nanowire growth. The insulator may be planarized using chemical-mechanical polishing or other suitable techniques. The resulting nanowire device may be used in chemical or biological sensors, as a field emitter for displays, or for other applications.

Abstract: Quantum nanowires are produced in a medium comprising ions, dopants and free electrons, wherein the free electrons are solvated by complexes of ions and dopants. Electrical conductivity of the quantum nanowires can be higher than for conventional metal conductors. Quantum nanowires can be prepared in linear or circular form, and can be used to manufacture electrical components including transistors, sensors, motors and other nanoscale passive or active devices. Nanoscale devices can be made in liquid, semisolid, or solid media. Methods are provided for the manufacture of quantum nanowires and devices made therefrom. The devices can be used in the manufacture of computers, electronic circuits, biological implants and other products.

Abstract: The structure allows checking an integrated electronic device comprising an oxide layer to be measured located above a doped pocket of a wafer of doped semiconductor material and arranged adjacent to a gate region of polycrystalline semiconductor material. The structure is formed at a suitable point of the wafer and comprises an oxide test region of the same material, having the same thickness and the same electrical characteristics as the oxide layer to be measured and a polycrystalline region of the same material, having the same thickness and the same electrical characteristics as the gate region. The polycrystalline region extends preferably along the perimeter of a square and delimits laterally the oxide test region, the area of which is greater than the area of the oxide layer to be measured so as to allow non-destructive testing, on-line, of the oxide layer to be measured during an early stage of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: Inexpensive, unannealed glass is used as a substrate. The surface of a polycrystalline silicon film doped with boron (B) or phosphorus (P) is oxidized with ozone at a processing temperature of 500° C. or below to form a silicon oxide film of 4 to 20 nm thick on the surface of polycrystalline silicon. On account of this treatment, the level density at the interface between the gate-insulating layer and the channel layer can be made lower, and a thin-film transistor having less variations of characteristics can be formed on the unannealed glass substrate.

Abstract: A display device capable of keeping the luminance constant irrespective of temperature change is provided as well as a method of driving the display device. A current mirror circuit composed of transistors is placed in each pixel. A first transistor and a second transistor of the current mirror circuit are connected such that the drain current of the first transistor is kept in proportion to the drain current of the second transistor irrespective of the load resistance value. The drain current of the first transistor is controlled by a driving circuit in accordance with a video signal and the drain current of the second transistor is caused to flow into an OLED, thereby controlling the OLED drive current and the luminance of the OLED.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor element including: a semiconductor having an active layer; a gate insulating film which is in contact with the semiconductor; a gate electrode opposite to the active layer through the gate insulating film; a first nitride insulating film formed over the active layer; a photosensitive organic resin film formed on the first nitride insulating film; a second nitride insulating film formed on the photosensitive organic resin film; and a wiring provided on the second nitride insulating film, in which a first opening portion is provided in the photosensitive organic resin film, an inner wall surface of the first opening portion is covered with the second nitride insulating film, a second opening portion is provided in a laminate including the gate insulating film, the first nitride insulating film, and the second nitride insulating film inside the first opening portion, and the semiconductor is connected with the wiring through the first opening portion and the second opening portion.

Abstract: A method of silicon layer deposition using a cyclical deposition process. The cyclical deposition process comprises alternately adsorbing a silicon-containing precursor and a reducing gas on a substrate structure. Thin film transistors, such as for example a bottom-gate transistor or a top-gate transistor, including one or more silicon layers may, be formed using such cyclical deposition techniques.

Abstract: An image sensor that has one or more pixels within a pixel array. The pixel array may be coupled to a control circuit and one or more subtraction circuits. The control circuit may cause each pixel to provide a first reference output signal and a reset output signal. The control circuit may then cause each pixel to provide a light response output signal and a second reference output signal. The light response output signal corresponds to the image that is to be captured by the sensor. The subtraction circuit may provide a difference between the reset output signal and the first reference output signal to create a noise signal that is stored in memory. The subtraction circuit may also provide a difference between the second reference output signal and the light response output signal to create a normalized light response output signal. The noise signal may then be subtracted from the normalized light response output signal to generate the output data of the sensor.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor display device having an interlayer insulating film which can obtain planarity of a surface while controlling film formation time, can control treatment time of heating treatment with an object of removing moisture, and can prevent moisture in the interlayer insulating film from being discharged to a film or an electrode adjacent to the interlayer insulating film. An inorganic insulating film containing nitrogen, which is less likely to transmit moisture compared with an organic resin, is formed so as to cover a TFT. Next, an organic resin film containing photosensitive acrylic resin is applied to the organic insulting film, and the organic resin film is partially exposed to light to be opened. Thereafter, an inorganic insulting film containing nitrogen, which is less likely to transmit moisture compared with an organic resin, is formed so as to cover the opened organic resin film.

Abstract: An automatic backlight turns on before a user hits a key, but only in dark lighting conditions. A capacitive proximity sensor detects active handling of the device and the backlight itself is used as a light sensor. The circuit requires only a single additional capacitor and three free I/O pins to implement on typical microprocessor-based systems (such as remote controls). Because the system uses the current backlight LED as a sensor, devices can often be upgraded to include this feature without changing the existing packaging.

Abstract: A method of fabricating semiconductor devices, such as GaN LEDs, on insulating substrates, such as sapphire. Semiconductor layers are produced on the insulating substrate using normal techniques. Trenches that define the boundaries of the individual devices are formed through the semiconductor layers and into the insulating substrate, beneficially by inductive coupled plasma reactive ion etching. A first support structure is attached to the semiconductor layers. The hard substrate is then removed, beneficially by laser lift off. A second supporting structure, preferably conductive, is substituted for the hard substrate and the first supporting structure is removed. Individual devices are then diced, beneficially by etching through the second supporting structure. A protective photo-resist layer can protect the semiconductor layers from the attachment of the first support structure.

Abstract: To provide a package for an optical semiconductor having a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device in one package, in which a groove is provided between the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device to thereby avoid rays of light from the light-emitting device to directly enter the light-receiving device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique for manufacturing a low cost device that provides a true die to external fiber optic connection. Specifically, the present invention relates to several techniques for joining an optical device package to a semiconductor device package. The first technique involves using wirebond studs and an adhesive material, the second technique involves the use of an anisotropic conductive film, and the third technique involves the use of solder material. Each of these techniques provides high levels of thermal, electrical and optical performance. The methods apply to optical sub-assembly and chip sub-assembly interfaces in transceivers, transmitters, as well as receivers for opto-electronic packages.

Abstract: A method of fabricating semiconductor devices, such as GaN LEDs, on insulating substrates, such as sapphire. Semiconductor layers are produced on the insulating substrate using normal semiconductor processing techniques. Trenches that define the boundaries of the individual devices are then formed through the semiconductor layers and into the insulating substrate, beneficially by using inductive coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The trenches are then filled with an easily removed layer. A metal support structure is then formed on the semiconductor layers (such as by plating or by deposition) and the insulating substrate is removed. Electrical contacts, a passivation layer, and metallic pads are then added to the individual devices, and the individual devices are then diced out.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device having a high light emitting efficiency and a long light emission lifetime is provided that comprises a pair of electrodes provided on a substrate, and a light emitting layer comprising at least one layer of an organic substance provided between the electrodes, wherein the light emitting layer comprises a first organic substance and a second organic substance mainly concerning a light emission wavelength of the light emitting layer, and wherein the first organic substance comprises a fluorine-containing organic compound.

Abstract: A light emitting diode is disclosed which can enhance the scattering of light produced by a light emitting element to improve a brightness not only at an upper surface but also at side surfaces of a resin sealant covering the light emitting element, thereby providing a high brightness level in a wider range of angle.