Abstract: An improved light-emitting panel having a plurality of micro-components sandwiched between two substrates is disclosed. Each micro-component contains a gas or gas-mixture capable of ionization when a sufficiently large voltage is supplied across the micro-component via at least two electrodes.

Abstract: A drive circuit for light-emitting diode (LED) lighting apparatus is disclosed. The power circuit that drives multiple interconnected light-emitting diode basically is a switching power supply and comprises a pulse width control IC, a pulse transformer and an output conversion circuit. The drive circuit provides the operating voltage for multiple light-emitting diodes. The pulse width control IC takes the output current from the output conversion circuit as feedback control signal, such that when the output current from the output conversion circuit increases, the pulse width control IC corrects the pulse width on the output to cause a decrease in voltage output to control the current output and to extend the service life of light-emitting diode.

Abstract: An electronic ballast for controlling the operating behavior and brightness of a gas discharge lamp, includes a full bridge circuit fed with a d.c. voltage (UBUS). The gas discharge lamp is connected as a load of the full bridge circuit, and a control circuit in each case switches on one bridge diagonal and switches off another bridge diagonal of the full bridge circuit, alternatingly. The bridge diagonals each have a regulatable constant current source for regulating a lamp current, and thereby the occurrence of flickering appearances is suppressed. As a result, the lamp can be dimmed over a very wide range of brightnesses.

Abstract: A device which improves the starting of a high pressure discharge lamp containing a large amount of mercury, in which the amount of mercury adhering to the lamp electrodes is not the same, by shortening the formation time of the glow discharge in order to reduce the sputtering of the electrodes to a minimum. When the discharge lamp starts, an AC voltage with rectangular waves produced by the full bridge circuit is applied to the discharge lamp. Next, a high voltage pulse is superimposed and applied by an igniter device; the pulse is synchronized to the polarity of the above described AC voltage with rectangular waves. As a result, an alternating current discharge is started in the discharge lamp. Then, the ON/OFF state of the switching devices in the full bridge circuit is fixed and a direct current voltage is applied to the lamp. After a pre-selected time has expired after the transition into direct current operation, the full bridge circuit is operated such that rectangular alternating current waves form.

Abstract: To prevent lamp extinction during dead time of an inverter circuit of a full bridge system, to reduce delays of the rising time and the falling time of rectangular waves which have been output by the inverter circuit and to prevent formation of a phenomenon of momentary darkening of the radiant light, the discharge lamp is operated with an alternating current with rectangular waves which is produced by an inverter circuit of a full bridge system. When the inverter circuit of the full bridge system is driven a dead time is taken in which all switching devices are turned off. In the rear stage of the inverter circuit of the full bridge system, there is an inductance. The value of the inductance is fixed such that LL≧VL/IL·Td (VL being the luminous voltage of the discharge lamp, IL being the current and Td the dead time). Current can flow in the discharge lamp during the dead time by the energy stored in this inductance.

Abstract: An inverter for driving multiple discharge lamps. The inverter has a transformer for driving a first discharge lamp and a second discharge lamp. The inverter also includes a first balancing circuit connected in series with the first discharge lamp and a second balancing circuit connected in series with the second discharge lamp. According to a matching signal, the first and the second balancing circuits adjust a first lamp current through the first discharge lamp and a second lamp current through the second discharge lamp, respectively. A comparator is provided to receive a first sensing signal from the first balancing circuit and a second sensing signal from the second balancing circuit. Comparing the first sensing signal with the second sensing signal, the comparator generates the matching signal which controls the first and the second balancing circuits to equalize the first lamp current and the second lamp current.

Abstract: A vehicle lighting device uses a high-beam discharge lamp and a low-beam discharge lamp, and includes a DC/DC converter circuit, DC/AC converter circuit, starter circuits, and a control circuit for controlling the lighting of the discharge lamps by detecting voltage or current of each said arch discharge. When the high-beam discharge lamp is lit on in a state that the low-beam discharge lamp is lit off, the low-beam discharge lamp is lit on with some time delay to thereby reduce the number of lighting times and the lighting time. When one of the discharge lamps is lighting, the other of the discharge lamps is lit off, thereby reducing the number of lighting times and the lighting time of the other discharge lamp.

Abstract: An image display is operable with video signals having a plurality of scanning frequencies and comprises a cathode ray tube for the display of ones of the video signals. A deflection coil is mounted on the cathode ray tube and a horizontal deflection amplifier is coupled to the deflection coil and generates a deflection current therein. A plurality of retrace capacitors are controllably coupled to the horizontal deflection amplifier in response to a selected scanning frequency to maintain a substantially constant active picture display area with the ones of the video signals having the plurality of scanning frequencies.

Abstract: A brushless direct current motor drive circuit having a serially connected motor coil energizing circuit, a serially connected feedback circuit, a pre-drive circuit, a position sensor, and a duty ratio controller. This circuit can decrease the heat generation from the switching elements on the power source side, perform absorption of the current flowing back in the direction of the switching elements on the power source side when the duty ratio is set to less than 100% without using an electrolytic capacitor group that causes a shortening of the motor lifetime, and solve various problems caused by the use of an electrolytic capacitor group.

Abstract: A power-window control device is provided which is capable of inexpensively avoiding the occurrence of a failure, not to overlook in safety, due to a short-circuit (including current leak) at between adjacent ones of switch terminals. The switch terminals are arranged in a combination that the terminals having a possibility to cause a failure due to short-circuit are not in an adjacent relationship. Specifically, in the case of a configuration of FIG. 1, arrangement is made such that there is no adjacent relationship between the MU and the COMA, the MD and the COMA, the NC and the COMA, the NC and the NO, the NC and the COMS, the NO and the COMA, the NO and the COMS, and the COMA and the COMS, e.g. in an order of the COMS, MD, NO, AD, COMA, AU, NC and MU.

Abstract: In a sensorless brushless DC motor formed by a stator including a plurality of windings and a rotor including permanent magnet poles, inductances of the windings are detected while the rotor is stationary, and then, the angle of the stationary rotor is detected in accordance with the detected inductances.

Abstract: The invention concerns an equipment for cleaning a motor vehicle windshield comprising at least a light source (1), an opaque stain channel, an aqueous stain channel and at least an optical detector (2b) of ambient light, each stain channel comprising at least an optical detector (2) with independent photosensitive element, the source (1) and the optical detectors (2) being arranged on a support on the side of the inner surface (10a) of the windshield (10) to be cleaned. The optical detectors (2) are at a distance from the source (1) based on backscatter angles (C, D) of the opaque stains and reflection (A, B) of the aqueous stains. An electronic processing unit (4) comprising a multiplexing block (3) and a microcontroller (5), is coupled in input with the optical detector channels, and in output with a control unit (6) for the wiper and windshield washer of the surface (10b) to be cleaned.

Abstract: An actuator, operated by being supplied with electric power, needs an initial setting for performing a desired operation by recognizing its starting position. The initial setting is conducted when an abnormality occurs in a signal which represents an operation of the actuator. The initial setting is also conducted when a system for the actuator recognizes a fact that a battery is electrically disconnected in association with information denoting a condition of the battery in a memory.

Abstract: A power supply circuit, a charger, a charging control circuit, an information processing device and a battery pack are provided which is capable of decreasing electric current detection resistors at a charger side thereby to achieve improvements in the charging efficiency of a power supply circuit or the like as well as reduction in cost and size. A charging current flows in a current sensing resistor RS arranged in a battery pack 4A upon charging thereof. A charging control circuit 8A detects the charging current by detecting a voltage across opposite ends of the current sensing resistor RS, and controls the charging current by using the detection value thereof in such a manner that the charging current is in a prescribed range. As a result, the number of current detection resistors, which are employed in one closed circuit formed in a power supply circuit 1A upon charging, can be made one.

Abstract: A self-contained DC-self-charging power module of 12 to 36-volts that could be used to power land, marine, and air, crafts and also to build electrical power generators and HV/AC systems is disclosed. These modules could be connected in series and or parallel circuits in order to achieve a desired voltage and amperage, for almost any task.

Abstract: An electrically isolated combined power and signal coupler is usable for a portable medical monitoring device attachable to a patient in a medical environment. A power coupling system transfers power between a power source and a powered device separated by a physical and electrical isolation barrier. The system comprises a power coupler including in a first device, a first section of a magnetic circuit including a first core section of magnetically permeable material of cross-sectional area substantially larger at an isolation barrier interface than within a first winding located on the first core section. The first section of magnetic circuit being suitable, in a docking mode, for positioning adjacent to a second section of magnetic circuit in a second device to form a completed magnetic circuit used to transfer power between said first and second device.

Abstract: In a battery pack including a plurality of prismatic rechargeable batteries arranged in parallel with ventilation spaces being provided therebetween, the battery pack is constituted so that cooling air is downwardly sent from above the battery pack through the ventilation spaces. In accordance with a temperature detected with a temperature detection sensor attached to the lower end of the rechargeable battery, a blower fan is controlled by a control section. Moreover, a sensor placement concave, which is separated from a space inside a battery case through a thin partition wall, is provided on a bottom wall of the battery case of the rechargeable battery. The temperature detection sensor is placed in the sensor placement concave so as to be pressed against the partition wall.

Abstract: A battery charger provides remote or untethered charging of a rechargeable battery. The battery charger provides untethered charging either in situ within a battery-powered device or external to the device. The battery charger comprises a power converter and an energy storage device connected to the power converter. A battery charging system comprises the battery charger and independent electrical connection devices. One connection device connects the battery charger to an external energy source to acquire energy that is stored in the storage device. Another connection device connects the battery charger to a battery for charging. The connection devices are independent and battery charging is untethered in that the battery charger need not be connected to the external energy source while the battery charger charges the battery. A method of charging the battery comprises charging the battery with energy stored in a portable energy storage device.

Abstract: A power-on device for a circuit system. The power-on device detects voltage of batteries, whereby switching power is supplied accordingly. When battery voltage is too low to start the circuit system, an adaptor supplies the circuit system to start and display circuit system states. When battery voltage is high enough to start, the battery supplies the circuit system and is charged until full.

Abstract: A method, device and system is disclosed for rapidly and safely discharging remaining energy stored in an electrochemical battery 104 in the event of an internal short circuit or other fault. In its best mode of implementation, if a sensor 116 detects one or more parameters such as battery temperature 204 or pressure 206, exceeding a predetermined threshold value 334, the terminals 144 of the battery or cell are intentionally short-circuited external to the battery through a low or near zero resistance load 150 which rapidly drains energy from the battery 104. Heat generated by such rapid drain is absorbed by a heat absorbing material 151 such as an endothermic phase-change material like paraffin. The rate energy is drained via the external discharge load 150 may be controlled with an electronic circuit 136 responsive to factors such as state of charge and battery temperature.

Abstract: A step-down switching voltage regulator with a push-pull output stage is adapted to provide a voltage converter with an auxiliary voltage rail that supplies an auxiliary voltage that is higher than the input supply voltage. The push-pull output stage of the step-down voltage regulator is used to drive a charge pump voltage-doubler circuit. In this way, a single integrated topology provides a regulated low voltage output as well as an auxiliary high voltage output. The circuit topology enables a low component count resulting in lower component cost and smaller physical size.

Abstract: In a stabilized power supply unit having a current limiting function, the unit is designed to have a steep over-current dropping characteristic. This minimizes the over-current region, prevents oscillation during a startup, and limits inrush current during a start up within a predetermined range. The output voltage of the power supply unit provides a constant output voltage by controlling an output transistor by means of a differential amplifier amplifying the difference between a reference voltage and an output feedback voltage. The power supply unit has a first high-gain, slow-response type current limiting circuit that outputs a first current limiting signal when the output current of the power supply unit exceeds a predetermined level, and a second low-gain, quick-response type current limiting circuit that outputs a second current limiting signal when the outputs exceeds the predetermined level.

Abstract: A stabilized power supply unit having a current limiting function, comprising a detection transistor impressed with the same control voltage as the output transistor of the power supply unit, adapted to output a detection current which is exactly proportional to the output current, irrespective of the magnitude of the output current. The current detection transistor is controlled by the control voltage controlling the output transistor. A voltage correction unit is provided to control the voltage of the output end of the current detection transistor, equalizing the voltage with the output voltage. This arrangement provides a detection current exactly proportional to the output current.

Abstract: A method and a circuit to achieve a low drop-out voltage regulator with a wide output load range has been achieved. A fast loop is introduced in the circuit. The circuit is internally compensated and uses a capacitor to ensure that the internal pole is more dominant than the output pole as in standard Miller compensation. The quiescent current is set being proportional to the output load current. No explicit low power drive stage is required. The whole output range is covered by one output drive stage. By that means the total consumption of quiescent or wasted current is reduced. An excellent PSRR is achieved due to load dependent bias current.

Abstract: A circuit configuration provides an output voltage from an input voltage. The circuit configuration has a voltage regulator with an input terminal for receiving an input voltage, an output terminal for providing an output voltage, and drive input for receiving a drive signal. A drive circuit is coupled to the drive input and switches the voltage regulator on and off in a clocked manner according to a state signal.

Abstract: There is provided a switching power supply device of hysteresis current mode control system which assures excellent response characteristic for change of output current and reduction of power consumption. In a switching regulator of hysteresis current mode control system, a sense resistor connected in series to a coil is eliminated, a serially connected resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel to a coil in place of such sense resistor. Thereby, a potential of a connection node of these resistor and capacitor is inputted to a comparator circuit having the hysteresis characteristic for comparison with the reference voltage. Accordingly, a switch may be controlled for ON and OFF states.

Abstract: A device for angle measurement, having at least one transducer wheel (23, 24) and at least one sensor (121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126), including at least one sensor element and cooperating with the transducer wheel (23, 24), in which by means of the cooperation of the transducer wheel and the sensor, a pair, which can be associated with an angle to be measured, comprising one sine-wave signal and one cosine-wave signal can be obtained, in which at least two sensors (121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126) are provided, whose sine-wave signals and cosine-wave signals, for obtaining an averaged sine-wave signal and averaged cosine-wave signal, and/or after the formation of an arc tangent signal from the respective averaged or unaveraged sine-wave signals or cosine-wave signals, can be put computationally into relation with one another by means of an evaluation device (20) in order to obtain an averaged arc tangent signal.

Abstract: ? The inductive position sensor includes a scale (10) with a series of conductive loops spaced out by a pitch T and a cursor (20) provided with conductors forming each a series of alternating hairpin turns spaced out by a pitch T, the inducing (21 to 23; 42, 44) and induced (31 to 33; 41, 43) cursor conductors are laid out in two separate interlaced conductor groups, coupling between inducing and induced conductors of the second group taking place only via the scale loops. Such a sensor is simple, robust, accurate, insensitive to external electromagnetic fields and tolerant of misalignment between cursor and scale.

Abstract: A non-contacting position sensor detects relative displacement between two objects. A magnetic flux source is provided by a plurality of discrete magnets selectively determined to produce a highly configurable flux source that is easily adapted to rotary or rectilinear displacement. The interaction of the individual flux fields generated by the discrete magnets is controlled to produce both linear and non-linear relationships with respect to changes in displacement. A flux-gathering pole piece is dimensionally optimized to integrate the plurality of individual flux fields directed to a magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A sliding seat position detection system includes a sensor provided on a seat that can slide on a floor of a vehicle, and a magnetic shielding member provided on the floor. The detection system detects that the seat is at a front end position when the shielding member provides a shield between a permanent magnet and a magnetism detection part of the sensor. A non-magnetic cover member is attached to the shielding member. When the seat is at a position other than the front end position, the cover member is positioned between the permanent magnet and the magnetism detection part of the sensor, thereby preventing erroneous detection due to magnetic foreign matter and other magnetic substances caught in or attached to the sensor.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for the improved throughput and increased reliability for inspection of critical surfaces on aircraft engine disks. Eddy current sensor arrays allow two-dimensional images to be generated for detection of cracks in regions with fretting damage. Background variations due to fretting damage and stress variations are also accommodated. These arrays are combined with instrumentation that permits parallel data acquisition for each sensing element and rapid inspection rates. Inflatable support structures behind the sensor array improve sensor durability and reduce fixturing requirements for the inspection.

Abstract: A method of generating MRI signals with fat suppressed steady state free precession (SSFP) contrast without requiring any additional scan time over standard SSFP procedures and with comparable signal to noise ratio (SNR) to other techniques. Oscillating steady state free precession is employed to achieve the fat suppressed MRI signals. In the oscillating steady state sequence, a pattern of tips and precession is repeated every Ntips repetition time in order to produce useful contrasts. In a described embodiment, a specific oscillating sequence has four tips in a repetition interval with four steady states being produced. With equal precession in each repetition time, the sequence of complex tips can be determined by an inverse Shinnar-LeRoux (SLR) transform.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intraluminal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe which may be used for intraluminal MRI. The present invention is sized sufficiently small to be inserted into a patient intraluminally. The probe of the present invention comprises a substrate having a dielectric constant in the range of 1-1000, and first and second conducting layers on each side of the dielectric. The present invention is configured to result in a distributed capacitance.

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy probe has a sample cell into and out of which a room temperature liquid sample may be directed. The cell is surrounded by a radio frequency coil that is used to perform NMR measurements of the liquid sample, and which is maintained at cryogenic temperatures. The coil is separated from the sample cell by a thermally insulative boundary, such as a vacuum. The sample may enter the cell through an input path, and may exit through an output path. The input path, output path and sample cell may be surrounded by a sheath through which flows room temperature gas. The ends of the sample cell may be tapered to promote thorough flow through the cell, and flow diverters may be included in the sample cell adjacent to the input and output paths to force flow to the outer wall of the sample cell.

Abstract: Cathodic protection voltages are used to resist the damage to pipes or cables from electrolytic effects. However, localised fields can lead to stray currents and may result in corrosion and it is therefore desirable to detect and analyse those stray currents. Frequently there are several pipes in the area of interest and so it is necessary to distinguish between those pipes. Therefore the cathodic voltage on the pipes is modulated, with different pipes having different modulations. This modulation may be applied using an interrupter. Orthogonal modulations with non-unitary aspect ratios improve the discrimination between the pipes whilst maximising the energy content of the modulation pattern. The analysis is improved when the interrupters are synchronised with each other and so repeating on the same time-base. This synchronisation may be achieved using an external time signal such as GPS. An interrupter which can be used in this regard is also proposed, and may be powered from the cathodic voltage itself.

Abstract: The present invention is for a precision grid surveyor having a stationary unit and a roving unit. The stationary unit has a light source unit that emits a light beam and a rotator to project the light beam toward detectors on a roving unit. The roving unit moves over an area to be surveyed. Further the invention is for a method of mapping details of hidden underground iron pipelines, and more particularly the location of bell joints.

Abstract: A method of detecting leakage currents in a high voltage battery pack system reduces detection error caused by fluctuations in battery pack voltage during the detection process. The voltages of the individual modules forming the battery pack are separately and simultaneously measured during each measurement of leakage current on the high and low sides of the leakage point. Measurements of individual module voltages are combined with the simultaneous current leakage measurements to calculate leak resistance.

Abstract: There is described an inspection system for inspecting an object, the system comprising: a structural inspection module for inspecting the object structurally; a functional test module for testing the object functionally; a support device for supporting the object to be inspected structurally and tested functionally; and a common controller for the structural inspection module and the functional test module. A method for use with the system is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement over conventional electric circuit monitoring devices in that it provides a device and method to passively monitor the performance of an electrical circuit to a load device, including faults that occur intermittently. The invention is capable of identifying the location and type of malfunction in the event of a fault.

Abstract: A method for measuring a material's complex permittivity is provided where a near-field microwave probe is positioned a predetermined distance from a first and a second standard sample for measuring a relative resonant frequency shift of the near-field microwave probe for standard samples. Based on measurements, calibration coefficients are calculated. A relative resonant frequency shift of the near-field microwave probe for a sample under study is measured by fast frequency sweep technique while the distance between the tip of the probe and the sample under the study is maintained nominally at the distance between the tip of the probe and each standard sample during a calibration procedure by a shear-force based distance control mechanism. Also, the change in the quality factor of the probe for unloaded and loaded resonator is measured.

Abstract: A sensor system comprising a first electrode with an array of carbon nanotubes and a second electrode. The first electrode with an array of carbon nonotubes and the second electrode are positioned to produce an air gap between the first electrode with an array of carbon nonotubes and the second electrode. A means is provided for sensing changes in electrical capacitance between said first electrode with an array of carbon nonotubes and said second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for evaluating the deformations or forces to which a structure comprising an elastomeric body (2) is subjected, said device comprising a dipole (6), the dielectric (3) of which is formed by said elastomeric body and an electronic analysing circuit sensitive to a variation of a capacitive characteristic of the dipole caused by said deformations of said body.

Abstract: A sensor (20) includes a single capacitor (30) that operates in two different modes to obtain capacitance and conductance information when a mixture flows between the electrodes (32, 34) of the capacitor. Two different oscillators (180, 182) are selectively used to obtain the conductance and capacitance information. In a disclosed embodiment, a capacitor includes an outer electrode (32) that is received around an inner electrode (34) such that there is spacing between the electrodes through which the mixture flows. The mixture acts as a dielectric of the capacitor allowing the conductance and capacitance measurements to be made. A glass member (36) seals off the spacing between the electrodes and provides physical support to position the inner electrode to keep the electrodes electrically isolated.

Abstract: This invention describes the deficiencies of current art for sensitive impedance sensors, particularly capacitive sensors, and describes several circuits that improve measurement of small value capacitances, especially in the presence of noise. It also shows various circuit architectures optimized for different capacitive sensing tasks.

Abstract: A needle fixture of a probe card and a needle fixing method in semiconductor inspection equipment include a needle fixture of a probe card in semiconductor inspection equipment including a printed circuit board; a needle fixture installed in the printed circuit board; a resin unit affixing a probe needle to the needle fixture using an adhesive; and a separation preventer for preventing separation of the resin unit from the needle fixture, wherein the separation preventer includes: a plurality of notches formed along a bottom surface of the needle fixture; and the adhesive filling the plurality of notches.

Abstract: An IC component test socket assembly having an error protection device includes a test socket, a first detection device set and a control unit. The IC component test socket assembly serves to detect whether the IC component is correctly inserted into the test socket and determine whether further electric functionality test operations for the IC component is going to be performed or not. A second detection device set is further provided in the test socket, and a mark is provided on an IC component to enhance the functionality of this test socket assembly. Moreover, the IC component test socket assembly is applicable to semi-automatic or completely automatic system level test equipments to avoid burnout of IC components and damages to the test equipments.

Abstract: A probe measurement system for measuring the electrical characteristics of integrated circuits or other microelectronic devices at high frequencies.

Abstract: A method of determining the disconnection location in a circuit is proposed, which can determine and analyze in a nondestructive way the region of connection failure between components in a system. A time domain reflectrometer is used to measure and store a reflected waveform of a plurality of standardized failure samples. Next, a reflected waveform of an object to be tested is then measured and recorded. Finally, the reflected waveform of the object to be tested is compared with those of the samples so as to determine the disconnection location.

Abstract: A test device tests acceptability of a plurality of electronic devices formed on a wafer. The test device includes: a pattern supply part for supplying test patterns to each of the plurality of electronic devices; a power supply for applying power supply voltage to each of the plurality of electronic devices; a measurement part for measuring the data indicating the operations of each of the electronic devices generated by the test patterns; a calculation part for calculating the reference values for judging the acceptability of each of the electronic devices; and a judgment part for judging the acceptability of each of the electronic devices.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device which includes a termination circuit for terminating a bus line. An impedance control circuit controls impedance of the termination circuit in accordance with impedance of an external reference resistor, so as to have the same or substantially the same impedance as that of the external reference resistor. A detection circuit detects whether the external reference resistor is electrically connected to the semiconductor integrated circuit, and disables the impedance control circuit based on a detection result.