Abstract: The present invention provides a process for improving smoothness of a web surface by subjecting the web surface to an untreated smooth roll traveling at a different speed than the web and thereby producing heat generated by friction to plasticize the very top fibers in the mat. Surprisingly, the inventors found that no abrasive was needed to generate the amount of heat required to achieve the smoothness gain.

Abstract: An investment mould process for forming a cast member is described. The process comprises forming a precursor casting (12) from a master mould (10). The master mould (10) has an internal surface (16) defining a space (14) in which the precursor casting (12) can be formed. The surface (16) defines a location indentation (20) to provide a corresponding location projection (3) on the precursor casting (12). A holding member (22) can be inserted into the location projection (3) to hold an internal member (17A, 17B).

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing apparatus that is capable of manufacturing metal-ceramic composite members in various shapes with high productivity, and a mold member and a manufacturing method therefor. An apparatus for manufacturing a metal-ceramic composite member was made, the apparatus including: a plurality of process regions, namely, an atmosphere replacing/heating part 11, a molten metal push-out part 21, and a cooling part 31; and a guide 48 for allowing a mold to pass through these plural process regions, molds 60 having ceramic members 86 placed therein are successively inserted into a mold inlet 43 provided in this guide 48 to pass through the guide 48 practically in a shielded state from the atmosphere, a molten metal 53 is poured thereto in the molten-metal push-out part 21, and the molten metal 53 is cooled and solidified in the cooling part 31 to join a metal and a ceramic, thereby manufacturing the metal-ceramic composite member.

Abstract: A plurality of profile portion divided metal molds 12 surround a profile portion 11a of a supercharger rotor 11 to allow division. A pair of end metal molds 14 and 15 surround both ends of the rotor. A helical core 16 is attached to one end metal mold 14 so as to be helically passed through the profile portion of the rotor. A rotor-shaped cavity 13 is formed inside by the profile portion divided metal molds, and the end metal molds. Hot metal is pressurized, and injected and solidified in the cavity. Then, the end metal mold 14 having the helical core is pulled out by being rotated along a helical line.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering molten metal held in a vessel before the metal enters the dosing tube. The filtering apparatus includes an attachment portion that mounts to the dosing tube, a filter body connected to the attachment portion and a planar surface attached to an end of the filter body opposite the attachment portion. The filter body can include a beveled end opposite the attachment portion where the planar surface is attached. The apparatus can be made from a bonded-particle material made from silicon carbide or aluminum oxide held together by an aluminum-resistant binder.

Abstract: Device (10) to discharge liquid steel from a container (12) to a crystallizer (11) with rollers (31, 32), formed by a discharge element (13) arranged between the container (12) and the rollers (31, 32), wherein the discharge element (13) is shaped so as to define a main tank (15) provided with vertical intermediate walls (16, 18) which define a central compartment (19) into which the liquid steel is able to be cast from the container (12). Lateral walls (20, 21) define two lateral compartments (22, 23) communicating with the central compartment (19) by means of apertures (25) made in the lower part of the vertical intermediate walls (16, 18). On the bottom wall (27) of the discharge element (13), between the intermediate walls (16, 18) and the lateral walls (20, 21), discharge apertures (29) are provided through which the cast steel is able to flow downwards. Moreover guide elements (30) are provided at the sides of the discharge apertures (29).

Abstract: A roll apparatus provided at a continuous caster for transferring a cast piece to a predetermined location includes: at least three divided rolls arranged to align concentrically and in an axial direction thereof to constitute a roll forming a cast piece transfer path. At lease one end portion of at least of the divided rolls is supported by a cylindrical roller bearing of a full roller type.

Abstract: Roll caster (11) produces thin steel strip (12) formed on casting surfaces (22A) of casting roll (22) that passes through first enclosure (37) adjacent casting roll surfaces (22A) and, optionally, thereafter second enclosure (61). Enclosure (37) and/or enclosure (61) may be fitted with spray nozzles (71,72) and/or (67, 68) operable to spray fine water mist adjacent strip (12) to produce hydrogen gas in enclosure (37) while tending to avoid liquid water contact with steel strip (12) and casting surfaces (22A). If hydrogen gas is produced only in enclosure (61), the two enclosures (37, 61) are interconnected so that gas can flow from enclosure (61) to enclosure (37). Enclosure (37) and, if present, enclosure (61) are sealed to maintain positive pressure and oxygen levels less than the surrounding atmosphere, and with the presence of hydrogen gas, reduce formation of scale on the strip in enclosure (37) and, if present, enclosure (61).

Abstract: A heat and moisture exchanger for both conducting a stream of air produced by a ventilator to a moisturizing medium and internally bypassing the moisturizing medium if aerosolized medication is introduced into the stream includes a housing having a ventilator-side port coupled to an outlet of a ventilator and a source of aerosolized medication. The housing has a patient-side port for coupling to a patient to provide ventilation including either air or air carrying aerosolized medication. A first path conducts air from the ventilator-side port through the moisturizing medium and the patient-side port, and a second path conducts air carrying aerosolized medication from the ventilator-side port directly to the patient-side port. A two-way valve mechanism in the housing selectively couples the ventilator-side port into fluid communication with one or the other of the first and second paths.

Abstract: A device and method for removing heat from an object by spraying a cooling agent is disclosed. A cooling casing or a heat sink is mounted to the object. A spray nozzle is arranged to spray the cooling agent onto the cooling casing or the heat sink from a reservoir. The temperature of the object is detected. A controller receives the temperature and issues a signal to drive the spray nozzle when the detected temperature exceeds a predetermined upper temperature limit. The cooling agent is sprayed onto the cooling casing or the heat sink and evaporates by absorbing heat from the cooling casing or the heat sink thereby removing heat from the object. A fan is selectively provided for generating air flows to expel the evaporated cooling agent and thus enhancing heat removal from the object.

Abstract: A device for climate control of a vehicle is provided which includes a coolant circuit in which coolant flows through a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator; a heat transfer medium circuit in which heat transfer medium flows through a heat source and a heat exchanger; and a heat/cold reservoir in which the evaporator and the heat exchanger are located. The device of the present invention provides an improved and comparatively economical approach to climate control in the area of a driver's bed in a motor vehicle interior by, at least in part, using a heating/cooling surface for a driver's bed and/or vehicle interior wall, which is integrated into the heat transfer medium circuit such that the heat transfer medium can flow selectively through the heating/cooling surface, or the heat transfer medium which is conveyed by the heat source can flow through the heating/cooling surface.

Abstract: An external heat exchanger to be attached external to a computer to force air into an internal chamber of the computer, to reduce an ambient temperature within the chamber of the computer.

Abstract: An air-applying device has an impeller having a center of rotation, and a case which contains the impeller. The case includes a first edge defining an inlet port of air which exposes the center of rotation, a second edge defining an outlet port of air, and a high-pressure region which presents upon operational rotation of said impeller. The high-pressure region is located within the case along a peripheral portion of the impeller. A distance between the center of rotation of the impeller and the first edge is shorter in the direction from the center of rotation to a center of the high-pressure region than from the center of rotation to region other than the high-pressure region.

Abstract: A multi-stage thermoacoustic device includes a resonance tube mounted therein a plurality of stacks and a plurality of heat exchangers interlaid with each other adjacent to a second end of the resonance tube. A working fluid is filled in the resonance tube. A driver mounted on a first end of the resonance tube drives the working fluid oscillate in the resonance tube, the working fluid is compressed and expanded and causes temperature oscillation and thermal energy flowing from one end of the stack to the other end. The thermal energy, such as cooling capacity, is finally transferred outward through the heat exchangers on sides of the stacks. The multiple stacks and heat exchangers perform a multiple stage temperature gradient. More thermal energy is transferred, and the working efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (1) including a foam (14) having hollow ligaments (15) and an interstital volume (13).

Abstract: A heat-dissipating substrate to be tightly applied between a heat-dissipating device and a CPU. It consists of a baseboard and metal material. The baseboard contains several slots where the metal material fills in. When the CPU generates heat, the metal material, confined inside the slots and pressed by the tightly attached pressure between the heat-dissipating device and the CPU, melts and thoroughly fills the slots, and hence improves the snugness between the heat-dissipating device and the CPU, ultimately increasing heat-dissipating efficiency.

Abstract: A constant temperature refrigeration system for extensive temperature range application comprising a refrigerator, a low-temperature heat exchanger, a medium-temperature heat exchanger, a high-temperature heat exchanger, a pump, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a temperature sensor, a power regulator and a controller, the temperature sensor is utilized for determining the working fluid temperature and compare the actual input temperature, the actual output temperature and the predetermined temperature, and the controller is utilized for controlling the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve for conveying the fluid to flow through various heat exchangers so that the working fluid is heated or cooled, with the result being that the working fluid temperature outputted is to reach the predetermined temperature, so as to acquire the working fluid having the exactly and precisely predetermined low temperature (−40° C.

Abstract: One or more subterranean zones are isolated from one or more other subterranean zones using a combination of solid tubulars and perforated tubulars.

Abstract: The steel drill string attached to a drilling bit during typical rotary drilling operations used to drill oil and gas wells is used for a second purpose as the casing that is cemented in place during typical oil and gas well completions. Methods of operation are described that provide for the efficient installation of a cemented steel cased well wherein the drill string and the drill bit are cemented into place during one single drilling pass down into the earth. Methods of operation are described wherein at least one geophysical parameter is measured with a geophysical parameter sensing member located within the drill string. A one-way cement valve is installed near the drill bit of the drill string that allows the cement to set up efficiently under ambient hydrostatic conditions while the drill string and drill bit are cemented into place during one single drilling pass into the earth.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing loss of drilling fluid and for stabilizing a wellbore during drilling through depleted sands in a subterranean formation comprising depleted sands. The method comprises introducing into said wellbore and into said depleted sands an aqueous fluid comprising silicate or siliconate and resilient graphitic carbon in an amount effective at substantially plugging pores in said depleted sands.

Abstract: Slips slidably disposed on a mandrel for lowering into a well inside a tubular to be removed from the well move outwardly to engage the tubular upon withdrawing the mandrel carrying the slips from the well. In one implementation there is a conical surface such that movement between the slips and the conical surface expands the slips outwardly. These inner and outer bodies are relatively moved in the well such that the outer body expands against an inner surface of the tubular in the well preparatory to removing the tubular from the well. After removing the tool string and at least part of the tubular engaged by the slips out of the well, inner structure of the removal tool can be pulled, in a direction opposite to which the lifting force was applied, to disengage the slips from the removed portion of the tubular.

Abstract: Natural gas produced from a well by executing a multiple-phase gas recovery cycle which includes a phase during which a relatively lower evacuation pressure is applied within three chambers in the well to assist in accumulating liquids at a well bottom, followed by a liquid reduction phase which clears the liquid from two of the chambers while leaving the liquid in the third chamber. The remaining liquid is thereafter lifted in subsequent liquid capture and liquid removal phases. The liquid reduction phase clears the fluid from the well more effectively with less interruption in the production of gas from the well while maintaining the full gas productivity of the well.

Abstract: A wellhead is formed by extruding a plurality of tubular liners off of a mandrel into contact with an outer casing. The first tubular liner and mandrel are positioned within the wellbore with the tubular liner in an overlapping relationship with the outer casing. At least a portion of the tubular liner is extruded off of the mandrel into contact with the interior surface of the outer casing. The first tubular liner is extruded off of the mandrel by pressurizing an interior portion of the first tubular liner. Subsequent tubular liners are positioned in concentric overlapping relation and similarly extruded off of a mandrel into at least partial contact with the interior surface of the outer casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for fire-fighting comprising a fire-extinguishing nozzle (4) connected to an extinguisher fluid supply (3) via a pipe (2) and comprising an alarm device (5) which delivers a warning signal at the beginning of a fire-extinguishing process. In such an apparatus the risk of leaks occurring is reduced and effective alarming of the surroundings at the beginning of the fire-extinguishing process is ensured according to the invention by the fact that the alarm device (5) comprises a pressure-actuatable switching device connected to the pipe (2) which triggers the warning signal in the event of an increase in the pressure prevailing in the pipe (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to fire-fighting installation comprising a drive source for feeding medium into at least one heat releasing spray head (4), the drive source comprising a pump unit (5) for feeding liquid into said spray head through a supply line (3) which is filled with gas to a standby pressure, a gas source (9) for maintaining the standby pressure, and a sensor (2) arranged to provide a signal for starting the pump unit in response to a change occurring in the state of the medium in the supply line. In order to rapidly start the pump unit (5) of the drive source as a result of a minor flow occurring in the supply line (3) and in order for the fire-fighting installation to be applicable to be used at low temperatures, the sensor is a flow transducer (2) arranged to provide a signal to the pump unit (5), if the flow of gas in said portion of the supply line exceeds a certain predetermined value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for high volume, low pressure foam generation are provided that have a wide range of applications, particularly in fire fighting and fire prevention fields. The foam may be effectively delivered to targets that have heretofore been difficult, if not impossible, to reach in a timely, cost effective and/or efficacious manner. Nozzles and nozzle-containing systems are provided for combining water, injected foam and air to generate and/or deliver high volume, low pressure foam. The foam generation systems may be part of portable units that may be worn or otherwise supported by a user (e.g., a back pack), manually transported (e.g., a push cart), or transported with power-assistance (e.g., a power-assist cart). The systems may also be vehicle-mounted. Exemplary nozzle systems include a diffuser unit that facilitates aeration of the water and foam mixture that is fed to the nozzle system.

Abstract: Fire hydrants which feature additional structure for reducing the potential that those with ill intent can foul municipal water supplies by introducing toxins or other materials into fire hydrants. Various embodiments include valves which close off portions of the hydrant otherwise available for receipt of toxic or other materials when the fire hydrant nozzle cap is unscrewed and open. Such valves preferably open, manually or automatically, when water is flowing from the water supply through the nozzle, a condition which renders it difficult at best to introduce toxins through the hydrant into a water supply, but close off portions of the barrel when the nozzle is open and water is not flowing through the nozzle.

Abstract: A gas recycling system which has a carbon dioxide collecting device for collecting gas containing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source. In the system, at least part of the gas containing sulfur hexafluoride used as an electric insulation medium in a gas-insulated electric device is replaced with the carbon dioxide obtained by the carbon dioxide collecting device.

Abstract: A method and structure for suppressing EMI, especially cross talks among electrical cables, is incorporated in a semiconductor test system, thereby achieving high test reliability and high test speed at low cost. The noise suppression structure includes an electrical cable, a ferrite core attached to the electrical cable to suppress noise among adjacent cables, and means for attaching the ferrite core around the electrical cable. Another aspect is a method for producing the noise suppression structure in the foregoing.

Abstract: An optical encoder module includes a housing that includes at least one recess having an open end and an opposite closed end, and an electrical component accommodated within the recess. A first locking member is formed on the electrical component and a second locking member is formed in the housing. The first and second locking members are engaged with each other for locking the electrical component, when inserted into said recess, into a locking position. At least one resiliently compressible protrusion is provided between the electrical component and the closed end of the recess so as to be resiliently compressed therebetween into its compressed state when the electrical component is locked in the recess in its locking position.

Abstract: An electrical outlet box having a generally rectangular box having a back wall, a perimetrical side wall surrounding the back wall defining an open front face and a box interior, the side wall comprised of a first and second set of generally parallel spaced apart wall portions, outwardly directed flanges extending from one set of parallel wall portions adjacent the open front face; and fastening structures integrally formed with and attached to the flanges for rigidly mounting the electrical outlet box to a structural member.

Abstract: A water resistant floor box cover assembly including a flange including an opening therethrough adapted to permit access to electrical connectors and a cover securable to the flange. The cover is movable between a closed position wherein the opening is covered and an open position wherein the opening is uncovered to permit access to the outlet box. The flange also includes an inner wall and an outer wall extending about the opening. The inner and the outer walls define a channel disposed therebetween. The outer wall including a slot formed therein providing a path out of the channel. The slot permits water in the channel to exit therefrom away from the opening.

Abstract: A terminal for use with telecommunication cables has a splice closure and a terminal closure joined to the splice closure. The splice closure encloses opened areas of the cable, while the terminal closure encloses a connection device for establishing connection between telecommunication lines in the splice closure and a drop line. In various embodiments, a frame is mounted within the splice closure for retaining non-spliced lines of the telecommunication cable away from spliced lines; a storage member is located within the terminal closure for retaining excess lengths of the drop line; a drop line strain relief bracket is mounted within the terminal closure; and a memory device is incorporated into the terminal for storing information about the terminal.

Abstract: A jumper coaxial cable assembly includes a jumper coaxial cable and at least one solder-type connector secured thereto. The cable may include an outer conductor, which, in turn, includes aluminum with a tin layer thereon. The tin layer permits an aluminum outer conductor to be used, yet facilitates soldering of the solder-type connector onto the outer conductor. The tin layer may be a tin alloy, such as a tin/lead alloy, for example. The outer conductor may have a continuous, non-braided, tubular shape, and the tin layer may extend continuously along an entire length of the outer conductor. The tin layer may be readily formed by tin plating during manufacturing of the jumper coaxial cable. The jumper coaxial cable assembly may be joined to a main coaxial cable and/or to electronic equipment.

Abstract: A cable channel filler or spline (126) and a cable (40) containing the cable channel filler or spline in its core. The channel filler extends longitudinally and has a plurality of spaced longitudinally extending open pockets (128, 130, 132, 134) in which wires (42) or cables, such as unshielded twisted pair cables, are placed and form part of the core. The core containing the twisted pair cables in the pockets is jacketed. The channel filler has an imbedded shield (136) that extends into each of the channel filler pocket legs and is preferably prepared from a single tape. Alternatively when two tapes are used for the shield, the first tape has three shield legs and with one leg being a folded over leg and the second tape forms the fourth leg and has 20 to 50 percent or at least {fraction (1/16)} inches of one of its sides encased by the folded over leg of the first tape.

Abstract: An electrical cable having a holding member arranged within the cable for an optic fiber, which can be used for temperature sensing and/or communications. The holding member can replace one or more strands of the cable, be placed inside an interstice of the cable, be placed in between various layers of the cable, or placed in the jacket of the cable. If desired a strength member may be adjacent to and/or attached to the holding member to provide additional protection for the optic fiber. The cable can be produced through the addition of a planetary strander device to a wire assembly apparatus.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic circuit board comprises a core of high conductivity material such as metal and an overlying layer of electrically insulating ceramic having an outer surface. In accordance with the invention, a circuit board for receiving a high power component is provided with a thermal spreading layer on or near the outer surface and one or more thermal vias through the ceramic to thermally couple the spreading layer to the core. The vias and the spreading layer comprise electrically insulating thermally conductive materials. The resulting structure provides rapid heat dissipation for a high power component formed or mounted on or near the spreading layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of fabricating a double-sided PCB without via holes, functioning to transport electric signals between both sides of the PCB, by folding a flexible substrate, in which circuit patterns are formed on only one side of the flexible substrate, and the double-sided PCB without the via holes fabricated by the method. Therefore, the method is advantageous in that it allows PCB manufacturers to save the efforts for forming and protecting the via holes because the double-sided PCB does not need via holes, and reduces its fabricating cost and time, due to simplicity of this method.

Abstract: A device is disclosed. The device comprises a substrate core having power paths through it and an input/output signal routing layer upon the core substrate. An integrated circuit may be arranged on the routing layer such that the integrated circuit is electrically coupled to the substrate core through the routing layer.

Abstract: In order to provide a wiring board comprising a magnetic material effective in suppressing spurious radiation in semiconductor devices and electronic circuits and the like that operate at high speeds, a wiring board (15) comprises an insulative base material (17), conductor patterns (19a to 19f) formed thereon, and magnetic thin films (21a to 21f) formed on the conductor patterns (19a to 19f).

Abstract: A substrate of a component manufactured for surface mounting on a circuit board, comprising a substrate surface, a non-conductive mask layer on the substrate surface facing the circuit board, and a conductive contact land on the substrate surface which is exposed by an aperture provided in the mask layer and of a thickness sufficient to ensure that a contact surface of the land is at least level with, or protrudes beyond, the plane of the mask layer immediately surrounding the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circuit board including a plurality of pads for mounting a semiconductor device with bumps and a plurality of wires drawn from the respective pads, a mounting structure for the semiconductor device with bumps, and an electro-optic device and an electronic device. The circuit board has a region where the pitch in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the plurality of pads are different from each other and the wires are preferentially drawn from a wider pitch side of the longitudinal direction or the lateral directions of the pads.

Abstract: The present invention provides drilling systems for drilling subsea wellbores. The drilling system includes a tubing that passes through a sea bottom wellhead and carries a drill bit. A drilling fluid system continuously supplies drilling fluid into the tubing, which discharges at the drill bit bottom and returns to the wellhead through an annulus between the tubing and the wellbore carrying the drill cuttings. A fluid return line extending from the wellhead equipment to the drilling vessel transports the returning fluid to the surface. In a riserless arrangement, the return fluid line is separate and spaced apart from the tubing. In a system using a riser, the return fluid line may be the riser or a separate line carried by the riser. The tubing may be coiled tubing with a drilling motor in the bottom hole assembly driving the drill bit.

Abstract: A method and system for averting or mitigating undesirable drilling events during a drilling process is disclosed. The state of the drilling rig is detected, preferably automatically, based on surface and/or downhole measurement data. One or more undesirable drilling events are detected by correlating the acquired measurement data with the detected state. A drilling rig action is determined which averts or mitigates a detected undesirable drilling event. Finally, the drilling process is overridden by commanding performance of the action.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for setting concentric casing strings within a wellbore in one run-in of a casing working string. In one aspect of the invention, the apparatus comprises a drilling system comprising concentric casing strings, with each casing string having a drill bit piece disposed at the lower end thereof. The drill bit pieces of adjacent casing strings are releasably connected to one another. In another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for setting concentric casing strings within a wellbore with the drilling system. In another aspect of the invention, the releasably connected drill bit pieces comprise a drill bit assembly.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method of forming a wellbore. In one aspect, an expandable bit for use in a wellbore is provided. The expandable bit includes a body and a blade assembly disposed on the body. The blade assembly is movable between a closed position whereby the expandable bit has a smaller outer diameter and an open position whereby the expandable bit has a larger outer diameter. The expandable bit further includes a release assembly for providing a secondary means to move the blade assembly from the open position to the closed position. In another aspect, a method of forming a wellbore is provided. In yet another aspect, an expandable apparatus for use in forming a wellbore is provided.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for automatically detecting the state of a drilling rig during the drilling process of a wellbore. Two or more, but preferably four independent input data channels are received, each input data channel representing a series of measurements made over time during the drilling process. Based on the input channels the most likely state of the drilling rig is detected from at least three possible rig states. The detection method is preferably probabilistic and even more preferably based on particle filtering techniques. The preferred systems and methods disclosed are also capable of detecting events and displaying or notifying drilling personnel of the detected events and suggesting corrective action.

Abstract: Disclosed are drilling fluids suitable for use in connection with oil well drilling. The drilling fluids of the invention include in one embodiment a liquid base, an alkyl glucoside, such as methyl glucoside, and a borehole stability promoter that includes a maltodextrin, a carboxyalkyl starch, a hemicellulose-containing material, or a mixture of the foregoing. In another embodiment, the drilling fluid includes a liquid base and molasses solids, preferably in combination with an alkyl glucoside and more preferably in further combination with one of the aforementioned borehole stability promoters. In another embodiment, the drilling fluid includes sorbitol, preferably in conjunction with a borehole stability promoter. The drilling fluids of the invention surprisingly have a reduced tendency to swell shale as compared with known drilling fluids. Also disclosed are a drilling apparatus and process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating for disposal oil-contaminated clay substrates such as drill cuttings from drilling with an oil-based mud. If necessary, the substrate is pretreated with an aqueous emulsion breaker such as alkylbenzenesulfonic acid. The substrate is mixed under high shear conditions with a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid. This can be done in an agitated reactor with sequential addition of the organic and inorganic acids. The substrate is then mixed with alkaline earth such as lime in a second agitated reactor. The reactions between the acid(s), alkaline earth and substrate are exothermic and provide heat to vaporize the oil, reaction products and water. Recoverable constituents in the vapor can be condensed in a vapor collection system. The treated substrate is essentially free of oil and has a controlled water content.

Abstract: The steel drill string attached to a drilling bit during typical rotary drilling operations used to drill oil and gas wells is used for a second purpose as the casing that is cemented in place during typical oil and gas well completions. Methods of operation are described that provide for the efficient installation a cemented steel cased well wherein the drill string and the drill bit are cemented into place during one single drilling pass down into the earth. The normal mud passages or watercourses present in the rotary drill bit are used for the second independent purpose of passing cement into the annulus between the casing and the well while cementing the drill string into place during one single pass into the earth. A one-way cement valve is installed near the drill bit of the drill string that allows the cement to set up efficiently under ambiently hydrostatic conditions while the drill string and drill bit are cemented into place during one single drilling pass into the earth.