Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, and a seal pattern forming device used in fabricating the same, applies both seal dispensing and screen printing techniques to form seal patterns of variously sized LCD panels formed on the same base substrate.

Abstract: Bubbles mixed in liquid crystal injected into a liquid crystal cell are pushed out through an outlet. The outlet has a space secured to a maximum limit by an extended sealing portion reaching the outer peripheral end surfaces of substrates, and a step with a color filter is formed. The pushed-out bubbles are surely trapped by the space of the outlet. In a replenishing port for replenishing liquid crystal, an introduction spacer having a height equal to that of the color filter is provided, and by a capillary phenomenon, liquid crystal for replenishment can be smoothly introduced into the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display of the present invention includes: a first insulating substrate as an array substrate; display pixels formed in such a manner as to be arranged in array like shape on the first insulating substrate, said display pixels having pixel electrodes electrically connected to each other; a counter substrate formed on a second insulating substrate on which common electrodes are formed; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first insulating substrate and the second insulating substrate, the first insulating substrate and the second insulating substrate being bonded each other; a transfer electrode for supplying a common electrical potential to common electrodes on the second insulating substrate through a conductive material; wherein the transfer electrode is formed by patterning a conductive thin film that has been formed by the last conductive film forming process of the first insulating substrate; wherein a second conductive metal film, which has been formed in the second conductiv

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates, a plurality of gate lines and data lines on the first substrate, a plurality of switching devices at cross portions of the gate and data lines, a passivation layer on the plurality of switching devices, a plurality of ball spacers on the passivation layer, a color filter layer on the second substrate, and a plurality of column spacers on the color filter layer.

Abstract: A display device comprises a pair of plastic substrates (21, 22) which are bonded together by a peripheral seal (3), and comprises cell spacers (28, 29) to space the plastic substrates apart at an active area. At least one of the substrates is provided with a functional layer (23A, 23B, 24), while an electro-optical material is present between the substrates. The spacers (28, 29) are in the form of ribs or columns, i.e. they have substantially flat contact surfaces and the peripheral seal (3) has a height (d2) of less than ¼ of the height (d1) of the spacers (d2≦0.25d1). The line (3) preferably does not comprise spacers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device comprises a first substrate having a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter, a second substrate having a thin film transistor, a seal pattern formed on one of the first and second substrates, a first electrode on the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter, the first electrode being overlapped with a portion of the seal pattern, a second electrode on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid crystal displays used in display sections of electronic apparatus and substrates for a liquid crystal display used for the same and provides a liquid crystal display having high luminance and high display characteristics and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same. A configuration is employed which includes a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the substrate, a black matrix formed like grids on one of the substrates, a plurality of pixel regions defined by the black matrix, and a pillar spacer formed on the black matrix and provided such that it protrudes from the black matrix into four adjoining pixel regions when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An optically compensated birefringence mode liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, a liquid crystal material layer between the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal material layer having a splay state when a voltage is not applied and having a bend state when a transition voltage is applied, a first compensation film on an outer surface of the first substrate, a first polarizing plate on the first compensation film, a second compensation film on an outer surface of the second substrate, and a second polarizing plate on the second compensation film, wherein the liquid crystal material layer in the splay state has a first retardation value (R1) satisfying according to:

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display includes aligning a mask on a substrate, applying surface treatment to the substrate using light that has passed through the mask, forming a spacer pattern at the surface treated area, and forming a spacer by hardening the spacer pattern. Surface treatment is applied to the area where a spacer is to be formed by an ion beam, ultraviolet radiation or a laser beam. By forming the spacer at the surface treated area using an ink jet, it is possible to control the shape and height of the spacer. Also, since the ink jet is located at the surface treated area, it become easier to align the ink jet to accurately form the spacer at the desired place.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semitransparent display device includes the steps of forming a light shield film over a transparent display region on a transparent substrate, applying a photosensitive organic film over the transparent substrate coated with the light shield film, exposing and developing the photosensitive organic film to form a through hole extending through the photosensitive organic film in the transparent display region, removing the light shield film exposed through the through hole after forming the through hole, and forming a reflective film above the photosensitive organic film to form a reflective display region. Thereby, such a situation can be prevented that light reflected by a stage after passing through a TFT array substrate causes visible irregularities in thickness of an organic flattening film during exposure processing for forming the organic flattening film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate part, a second substrate part, and a sealant for attaching the first substrate part and the second substrate part; a Vcom terminal in the first substrate part and exposed at an edge of a region where the sealant is formed; a common electrode provided in the second substrate part and exposed at an edge of the region where the sealant is formed; and a conductive member provided at an edge of the region where the sealant is formed, for electrically connecting the Vcom terminal with the common electrode.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes forming a gate line, a gate pad, and a gate electrode on a first substrate, forming a gate insulating layer on the gate line, the gate electrode, and the gate pad, forming an active layer on the gate insulating layer, forming an ohmic contact layer on the active layer, forming a data line, a data pad, and source and drain electrodes on the ohmic contact layer, forming a pixel electrode contacting the drain electrode, forming a passivation layer on the substrate including the pixel electrode, forming a common electrode on a second substrate, attaching the first and second substrates such that the pixel electrode and the common electrode are facing into each other, injecting a liquid crystal material between the first and second substrates, and exposing the gate pad and the data pad without forming contact holes.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes providing a first substrate, forming an alignment layer on the first substrate using an ink jet method to form a plurality of holes that expose portions of the first substrate, and forming a spacer within each of the plurality of holes using the ink jet method.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a bottom substrate with a gate wire, a data wire and thin film transistors, and a top substrate with color filters. In a method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, a pixel electrode is formed on the bottom substrate at each pixel area using a first mask such that the pixel electrode has a first region with a smooth surface, and a second region with a rough surface. A common electrode is formed on the top substrate using a second mask such that the common electrode has a first region with a smooth surface, and a second region with a rough surface. The bottom substrate and the top substrate are assembled together, and a liquid crystal is injected between the bottom and the top substrates.

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes providing a cliché having at least a first groove structure having a first width and a second groove structure having a second width equal to at least a multiple of the first width and an interval, filling a resist material into the first and second groove structures of the cliché, and applying the resist material filled into the first and second groove structures of the cliché onto an etching object layer of a substrate.

Abstract: In order to prevent exposure mismatch on a boundary between exposure regions that causes pattern connection defects (including stitch defects), exposure is performed twice or more on a whole exposure region of a glass substrate. The exposure method includes aligning a reticle in a scanning direction, exposing the reticle pattern onto the glass substrate, moving the glass substrate one-half of the width of the reticle, and exposing an exposure area twice by repeating the exposing and moving steps.

Abstract: An LCD repair method repairs gate opens in a gate line where the gate line intersects with a data line or where the gate open exists at a position where it is not overlapped by a single pixel electrode. The method includes connecting a pixel electrode overlapping a portion of the opened gate line to the gate line, and forming a metal pattern to electrically connect two adjacent pixel electrodes.

Abstract: An eyeglasses clasp for maintaining eyeglasses on a clothing material. The clasp comprises at least one magnetic means engaged with the eyeglasses temple bars that align with each other but not with the eyeglasses frame body midpoint when the temple bars are closed. The magnets are in attractive magnetic communication when the temple bars are closed. The clasp is used by pivoting one of the temple bars into the closed position. The frame body and closed temple bar are then positioned on one side of a clothing material. The second temple bar is then pivoted into the closed position such that it is on the other side of the clothing material. With the temple bars closed, the magnets are in attractive magnetic communication and impart a gripping force on the article of clothing. The gripping force substantially prevents relative movement between the temple bars and the clothing material.

Abstract: Eyewear is disclosed for use in sports and the like which allows the wearer to attach a removable sealing member to prevent the ingress of particulate matter when active sports are engaged in which require both ventilation and sealing to keep dust, dirt and the like out of the eyes. The sealing member is removable so that when the user is engaged in more casual activities, the frame may be worn like ordinary glasses or sunglasses without the sealing member. The eyewear includes a frame shaped to fit a wearer's face, one or two lenses mounted in the frame, and a temple bracket mounted on each side of the frame. A ventilation opening can be provided on the front surface of the frame to provide an airstream which is channeled by the removable insert to provide a filtered airflow across each lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for molding plastic optical articles with a hard coated film, comprising steps of coating one side of an optical film with a hard coating, pre-curing the hard coating to a tack free state while still maintaining the coating flexibility, making an insert from the coated film for the desired optical article, molding the plastic resin onto the insert through insert injection molding, and post-curing the molded article. The utilization of the pre-curing and post-curing steps have been found to eliminate hard coating cracks during the insert making and the molding step, while providing a hard coating with desired properties. Such an optical article possesses a hard coating integrated on its surface, thus, eliminating the need to further coat the optical article.

Abstract: New pattern reading glasses are provided of the present invention. The reading glasses indicate lenses put into a lens frame of single vision reading glasses. An optical center of lenses located at the cutting line of an upper rim of the lenses, which ranges from 2 mm above and 2 mm below thereof. With the single vision reading glasses, no matter if your are looking at close scenery by the lenses or looking at distant scenery by the naked eye, the variation of interlaced images is reduced when an image is watched by the naked eye and by lenses alternately. Therefore, the reading glasses provide more comfortable eyesight.

Abstract: A functional wafer of the present invention is disclosed to solve manufacturing difficulties involved in the production of optical elements such as polycarbonate ophthalmic lenses. The functional wafer may include a front layer, a functional layer, and a back layer, whereas the front layer and the back layer are bonded to the functional layer with or without additional adhesive. Said functional layer is smaller than at least the front layer by about 0.5 mm to 5 mm along the perimeter edge. A functional wafer of this construction can be conveniently and effectively incorporated into a lens through an insert injection molding process, in which said back layer will be in contact with the lens material.

Abstract: An aqueous ink comprising containing a colorant and a radiation-curable oligomer or polymer containing H-active groups bonded to the oligomer or polymer backbone, some or all of whose hydrogen atoms have been substituted by radicals of a N-hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylamide. Methods for printing the inventive inks upon medical devices, such as contact lenses, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An article formed by combining a polarizing layer, and a substrate composed of a blend of polymers such that the glass transition temperature of the substrate is adjusted to the vicinity of 100° C. This permits the lens to be thermoformed at temperatures in the vicinity of 100° C., which preserves the integrity of the polarizer. The article can be used as a standalone lens or as a polarizing insert for an injection-molded lens via an injection/compression coining process that results in minimal stress in the lens.

Abstract: A method for mass manufacturing of eye glasses includes steps of measuring the interpupillary distance of each eye; measuring the refractive error of each eye with a hand-held auto refractor; selecting a lens blank for each eye from among a stock of lenses; cutting a lens blank for each eye; and mounting the cut lens blanks onto a standardized eyeglasses frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electronically performing a visual field test for a patient. A visual field test pattern is displayed to the patient on an electronic display device and the patient's responses to the visual field test pattern are recorded. A visual field representation is generated from the patient's responses. The visual field representation is then used as an input into a variety of automated diagnostic processes. In one process, the visual field representation is used to generate a statistical description of the rapidity of change of a patient's visual field at the boundary of a visual field defect. In another process, the area of a visual field defect is calculated using the visual field representation. In another process, the visual field representation is used to generate a statistical description of the volume of a patient's visual field defect.

Abstract: A LCD projection system includes a beam splitter that splits a polarized light beam into a light of two primary colors and a light of one primary color, a first polarization element adapted to polarize the light of two primary colors, a second polarization element adapted to polarize the light of one primary color, a dichroic element adapted to separate the two colors of the light of two primary colors, a modulator adapted to modulate the light of tow primary colors and the light of one primary color and to reflect modulated light for output, a retarder provided between the first polarization element and the polarization element, and a projection lens adapted to project modularized light from the modulator and the first polarization element onto a display screen.

Abstract: A projection type display device, in which efficient cooling is performed is operated so that the display device is operated in a remarkably silent manner, is provided. The projection type display device includes: a light source unit 66; an optical unit 50 for modulating illumination light output from a light source based on input image information; power source sections 81 and 82; a box 4 for housing the optical unit 50, the light source unit 66 and the power source sections 81 and 82; and a cover member 5 for entirely covering at least an upper surface of the box, wherein an outlet for externally exhausting air in the box by using axial fans 70 and 71 is provided only on a bottom side of the box 4. Liquid crystal panels 63R, 63G and 63B, which are held by the optical unit frame 50a, absorb the illumination light from the light source 66 and thus have different increased temperatures.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus comprise a light control member configured to perform changing the path of light from light emitters to be directed to an illuminated area and/or moving of the light emitters, a movement unit configured to allow the light control member to operate, and a light selector control unit configured to control the movement unit and/or a lighting unit, which is configured to cause the light emitters to emit light so that the intensities of light emitted by them can be adjusted, so as to select light to be directed to the illuminated area from light of the emitters. The light selector control unit controls the lighting unit to cause an emitter to emit light when it is positioned in the vicinity of a light concentration area of an optical system by the operation of the light control member.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus with red (R), green (G), and blue (B) monochromatic cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and three projection lenses, disposed in front of the R, G, and B monochromatic CRTs respectively, along with a screen having a predetermined curvature concave in a view direction to control a view distance and focus the light rays projected from the respective projection lenses. The screen includes a Fresnel screen converting the light rays incident from the projection lenses to have predetermined optical directional characteristics in an optical axis direction, and a Lenticular screen, disposed in front of the Fresnel screen and having a curvature corresponding to the Fresnel screen, for forming images from the light rays passing through the Fresnel screen, controlling a view angle, and enhancing an entire screen luminance. The view distance is determined based on a focal length and a curvature radius of the Fresnel screen.

Abstract: In order to minimize light diffraction along the direction of switching and more particularly light diffraction into the acceptance cone of the collection optics, in the present invention, micromirrors are provided which are not rectangular. Also, in order to minimize the cost of the illumination optics and the size of the display unit of the present invention, the light source is placed orthogonal to the rows (or columns) of the array, and/or the light source is placed orthogonal to a side of the frame defining the active area of the array. The incident light beam, though orthogonal to the sides of the active area, is not however, orthogonal to any substantial portion of sides of the individual micromirrors in the array. Orthogonal sides cause incident light to diffract along the direction of micromirror switching, and result in light ‘leakage’ into the ‘on’ state even if the micromirror is in the ‘off’ state.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator is disclosed, along with methods for making such a modulator, that comprises an array of micromirrors each having a hinge and a micromirror plate held via the hinge on a substrate, the micromirror plate being disposed in a plane separate from the hinge and having a diagonal extending across the micromirror plate, the micromirror plate being attached to the hinge such that the micromirror plate can rotate along a rotation axis that is parallel to, but off-set from the diagonal of the micromirror plate. Also disclosed is a projection system that comprises such a spatial light modulator, as well as a light source, condensing optics, wherein light from the light source is focused onto the array of micromirrors, projection optics for projecting light selectively reflected from the array of micromirrors onto a target, and a controller for selectively actuating the micromirrors in the array.

Abstract: A telescopically collapsible image projector has a tri-segmented body. Within the body is mounted a light source, an imaging device such as a fully colour LCD display capable of receiving electronic signals representing images for display, keystone correction means, focusing means, and heat dissipation means. In its operating configuration the body segments are fully extended and a rigid optical pathway is established. Upon full extension, heat sinks in the form of air voids are created to collect radiated heat from operating components of the projector. A forced air system comprising a fan/motor combination draws cooling air in through the body of the projector and exhausts heated air through an exhaust port. In its stowed configuration, the heat sink air voids are used as stowage space to enable the body segments of the projector to telescopically collapse within each other forming a compact object with a small stowage foot print.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to control the atmosphere inside of a xerographic control module of an image forming device so that a dew point condition is not reached. The parameters of the atmosphere within the xerographic chamber which are controlled include pressure, temperature and humidity.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an imaging apparatus and a method of positioning an exposed image frame on photographic film at a predetermined position for scanning in the imaging apparatus. The apparatus of the present invention includes a preview device and a frame line detection user interface which appears on the preview device when an exposed image frame on the photographic film is offset from a predetermined position for scanning. A visible frame line indicator appears on the screen when the exposed image frames on the film is offset and is adapted to be moved to the leading or trailing edge of the exposed image frames. This permits a user to automatically align an offset exposed image frame with respect to a predetermined position for scanning while viewing the offset exposed image frame on the preview device.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems for immersion lithography. In one implementation, a hemispherical lens element is positioned near a target surface covered by photoresist. An immersion liquid is juxtaposed between the target surface and the lens element. A projected light is directed through the lens element and the immersion liquid to image a mask on the target surface.

Abstract: An optical system for projection photolithography is disclosed. The optical system is a modified Dyson system capable of imaging a large field over a broad spectral range. The optical system includes a positive lens group having three elements: a piano-convex element and two negative meniscus elements. The lens group is arranged adjacent to but spaced apart from a concave mirror along the mirror axis. A projection photolithography system that employs the optical system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A reflective type projection optical system has good reflection characteristics with X rays and can correct aberrations well while controlling the size of reflective mirrors. The projection optical system includes six reflective mirrors and forms a reduced image of a first plane onto a second plane. The system includes a first reflective image forming optical system (G1) for forming an intermediate image of the first plane and a second reflective image forming optical system (G2) for forming an image of the intermediate image of the second plane. The first reflective image forming optical system has, in order of an incidence of light from the side of the first plane, a first reflective mirror (M1), an aperture stop (AS), a second reflective mirror (M2), a third reflective mirror (M3), and a fourth reflective mirror (M4).

Abstract: The invention provides systems and a method for reducing pellicle distortion. One feature of the invention reduces distortion of a pellicle by providing an airtight mounting structure for coupling a pellicle to a mask; and a port on the mounting structure though which a pressure difference can be created between the interior portion and an exterior environment. Hence, distortion can be reduced by controlling the pressure in the interior portion between the pellicle, the pellicle mounting structure and the mask. Another feature places an aerodynamic fairing adjacent the mask to reduce aerodynamic drag and, hence, suppress turbulent air flow over the pellicle. The features can be used separately or in combination.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes: a calculation unit having at least one computer for processing semiconductor design information; a control unit for controlling radiation of an electron in accordance with a processing result of the semiconductor design information; a writing unit for radiating an electron in accordance with instructions of the control unit; and at least one storage device. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus permits a communication between the storage device, the calculation unit, the control unit, and the writing unit. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus further includes a communication pass through which the storage device can be controlled.

Abstract: A laser levelling apparatus includes a platform, a base assembly, a body assembly, a head assembly and a laser assembly. The body assembly is rotatable about a body axis relative to the base assembly, the head assembly is rotatably supported by the body and rotatable about a head assembly axis transverse to the body axis and the laser assembly supported by the head assembly and rotatable about a laser assembly axis which is transverse the head assembly axis. The laser assembly has a laser diode and focusing elements and laser collimator the laser beam with the laser assembly. The head assembly is mounted between a first shaft end mounted at a first position of the body and a second shaft end mounted at the second position of the body opposed to the first position. A head assembly collimator is used to adjust the axis of rotation of the head assembly. A base assembly leveller is used to adjust the level of the base relative to the platform in at least two transverse directions.

Abstract: A distance-measuring device, comprising a light source unit for emitting a distance-measuring light, a photodetection optical system, a projecting optical system for projecting the distance-measuring light from the light source unit to an object to be measured and for guiding the distance-measuring light reflected by the object to be measured to the photodetection optical system, and an internal reference optical system for guiding the distance-measuring light from the light source unit toward the photodetection optical system, wherein the light source unit can emit two distance-measuring lights having different spreading angles and having the same or almost the same wavelengths, and the photodetection optical system has an optical filter which transmits light components of narrower wavelength range of the distance-measuring light.

Abstract: There is provided a bank note processing machine in which a discrimination sensor can be formed compactly even when bank notes are discriminated using a light source having a plurality of wavelengths and in which the bank note transport path is shortened to achieve compactness.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for monitoring material buildup on system components in a plasma processing system. The system components contain emitters that are capable of producing characteristic fluorescent light emission when exposed to a plasma. The method utilizes optical emission to monitor fluorescent light emission from the emitters for determining system component status. The method can evaluate material buildup on system components in a plasma, by monitoring fluorescent light emission from the emitters. Consumable system components that can be monitored using the method include rings, shields, electrodes, baffles, and liners.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for monitoring erosion of system components in a plasma processing system. The system components contain emitters that are capable of producing characteristic fluorescent light emission when exposed to a plasma. The method utilizes optical emission to monitor fluorescent light emission from the emitters for determining system component status. The method can evaluate erosion of system components in a plasma, by monitoring fluorescent light emission from the emitters. Consumable system components that can be monitored using the method include rings, shields, electrodes, baffles, and liners.

Abstract: An agile optical beam profiler using a two-dimensional small tilt digital micromirror device/chip, a translation stage, and single photodetector or pair of photodetectors. A method of profiling an optical beam includes positioning a programmable spatial light modulator in an incident optical beam and sequentially moving the spatial light modulator to at least one position in a first planar direction in a displacement increment less than a pixel width of the spatial light modulator. The method also includes directing respective portions of the optical beam to a photodetector at each position of the spatial light modulator. The method may also include calibrating the photodetectors by directing a portion of the beam to the photodetector, then directing the entire beam, or a remaining portion of the beam, to the photodetector, and normalizing the detected power of the portion with the detected power of the entire beam, or remaining portion, respectively.

Abstract: An optical sheet optimization method includes the steps of: extracting a statistic sample using transmissivity, haze data and luminance data of an optical diffusion sheet corresponding to the transmissivity and the haze data; making a regression model for the extracted statistic sample; calculating a regression coefficient to minimize an error term (residual) of the regression model and deriving a regression expression using the calculated regression coefficient; and predicting a luminance of the optical diffusion sheet due to changes of the transmissivity and the haze data using the derived regression expression.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable refractometer comprising a depression (7) for samples, located on an insertion tip (11) in such a way that once the insertion tip (11) has penetrated a liquid or a fruit, a sufficient quantity of the sample liquid remains in the depression (7) for samples, thus wetting a measuring surface (4) that is delimited in said depression by a transparent body. The refractive index of the wetting liquid can be determined by measuring the intensity of an optical beam that is reflected by the measuring surface (4).

Abstract: In an angle detecting apparatus and projector using range finder units, range finding calculations are performed in plural directions using line type passive range finders as the range finding units. An average value of inclination angles calculated based on the range finding calculations is selected as the inclination angle. Thus, if one range finding result has an abnormal value, the adverse effects thereof are reduced and the structure is miniaturized.

Abstract: A working position measuring system, comprising a rotary laser device for irradiating and rotating a laser beam and a photodetection sensor device for receiving the laser beam and for detecting a working position, wherein the rotary laser device comprises a laser projector for projecting at least two fan-shaped beams with at least one beam tilted, and the photodetection sensor device comprises at least one photodetection unit for receiving the fan-shaped beams and an arithmetic unit for calculating an elevation angle relative to the rotary laser device based on photodetection signals produced when the photodetection unit receives the light beam.