Abstract: An optical scanning device for scanning an information layer (104) of an optical record carrier (102) includes a radiation source (110) for generating a radiation beam (108) and a high-NA objective system (118) for converging the radiation beam on the information layer. The objective system includes a first lens (116) and a second lens (117). The first lens includes a glass body and the second lens is made of plastic. The signs of the temperature-dependences of the spherical aberration of the first and second lens are different, thereby reducing the temperature-dependence of the spherical aberration of the objective system as a whole.

Abstract: A position micro-perturbation device is disclosed, comprising two wedge-shaped lenses mounted coaxially and rotatable with respect to each other to change the light path of an image and bring about position micro-perturbation. A photodetector is used to pick up the image as a result of the position micro-perturbation, and an image-processing algorithm is further used for calculation. The amount of displacement and direction of the light path of the image is freely adjustable so that the position micro-perturbation can be occurred at any position. Hence, the resolution of the photodetector is high. Furthermore, because fewer wedge-shaped lenses mounted coaxially are used, the size of the position micro-perturbation device, as a whole, can be small and achieved at reasonable cost.

Abstract: A pickup lens is provided in which various aberrations are satisfactorily corrected, which can be manufactured at low cost, and which has an optical length of 10 mm or less. This pickup lens is configured by arranging, in order from the object side, a first lens L1 with a meniscus shape with concave surface on the object side and having negative refractive power, an aperture diaphragm S, a second lens L2 with convex surfaces on both sides and having positive refractive power, a third lens L3 with concave surfaces on both sides and having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens L4 with convex surfaces on both sides and having positive refractive power; and with the following conditions satisfied.

Abstract: A four-group endoscope objective lens includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group of negative refractive power, a second lens group of positive refractive power, a diaphragm, and third and fourth lens groups of positive refractive power. The second and fourth lens groups each include a lens component that includes two lens elements. Some lens elements of the first, third, and fourth lens groups have particular shapes or refractive powers. The endoscope objective lens may include only six lens elements and satisfy certain specified conditions.

Abstract: An insertion type lens assembly for an optical system which connects a plastic lens and a plastic lens, a plastic lens and a glass lens, or a plastic lens and a barrel. A separation mold surface is located different sides, and a spacer is located between the lenses. The concentric contact plane is located at the inner periphery of the lens core or the sleeve. The vertical contact plane is located at the inner periphery of the lens core or the machining surface of the sleeve. Such that the present invention can avoid hairs on the separation mold surface and increases the precision of the shape of the surface of insert.

Abstract: A projection lens regulator for a projection TV is disclosed to include of a base, a barrel, and an adjusting hoop. The base includes at least one guide slot positioned radially at a peripheral wall thereof. The barrel is fitted inside the base and includes at least one slope guide groove positioned radially at a peripheral wall thereof. The adjusting hoop is fitted on the base. At least one slide member is mounted on the adjusting hoop and inserted into the guide groove of the barrel through the guide slot of the base. The adjusting hoop is turned to drive the slide member to move along the slope guide groove of the barrel, and then the slide member drives the barrel to move with respect to the base axially.

Abstract: Structures including piezoelectric actuators, actuator arrays, and deformable mirrors and processes for fabricating the structures are provided. The fabrication processes can manufacture arrays of actuators including piezoelectric materials using wafer-processing techniques. The actuators include piezoelectric layers sandwiched between electrodes that are mounted on flexures that provide electrical connections. The piezoelectric layers can be formed on sacrificial layers while flexures are formed in trenches or vias through the sacrificial layers. Removal of the sacrificial layers frees the piezoelectric layer and permits the piezoelectric layers to dish or warp when providing the actuator action. Alternative embodiments include actuators that are bimorphs or Rainbows.

Abstract: An automobile approaching on either side of another automobile, as the approaching car reaches to approximately. The rear tire either side of the car ahead of them, there is created a blind spot in the vision as viewed in the side mirrors. Passing auto believes that the car they are passing can see their turn signals and will proceed to pass and cut in front of them, but in reality the car in front does not see the signal. In front of them, but in reality the car in front does not see the signal. My invention places a prism at 2 to 15 degrees angled in the out side of the rear mirrors on both sides of the car. What the prism does allow the normal image of the regular rear mirror and additional image several feet outside of the view. There for allowing a car to to have complete view of a passing automobile.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-view mirror having a mirror frame including an inwardly disposed center and two outwardly disposed mirror mounting elements attached to the frame on opposite sides of the center. The multi-view mirror includes a first mirror having an outward edge pivotally mounted to one of the mounting elements of the frame and an inward edge disposed inwardly of the outward edge near the center of the frame and a second mirror having an outward edge pivotally mounted to one of the mounting elements of the frame and an inward edge disposed inwardly of the outward edge near the center of the frame. The first mirror and second mirror are angularly positionable relative to the frame wherein at least one of the first and second mirrors are pivoted about one of the mounting elements to form a generally angled mirror.

Abstract: A device capable of exchanging image projection directions includes an inner body provided with an internal reflector having adjustable angles and a horizontal light permeation aperture; an accommodation tube formed at the rear of the inner body and an upper light permeation aperture formed at the top of the accommodation tube; an outer accommodation barrel disposed with at least two connection openings at the outer periphery thereof; and an inner accommodation barrel disposed with a long orifice and an outer connection opening, and is further flexibly connected into the outer accommodation barrel and fixed around the accommodation tube, such that the long orifice corresponds to the upper light permeation aperture for forming a path for light beams. The connection openings are connected to binocular connection barrels having various magnifications in advance, thereby viewing images with different magnifications and viewing ranges without dismantling or assembly of the binocular connection barrels.

Abstract: A motorized tilt actuator assembly comprises one or more threaded jack screws attached to a mirror glass case and traveling along one or more threaded actuator shafts with rotation of the motor. When a jack screw reaches its limit of travel, relative movement between the actuator shaft and the glass case can occur through a slip clutch mechanism during such time as the motor continues to operate. In one embodiment, the relative movement is accommodated by a spherical actuator head rotating in a compressively spring-biased socket. In another embodiment, the relative movement is accommodated by slippage along a friction surface interposed between the actuator shaft and the motor. Manual repositioning of the mirror can be accommodated by slippage of the jack screw threads past the actuator shaft threads, or by a coarse threaded interconnection of the jack screw and the actuator shaft.

Abstract: A rear view hunting mirror which is characterized by a mirror mounted on one end of a flexible “gooseneck” coupling, with a curved mount bracket attached to the opposite end of the flexible coupling and fitted with an adjustable mount strap and buckle combination for attaching the rear view hunting mirror to a post, tree or a tree limb. The mirror can then be manipulated into position in front of a hunter in the tree or a hunter positioned on a tree stand attached to the tree or post, for viewing the area behind the hunter and spotting game in that area. A camouflage sheath can be fitted over the flexible coupling to aid in camouflaging the rear view hunting mirror from deer and other game. The flexible coupling has multiple, removable coupling digits connected in a friction-fit and attached to the mirror and to the bracket to facilitate a flexible coupling of desired length.

Abstract: A method of measuring the degree of thermal pole tip protrusion (TPTP) of a magnetic head and controlling a recording current in consideration of the degree of TPTP, in relation to a hard disk drive includes measuring the rate of errors contained in data by performing writing and reading operations while changing the level of an overshoot current (OSC), detecting a minimum error rate and a maximum error rate while changing a range of the OSC, and determining the degree of TPTP by measuring the difference between the minimum error rate and the error rate at the maximum OSC.

Abstract: Systems are provided for improving servo-demodulation robustness. The SAM pattern is searched for in a servo wedge. If the SAM pattern is detected in the first servo wedge, a determination is made whether to characterize the detection of the SAM pattern as either a good SAM detection or a bad SAM detection. If the detection of the SAM pattern is characterized as a good SAM detection, one or more channel control values (e.g., servo AGC and/or PLL values) associated with the first servo wedge are used as (or to predict) starting values when beginning to read a next servo wedge. However, if the SAM pattern is not detected, or a detection is characterized as bad, one or more previously stored or predicted channel control values are used as (or to predict) starting values when beginning to read the next servo wedge.

Abstract: Provides a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus having an amplified apparatus, which is switched from a recording state to a readout state based on a control signal; reads out a signal containing a servo signal by the signal readout means; and includes the amplifier apparatus for amplifying the signal with an amplifier and outputting the amplified signal; and filters the signals by the filtering means that allows high frequency part of signals to pass through with the first cutoff frequency during the first prescribed time period after the readout state has been initiated; the second cutoff frequency that is lower than the first cutoff frequency during the second prescribed time period after the first prescribed time period has passed; and the third cutoff frequency that is lower than the second cutoff frequency after the second prescribed time period has passed.

Abstract: Systems are provided for improving servo-demodulation robustness. Multiple occurrences of a SAM pattern are searched for in a single servo wedge. Each detection of the SAM pattern in the servo wedge is charactered as a good SAM detection or a bad SAM detection. If more than one detection of the SAM pattern in the servo wedge are characterized as good SAM detections, one of the detections is selected as the best good SAM detection. Further servo functions can then be performed based on the best good SAM detection.

Abstract: Methods are provided for improving servo-demodulation robustness. Multiple occurrences of a SAM pattern are searched for in a single servo wedge. Each detection of the SAM pattern in the servo wedge is charactered as a good SAM detection or a bad SAM detection. If more than one detection of the SAM pattern in the servo wedge are characterized as good SAM detections, one of the detections is selected as the best good SAM detection. Further servo functions can then be performed based on the best good SAM detection.

Abstract: Systems are provided for improving servo-demodulation robustness. SAM pattern detections are characterized as either good SAM detections or bad SAM detections. Further servo functions are then based on whether the detection of the SAM pattern in a servo wedge was characterized as a good SAM detection or characterized as a bad SAM detection.

Abstract: Methods are provided for improving servo-demodulation robustness. SAM pattern detections are characterized as either good SAM detections or bad SAM detections. Further servo functions are then based on whether the detection of the SAM pattern in a servo wedge was characterized as a good SAM detection or characterized as a bad SAM detection.

Abstract: Methods are provided for improving servo-demodulation robustness. A SAM pattern is searched for in a servo wedge. If the SAM pattern is detected in the first servo wedge, a determination is made whether to characterize the detection of the SAM pattern as either a good SAM detection or a bad SAM detection. If the detection of the SAM pattern is characterized as a good SAM detection, at least one channel control value (e.g., servo AGC and/or PLL values) associated with the first servo wedge is used as a starting channel control value (or to predict a starting channel control value) when beginning to read a next servo wedge. However, if the SAM pattern is not detected, or a SAM detection is characterized as bad, at least one previously stored channel control value is used as a starting channel control value (or to predict a starting channel control value) when beginning to read the next servo wedge.

Abstract: In order to increase the performance and reliability of devices including rotatable storage media, individual characteristics of device elements or heads can be determined and used to set performance criteria. The off-track capability and track mis-registration of an element or head can be determined and used to set individualized end-of-seek criteria for elements or heads of devices including rotatable storage media.

Abstract: The invention concerns digital audio precompensation, and particularly the design of digital precompensation filters. The invention proposes an audio precompensation filter design scheme that uses a novel class of design criteria. Briefly, filter parameters are determined based on a weighting between, on one hand, approximating the precompensation filter to a fixed, non-zero filter component and, on the other hand, approximating the precompensated model response to a reference system response. For design purposes, the precompensation filter is preferably regarded as being additively decomposed into a fixed, non-zero component and an adjustable compensator component. The fixed component is normally configured by the filter designer, whereas the adjustable compensator component is determined by optimizing a criterion function involving the above weighting.

Abstract: A system and methods for efficiently performing media writing functions is disclosed. The system and methods include: detecting media movement with respect to a base and heads during reading and writing, and moving the heads in response; using an interferometer, such as a dual beam differential interferometer, to dynamically monitor disk position and address perceived errors; and minimizing repeatable and non repeatable runout error by writing data, such as servo bursts, in multiple revolutions to average adverse runout conditions. The present system has the ability to use an interferometer to enhance media certification and perform on line, in situ monitoring of the media, and includes shrouding, head mounting, disk biasing, and related mechanical aspects beneficial to media writing.

Abstract: Magnetic disk apparatus includes an electric wiringg capable of satisfying an electric condition under which high frequency recording higher than or equal to 200 MHz, a magnetic head having at least a recording device to a magnetic recording medium, and also the electric wiring corresponding to a recording current supplying device to this magnetic head are formed on a suspension member for mechanically suspending the magnetic head, the recording current being supplied to a magnetic head recording device by employing such electric wiring, the characteristic impedance of which is higher than a maximum impedance of the magnetic head recording device.

Abstract: An agravity sensor is a mechanical switch which is opened in an agravity state. A CPU determines based on the output from this agravity sensor if the self apparatus is falling. If it is determined that the self apparatus is falling, the CPU instructs an IDE interface controller to transmit an unload command for retracting a magnetic head to an HDD. At this time, the CPU uses, as the unload command, a reset signal independent from general commands such as a read signal, write signal, and the like, which are processed by the HDD in the order they are accepted.

Abstract: A servo system wherein a read head R detects a servo pattern that is written on a magnetic disk by a write head W. Position control of the write head W is exercised in accordance with the detected servo pattern, and the read head R detects a propagation pattern that is written on the magnetic disk by the write head W. Position of the write head W is corrected in accordance with the detected propagation pattern.

Abstract: A disk drive comprises a controller (70) that calculates a drive signal for positioning a head at a desired track on the basis of a desired track-position signal and a measured head-position signal, and a drive circuit for driving a voice-coil motor. The drive circuit includes a current feedback amplifier (21) and a voltage feedback amplifier (50), which can be selectively used. The controller (70) is provided with a speed limiter for determining a maximum speed limiting the speed of a head. The voltage feedback amplifier of the drive circuit is used when the head-position signal is unstable or otherwise malfunctioning, and the current feedback amplifier of the drive circuit is used when the head-position signal is normal.

Abstract: A magnetic disk device protection mechanism comprises a sensor that acquires information on changes in the environment of a magnetic disk device, a sensor driver, a shock manager that analyzes the information acquired by the sensor driver together with a history of the information to determine the status where the magnetic disk device is used to predict a shock, and an HDD filter driver that controls operations of the magnetic disk device including the escape of a magnetic head. The magnetic disk device can also comprise a diagnosis processing section that operates if a shock has occurred actually, to check whether or not the magnetic head could have completely escaped before the occurrence of this shock to carry out diagnosis as to whether or not a fault is occurring in the magnetic disk.

Abstract: A magnetic disk apparatus includes a magnetic disk with normal and double servo sectors arranged alternately. If a servo interruption period corresponding to adjacent first servo sectors is a first servo interruption period, then a second servo interruption period that is a servo interruption period corresponding to adjacent first servo sector and second servo sector is equal to or less than half of the first servo interruption period.

Abstract: In order to increase the performance and reliability of devices including rotatable storage media, individual characteristics of device elements or heads can be determined and used to set performance criteria. The off-track capability and track mis-registration of an element or head can be determined and used to set individualized end-of-seek criteria for elements or heads of devices including rotable storage media.

Abstract: In order to increase the performance and reliability of devices including rotatable storage media, individual characteristics of device elements or heads can be determined and used to set performance criteria. The off-track capability and track mis-registration of an element or head can be determined and used to set individualized thresholds for elements or heads of devices including rotatable storage media.

Abstract: In order to increase the performance and reliability of devices including rotatable storage media, individual characteristics of device elements or heads can be determined and used to set performance criteria. The off-track capability and track mis-registration of an element or head can be determined and used to set individualized thresholds for elements or heads of devices including rotatable storage media.

Abstract: Clock speed of the processor in a hard disk drive is controlled during run time to optimize the trade-off between minimizing power consumption and maximizing performance. Processor clock speed is increased during processing of code more performance critical to the disk drive system, while processor clock speed is reduced when less performance critical code is processed. An example of more critical code where processor clock speed is increased is the code executed by the processor from the start of a servo interrupt until output of resulting servo current command is provided from the processor to the actuator controller. To enable changing processor clock speed, an ASIC containing the disk drive processor is selected which provides the ability to switch clock rates of the processor during processor run time.

Abstract: A pole base assembly driving device for a tape recorder is disclosed. Manufacturing of decks becomes simpler and at lower cost. The pole base assembly driving device has a loading gear rotatably disposed on the deck, and rotated by a driving force which is transmitted from a driving source installed on the deck. The pole base assembly further comprises an elastic rod connected by one end to the loading gear, and connected by the other end to a link member which is connected with the pole base assembly. The elastic rod is preferably made of a material which is elastically bendable by an external force, and preferably comprises a deformation restricting means for restricting a deformation of the elastic rod when the elastic rod is deformed by the rotation of the loading gear, such as protrusions on the concave side of the rod when deformed and a reinforcement member. As a result, the number of parts and manufacturing cost is reduced, and deterioration of durability due to breakage of parts can be avoided.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for loading/unloading a pair of pole-base assemblies that are reciprocated along a guide rail formed on a main deck to move a magnetic tape to contact to a head drum. The driving apparatus includes a first and a second link member, each connected with one end to each pole-base assembly, a first and a second loading gears, each connected to the other end of the first and the second link member, and being rotated in association with each other; and a main gear which is rotated by the power received from a driving motor mounted on the main deck and selectively engaged with the first loading gear upon rotation thereof. The main gear is rotated in association with one of the loading gears within a desired rotational range upon rotation thereof, so as to transfer power for loading/unloading the pole-base assembly.

Abstract: Methods of forming a head assembly, a head assembly, and a linear tape drive are provided. One aspect provides a method of forming a head assembly including providing a base member; forming a plurality of head components upon the base member individually adapted to communicate information relative to a tape; providing a plurality of component regions adjacent respective ones of the head components and a path of travel of the tape; and providing a support region intermediate adjacent ones of the head components and positioned to support the tape moving along the path of travel, the support region comprising a material different than a material of the component regions.

Abstract: A magnetic head includes a slider and an electromagnetic conversion element. The slider includes a base, a protective film and a medium opposing surface along a long direction of the magnetic head. The protective film is provided on a side surface of the base so as to be integrated with the base. The electromagnetic conversion element is provided on the side surface of the base, and covered with the protective film. A distance &agr;1 between the electromagnetic conversion element and a medium contacting edge of the protective film is set within 50-200 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A flying head slider includes a slider body. The upstream or leading end of a bottom surface on the slider body is defined along a first datum line extending in the lateral direction of the slider body. The first datum line may be set perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of the slider body. The upstream or leading end of the front air bearing surface is defined along a second datum line intersecting the first datum line at a predetermined inclined angle. As the incidence angle of an airflow colliding against a step defined at the leading end of the front air bearing surface gets decreased, the pitch angle of the slider body also gets decreased in the flying head slider during flight.

Abstract: Assemblies in accordance with the present invention can replace cumbersome and potentially contaminating bearing assemblies for rotary actuators. One such assembly comprises a bearing assembly with a threaded base for insertion into a bore, wherein the bore includes threads for engaging the threaded base of the bearing assembly, eliminating the contamination associated with glueing. The bearing assembly is designed such that it can be disconnected from the rotary actuator for rework without damaging or contaminating the rotary actuator or bearing assembly. This description is not intended to be a complete description of, or limit the scope of, the invention. Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures, and the claims.

Abstract: Assemblies in accordance with the present invention can access a data storage medium having one or more disks. One such assembly comprises a mounting block including a bore and at least one arm connected with the mounting block. A flexible member is connected with the at least one arm and a head is associated with the flexible member. The head is positioned over the surface of the disk. The arm is designed such that it can be disconnected from the mount without disassembling the bore. By having a removably fastened arm, the assembly can be built at a relatively low cost and without misalignment and deformation. This description is not intended to be a complete description of, or limit the scope of, the invention. Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures, and the claims.

Abstract: Assemblies in accordance with the present invention can access a data storage medium having one or more disks. One such assembly comprises a mounting block including a bore and spacer, an arm stack connected with the top surface of the spacer, and a bottom arm connected with the bottom surface of the spacer. The arm stack comprises module(s) stacked on a top arm. The arm stack and bottom arm are designed such that either can be disconnected from the mounting block without disassembling the bore. By having a removably fastened arm stack and bottom arm, the assembly can be built at a relatively low cost without deformation. This description is not intended to be a complete description of, or limit the scope of, the invention. Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures, and the claims.

Abstract: A head drum assembly for a compact-size camcorder such as a digital video camera comprised of a drum cover, stationary and rotating drum, a subcircuit board, a stationary and rotating transformer and a motor stator and rotor. By forming the drum cover, which is attached to the shaft of the rotary drum above the rotary drum, with a conductive material such as an aluminum alloy, the need for a conductive bushing member and earthing plate for the insulating drum cover of the head drum assembly can be omitted, resulting in an overall simpler. As the number of components and manufacturing steps decreases, the manufacturing costs decrease and productivity increases.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a microactuator device. The method includes providing a first sheet of material. The first sheet of material includes a plurality of gimbal structure regions. Each of the gimbal structure regions is spatially disposed on the first sheet of material. Each of the gimbal structure regions is capable of removal during a subsequent process. The method also includes providing a second sheet of material. The second sheet of material includes a plurality of actuator devices thereon. Each of the actuator devices is spatially disposed on the second sheet of material. Each of the actuator devices has an attachment surface. The method includes positioning the first sheet of material to the second sheet of material such that at least one of the attachment surface of one of the actuator devices is aligned with at least one gimbal region. The attachment surface of the one of the actuator devices is coupled with the gimbal region to connect the attachment surface with the gimbal region.

Abstract: An integrated gimbal and PZT structure. The structure includes a substrate, which has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is opposite to the second surface and sandwiches a thickness of material of the substrate. The structure also includes an isolation layer formed overlying the first surface of the substrate and a patterned layer of PZT material overlying the isolation layer overlying the substrate. A tongue portion is formed from a first portion of the substrate for a gimbal structure of a suspension assembly. A spring portion is formed from a second portion of the substrate. The spring portion is coupled between a lower portion of the suspension assembly and the tongue portion.

Abstract: A method (and apparatus) for operating a disk drive apparatus. The method includes moving a movable member about a fixed position to move a read/write head coupled to a slider to a selected track on a disk. The selected track is at least one of a plurality of tracks. The method includes adjusting a position of the read/write head using an actuating device integrated on the gimbal. The actuating step moves the read/write head relative in a manner normal to the track on the magnetic disk to align the read/write head on the track using a finer and faster alignment of the read/write head than the moveable support member.

Abstract: A method (and apparatus) for operating a disk drive apparatus. The method includes moving a movable member about a fixed position to move a read/write head coupled to a slider to a selected track on a disk. The selected track is at least one of a plurality of tracks. The method includes adjusting a position of the read/write head using an actuating device coupled between the read/write head and the slider. The actuating step moves the read/write head relative in a manner normal to the track on the magnetic disk to align the read/write head on the track using a finer and faster alignment of the read/write head than the moveable support member.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic head assembly includes a core block, a magnetoresistive element disposed adjacent to an insulating layer inside the core block, a base plate on which the core block is mounted, an insulating junction substrate mounted on at least one surface of the base plate, and lines connecting the magnetoresistive element to terminals disposed on the junction substrate. The relationship CPWB/CMR<1.5 is satisfied, wherein CMR is the capacitance of the core block including the magnetoresistive element, and CPWB is the capacitance of a section including the junction substrate and the base plate.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic head comprises a magnetoresistive film, a pair of magnetic domain control layers for applying a bias magnetic field to the magnetoresistive film, a pair of electrode layers for supplying a current to the magnetoresistive film, first and second shield layers for shielding the magnetoresistive film, a first insulating layer disposed between the magnetoresistive film and magnetic domain control layer and the first shield layer, and a second insulating layer disposed between the magnetoresistive film and electrode layer and the second shield layer. The shield layers have a distance therebetween shorter at a position where the electrode layer and magnetic domain control layer are laminated than that at a position where the magnetoresistive film is located.

Abstract: The operating voltage of an integrated circuit (e.g., a processor) is changed in response to one or more conditions (e.g., a laptop computer is connected to an AC power source). Both the operating frequency and the operating voltage of the integrated circuit are changed. The voltage regulator providing the operating voltage to the integrated circuit is caused to transition between voltage levels using one or more intermediate steps. The integrated circuit continues to operate in the normal manner both at the new voltage and throughout the voltage transition.

Abstract: An LED display assembly, comprising a grid of electrical conductors; light emitting diodes in association with the grid and in electrical communication with the conductors that provide power for LED operation, the grid operable to receive heat from the diodes during diode operation, and the array configured for passing coolant fluid for transfer of heat to the fluid. LED packages adjustable relative to a mounting grid, are also provided.