Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating hydrogen from oil shale. Crushed oil shale may be placed in a chamber and combusted with carbon monoxide, oxygen and steam to form a gas stream of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide stream may be passed through a mechanism to produce hydrogen. In one embodiment, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide stream may be passed through a catalytic converter to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide may be cooled further and passed through a scrubber to remove the carbon dioxide such that hydrogen is produced. In another embodiment, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide may be passed through fluidized beds of magnetite to produce the hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of suppressing bone marrow (BM) and treating conditions that arise in or near bone such as cancer, myeloproliferative diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases or genetic diseases, with compositions having as their active ingredient a radionuclide complexed with a chelating agent such as macrocyclic aminophosphonic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for measuring the rate of gastric emptying in animals, including humans. The methods of the invention measure the rate of stomach emptying by administration of a marker agent in a delayed-release formulation or food vehicle and blood or serum levels of the marker agent are monitored over time. The blood or serum levels of a marker agent reflect the gastric emptying rate. Incorporating such agents in foods also delays the absorption of such agents and serves as a measure of digestion and gastric emptying. These methods may be used to screen for drugs, herbal substances and other compounds that modulate gastric emptying, such as by increasing prokinetic activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for screening for the effect of a test agent on a population of biological specimens, preferably insects, comprising the steps of providing a population of specimens, administering at least one test agent to the population, creating a digitized movie showing the movements of members of the population, measuring at least one trait of members of the population, and correlating the traits of the population with the effect of the test agent. The invention also provides a method for preparing a medicament useful for the treatment of a mammalian disease.

Abstract: A barium sulfate-based powder is produced by bringing barium ions (A) into contact with sulfate ions (B) in the presence of one or more metallic ion species (C) selected from the group consisting of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions. Thus, barium sulfate-based powders having various characteristics and thus satisfying functional requirements for cosmetics can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are agents for enhancing the contrast in an ultrasound image. These agents are extremely small bubbles, or “microbubbles,” comprised of specially selected gases. The microbubbles described herein exhibit long life spans in solution and may be produced at a size small enough to traverse the lungs, thus enabling improved ultrasound imaging of the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Also disclosed herein is a method for selecting gases from which contrast agents may be produced. The method is based on calculations using inherent physical properties of gases and describes a means to associate the properties of a gas with the time for dissolution of microbubbles comprised of the gas.

Abstract: Air or gas filled microballoons bounded by an interfacially deposited polymer membrane which can be dispersed in aqueous carrier liquids to be injected into living organisms or administered orally, rectally and urethrally for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes (echography). The properties of the polymeric membrane of the microballoons (elasticity, permeability, biodegradability) can be controlled at will depending on the selected polymer, the interfacial deposition conditions, and the polymer additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tamper-resistant transdermal dosage form comprising an active agent, such as an opioid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a free base of an adverse agent, such as an opioid antagonist, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of an adverse agent, such as an opioid antagonist. The transdermal dosage form allows an effective amount of the active agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to be transdermally administered to an animal. The invention further relates to methods for treating or preventing pain in an animal comprising contacting the skin of an animal in need thereof with the transdermal dosage form of the invention for an amount of time sufficient to treat or prevent pain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical that includes, in combination, a resinate and an aversive agent. The resinate includes an ion exchange resin and an drug. The drug is a controlled substance. In variants of the invention, both the aversive agent and the controlled substance are loaded onto the ion exchange resin; the aversive agent is loaded onto the ion exchange resin, and the controlled substance is not loaded onto the ion exchange resin; the controlled substance is loaded onto the ion exchange resin, and the aversive agent is not loaded onto the ion exchange resin; or, the controlled substance is loaded onto a first ion exchange resin, and the aversive agent is loaded onto an ion exchange resin different from the first ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medicinal aerosol solution formulation product with improved chemical stability, comprising a pressurized metered dose inhaler, comprising an aerosol canister equipped with a metering valve and containing a medicinal aerosol solution formulation containing an active ingredient subject to a degradation by means of peroxides or other leachables, a hydrofluorocarbon propellant, a co-solvent and optionally a low-volatility component, wherein optionally part or all of the internal surfaces of said inhaler consists of stainless steel, anodized aluminum or are lined with an inert organic coating, and wherein the canister has a rim with rounded edges which avoids contact of a sharp edge with the rubber materials used as valve gaskets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of antidepressants through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing an antidepressant that are used in inhalation therapy. In a method aspect of the present invention, an antidepressant is administered to a patient through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition comprises an antidepressant to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles with less than 5% antidepressant degradation products. In a kit aspect of the present invention, a kit for delivering an antidepressant through an inhalation route to a mammal is provided which comprises: a) a thin coating of an antidepressant composition and b) a device for dispensing said thin coating as a condensation aerosol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing NSAIDs that are used in inhalation therapy. In a method aspect of the present invention, an NSAID is delivered to a patient through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition comprises an NSAID, to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles with less than 5% NSAID degradation products. In a kit aspect of the present invention, a kit for delivering an NSAID through an inhalation route is provided which comprises: a) a thin coating of an NSAID composition and b) a device for dispensing said thin coating as a condensation aerosol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of a migraine headache drug through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing a migraine headache drug that are used in inhalation therapy. In a method aspect of the present invention, a migraine headache drug is administered to a patient through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition a migraine headache drug, to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles aerosol comprising particles with less than 5% drug degradation products. In a kit aspect of the present invention, a kit for delivering a migraine headache drug through an inhalation route is provided which comprises: a) a thin coating of an a migraine drug composition and b) a device for dispensing said thin coating as a condensation aerosol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of analgesics through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing acetaminophen, orphenadrine or tramadol that are used in inhalation therapy. In a method aspect of the present invention, an analgesic is administered to a patient through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition acetaminophen, orphenadrine or tramadol, to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles with less than 5% acetaminophen, orphenadrine or tramadol degradation products. In a kit aspect of the present invention, a kit for delivering acetaminophen, orphenadrine or tramadol through an inhalation is provided which comprises: a) a thin coating of an acetaminophen, orphenadrine or tramadol composition and b) a device for dispensing said thin coating as a condensation aerosol.

Abstract: A film preparation of a three-layer structure which comprises: a nicotine-containing layer comprising nicotine and an edible water-soluble polymer and having a 180-degree peel strength in application to a Bakelite plate of 1 g to 30 g/20 mm and a solubility in water of 3 minutes to 10 minutes,

Abstract: Liquid dentifrice compositions are provided which give improved cleaning performance and flavour display when used in the small amounts that can be dispensed onto a typical electric toothbrush head. The liquid dentifrice has a viscosity of less than about 500 Pa.s at 0.1 s−1 at 25° C. Representative compositions include greater than about 2% by weight of a surfactant; greater than about 1.2% flavour and greater than 50% liquid carrier materials, including controlled amounts of water and humectants, or alternatively polyoxyethylene thickeners.

Abstract: A dentifrice composition comprising an orally acceptable vehicle having distributed therein a water hydratable film flakes having a matrix comprised of a water soluble hydroxy alkyl cellulose polymer and a starch, and having entrained therein a constituent selected from therapeutic cosmetic and decorative materials.

Abstract: A composition for treating periodontal disease by means of a therapeutic agent delivery device placed within the periodontal pocket so that release of the therapeutic agents occurs in the immediate vicinity of the disease process, without that a release adjusting agent or adhesive agent is present so that biocompatibility or allergic problems cannot arise. The composition comprises a therapeutic agent in a biocompatible polymeric material. The therapeutic agent is soluble both in water and in alcohol and the biocompatible polymeric material is a liquid methacrylate copolymer such as EUDRAGIT® RL, EUDRAGIT® RS or a mixture thereof. The polymers are provided as a liquid in an alcoholic solution, (preferably about 96%), or hydro-alcoholic solution (preferably 20:80 w/w). When the polymer is spread on a surface, the alcohol evaporates and the polymer forms a polymeric film on that surface. When water present in the mouth tissues permeates through the material, the therapeutic agent is released.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oral composition comprising a polymeric surface active agent wherein the oral composition provides surface conditioning effects on a subject's teeth and/or oral mucosa. The surface conditioning effects include (a) increased hydrophilic character of oral surfaces as measured by a decrease in water contact angles or an increase in anionic surface charge and surface charge density and (b) decreased pellicle film thickness. The present invention also relates to methods of providing surface conditioning effects to a subject's tooth and mucosal surfaces and methods of preventing and controlling tartar and tooth staining by administering to the subject an oral composition comprising a polymeric surface active agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of enhancing fluoride incorporation into teeth and mineralization of teeth by use of oral care compositions comprising the combination of one or more fluoride ion sources and specialized phosphonate containing polymers or telomers. The present methods provide enhanced protection of teeth against caries and cavities and increased resistance to acid demineralization associated with caries processes as well as anticalculus (antitartar) benefits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved sunscreen compositions, more preferably to improved sunscreen compositions containing at least one sunscreening agent (sunscreen) and a silicone-polyamide copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition containing (i) a lipophilic sunscreen, (ii) a copolymer of sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate and one or more acryls, and (iii) an oil-absorbant.

Abstract: The invention consists of a process for producing new carotenoid compounds from lutein, which for the purposes of this description the new carotenoids are cis isomers of lutein, zeaxanthin, and lutein esters. The cis-isomer products are carotenoid compounds having UV absorption properties and are formed by preparing a solution of lutein and a liquid, refluxing the solution, cooling the solution to room temperature, and centrifuging the solution to remove trans-lutein crystals. The present invention particularly provides for a product, produced under mild conditions, of cis-isomers, which are preferred due to their increased UV absorption and lighter pigmentation, and thus creating an improved topically applied personal care product further having the same antioxidant characteristics as trans-isomers used before. The cis-isomer products may be used in topically applied personal care products or various food and beverage products and dietary supplements.

Abstract: A sunscreen composition is provided. The sunscreen composition includes a mixture of a skin bonding polymer composition comprising hydrophobic polymer/hydrophilic polymer adduct, at least one sunscreen active ingredient in an amount effective to provide the sunscreen with an SPF value of at least 4, and water in an amount effective to provide the composition with a texture suitable for application to skin. The hydrophobic polymer/hydrophilic polymer adduct can be prepared by melt processing a hydrophobic polymer composition that includes repeating pyrrolidone/alkylene groups wherein the alkylene groups contain at least 10 carbon atoms, and a hydrophilic polymer composition including repeating carboxylic groups and/or repeating hydroxyl groups. Methods for manufacturing and using a sunscreen are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a UV-screening and color-changing composition and its preparing method, the composition comprising spiro oxazine and spiro pyran as an optical color-changing pigment combined with an animal fat or vegetable oil, and additionally an antioxidant and a stabilizer, which composition has a higher sun protection factor (SPF) and can be used as a cosmetic or skin-protecting photo-sensitive material to increase the color-developing concentration when exposed to solar or UV radiation and to provide a cream or oil formation ready to color development or decolorization. The composition has a higher SPF number compared with the conventional skin protecting compositions and, particularly has an ability of changing in color and screening UV radiation without any irritation on the skin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic treatment process for improving the epidermal barrier function of the skin, scalp and mucous membrane, characterized in that a preparation containing at least one substance which modulates tight junctions and/or which modulates occludin and/or claudins and/or which modulates the Zona occludens through the proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and/or ZO-3 is topically applied.

Abstract: A plurality of sheet-like substrates infused by an aqueous self-tanning position is enclosed in a dispensing enclosure, from which they may be removed one at a time. The self-tanning composition adheres to each substrate while in the container, and transfers from the substrate when applied to the skin of a user. The aqueous self-tanning composition comprises 45% to 65% by weight of aqueous extract of Japanese green tea, 5% to 15% dihydroxyacetone, 5% to 25% ethylethoxydyglycol, 3% to 10% PPG-12-Buteth-16, 1% to 13% of a humectant, 0.05% to 0.5% of minerals, and other trace constituents such as an exfoliator, moisturizer, colorant, anti-oxidant, tanning accelerator, preservative, and sunscreen. The substrates are infused by being placed in a vacuum chamber in which they can be agitated and tumbled, and the ingredients are added in a specific order at specific temperatures, with tumbling and agitation following each step for a specific period of time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solution, for topical application to a nail. The solution comprises between about 30% to about 85% DMSO by weight of the solution, a medicine, water and at least one of a moisturizing agent for assisting to retain moisture in the nail and prevent the nail from dehydrating, a dispersant for assisting to disperse the components in solution to provide a homogeneous solution when applied and when penetrating the nail, and a solubilizing agent for the medicine.

Abstract: There is provided a composition for lightening skin having an effective amount of a glycolipid. There is also provided a composition for lightening skin having an effective amount of a glycolipid and a second lightening material. There is also provided methods for lightening skin including applying the compositions of the present invention to the skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for application to keratin fibers, preferably hair, more preferably the hair of the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes, and most preferably the eyelashes. The composition comprises a post-foaming gel containing a film forming agent and, optionally, a colorant, preferably a pigment. The present invention also provides a method for imparting a volumizing effect to hair of the scalp, eyebrows or eyelashes.

Abstract: There is provided an aqueous cosmetic composition. The composition has an amount of a water-resistant film former and an amount of an oil-resistant film former effective to impart resistance to both water and oil when applied to the lip and/or skin. A preferred composition is a lip coloring and gloss product.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of fluorinated solvents non-volatile at room temperature in cosmetic or pharmaceutical products. The invention concerns any cosmetic or dermatological product comprising at least a functional and/or active, and/or aromatic and/or dyeing compound, characterised in that said dissolving agent is a hydrofluoroether corresponding to formula: CnFmOCxHy, wherein: the groups CnHm— and/or CxHy— are linear, branched or cyclized and n ranges between 7 and 12, m ranges between 14 and 25, x ranges between 1 and 8, and y ranges between 3 and 17, said hydrofluoroether being a liquid at room temperature and having a boiling point higher than 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention includes a hair clarifying composition for removing residue from hair. The composition includes an acid component and an amphoteric surfactant. The present invention further includes a method for using the hair clarifying composition to remove residue from the hair.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-based composition comprising a non-emulsifying crosslinked silicone elastomer in an amount effective to decrease the amount of sebum on the hair or scalp. The water-based compositions of the present invention are in non-emulsion form. More preferably, the water-based compositions of the present invention have a suspending agent in an amount effective to suspend the crosslinked silicone elastomer within the water-based composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising in a physiologically acceptable medium at least one phenylsilicone oil of high viscosity and at least one non-volatile hydrocarbon oil having a molecular mass of more than 500 g/mol. The composition possesses at least one good property chosen from staying power, gloss, and comfort.

Abstract: There are disclosed topical compositions for alleviation of skin irritation symptoms or conditions having at least one plant extract effective to inhibit COX-2, NGF, and/or TNF-alpha enzymes. Preferably, the compositions have a cosmetically, dermatologically, or pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. In addition to enzyme inhibitory plant material and acceptable vehicle, compositions may also have at least one active ingredient known to produce skin irritation. There is also a method for treatment of skin irritation symptoms or conditions involving topically applying compositions of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to topical compositions containing components of plants from the Purslane family and methods for improving the aesthetic appearance of skin, particularly, preventing, ameliorating, treating and/or reducing fine lines and/or wrinkles. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of topical compositions containing extract from the Portulaca oleracea plant to treat signs of dermatological aging, especially facial lines and deep wrinkles, and/or improve the aesthetic appearance of the skin. Preferably, the composition is applied once daily to the skin.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes natural and/or synthetic serine protease inhibitory agents or botanical extracts containing serine protease inhibitory activity, with or without the addition of one or more isoflavones and/or additional natural extracts containing one or more isoflavones, and their ability to affect changes in mammalian hair growth, hair follicle and hair shaft size and hair pigmentation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nano carbon ball for deodorization composed of porous carbon shells having a spherical hollow core. At least one metal selected from the group consisting of transition metal, oxidized transition metal and alkali metal salt is impregnated to the shell. This nano carbon ball for deodorization may adsorb various kinds of malodor substances together with good deodorizing capability. Thus, the nano carbon ball may give excellent deodorizing effects by capturing and resolving the malodor substances when it used as a deodorant for various daily necessaries or in houses, offices, industrial facilities and other various stinking circumstances.

Abstract: An antimicrobial skin composition comprised of an antimicrobial agent, an alcohol, one or more pH sensitive viscosity builders and water. Preferably, the viscosity builders of the present invention are comprised of pH sensitive methacrylic polymers which are alcohol compatible and have pH controlled water solubility. The composition combines the advantages of an antimicrobial agent and an alcohol, and has a viscosity of from 100 cp to 1,000. This viscosity is sufficiently low for purposes of dispensing and applying the preparation, yet sufficiently high to cause the solution to remain in the area of the wound and not flow away or pool under the patient. The preparation further forms a water-resistant film that is difficult to remove during wound irrigation, but can be easily removed upon completion of the procedure. Finally, the preparation is fast drying so as to take advantage of the fast high initial kill properties of alcohol.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a cardiovascular disorder comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of one or more agents for upregulating a cytokine profile characteristic of a Th1 T-cell response relative to a cytosine profile of a Th2 T-cell response associated with the disorder. There is further disclosed compositions for use in the methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fusion polypeptide which can bind to a cell surface binding moiety (e.g., a carbohydrate) and serve as a ligand for a cell surface polypeptide, as well as a vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding for such a fusion polypeptide, and a host cell comprising such nucleic acid. The present invention also provides a composition comprising an antigen bearing target and such a fusion polypeptide, as well as a composition comprising a virus or a cell and such a fusion polypeptide. The present invention further relates to a method of modulating an immune response in an animal using such compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions containing polypeptides, including therapeutic polypeptides such as interleukin-11, that are suitable for oral administration.

Abstract: Provided is a method of modulating T-cell activation, proliferation or apoptosis by contacting T-cells with a modulator of a Hedgehog signalling pathway or a modulator of a pathway which is a target of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Abstract: Compositions for preparation of oral dosage forms for administration of proteins and polypeptides are described. The compositions include a species capable of stabilizing the protein or polypeptide such that it retains biological activity during storage, for activity upon administration in vivo.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the synthesis of polymer conjugates of cytokines and receptor-binding antagonists thereof, especially a non-glycosylated interferon-beta, which conjugates retain unusually high biological potency. Preparation of polymer conjugates according to the methods of the present invention diminishes or avoids steric inhibition of receptor-ligand interactions that commonly results from the attachment of polymers to receptor-binding regions of cytokines, as well as to agonistic and antagonistic analogs thereof. The invention also provides conjugates and compositions produced by such methods. The conjugates of the present invention retain a high level of biological potency compared to those produced by traditional polymer coupling methods that are not targeted to avoid receptor-binding domains of cytokines.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the therapy of malignant diseases, such as leukemia and cancer, are disclosed. The compositions comprise one or more of a WT1 polynucleotide, a WT1 polypeptide, an antigen-presenting cell presenting a WT1 polypeptide, an antibody that specifically binds to a WT1 polypeptide; or a T cell that specifically reacts with a WT1 polypeptide. Such compositions may be used, for example, for the prevention and treatment of metastatic diseases.

Abstract: Genetically engineered, CD19-specific redirected immune cells expressing a cell surface protein having an extracellular domain comprising a receptor which is specific for CD19, an intracellular signaling domain, and a transmembrane domain. Use of such cells for cellular immunotherapy of CD19+ malignancies and for abrogating any untoward B cell function. In one embodiment, the immune cell is a T cell and the cell surface protein is a single chain scFvFc:&zgr; receptor where scFv designates the VH and VL chains of a single chain monoclonal antibody to CD19, Fc represents at least part of a constant region of an IgG1, and &zgr; represents the intracellular signaling domain of the zeta chain of human CD3. The extracellular domain scFvFc and the intracellular domain &zgr; are linked by a transmembrane domain such as the transmembrane domain of CD4. A method of making a redirected T cell expressing a chimeric T cell receptor by electroporation using naked DNA encoding the receptor.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods to deliver an anti-inflammatory composition, e.g., recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4), to build (or rebuild) bone tissue. The composition is produced from living osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) or odontoprogenitor cells.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for controlling disease at an end user location, including (a) testing a range of candidates including at least one of: (i) Bacillus species, (i) Bacillus strains, (iii) species of beneficial bacteria (iv) strains of beneficial bacteria and (v) strains of beneficial bacterial viruses, against samples including at least one of pathogenic Vibrio, Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and Gram positive pathogenic bacteria taken from an end user location; (b) performing at least one of the following steps: (i) selecting one or more of the candidates that one of inhibit and attack at least one of the samples by direct inhibition of at least one of in situ antibiotic production, competitive exclusion, production of enzymes that degrade quorum sensing molecules, and (ii) testing a range of quorum sensing inhibitor compounds against the samples; and (c) performing the steps (a) and (b) for the end user location, including one of a country, major region and individual end user