Abstract: A system and corresponding method of controlling switching between different types of channels in a cellular communications system (e.g., wideband CDMA). Timer timeout values (i.e., timer lengths) and/or buffer thresholds, used in determining if and when to switch from one type of channel to another for a given user connection, are chosen and/or dynamically adjusted based upon at least estimated or measured traffic load in a cell in which the user is located.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for termination of received network events (i.e., a packet received from the network) in a multiprocessing environment. Each processing node may handle one or more receive object queues, which may be linked in a linked list fashion, as well as a linked list of application stream queues to enable efficient termination of the received network events. Queues may be added, made inactive, or removed, depending on the status of a specific receive event the queue handles. By maintaining queues in memory the apparatus is easily scalable, linearly with the size of the memory made available.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a wireless ATM network with high quality of service scheduling are provided. In one embodiment, a wireless ATM network with per-VC scheduling, a virtual framer for periodical, request-less scheduling, and a virtual shaper for request-based scheduling are provided.

Abstract: Data over a range of values is stored using a segment tree data structure. One or more nodes are generated to cover the range of values based on a parent node in the segment tree data structure. The one or more nodes are generated by subdividing nodes of the segment tree data structure only along paths from the parent node to the one or more nodes. The data is stored in the one or more nodes.

Abstract: Link-based flow control requires each link transmitter to retain packets until such time as they are acknowledged by the link receiver. Depending on the type of acknowledge, the transmitter will then either retry or de-allocate the packets. To improve throughput, the present invention includes an optimistic transmitter, which transmits packets without knowing the state of the receiver buffer. By so doing, the present invention improves the latency caused by delays in transit time between nodes. Furthermore, single acknowledgments are used to indicate successful receipt of multiple packets. Single negative acknowledgments are used to indicate successful receipt of all data between a last acknowledged data packet and a packet associated with the negative acknowledgment, which was received with errors.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission cycle (HTC) unit of bandwidth on a shared transmission medium is defined to include an adaptive, time division multiplexing transmission cycle (ATTC), which is allocated in portions sequentially among all participating network entities, and a residual transmission cycle (RTC), which is allocated in portions, as available, to the first network entity requesting access to the shared medium during each particular portion. The ratio of logical link virtual channels, or D-Channels, to data payload virtual channels, or B-Channels, within the ATTC is adaptive depending on loading conditions. Based on transmission profiles transmitted on the D-Channels during the ATTC, each network entity determines how many B-Channels it will utilize within the current HTC. This calculation may be based on any decision network, such as a decision network modelling the transmission medium as a marketplace and employing microeconomic principles to determine utilization.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of dynamically prioritizing packets over a packet based network. Packets are dynamically prioritized on the basis of their ‘time to live’ in the network as they travel from one network entity to another. Packets are assigned a priority in accordance with how ‘old’ or ‘young’ they are. Packets with a relatively long time left to live are assigned lower priority then those with relatively little time left to live. A time to live (TTL) field is added to the packet as it travels from one network entity to another. The contents of the time to live (TTL) field represents how ‘young’ or ‘old’ the packet is and conveys the time left before the packet is no longer of any use. Each network entity that receives the packet with a TTL field, subtracts from it the time the packet spends passing through that entity. The field decreases as it hops from network entity to entity until it reaches its destination or is discarded.

Abstract: This is a system and method for optimally allocating multi-service traffic concentrators in telecommunications network. A problem model representing the telecommunications network topology is formulated and input to a linear programming algorithm for an optimal solution. In the model, data set indices are defined as those components and/or factors in the telecommunications network which affect various operations of the network, and include origination, concentration, and destination sites as well as different multiplexer levels at each of the sites. Decision variables representing measure of efficiency in the network and whose optimal values are to be computed by the linear program are defined to include concentrator node selection, concentrator to destination site connection status, and the number of optical carrier trunks for each concentrator. The values for each of the three variables provide the equipment quantity for optimally allocating multi-service traffic concentrators.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature-related transmissions in radiocommunication systems. A mobile station includes a measuring device for determining operating temperature. When the measured temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature, the mobile station can reduce its transmission rate, thereby reducing power dissipation within the device. The mobile station informs the system of the rate reduction, whereby the system can reallocate released resources, e.g., timeslots and/or spreading codes. The mobile station can also inform the user of the change in transmission rates and/or the temperature of the mobile station, whereupon the user can move to a better transmitting location. The mobile station can also take into account the transmit status of the current connection in determining when to reduce the transmission rate.

Abstract: A method is presented for efficiently utilizing network resources while routing voice communications over a packet-based data network with specified minimum quality of service requirements, where greater network resources are required to ensure higher quality of service parameters. A dial code can be entered by a user to specify an appropriate quality of service. If the dial code is valid, the call is routed with the specified quality of service. If the dial code is not valid, the call is routed with default minimum quality of service parameters. Also, a line may be associated with overriding minimum quality of service parameters, whereby all calls directed to such a line are automatically upgraded, if necessary, to conform to the overriding minimum quality of service parameters.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for adaptive data rate selection in a high data rate (HDR) communication system are disclosed. An exemplary HDR communication system defines a set of data rates, at which an access point (AP) may transmit data packets to an access terminal (AT). The transmission data rate is selected to maintain target packet error rate (PER). Each AT monitors signal quality metric of signals received from APs. An AT receiving forward link signals from multiple ATs identifies the AT associated with the highest quality forward link signal. The AT then evaluates the rate at which a tail probability of error is greater than or equal to a target tail probability of error. The AT then generates a prediction of a first data rate at which the PER of packets received from the identified AP will not exceed the target PER, and a prediction of a second data rate at which the PER of packets received from the selected AP will exceed the target PER.

Abstract: A load distribution system of a network having a plurality of nodes connected to each other with links includes a load distribution server for receiving network state information from the plurality of nodes and determining an optimum link metric based on the network state information to transmit the optimum link metric to the plurality of nodes, whereby dynamic path selection is conducted at each node based on the optimum link metric.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a radio receiver station, a multi-user interference cancellation unit and a multi-user cancellation method in a system with several transmitting radio stations. In the method, a radio signal is received as a sum of the signals from at least two of the transmitting radio stations in the system. Interference from at least two of the transmitting radio stations is cancelled. The interfering signals from at least some of the transmitting radio stations are processed in at least two separate operations in one or more stages, the result of each separate operation being taken into consideration in the estimation of the desired modulated signal sent to the receiver. Preferably, a part of the interfering signals is processed in one of the separate operations, while the rest of the interfering signals are processed in the other separate operations.

Abstract: A plurality of CMTS devices are linked together and synchronized to facilitate communication between the respective CMTS devices and respective downstream cable modems. According to one embodiment of the invention, one of the CMTS devices is designated as a master device, and the other CMTS devices are designated as slave devices. The respective CMTS devices are connected to each other by means of a synchronization bus. The master CMTS device then generates and broadcasts a future time stamp value, which is received by the respective slave CMTS devices. When the time stamp counter in the master CMTS device reaches the transmitted value, a control signal is broadcast over the synchronization bus. The slave CMTS devices then retrieve the time stamp value and reset their respective local time stamp counters to the received value. In this manner, the CMTS devices are synchronized.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing a connection link between a master device and a plurality of slave devices in a communications network having a plurality of frequency channels within a radio frequency band known as the unlicensed ISM band, wherein the connection links between the master device and the slave devices are capable of being carried out in a frequency-hopping fashion. The method comprises the steps of sending a link request to the master device requesting establishment of a non-frequency-hopping connection link between the master device and a slave device; establishing the non-frequency-hopping connection link as requested if the master device is able to select a communication channel for such a connection link; and establishing or maintaining the connection link in the frequency-hopping fashion if the master device is unable to select such a communication channel.

Abstract: A communication system is described. In one embodiment, the communication system comprises a mobile station having a transmitter to transmit packets wirelessly according to a protocol and multiple repeaters communicably coupled with the mobile station. Each of the plurality of repeaters receives one or more packets of the wirelessly transmitted packets from the mobile station. Each of the repeaters receives an indication of which of the wirelessly transmitted packets were received without errors by other repeaters and a received signal strength for those packets. The communication system also includes a switch coupled to the repeaters. Each of the repeaters forwards to the switch each packet of the wirelessly transmitted packets that each repeater had received without errors at a received signal strength higher than any other repeater.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for removing channels in a frequency hopping scheme having strong interference or interferers in a wireless communication system. The present invention employs signal strength measurements on N number channels of the frequency hopping scheme to determine M number of channels to be avoided. The system and/or method then modifies the frequency hopping scheme to avoid transmission over the M channels. The M channels to avoid can be communicated to wireless units involved in the communication system, so that the members of the wireless communication system can frequency hop together over the modified frequency hopping scheme.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of channel-adaptive power control. According to the invention, the method makes it possible to control the transmission power in a channel-adapting way, employing an arbitrary large set of different TPC algorithms (TPCAs) for use. Each TPCA should be well adapted to a special kind of channel characteristics. The set of TPCAs is all the better performing when it covers the largest scale possible of channel characteristics. At any time, the transmission power is controlled by that algorithm chosen among the set of algorithms that appears to be optimal for the actual channel characteristics.

Abstract: A code division multiple access communication system receiver includes block-based chip timing estimation. A chip timing estimate is generated from samples of a received signal by performing an averaging operation over a designated block of chips in each of first and second legs of an early-late synchronizer. The chip timing estimate is determined as a function of an error signal corresponding to the difference between outputs of the first and second legs, and is utilized to adjust a code generator clock or to otherwise control chip timing in the receiver. In an illustrative embodiment, a separate block-based chip timing estimator is implemented in each of the fingers of a Rake receiver.

Abstract: When a telephone a belonging to an office a calls up a telephone b belonging to an office b, a subscriber of the telephone a operates a WS a connected to a computer network and edits camp-on request information when the telephone b is busy. The camp-on request information is transferred from the WS a to a CTI server b belonging to the office b connected to the computer network. The CTI server unit b performs camp-on control between the telephone b belonging to the office b and the telephone a belonging to the office a by controlling a private branch exchange b based on a schedule corresponding to the received camp-on request information.

Abstract: A system and method for providing audio communication over a computer network between sending and destination devices using differing communication formats is provided. The system identifies the format of the incoming digital encoded audio data signal, identifies the destination device format of the signal, and converts the data to a second digital encoded audio data signal which is compatible with the format utilized by the destination device.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product that provides voice over the Internet communication. A Voice over the Internet (VoIP) system includes a gateway server that handles calls received from a public switched telephone network and a packet-switched network, a routing server, and a database server. Messages can be sent between the gateway server, routing server, and database server over the packet-switched network. A provisioning system is coupled to the database server. A management system is also coupled to the gateway server, routing server, database server, and management system over the packet-switched network. A network manager automatically queries a client database to determine an update, and sends a message representative of the update to at least one of the gateway server, routing server, database server, and management system over the packet-switched network. A licensing server supports licensing of the VoIP system.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for processing a mobile originating telephone call in a packet switched protocol based communication network comprising a packet switched protocol based cellular telephone network having a first layer for transferring signaling information assigned to the telephone call being processed by the communication network, a second layer for transferring payload information assigned to the telephone call, and an interface for coupling the cellular telephone network to a further network.

Abstract: In a LAN communication apparatus hooking up a telephone and a LAN terminal, a downstream LAN interface for hooking up a LAN terminal is provided in addition to a telephone interface for hooking up the telephone. Further, a voice-packet from the telephone is transmitted advantageously over a data-packet supplied from the LAN terminal to an upstream LAN. This structure allows the voice data to be transmitted to the upstream LAN advantageously over other data although the LAN terminal hooked up to the downstream LAN sends out volume of data. As a result, the voice data can be transmitted to the upstream LAN without delay.

Abstract: A rate adjustable backplane includes a set of switch slots configured to receive one or more switch cards forming a switch core and a plurality of line slots each configured to receive a line card. A low speed bus couples the line slots to the set of switch slots. A high speed bus also couples the line slots to the set of switch slots. Each line slot includes a low speed connector coupled to the low speed bus and a high speed connector coupled to the high speed bus. The low speed connector is adapted to receive a mating connector of a line card to establish a low speed communication connection between the line card and the switch core. The high speed connector is adapted to receive a mating connector of the line card to establish a high speed link between the line card and the switch core.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for transmitting data packets over a packet switching network with widely varying link speeds. The switches of the network maintain a common time reference (CTR). Each switch along a route from a source to a destination forwards data packets in periodic time frames (TFs) of a plurality of durations that are predefined using the CTR. The time frame duration can be longer than the time duration required for transmitting a data packet, in which case the exact position of a packet in the time interval is not predetermined. In accordance with the present invention, different time frame intervals: TF1, TF2, and so on are used for forwarding over links with different capacities. Employing different time frame intervals is useful in heterogeneous networks with widely varying link speeds, since the number of bytes that can be transmitted during one time frame of one of, for example, 500/125/62.5/12.

Abstract: A method and system for handling both proprietary and transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) protocols over a point-to-point protocol (PPP) connection. The method and system use the PPP connection over a single communication line to initially communicate using a proprietary protocol and then switch to a TCP/IP communication while still maintaining the connection to the single communication line.

Abstract: A method and mechanism of enforcing, in a computer network, a community separation policy wherein the data of a particular user community should be accessible only by members of that community. A Multi-Community Node (MCN) processes information for users in multiple communities and must enforce the community separation policy. In an open MCN, which may run both trusted and untrusted applications, the method and mechanism performs a set of checks on packets received from and to be transmitted on a network, and on application processes which correspond to those packets, to ensure that all communications comply with the community separation policy. The enforcement method and mechanism use a database of associations of sets of communities corresponding to ports, applications, and other network addresses within the computer network.

Abstract: The invention includes a way to route multicast traffic through a switch or other device that uses input queuing. Basis vectors are associated with each virtual queue, which in a preferred embodiment are multicast virtual output queues (MVOQs). Each incoming flow is allocated to the MVOQ whose basis vector is closest to the destination vector of the incoming flow, creating queues whose contents are distinct from each other in terms of destination addresses of the flows in the respective queue. To optimize for traffic encountered basis vectors can be chosen using vector quantization methods. Basis vectors can be set statically or can be selected and updated dynamically, responsive to the traffic encountered or as set by an operator. The invention can reduce the number of virtual queues required for a given incremental improvement in performance or can improve performance for a given number of virtual queues.

Abstract: In an ATM communications system, a cell entering a switch fabric input port is routed to its destination output port and to a predetermined dedicated second output port. The second output port is connected by a feedback connection to a predetermined dedicated second input port. The cell can then be either switched to the same destination output port or switched to both the same destination output port and the predetermined dedicated second output port, thereby providing the ability to execute a logical multicast with any number of leaves to the destination output port.

Abstract: A Universal Serial Bus (USB) modem (14) having two operating modes, namely Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL) mode and a voice-band mode, is disclosed. A USB interface device (30) is coupled to a digital signal processor (DSP) (32) and contains a shared memory (44) in which USB endpoints are established for data communication. In the DSL mode, an ATM receive controller (134) receives each ATM cell from the DSP (32) and interrogates the ATM cell header to determine the virtual connection to the corresponding cell, and then forwards the payload portion of the ATM cell, but not the ATM cell header. In the voice-band mode, the ATM receive controller (134) and ATM transmit controller (132) operate in a simple streaming mode. A host interface controller (135) is also provided, by way of which facsimile communications are carried out simultaneously with DSL communications, or in separate sessions relative to voice-band data communications.

Abstract: The method establishes a number of permanent virtual circuits to be configured on a multiservice access device. At least one of the permanent virtual circuits is configured as an oversubscription (OS PVC). The OS PVC may be configured as a normal PVC with additional parameters. The additional parameters, such as a timer, allow the PVC to assume either an active state or an oversubscription state. It is put into the oversubscription state if the timer expires and there is no traffic during the timer interval. Once in the oversubscription state, the PVC can be activated upon the presence of traffic. The OS PVC may be configured by placing it into a service queue when it has cells to send. The service queue is processed in sequential order until it is empty.

Abstract: AAL2 (ATM Adaptation Layer 2) paths are dynamically established and/or released in an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) network/system. For purposes of example, during network operation a determination(s) may be made as to whether AAL2 mux (i.e., multiplexor(s) and/or demultiplexor(s)) resources are lacking and/or excessive relating to a particular AAL2 signaling relation(s). When AAL2 mux resources are determined as lacking for the AAL2 signaling relation, then at least one AAL2 mux is added to the relation. However, when AAL2 mux resources are determined as excessive for the AAL2 signaling relation, then at least one AAL2 mux is removed or dropped from the relation. AAL2 paths may be selectively and dynamically added and/or dropped from an AAL2 signaling relation in response to the above determinations. In such a manner, ATM resources can be preserved and not wasted thereby resulting in a more efficient ATM AAL2 system/network.

Abstract: A method and a system for improving communication performance between nodes in a network is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes routers, switches, and a communication interface. The communication interface detects a communication flow between a source and a destination in response to a flow criteria. Upon detecting the communication flow, the communication interface issues a resolution request for identifying data path. After receipt of a response to the resolution request, multiple connections between switches are established in response to levels of quality of service (QoS).

Abstract: An integrated circuit processes communication packets and comprises a core processor and scheduling circuitry. The core processor executes a software application that directs the core processor to process the communication packets. The scheduling circuitry comprises multiple scheduling boards where at least some of the scheduling boards have multiple priority levels. The scheduling circuitry processes the scheduling boards to schedule and subsequently initiate transmission of the communication packets.

Abstract: Multiple network switch modules have memory interfaces configured for transferring packet data to respective buffer memories. The memory interfaces are also configured for transfer among each other data units of data frames received from different network switch modules. A shared switching logic monitors (“snoops”) the data units as they are transferred between network switch modules, providing a centralized switching decision logic for multiple network switch modules. The memory interfaces transfer the data units according to a prescribed sequence, optimizing memory bandwidth by concurrently executing a prescribed number of successive memory writes or memory reads. A preferred embodiment includes a distributed memory interface in between the network switch modules and a shared memory system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high switching capacity network device in one telco rack including both physical layer switch/router subsystems and an upper layer switch/router subsystem. Instead of providing a single physical layer switch/router subsystem, multiple physical layer switch/router subsystems are provided. Segmenting the physical layer switch/router into multiple, for example, four, subsystems better utilizes routing resources by allowing etches for the physical layer subsystems to be moved away from the center of the mid-plane/back-plane of the network device. Moving the physical layer subsystem etches away from the center of the mid-plane enables the network device to include an upper layer/switch router subsystem with etches toward the center of the mid-plane.

Abstract: A technique for reliably multicasting a message within a router network in a sequenced order with other messages is provided. At least one special router in the network has associated persistent storage for sequencing a message being routed to one or more clients. When a message is received at this sequencer node, the sequencer places a sequence number for the message in persistent storage and sends a sequencing acknowledgment back to those routers to which the message was originally routed, as well as back towards the source of the message. The sequencer acknowledgment includes the message id, and the sequencing number. When the sequencer acknowledgment is received by a router, it looks up the routing information from the original message, and sends the acknowledgment to those neighboring routers to which the original message was sent, excluding the link from which the sequencer acknowledgment was received.

Abstract: A network switching system having a plurality of multiport switch modules and respective connected buffer memory devices assigns in each of the buffer memory devices a memory segment for storage of frame data from a corresponding one of the switch modules. Each memory device is divided into memory segments, also referred to as memory regions, wherein each memory segment is configured for storing frame data from a corresponding one of the switch modules. Hence, each switch module is configured for writing frame data, for a data frame received on one of the corresponding switch ports, into the corresponding assigned memory segment of each of the buffer memory devices. Any one of the switch modules can access any location of the buffer memory devices, enabling any one switch module to retrieve frame data from the buffer memory devices that was stored by another one of the switch modules.

Abstract: A channelizer (22) for a multi-carrier receiver including a plurality of digital sub-band tuners (DSBTs) (274). Each DSBT (274) digitally filters individual carrier data bits from a digital multi-carrier data stream based on a programmable center frequency. Each DSBT (274) further digitally filters the individual carrier data stream based on a programmable bandwidth. The DSBTs (274) can be allocated based on modulation format, center frequency, or both. The channelizer (22) is therefore able to process narrowband carrier data streams as well as wideband carrier data streams. One embodiment of the channelizer (22) has a plurality of sub-channelizers (22) and a switch matrix (278). The sub-channelizers (22) filter individual carrier data streams from a multi-carrier data stream. The switch matrix (278) is coupled to the sub-channelizers (22) and routes the individual data streams to the sub-channelizers (22) in a desired configuration.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and instructions for establishing a virtual communication channel between applications on different nodes in which one node may be using a communication protocol stack based on one protocol, such as SS7, and another node may be using a communication protocol stack based on another protocol, such as IP. Alternatively, a virtual communication channel may be provided between applications on different nodes in which both nodes use a communication protocol stack based on IP to communicate with each other, but carry SS7 traffic through the communication channel. A gateway is provided in which both SS7 and IP are supported. The gateway allows for logical transport of signaling messages between peer applications on different nodes. Messages for SS7 are placed in data packets for transport to a destination using an IP connection or link to the destination. Header information also is placed into the data packet to allow for routing of the messages when the packet is received at the destination.

Abstract: An inventive method and apparatus support quality of service provisioning for a given mobile terminal without requiring changes to established interfaces for the general packet radio service network by assigning a temporary logical link identifier (TLLI) in a manner that implicitly reflects a QoS rating for a mobile terminal. In one embodiment of the present invention, a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) assigns a temporary logical link identifier (TLLI) within a first range for a first QoS rating and within a second range for a second QoS rating. Alternatively, the SGSN assigns a temporary logical link identifier having an even numerical value for a first QoS rating and an odd numerical value for a second QoS rating. Upon receiving a TLLI value, a base station and the corresponding mobile terminal may both evaluate the TLLI number to determine the assigned QoS rating for the mobile and to allocate communication resources in a corresponding manner.

Abstract: Cell header compression is disclosed. Cells are received. A cell includes a cell header and a payload. The cells are sorted according to the cell headers. A compression control block is generated that describes the cell headers and an arrangement of the payloads according to the cell headers. The payloads are assembled according to the arrangement. A datagram is generated with the compression control block and the assembled payloads.

Abstract: A packet switching network which allows the duration of guard time of each packet to be reduced to a minimum and the transmission efficiency of the network to be increased is disclosed. The sending nodes send the packet switch packets each having a guard time added thereto. The receiving nodes receive the packets from the packet switch. Each of the receiving nodes includes a switch timing detector for detecting switch timing of the packet switch based on a serial signal received from the packet switch, and a timing holder for holding the switch timing.

Abstract: A network interface is presented that receives packet data from a shared medium and accomplishes the signal processing required to convert the data packet to host computer formatted data separately from receiving the data packet. The network interface receives the data packet, converts the analog signal to a digitized signal, and stores the resulting sample packet in a storage queue. An off-line processor, which may be the host computer itself, performs the signal processing required to interpret the sample packet. In transmission, the off-line process converts host-formatted data to a digitized version of a transmission data packet and stores that in a transmission queue. A transmitter converts the transmission data packet format and transmits the data to the shared medium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for determining when a particular tone in a discrete multi-tone communications system is being used to transmit a control signal. Broadly, the system and method of the present invention are realized by a digital signal processor that is configured to detect a constant phase shift on individual tones when a control signal condition is present.

Abstract: A multiplexer for use with switching apparatus for data communication networks. The multiplexer topology includes two or more groupings, or sections, each containing a plurality of individual channels. Each of the channels has an input buffer amplifier and an output Ft-doubler circuit. The outputs of all of the channels within a each particular channel section are connected in parallel relation, and fed to respective common-base transistor amplifiers. The outputs of all of the common-base amplifiers for each channel section, in turn, are connected in parallel and fed to the inputs of a pair of emitter-follower amplifiers. Through the use of selectively actuated current sources, each multiplexer channel is normally biased off, unless that channel is selected for a switching operation. Bleeder current sources are applied to the emitters of the common-base amplifiers to reduce output jitter from the channels which are biased off.

Abstract: Method to measure gain of a photonic inverter based on a semiconductor laser using two different modes of operation. In one mode, the device is operated as a photonic inverter device and in the other mode as a photogenerated current measurement device. While the device is operated in a photonic inverter mode, that is, pumped at a magnitude that supports photonic inverter operation, the optical output power is measured in the absence of an input signal and with an input signal that quenches the output of the photonic inverter. While the device is operated as a photogenerated current measurement device with an input optical signal, a reverse bias is applied to offset any forward bias induced by the injected input optical signal, the induced photocurrent is measured, and the wavelength of the input optical signal is measured.

Abstract: A liquid immersed pumped solid state lasing system comprising a light source and a lasing element spaced from the light source. The light source and the lasing element are mounted in an insulated container. The top of the container is open for inputting a clear cryogenic cooling liquid into the container to totally immerse the light source and the lasing element in the liquid. Heat transfer occurs by conduction from the light source and the lasing element to the liquid thereby cooling the light source and the lasing element to cryogenic temperatures. The container has a window for the output of laser light. A plurality of electrical leads which are superconducting at cryogenic temperatures are attached to the light source. When the leads are connected to a power supply outside the container, the light source directs light on the lasing element so that the lasing element is excited and transmits a light output through the window.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser device provided with a semiconductor laser element for outputting a laser beam having a plurality of oscillation longitudinal modes at a stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold or less, a submount formed by diamond and set between the semiconductor laser element and a carrier each configured to enable a highly efficient transfer of heat between the semiconductor laser device components.