Abstract: An assembly 10 and a method 200 which utilizes the assembly 10 to selectively and structurally strengthen and rigidize and/or stiffen a member 150 which is operatively disposed within an article of manufacture, such as an without limitation, a vehicle. Particularly, the assembly 10 includes a selectively expandable portion 18 which is stretched along an inflation wand 12 and is then inserted into the member 150 via a relatively small aperture 155 formed within the member 150. Selectively expandable portion 18 is then inflated with a material 52 to support the member 150.

Abstract: An apparatus assembly for forming a compound dessert in a predetermined compound ring shape including a first outer ring shaped pan defining a cavity, the cavity having a dome shaped cross section with a closed circular end and an open end. A cover including a second dome ring shaped pan of a smaller width and depth and a surrounding circular skirt is mounted to the outer ring shaped pan with the second inner ring shaped pan extending into a cavity of the first outer ring shaped pan.

Abstract: A mold apparatus and method for manufacturing panels having, as desired, one or more areas of reduced material comprising a facing sheet and integrally attached cell forming walls extending in roughly perpendicular fashion from the facing sheet. Additionally, a method for molding panels, including large scale panels, from thermoplastic resins and other moldable materials requiring significantly less energy than other known molding methods, and providing for panels having one or more areas exhibiting continuous outer surfaces on all dimensions. A lower negative mold member has a plurality of upwardly facing positive standoffs defining interstitial channels into which thermoplastic resin or other moldable material is filled. A generally planar upper mold member is placed on the lower mold, and the combined mold assembly is then subjected to elevated heat and pressure, allowing said thermoplastic resin or other moldable material to melt within the interstitial spaces of the lower mold member.

Abstract: An autofocus module (30) for a microscope-based system (1) is equipped in such a way that a light source (31) which generates a measurement light bundle (32) is provided. A first axicon (34a) generates an eccentrically extending annularly divergent measurement light beam bundle (32a). A second axicon (34a) is provided in order to parallelize the remitted divergent measurement light beam bundle (32b). A differential diode (42) is mounted in the module (30) for determination of the focus position.

Abstract: A focus error detecting device for an optical pickup having an aberration correcting lens group includes a diffraction optical element having an outer diameter which is smaller than a diameter of the light beam after aberration correction, and selectively diffracting light passing through an annular portion with an optical axis as a center in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light beam; and a photodetector which detects the light diffracted by the diffraction optical element. The annular portion includes a portion in which residual ray aberration after aberration correction by the lens group is the smallest.

Abstract: A circuit and method are described which suppresses reset noise in active pixel sensor arrays. A circuit having a number of N− wells formed in a P− silicon epitaxial layer or a number of P− wells formed in an N− silicon epitaxial layer is provided. A pixel is formed in each of the wells so that each of the wells is surrounded by silicon of the opposite polarity and an array of pixels is formed. Means are provided for selectively combining or binning adjacent N− or P− wells. During the reset period of the imaging cycle selected groups of adjacent pixels are binned and the charge injected by the resetting of a pixel is averaged among the neighboring pixels, thereby reducing the effect of this charge injection on any one of the pixels and thus reducing the noise generated. The reset is accomplished using a PMOS transistor formed in each N− well or an NMOS transistor formed in each P− well.

Abstract: A shutter row and a selecting row in an image pixel portion 104 are sequentially shifted by vertically (V) selecting means 106. Then, in pixels constituting the shutter row, signal charges of photoelectric conversion elements (photodiodes) are transferred to FD portions after the reset of the FD portions. Subsequently, in the pixels constituting the selecting row, signal charges of the photoelectric conversion elements are transferred to the FD portions before the reset of the FD portions. As a result, it is possible to output a signal having a knee point which is sensitive in the dark and insensitive in the light, thereby enabling an image with wider dynamic range to be picked up with a simple construction having a single output system, even if the amount of saturated electric charges of the photoelectric conversion elements is small.

Abstract: Image sensors and methods of manufacturing an image sensor are disclosed. A disclosed photo diode may receive short wavelength light in its depletion region without exhibiting defective phenomenon such as noise and dark current. In the illustrated example, this performance is achieved by forming a trench type light-transmission layer to occupy a major surface of the photo diode so as to reduce the area available for defects on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. As a result of this reduction, the depletion region formed upon the operation of the sensor may extend toward the surface of the semiconductor substrate without concern for defects. The image sensor may be manufactured without forming a blocking layer in connection with a silicide layer.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a light-incidence regulating layer for compensating for a refractive index deflection between a micro lens array and the atmosphere between the micro lens array and an external lens is disposed at an upper portion of the micro lens array, so that light incident on the micro lens array has a vertical direction irrespective of which portion of the external lens the light is transmitted through. Therefore, the light is incident upon all photo diodes in a semiconductor substrate in a vertical direction and an amount of light received by the photo diodes is uniform irrespective of the positions of the photo diodes. Photocharges generated and accumulated by the photo diodes are also uniform, and the presentation quality of the image is greatly improved.

Abstract: An image sensor and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. When forming an impurity region for a photodiode, the photodiode can be exposed by reducing the impurity region. Thus, a depletion region of the photodiode, formed when the sensor operates, extends to the exposed surface of the photodiode through the inner region of the photodiode, so that it is possible for the photodiode to normally absorb short wavelength light as well as long wavelength light at its depletion region.

Abstract: An imaging system and methodology is provided to facilitate optical imaging performance. The system includes a sensor having one or more receptors and an image transfer medium to scale the sensor and receptors to an object field of view. A computer, memory, and/or display associated with the sensor provides storage and/or display of information relating to output from the receptors to produce and/or process an image, wherein a plurality of illumination sources can also be utilized in conjunction with the image transfer medium. The image transfer medium can be configured as a k-space filter that correlates a pitch associated with the receptors to a diffraction-limited spot within the object field of view, wherein the pitch can be unit-mapped to about the size of the diffraction-limited spot within the object field of view.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, a single linear array of bi-cell optical detectors is arranged with each bi-cell optical detector having a rectangular aperture located a prescribed distance above the surface of the bi-cell optical detector. In the first embodiment, in calculating the position of a point source emitter, it is understood that each detector receives light from the point source emitter at a unique angle different from the angles at which the other detectors receive light from the point source emitter. A plot of detector ratios is made by taking the best fit line through the ratios from each detector and the location of the point where the detector ratio is zero yields the point of perpendicularity between the emitter and the linear detector array. Another embodiment contemplates a three dimensional detector having three linear arrays of bi-cell detectors arranged at the periphery of a measuring space mutually orthogonal to one another.

Abstract: A device and a method for controlling a photosensitive cell including a photodiode adapted to discharging into a read node via a MOS transfer transistor, the device being adapted to providing a signal for controlling the gate of the MOS transfer transistor to a first level for which the MOS transfer transistor is off or to a second level for which the MOS transfer transistor is on, including means for providing a transition control signal between the second level and the first level of determined average slope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photodetector capable of detecting even weak light with precision and having a structure permitting size reduction. In the photoelectric tube, a photoelectric tube is cooled down starting from a light receiving faceplate side via a supporting protrusion piece of a heat conductive supporting member fixed to the heat absorbing portion of a cooling device by the heat absorbing operation of the cooling device. At this time, the photoelectric tube is fixed only to the supporting protrusion piece, so that heat inflow through other members is prevented. Thus, the photoelectric surface is efficiently cooled down through the light receiving faceplate by the cooling device serving as a cooling source, so that a stable cooling temperature is obtained. This suppresses the emission of thermal electrons from the photoelectric surface, and hence sufficiently suppresses the occurrence of noise in the photoelectric tube.

Abstract: A detection system is disclosed comprising one or more transmitters of electromagnetic radiation and one or more cooperating receivers characterized in that at least one optical element is provided which utilizes total internal reflection to redirect the path of radiation such that the transmitter is not directly in line with the receiver.

Abstract: A photoelectric switch device for detecting an object within a field of detection on the basis of a position of the object is presented. The position is determined on the basis of a value relating to light that is reflected by the object. The photoelectric switch device has a light projecting and receiving optical arrangement disposed on a front wall of a box shaped casing, a display unit and a push type of adjusting switch disposed on a rear wall of the box shaped casing. Tthe photoelectric switch device also has a push type of selecting/fixing/setting switch and an indicator disposed on one of walls of the box shaped casing, except the front and rear walls, and an output cable extending from a corner between the rear wall and another wall opposite to the one wall. The selecting/fixing/setting switch is used to select types of information that is to be displayed on the display unit in order to set and fix the value.

Abstract: A detection apparatus includes a light emitter for emitting a detection light, a receiver for receiving the detection light, and a moving device for moving a discharge head in a direction to intersect the optical path of the detection light. When D is the diameter of a beam of the detection light, d is the diameter of the droplets, L is the distance between the discharge nozzles in the direction of movement of the discharge head, and H is the relative distance that the discharge head moves from when a discharge nozzle discharges one droplet to when the discharge nozzle discharges the next droplet, settings are adjusted so as to satisfy the conditions: D/2+d/2≦L, and H≦D.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the position of a hydraulically actuated sliding sleeve valve in real time is disclosed. The apparatus comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a reference sensor and a position sensor, both of which constitute fiber optic windings wound around the hydraulic fluid cavity used to activate the sleeve. The sensors measure the pressure exerted by the hydraulic fluid in the cavity, with the reference sensor circumferentially lengthening to create an optical time delay indicative of the base line pressure of the hydraulic fluid. As the sleeve moves, the position sensor becomes increasingly exposed to the hydraulic fluid pressure and also begins to experience a time delay, which can be compared to the reference sensor's time delay to determine sleeve position.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the application, an optical encoder is provided having an emitter with a light source which emits a beam of light. A lens may be located to receive the beam of light generated from the light source to collimate the beam into a substantially parallel beam. A detector is positioned opposite the emitter to detect and process light received from the emitter. A coding element having a plurality of markings and spaces is positioned between the emitter and the detector, causing the light beam to be interrupted in accordance with the pattern. The markings have a length and a width, wherein at least a first edge of the length is other than a straight line.

Abstract: A displacement sensor which detects a positional displacement of a movable member, comprises a position signal generating section configured to generate a periodical signal in accordance with movement of the movable member, a generating section of a signal for detecting a reference position, configured to generate the signal for detecting the reference position, when the movable member is in a predetermined position, a reference position detection circuit configured to detect that the movable member is in a reference position based on the signal for detecting the reference position, generated by the generating section of the signal for detecting the reference position, in synchronization with the periodical signal generated by the position signal generating section, and a selecting section configured to be capable of selecting a phase position to be synchronized from a plurality of phase positions on the periodical signal in the synchronization in the reference position detection circuit.

Abstract: An optical sensor for a delivery device having a piston that displaces a substance, such as a fluid, from a reservoir. The optical sensor has a light source and a detector array for imaging encoding features disposed along a plunger rod coupled to the piston. By virtue of the pattern of encoding features, an absolute position of the plunger rod relative to a fiducial position may be determined uniquely. Thus, the volume of fluid remaining in the reservoir, the rate of fluid delivery, and proper loading of the reservoir may be accurately ascertained. Additionally, the encoding may serve to uniquely identify a version of the reservoir which may be supplied in various versions corresponding, for example, to differing concentrations of a therapeutic agent to be dispensed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light source (10) for the illumination of microscopic specimens. The invention also discloses a scanning microscope system that possesses a light source (10). The light source (10) emits a combined light beam that is emitted by a first laser (4) and a second laser (6). In the combined light beam, the light of the first laser (4) is synchronized with the light of the second laser (6).

Abstract: A new geometry ion trap and its use as a mass spectrometer is described. The ion traps can be combined linearly and in parallel to form systems for mass storage, analysis, fragmentation, separation, etc. of ions. The ion trap has a simple rectilinear geometry with a high trapping capacity. It can be operated to provide mass analysis in the mass-selective instability mode as well as the mass-selective stability mode. Arrays of multiple ion traps allow combinations of multiple gas-phase processes to be applied to the trapped ions to achieve high sensitivity, high selectivity and/or higher throughput in the analysis of ions.

Abstract: The present invention provides for characterization of a film (e.g., thickness determination for a silicon oxynitride film) using a comparison process (e.g., a fitting process) to compare measured peak shapes for elemental and/or chemical species (e.g., Si peak shapes previously measured for a particular process to be monitored) to collected spectral data (e.g., using a non-linear least squares fitting algorithm).

Abstract: A structure of an electron beam apparatus having shielding properties for shielding against an environmental magnetic field is provided. The electron beam apparatus comprises a mirror barrel for housing a magnetic lens for converging an electron beam onto a specimen and a specimen chamber for housing the specimen, wherein a non-magnetic material having conductivity is used as a material for at least one of the mirror barrel and a main body of the specimen chamber. The material for the mirror barrel or the main body of the specimen chamber is an aluminum alloy and a thickness of a sidewall of the mirror barrel or the main body of the specimen chamber is 10 mm or more. A magnetic plate having a thickness smaller than that of the sidewall of the mirror barrel or the main body of the specimen chamber is provided on an inner sidewall of the mirror barrel or the main body of the specimen chamber.

Abstract: A bio electron microscope and an observation method which can observe a bio specimen by low damage and high contrast to perform high-accuracy image analysis, and conduct high-throughput specimen preparation. 1) A specimen is observed at an accelerating voltage 1.2 to 4.2 times a critical electron accelerating voltage possible to transmit a specimen obtained under predetermined conditions. 2) An electron energy filter of small and simplified construction is provided between the specimen and an electron detector for imaging by the electron beam in a specified energy region of the electron beams transmitting the specimen. 3) Similarity between an observed image such as virus or protein in the specimen and a reference image such as known virus or protein is subjected to quantitative analysis by image processing.

Abstract: A mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrometer attachment performs reflection spectroscopy measurements using commercially available infinity corrected light microscopes. The mid-IR spectrometer attachment introduces infrared radiation into the optical path of a visible light microscope. Radiation from the mid-IR spectrometer source is directed by a radiation director to a mid-IR objective lens affixed to the microscope nosepiece. The objective lens focuses the radiation on to a subject sample surface in order to acquire either internally or externally reflected infrared spectra by subsequently directing the sample encoded reflected infrared radiation to an infrared radiation detection system. The mid-IR spectrometer attachment is mechanically and optically compatible with a plurality of commercial infinity-corrected visible light microscopes.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the concentration of analytes of interest in complex matrices is provided. According to one aspect of the present invention, near-infrared analytical radiation is generally directed onto a portion of a specimen containing the analyte of interest. A wavelength of the analytical radiation is scanned over the specimen over a broad range of frequencies and over a short duration of diagnostic time. A spectrum of radiation is transmitted through, reflected from or scattered from the specimen and collected by a detector. The concentration of the analyte of interest in the specimen is determined by the radiation collected by the detector.

Abstract: Disclosed in one aspect is a spectral acquisition method that includes actively processing a sample, such as a an opaque, friable pharmaceutical dosage unit, to expose characteristics of interior portions of the sample, and acquiring spectral information from the interior portions.

Abstract: A system for detecting and characterizing media includes a light source, at least two sensors, and a media identification system. The light source is positioned to emit at least a portion of an illumination light towards a media path for media. The sensors are positioned to capture at least specular light and transmitted light from the emitted illumination light directed towards the media path for the media.

Abstract: A method of quantitative measurement of fat in a liquid sample by an infrared attenuated technique is disclosed. The fat is present in the form of an emulsion of particles causing Christiansen's effect, i.e. the combined effect of light-scattering and anomalous dispersion. The method comprises transmitting infrared radiation through the sample, determining the infrared absorption of the sample in at least one measurement waveband exhibiting the Christiansen's effect, and with reference to a reference waveband. The wavebands are selected such that the fat determination is essentially independent of the Christiansen's effect. The wavebands are preferably selected such that the fat absorbance, i.e.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission sensor (1) for measuring the turbidity of a fluid, comprising a first and a second measuring section (2, 3). A transmitter (6) emits electromagnetic radiation into the two measuring sections (2, 3). A first receiver (14) is allocated to the first measuring section (2) and a second receiver (15) is allocated to the second measuring section (3). The transmitter (6) is inserted into a transmitter carrier (8) in such a way that the transmitter (6) is forced to adopt a predetermined oriented position. The receivers (14, 15) are inserted into a receiver carrier (18) in such a way that each of said receivers (14, 15) is forced to adopt a predetermined oriented position. A transmitter carrier holder (9) forcibly positions the transmitter carrier (8) in a predetermined location and a receiver carrier holder (19) forcibly positions the receiver carrier (18) in a predetermined location.

Abstract: A specimen sensing apparatus according to the present invention includes a specimen container which is vertically positioned by a container holder of a columnar rack type and conveyed by a belt conveyor, an infrared CCD camera configured to pick up an infrared image of the specimen container, a visible image converter which converts the infrared image picked up by the infrared CCD camera into a visible image, an image signal processing unit which processes and converts one of the infrared image and the visible image into a signal that is suitable to measure a specimen amount, and a specimen amount measuring unit which measures an amount of specimen contained in the specimen container in response to the signal processed by the image signal processing unit.

Abstract: A method is for exchanging a first detector module (m), in an X-ray detector in a computed tomograph having a module configuration a, for a second detector module (m′). The first detector module has an associated correction table (TS(a,m,x)) for eliminating temperature-dependent signal changes, which is dependent on the respective module configuration of the detector and which is recreatable following the exchange of a detector module. For the first and second detector modules (m, m′) in a detector in a reference computed tomograph having the module configuration b, a respective correction table (TS(b,m,x), TS(b,m′x) is created. Differences, preferably only in the area of the channels of the detector module which is to be exchanged, are ascertained.

Abstract: A light-receiving device array in which a plurality of light-receiving devices are one- or two-dimensionally arranged on a substrate, a scintillator layer is deposited on the light-receiving devices and provided with columnar crystals, and an organic film is formed over the scintillator layer and there outside region of the substrate and it intrudes into gaps among the top part of the columnar crystals to cover the scintillator layer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device for flat illumination of an object field in an optical instrument and to an optical instrument with a device of this kind. Optical instruments of this type are, for example, microscopes, including microlithography simulation microscopes in which a flat illumination, i.e., illumination extending beyond a singular object point, of the object to be examined is required. The device comprises a laser light source (8) and a light-conducting cable (9) with at least one optical fiber through which the light from the laser light source (8) is guided to the object field. The optical fiber is constructed and dimensioned in such a way that the intensity of the illumination light within the cross section of the optical fiber becomes increasingly more uniform along the path from the input-side end to the output-side end, and the illumination light is directed from the output-side end of the optical fiber to the object (O) with substantially homogeneous intensity distribution.

Abstract: A UV sensor 1 comprises a container 5 in which the upper end opening of a metal side tube 2 is sealed with a front plate 3 composed of Kovar glass as an incident light window and the lower end opening is sealed with a base plate 4. The front plate 3 serving as an incident light window constitutes part of the wall of container 5 by sealing the upper end opening of the metal side tube 2. A pin-type photodiode 6 is disposed inside the container 5. The pin-type photodiode 6 comprises a photoabsorption layer 9 formed from InxGa(1-x)N (0<x<1) between an n-type contact layer 8 and a p-type contact layer 10.

Abstract: A thin film ferroelectric/piezoelectric discharge device exhibits a stable high electrical resistance state. With an applied voltage, electron avalanche breakdown occurs and the device exhibits a low resistance state and recovers from this state. Thereby it is a solid state spark gap. With reduction of the voltage after breakdown the conduction of current ensues and contributes to the spontaneous recovery of the high resistive state evidenced by the measured increase in resistance in time. Gamma radiation ionization perturbs this recovery rate and this can be measured and differentiated from the conduction current induced resistance change. Thereby it is a room temperature gamma detector. The device is made by growing a controlled thickness of oxide on a titanium metal or alloy (12) surface (14) by anodization; heating in a metal oxide powder transforming the oxide into a ferroelectric/piezoelectric (16); and applying an electrode (18) to the exposed ferroelectric/piezoelectric surface.

Abstract: A microfabrication apparatus and a microfabrication method that, using a mechanical probe formed at its tip with a microscopic rod in sample preparation, can improve the life of the probe to 10 to 300 times from conventional 3 to 5 times in terms of the number of sample preparation enabling times.

Abstract: A toy comprises a toy element comprising a photochromic layer which contains a photochromic compound having a photo memory function (color-memorizing photochromic property), maintains a coloring state by developing a color through the irradiation of ultraviolet rays or sunlight containing ultraviolet rays and changes into decolorizing state through its decolorization by the irradiation of visible light, and a color-changing means which contains at least one of an ultraviolet ray absorbent and a light-shading pigment capable of shading at least ultraviolet rays, changes the photochromic compound of the coloring state into decolorizing state by cutting off ultraviolet rays of sunlight and thereby effecting irradiation of visible light, and maintains the changed state, wherein a function to memorize and maintain coloring and decolorizing states alternately is expressed by arranging the color-changing means under such a condition that it is contacted or non-contacted with the photochromic layer.

Abstract: Radiation doses ranging from a very weak level to a very high instantaneous level can be monitored real-time by a differential and integral type of radiation measuring apparatus in a convenient and precise manner using a stimulable phosphor as a radiation detecting medium. The radiation detecting portion comprises in planar super-position a bundle of laterally radiating optical fibers, a stimulable phosphor, an optical filter centered at the wavelength of fluorescence, and a bundle of wavelength shifting optical fibers sensitive to the wavelength of stimulated fluorescence. On the basis of two actions of the stimulable phosphor, one for emitting stimulated fluorescence in proportion to the dose of incident radiation upon illumination with exciting light and the other for emitting prompt fluorescence upon excitation by the incident radiation, the radiation detecting portion selectively detects stimulated fluorescence and prompt fluorescence at specified time intervals.

Abstract: A flowcell including a plurality of separate chambers is provided on the substrate table so that a fluid can be brought into contact with exposed areas of the substrate to interact therewith. A series of exposures and chemical processes can thereby be carried out without removing the substrate from the substrate table.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming an array of focusing elements for use in a lithography system. In accordance with an embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a master element that includes at least one diffractive pattern at a first location with respect to a target surface, illuminating the master element to produce a first diffractive pattern on the target surface at the first location, moving the master element with respect to the target surface to a second location with respect to the target surface, and illuminating the master element to produce a second diffractive pattern on the target surface at the second location.

Abstract: A pattern drawing method of drawing a desired pattern on a base material by irradiating an electronic beam and scanning the base material with the electronic beam with a predetermined dose amount, comprising: a first step of drawing a first region on the base material by scanning with the electronic beam with a first dose amount; a second step of drawing a second region on the base material by scanning with the electronic beam with a second dose amount; and a inclining step of inclining a boundary between the first region and the second region to form an inclined surface by conducting a first scanning to scan with the electronic beam with the first dose amount and a second scanning to scan with the electronic beam with the second does amount in a mixed arrangement.

Abstract: In a charged-particle-beam exposure apparatus for exposing a wafer using a charged-particle beam, an electron beam emitted from an electron source serving as a source of charged particles is substantially collimated by a collimator lens and irradiates an aperture array (3), which has apertures for forming a plurality of electron beams used to expose a wafer. A current detector array has current detectors for measuring the intensities (currents) of electron beams at portions of the-aperture array other than where the apertures are present. During the wafer exposure operation, each current detector of the current detector array measures the intensity of the electron beam. The electron-beam intensity distribution is evaluated based upon the results of measurement and, when necessary, the optical power of electrostatic lenses that construct the collimator lens (2) is adjusted to uniformalize the electron-beam intensity distribution.

Abstract: A source of soft x-rays in an Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system may include a pre-ionization unit to pre-ionize a source material, e.g., a Xenon plasma. The pre-ionization unit may be integrated with a discharge unit, and may use Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6) as a thermionic emitter material.

Abstract: A mobile device (3) is adapted to be inserted inside a ventilation or air-conditioning duct (2) and moved inside in order to disinfect the duct. This device comprises an axle (31) on which ultraviolet ray lamps (34) are assembled, end discs (32 and 33) provided with wheels (35 and 36) on the edge, and can further comprise traction and retention cables (38 and 39).

Abstract: A radiation-shielding container has an elongated cylindrical base and a cylindrical cap that define a cavity. A reduced portion of the cap extends into the base and includes a planar end surface that engages an internal shoulder within the base, and an external shoulder that engages an annular end surface of the base. The cap is secured to the base by rotating the cap such that tabs defined on the reduced portion slide along inwardly sloping lower engagement surfaces of the base until the tabs abut stop surfaces of the base and are secured by upper engagement surfaces. Removal of the cap is accomplished by rotating the cap in the opposite direction to disengage the tabs from the upper engagement surfaces.

Abstract: A media type sensing method for an imaging apparatus includes the steps of changing a light intensity of a light source by changing a drive signal, while monitoring for an output change of a comparator; determining a drive signal value of the drive signal at a point of detection of the output change; and correlating the drive signal value to a specific media type.

Abstract: A method for testing at least one light source on a printed circuit assembly, includes: detecting a light signal from a plurality of light sources on a printed circuit assembly; generating a plurality of electrical analog signals from an image array, in response to each of the detected light signals; multiplexing the plurality of electrical analog signals; digitizing the multiplexed electrical analog signals; and light signals from the image array; and verifying each of the electrical signals in a sequential manner.