Abstract: A method for producing a heat-treated aluminum alloy casting in a shortened period of time, the method comprising: (a) providing a heat treatable aluminum alloy casting at a solutionizing temperature; (b) first stage cooling the heat treatable aluminum alloy casting to a critical temperature at which precipitation of second phase particles of the heat treatable aluminum alloy casting is negligible, wherein the first stage cooling comprises a first stage cooling rate from about 15° F. per second to about 100° F. per second; (c) second stage cooling said heat treatable aluminum alloy casting to ambient temperature; (d) heating said heat treatable aluminum alloy casting to an artificial aging temperature; and (e) artificially aging said heat treatable aluminum alloy casting at said artificial aging temperature for a predetermined artificial aging time to form said heat-treated aluminum alloy casting.

Abstract: The invention relates to igniting agents, which contain soluble, preferably water-soluble igniting substances.

Abstract: A disposable shield designed to sheath a patient control device prevents contaminants from contacting or entering the device. The shield has a bi-directional opening through which the hand-operated device is inserted and removed from the shield. A removable sealing device is used to preserve the integrity of the shield when the sealing device is removed. The shield can therefore be changed each time the device is handled by a different person, minimizing the chances of cross-contamination. The shield also extends the life of the device by preventing biological contaminants from contacting the device.

Abstract: The Cool Cover is a saddle cover to keep the saddle cool when the motorcycle is being parked outside in bright sunlight. This lightweight covering would help keep the temperature of the saddle down, thus making the rider and ride more comfortable and enjoyable. The product would help to extend the life of the saddle by preventing damage from moisture and UV rays.

Abstract: A pre-cured pneumatic rubber tire of open toroidal shape having a pre-cured rubber strip, comprised of at least one elastomer and which contains at least one electrically conductive element, adhesively bonded to an inner surface of the tire's cavity. The adhesive is an RTV polysiloxane comprised of an hydroxyl terminated (silanol terminated) polysiloxane and crosslinking agent. The adhesive is applied as a layer, or coating, thereof onto a surface of said pre-cured rubber strip, and/or onto a corresponding pre-cured inner surface of said pre-cured tire, and the resulting coated pre-cured rubber strip and inner surface of said pre-cured tire brought together with said layer of adhesive therebetween and the adhesive allowed to cure and thereby bond said strip to said tire inner surface.

Abstract: In the present invention, an outer tire is supported and positioned by an auxiliary inner tire such that air can be pumped into the space between the inner and outer tires. When there is a flat tire or leakage, the outer tire is supported by the inner tire and still has an appropriate support to the car, and thus the outer tire will not be compressed completely or grinded by the rim of the wheel, so that the tire will not be damaged easily and the auxiliary inner tire can continue running for a short time.

Abstract: A run-flat insert 200 for enabling a vehicle to run for limited duration on a deflated tire 20, is mounted in an assembly comprising a pneumatic tire 20 and a wheel rim 10, and said insert is mounted inside the tire and secured to the wheel rim. The insert 200 has improved characteristics in load carrying, vehicle handling, mass, and shock transmission. Such a run-flat insert 200 comprises an outer, reinforced annular band 220 that is coupled with a sidewall portion 230 having little resistance to compressive loads, and the sidewall portion 230 tell mates in a base member 240 fitted around the wheel rim 10 for securing the insert 200 to the rim 10.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprising a skin layer which is formed by curing a polyurethane resin composition comprising a compound having active hydrogen atoms and an organic polyisocyanate compound, has an oxygen permeation coefficient at 23° C. under a relative humidity of 60% of 2.0 ml·mm/m2·day·MPa or smaller and comprises 20% by weight or more of a skeleton structure represented by formula (1) is provided. Since the tire has the skin layer formed with the polyurethane resin composition and having an excellent barrier property to gases, the weight of the tire can be decreased, durability can be improved and quiet driving can be achieved while the internal pressure is retained even when the gas filling the tire is the air, and the tire is more economical than tires filled with nitrogen gas. Unlike other tires using other materials having the barrier property to gases to decrease the weight, no adhesives are necessary for disposing the skin layer.

Abstract: An inner tube cover (20) includes a cover unit (26) and a carry bag (56) coupled to the cover unit (26) and sized to accommodate storage of the cover unit (26). The cover unit (26) includes a top panel (22) and a side panel (24) coupled about a perimeter of the top panel (22). The side panel (24) includes a tubular hem portion (36). A cord (38) is directed through the tubular hem portion (36) and extends from an opening (44) in the tubular hem portion (36). A cord lock (48) fastens to the cord (38). When the cord (38) is drawn tight and cord lock (48) is secured, cover unit (26) substantially shrouds an inner tube (72).

Abstract: An automobile pneumatic tire comprises a multiple-ply carcass extending in-between two bead rings having allocated bead fillers, a belt arrangement between the plies of the carcass and a tread strip, and rubber reinforcement plies in the sidewall sections assuming a supporting function where the tire is deflated. A first rubber reinforcement ply is inside a first ply of the carcass, a second rubber reinforcement ply is between the first ply of the carcass and the second ply of the carcass, and a third rubber reinforcement ply is between the second ply of the carcass and a third ply of the carcass. The three rubber reinforcement plies extend down with their ends staggered in relation to each other from the bead core area to the edge area of the belt ply. The three rubber plies have different heights in radial direction and different thickness over the height of the sidewall.

Abstract: In a plasma processing method, on a back side of a cathode electrode is provided at least one conductor plate d.c. potentially insulated from the cathode electrode and an opposing electrode, and the cathode electrode and the conductor plate are enclosed with a shielding wall such that a ratio of an inter-electrode coupling capacitance provided by the cathode electrode and the opposing electrode to a coupling capacitance provided by the cathode electrode and a bottom surface of the shielding wall on the back side of the conductor plate is not less than a predetermined value. Thereby, a high-quality, high-speed plasma processing is realized.

Abstract: A wing for a window or a door is provided with a profile frame (1), which forms a rabbet (3) receiving an insulating glass component (2) and has a perimeter surface (6) that surrounds the insulating glass component (2) on the end side thereof and a rabbet surface (12) that extends beyond the edge of the insulating glass component (2), and with an adhesive layer (7) for securing the insulating glass component (2) within the rabbet (3), said adhesive layer filling, at least in perimeter areas, a perimeter slot (8) between the end surfaces (5) of the insulating glass component (2) and the perimeter surface (6) of the rabbet (3) located opposite said end surfaces (5). To permit replacement of the insulating glass component, it is suggested that, in the region of a cover pane (11) of the insulating glass component (2) that faces the rabbet surface (12), a perimeter boundary ridge (22) for confining the adhesive layer (7) be provided at a distance from the front of the rabbet surface (12).

Abstract: A method of supporting loose fill insulation in a wall cavity with a flexible cloth. The cloth is secured to the wall cavity frame by initially fastening the upper and lower edges of the cloth to the upper and lower plates, and then permanently gluing the cloth to the vertical studs with a flowable adhesive. A small punch hole is made in the cloth to accommodate an installation tube, which is preferably angled at its end to facilitate reaching into small spaces and cracks. Loose fill insulation is blown into the cavity behind the cloth after inserting the installation tube through the punch hole in the cloth. The quality of the adhesion of the cloth to the studs can be assessed by observing the color of the studs through the cloth.

Abstract: An apparatus disclosed relates to a technique for applying adhesive tape to a workpiece. The apparatus includes a chuck table for receiving and holding the workpiece, a tape feeding device for feeding adhesive tape in strip form toward the workpiece held by the chuck table, an applying device for placing an applicator roller in contact with a surface of the adhesive tape and applying the adhesive tape to a surface of the workpiece, and a vibration generating mechanism for vibrating the applicator roller.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic substrate that is superior in heat uniformity and thermal shock resistance, and has a large chuck power in the case that the ceramic substrate is made to be an electrostatic chuck. The ceramic substrate of the present invention is a ceramic substrate comprising a conductor layer formed therein, characterized in that a section of the edge of the conductor layer is in a peaked shape.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repair, protection, reinforcement, modification, construction or preventative maintenance of geotextile tubes by applying a reinforcing material is provided.

Abstract: There is provided a tire-rim assembly capable of stably running over a distance required even in the dropping of the tire internal pressure after the injuring of the tire without sacrificing rolling resistance and ride comfort in the usual running before the injuring of the tire, wherein a great number of substantially sphere-shaped particles each consisting of a continuous phase of a resin and a closed cell(s) and having a mean bulk specific gravity of not more than 0.1 are disposed in an interior defined by assembling a hollow doughnut-shaped tire onto an approved rim, and a pressure at 25° C. in the interior of the tire is not less than 150 kPa as an absolute pressure.

Abstract: A cutting segment for a False Drum (100,200,300) having a cylindrical outer surface (202,306) comprises a slot (204,224,330) extending generally axially from end-to-end of the cylindrical surface, a door panel (322) having substantially the same size and shape as the slot; and a mechanism (320) for opening and closing the door panel. The mechanism for selectively opening and closing the door panel includes an elongate lever (324), one end of which supports the door panel, the other end of which is pivotally attached to a stationary portion (point) of the drum, a spring (326) extending between an inner surface of the door panel and another stationary portion of the drum; and an inflatable pneumatic tube (328) disposed between the lever and yet another stationary portion of the drum. There is thereby provided a method of supporting material overlying the cutting slot of the False Drum, by opening the slot when cutting the material, and closing the slot when not cutting the material.

Abstract: A banderoling machine (1) has film rolls (8, 9) on sides of a feed table (2). Film webs (3) of the rolls are joined by a seal seam to form a film curtain (4) which passes through a slot (5) in the feed table (2). Material to be banderoled is pushed towards the curtain, film is placed around the material to form a loop and the loop is tightened by a tensioning device (6) which temporarily clamps at least one of the film webs, and is heat-sealed by a heat-sealing device and separated from the remainder of the film.

Abstract: A pressure actuated switching device is made by applying at least a first layer of fluid conductive polymeric coating material to a surface of a sheet of green rubber material. The conductive polymeric coating is solidified to form an electrode, and the sheet of green rubber material is vulcanized. Two strips of green rubber may be simultaneously processed and then joined such that the respective layers of conductive coating are in spaced apart opposing relationship. The conductive polymeric coating may optionally be formulated with green rubber. Optionally, a blowing agent may be included in the conductive coating formulation so as to provide a cellular polymeric foam piezoresistive material from which the electrode is constructed. The green rubber sheets may be processed by a continuous rotary method or by a linear method using a clamping press having opening and closing dies for heating and joining the strips of green rubber.

Abstract: A resilient structure having a fiber batt with coil springs disposed therein and respective coil spring paths. Each of the coil spring paths extending from a respective coil spring and having a profile similar to a cross-sectional profile of the respective coil spring taken in a plane parallel to a length of the coil spring. A method is also provided for heating the coil springs and inserting the coil springs into a side wall of the fiber batt to produce the coil spring paths that have a profile similar to a cross-sectional profile of the respective coil spring taken in a plane parallel to a length of the coil spring.

Abstract: A composite sheet comprising an upper layer 2 and a lower layer 3 both made of a substantially inextensible sheet which are partially bonded to each other at a large number of joints 4. The upper layer 2 forms a large number of outward hollow projections 5 in the area other than the joints 4. The projections 5 and the joints 4 are arranged such that the projections and the joints alternate in one direction to make lines and that the projections in each of the lines are out of alignment with the projections in the adjacent lines.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for producing absorbent articles comprising molded airlaid webs and other molded fibrous webs. The molded webs can offer improved body fit and/or improved fluid handling. Molded airlaid webs, for example, can be formed having a central longitudinal hump and flexure zones longitudinally removed from the central hump to provide good contact with the body and improved fit when the article is squeezed from the sides. Molding can be achieved when a binder material is activated by an energy source and the web is held against a molding substrate. Energy sources can include microwaves, heated air, heated metal surfaces, ultraviolet radiation, ultrasonic energy, and the like.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow section grid-stiffened panel comprises providing a tool (10) having a surface (12). The stiffened skin composite panel is preassembled comprising laminating a composite outer skin (14) on the surface, placing a separator outer layer (16) on the composite outer skin (14), and laminating a composite stiffener (20) on the mandrel (18), the mandrel being positioned on the separator layer (16), wherein the separator layer (16) separates the stiffener (20) and the mandrel (18) from the outer composite skin (14). The preassembled outer skin composite panel is cured on the tool. The separator layer (16) and mandrel (18) are removed from the preassembled stiffened skin composite panel. The stiffened skin composite panel is reassembled, comprising applying an adhesive between the composite outer skin (14) and the composite stiffener (20). The reassembled stiffener skin composite panel is cured on the tool to bond the stiffener skin to the outer skin.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a method and apparatus for seaming together abutting side-by-side layers of planar material with adhesive and a backing tape to form a finished seam extending along the line of abutment. The method consists of laying a backing tape underneath the line of abutment between adjacent layers of planar material, such as floorcovering, followed by dispensing an adhesive along the edges of the abutting layers while simultaneously centering the backing tape with the line of abutment and dispensing adhesive on top of the backing tape. The edges of the abutting layers are then pressed together and against the backing tape until the adhesive has at least partially set thereby forming a finished seam.

Abstract: A high concentration central receiver system and method provides improved reflectors and a unique heat removal system. The central receiver has a plurality of interconnected reflectors coupled to a tower structure at a predetermined height above ground for reflecting solar radiation. A plurality of concentrators are disposed between the reflectors and the ground such that the concentrators receive reflective solar radiation from the reflectors. The central receiver system further includes a heat removal system for removing heat from the reflectors and an area immediately adjacent the concentrators. Each reflector includes a mirror, a facet, and an adhesive compound. The adhesive compound is disposed between the mirror and the facet such that the mirror is fixed to the facet under a compressive stress.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for aligning a key in a semiconductor device, which prevents misalignment in subsequent photo processes during a semiconductor key formation process. The method comprises the steps of: preparing a semiconductor substrate that is divided into a scribe lane region and a main chip region; depositing an oxide film on the semiconductor substrate for forming an align key; forming an area key and a first align key at the same time on the scribe lane region by selectively etching the oxide film by using a N-well ion implantation mask; performing a N-well ion implantation on the region which the oxide film is removed from; and forming a second align key in the area key, whose formation is already finished by removing the oxide film, by a silicon etching method using a P-well mask, upon a N-well process using a P-well ion implantation mask.

Abstract: A method for creating and transporting low-energy ions for use in plasma processing of a semiconductor wafer is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method includes generating plasma from a gas species to produce a plasma exhaust. The plasma exhaust is then introduced into a processing chamber containing the wafer. The ion content of the plasma exhaust is enhanced by activating a supplemental ion source as the plasma is introduced into the processing chamber, thereby creating a primary plasma discharge therein. Then, the primary plasma discharge is directed into a baffle plate assembly, thereby creating a secondary plasma discharge exiting the baffle plate assembly. The strength of an electric field exerted on ions contained in the secondary plasma discharge is reduced. In so doing, the reduced strength of the electric field causes the ions to bombard the wafer at an energy insufficient to cause damage to semiconductor devices formed on the wafer.

Abstract: A method and system for adjusting a height-to-diameter ratio of a plasma processing chamber, either dynamically or before substrate processing, to control a uniformity of a plasma and/or match a uniformity of a plasma to at least one of a process type and a wafer configuration and/or type. By adjusting the height of the chamber, the position of electrons near a chamber wall can be moved toward a center of the chamber and vice versa.

Abstract: Adhesive additives that are used in conjunction with polyisocyanate resins to form adhesive compositions. The adhesive additives contain castor oil, a mixture of castor oil and triglycerides, or a reaction product from the transesterification of one or more polyols and one or more triglycerides. The adhesive compositions are well suited for use as a binder in the manufacture of various composite products, particularly composite wood products including OSB construction panels and laminate composites.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling multiple tire components onto one or more tire building drums at a work station of a tire building system is disclosed. A first inner set of measuring drums is located at a first loading position between a second outer set of measuring drums at a second loading position. Tire components are loaded onto the first and second sets of measuring drums at the first and second loading positions. The first and second sets of measuring drums are alternatively moved from the first and second loading positions into first and second ready positions, respectively. Then the first and second sets of measuring drums are alternatively moved from the first and second ready positions into first and second transfer positions, respectively, where the tire components are transferred to the one or more tire building drums. Then the first and second sets of measuring drums are retracted away from the first and second transfer positions, respectively, to the first and second ready positions.

Abstract: Apparatus useful for applying sealant material to structural parts. The apparatus comprises a base material, means for attaching a hub to the base, means for guiding a structural part through the apparatus to engage a sealant, and pressure means disposed over means for guiding a structural part. The pressure means cooperates with the means for guiding a structural part to apply pressure to the structural part while guiding the structural part through the apparatus.

Abstract: A bell assembly for inflating a tubeless tire on a wheel includes a first bell and a second bell slidably disposed within the first bell. The second bell includes a smaller diameter than the first bell. A shaft extends upwardly from the second bell in one of a relative to the first bell. A locking member is engagable with the shaft and is movable between a first locking position and a second locking position. The locking member secures the second bell in the first bell position when the locking member is disposed in the first locking position. The locking member secures the second bell in the second bell position when the locking member is disposed in the second locking position.

Abstract: A lightweight tire bead breaker suitable for breaking the beads of a tire mounted on a wheel in one continuous operation by a single individual. The invention has an H shaped frame with a hinge in the crossing member, an actuator on one side of the hinge with sufficient power to enable shoes on the other side of the hinge to break the beads of the outside tire mounted on a dual wheel, even while the wheel is attached to a vehicle. The invention can also be used advantageously after a wheel has been removed from a vehicle.

Abstract: A headrail suitable for use with a roller shade or a blind of the type having at least two spaced apart lift cords has a roller attached to the headrail in a manner to permit rotation of the roller and prevent movement of the roller in a longitudinal direction. The outer surface of the roller is free of threads and other projections such that roller shade material can be wrapped about the roller. A plurality of cord collection spools are provided on the roller. The spools can be slid off one end of the roller and may be moveable in a longitudinal direction or fixed to the roller by a set screw or clamp. If fixed to the roller the cord collection spool has a conical shape and an attachment position for a lift cord that is offset in a transverse direction along the roller from the hole in the bottom of the headrail through which a lift cord passes onto the cord collection spool.

Abstract: A window system includes an out-swinging window having an exterior surface, and an interior surface. The viewable portions of the interior surface are made of a first material. The window system also includes a jamb. The out-swinging window is pivotally attached to the jamb. A screen assembly is removably mountable to the jamb on the interior surface of the out-swinging window. The screen assembly further includes a frame portion with a viewable portion made of the first material. In some embodiments, the window system further includes a finish strip positionable between the screen of the screen assembly and the frame of the screen assembly and a set of instructions regarding the window system.

Abstract: A quantitative shutter construction system and installation method for shutters enables the the provision of a window opening of given dimension and for which a series of pre-cut parts are selected from a set of parts set having a prime quantum magnitude distance magnitude with regard to their vertical and horizontal dimensions with a selection based upon prime quantum magnitude distance as a difference between the next longer and next shorter member. A frame system and a window shutter system which fits within the frame system is also provided in discrete quanta of linear magnitude to provide a result of no more than a quanta of magnitude smaller than the window opening. Shimming is used to center and fit the frame into the window opening, with attachment had by preferably direct threaded attachment into either the face or the inside of a window opening.

Abstract: A retractable self rolling blind, awning or cover apparatus (11), is disclosed in which there are two or more sheets of fabric or other suitable material (17) affixed and wound conjointly about a keyway tube (12) which is supported between suitable brackets (14) mounted on a tension bar (15). The keyway tube is mounted so that it is parallel with the tension bar and the tube is fitted with a conventional spring mechanism for use with blinds, awnings and the like. The spring mechanism is pretensioned so as to cause the sheets of fabric to be rewound about the keyway tube when one or more of the sheets of fabric is released from its extended or unwound position. The keyway tube and tension bar are allowed to travel during unwinding and winding up of the fabric, preferably assisted by providing either the ends of the tube itself, or the ends of the frame in which such tube is mounted, with wheels or pulleys (16) depending on the particular use to which the apparatus is to be put.

Abstract: An adjustable cord restraining device for a blind assembly having a head rail, a bottom rail and at least one pull cord extending through a cord passage of the head rail and coupled to the bottom rail includes an annular member sufficiently sized to prevent entry of the annular member into the cord passage of the head rail and further travel of the pull cord through the head rail. A method of preventing the further extension of a pull cord includes obtaining an annular member sized larger than a pull cord passageway of a head rail pinching a mid-section of the pull cord and inserting the pinched portion of the mid-section through the annular member, forming a loop with the pull cord, inserting a free end of the pull cord through the loop to form an adjustable knot.

Abstract: A lightweight roll-up door comprises multiple lightweight panels that can be transversely installed/removed with a simple hinge assembly. The panels are hinged about one edge and have outer complementary arcuate portions that fill the gap at the edges of the door as the panels rotate about the hinge. The panels are extruded from a lightweight material. Additionally, the panels are structurally capable of supporting the necessary door hardware without deformation or breakage. A latch assembly is mounted to an extruded bottom panel forming a latch recess for receiving the latch assembly and with multiple mounting supports disposed within the hollow interior and extending between the latch recess and the interior wall.

Abstract: A portable privacy screen assembly includes a frame assembly having a tubular frame, a wheel set adjacent one bottom corner of the tubular frame and a base plate-adjacent an opposite bottom corner of the tubular frame. The wheel set and base plate support the tubular frame in a generally upright condition. A screen is releasably supported by the tubular frame and has opposed major surfaces. At least one of the opposed major surfaces is a dry-erase marker erasable writing surface.

Abstract: An insect screen frame assembly including a frame comprising a screen retention groove and a cover. The cover is configured to engage the frame and comprises a rib positioned to be inserted into the groove. Screening is held in tension between the frame and the cover and trapped between the rib and the groove. A first adhesive is positioned between the frame and the cover in contact with the screening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a feed arrangement for feeding chips to chip bins (1) in the production of cellulose pulp in continuous digesters (16), in which the chip bin is constituted by a greatment vessel having a top and a bottom, in which the chips are fed into the top (13) of the treatment vessel and fed out via the bottom of the treatment vessel using suitable lock members (10, 11). Distribution devices (4a, 4b) for the addition of steam are disposed in the treatment vessel so as to heat the chips to a level above 80° C., preferably around 100° C., when the chips are fed out via the bottom of the treatment vessel. By virtue of the fact that the chips are fed into the treatment vessel via at least one liquid lock (30) and the treatment vessel is otherwise sealed off, the quantity of driven-off gases from the chip bin is reduced to a minimum, at the same time as an effective utilization of available energy is obtained.

Abstract: A fiber suspension is produced from waste paper by first filling a pulper with a batch of the waste paper. The pulper is operated to partly defibrate the batch of waste paper substantially without disintegrating coarse imputities into finer impurities. The partly defibrated batch of waste paper is separated into a coarse reject fraction and an initial fiber suspension containing some waste paper fragments and fine impurities. The initial fiber suspension is pumped through a rotary screen apparatus provided with a tubulat fine screen and a pulper type impeller rotating coaxial with the tubular screen, but devoid of any impeller co-operant extraction plate, to defibrate waste paper fragments remaining in the initial fiber suspension and to separate the initial fiber suspension by means of the tubular fine screen into a fine reject fraction containing fine inpurities and a complete fiber suspension substantially free from impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellulosic fibrous material comprising a radiation activatable resin, structures comprising such fibrous material, and absorbent articles especially disposable absorbent articles, comprising such fibrous materials or structures. It further relates to a process to make such fibrous material, structures or articles.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated photocatalytic pulp paper having a variety of uses such as a filter material, a packaging material, a construction material and the like, which has the antibacterial property, the bad smell degrading property and handful substance oxidatively degrading property, is useful for use in air treatment, water treatment and soil treatment and, at the same time, can improve the photocatalytic activity effect itself of titanium oxide. According to the present invention, there is provided a laminated photocatalytic pulp paper characterized in that a wastepaper pulp is laminated on a photocatalytic pulp composition in which 40-95 wt % of a pulp and/or a paper having the water content of 3 wt % or less, an average fiber diameter of 5-300 &mgr;m and an average fiber length of 0.1-70 mm are blended with 5-60 wt % of titanium oxide, and a paper string comprising this pulp paper.

Abstract: Provided is a paper structure comprised of cellulose pulp fiber, a polymeric binder, and an aramid component comprised of aramid fiber and/or fibrid. The paper structure can also comprise multiple layers of different composition, but at least one layer must comprise the aramid component and polymeric binder.

Abstract: A method for preparing a wet strength agent comprising a first step of reacting a nitrogen-containing polymer with a hydrophobic compound to form hydrophobic side-chain substituents on the polymer, a second step of reacting the hydrophobised nitrogen-containing polymer obtained with a crosslinker to form a cationic nitrogen-containing resin, and a third step comprising forming of particles by emulsion polymerisation of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of the wet strength resin formed. The invention further relates to a wet strength agent and resin. It further relates to the use of said agent and resin in cellulosic suspensions, the production of paper, preferably tissue paper, and paper, preferably tissue paper comprising a wet strength resin or agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a cellulosic product which comprises (i) providing an aqueous cellulosic suspension; (ii) adding to the suspension a clay having 3R2 stacking; and (iii) dewatering the obtained suspension. The invention also relates to a process for the production of a cellulosic product which comprises (i) providing an aqueous cellulosic suspension; (ii) adding to the suspension a cationic clay; (iii) adding to the suspension one or more drainage and retention aids comprising at least one cationic polymer; and (iv) dewatering the obtained suspension. The invention further relates to a cellulosic product comprising clay having 3R2 stacking.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing a smooth and glossy surfaced paper web. The process comprises subjecting the paper web to shear by using calender rolls driven at different speeds or calender rolls with different diameters. The resulting paper has a totally different structure than the original paper, as it has a much smaller void structure and a much higher degree of bonding between the elements of the sheet. The process is particularly applicable to improving the electrical insulation properties of an aramid paper web.