Abstract: An acoustic drum or electronic percussion instrument is constructed by a drumhead corresponding to a punching sheet on which plenty of apertures are formed and a cylinder covered with the drumhead being stretched under tension as well as a muting structure which is realized by a vibration absorption member and a support structure containing L-shaped support members and a support plate. Herein, the support members are detachably attached to an interior periphery of the cylinder to support the support plate, on which the vibration absorption member is mounted and is arranged in contact with a backside surface of the drumhead to absorb vibration of the drumhead whose surface is being struck by a drumstick or else. Using the muting structure, it is possible to actualize mute performance in which drum sounds are being muted by reduction of the vibration of the drumhead propagating into the air.

Abstract: A musical instrument stringer/tuner device for replacing the tuning pegs on guitars. The musical instrument stringer/tuner device includes a housing member being adapted to be attachable to a musical instrument and having top, side, end, and bottom walls with a plurality of openings being disposed through the top wall and a plurality of holes being disposed through the side walls through which is adapted to receive strings of the musical instrument; and also includes string holding/releasing assemblies including string clamping members being movably disposed in the housing member; and further includes drive assemblies for moving the string clamping members.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting a music snippet from a music stream are described. In one aspect, the music stream is divided into multiple frames of fixed length. The most-salient frame of the multiple frames is then identified. One or more music sentences are then extracted from the music stream as a function of peaks and valleys of acoustic energy across sequential music stream portions. The music snippet is the sentence that includes the most-salient frame.

Abstract: An electronic musical apparatus such as an electronic musical instrument can be easily customized in accordance with a user's preference. Electronic musical instrument 20A and personal computers 40A, 40B can access server 50 via internet 10. A database that stores musical tone control data for controlling the generation of musical tone signals is provided in memory device 59 disposed in main body part 52 of server 50. Information on applicable apparatus types is annexed to the musical tone control data. At the time of purchasing electronic musical instruments 20A to 20C, the user is given a user identification data ID that can specify the apparatus types of electronic musical instruments 20A to 20C. With the use of this identification data ID, the user downloads the applicable musical tone control data from server 50 to electronic musical instrument 20A or to electronic musical instruments 20B, 20C via personal computers 40A, 40B.

Abstract: A phase change material is made by the process including the steps of providing a composition of a metal nitrate and water and adding tetraborate. This phase change material may be used in a heat battery.

Abstract: A solar energy-operated street-lamp device is disclosed. The solar energy-operated street-lamp device is characterized in that the solar energy-operated device includes a solar energy-operated absorption board, a circuit board and a storage battery that is mounted within a post seat of the lamp-post. The power stored in the storage battery will be delivered to an LED via circuit board to provide illumination. The solar energy absorption board and the transparent protective hood are of arc-shape so that the sunlight can be converged onto the solar energy absorption board and at the same time, dust particles and birds' excrement or fallen leaves will not be collected on the surface of the hood surface.

Abstract: A solar cell structure includes a solar cell that produces a voltage when illuminated, and a discrete amorphous silicon by-pass diode. A first by-pass diode terminal of the amorphous silicon by-pass diode is electrically connected to a first side of an active semiconductor structure of the solar cell, and a second by-pass diode terminal of the amorphous silicon by-pass diode is electrically connected to a second side of the active semiconductor structure. Alternatively, the first by-pass diode terminal of the amorphous silicon by-pass diode may be electrically connected to the first side of the active semiconductor structure of the solar cell, and the second by-pass diode terminal of the amorphous silicon by-pass diode may be electrically connected to a second side of the active semiconductor structure of another solar cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the design and manufacture of foldable integrated stiffeners. These stiffeners may be used in, for example, thin-film arrays of electrochemical devices.

Abstract: Herein described is a photovoltaic module (30) that comprises a rectangular module body (61) and a frame (60) secured to the sides of the body. The frame is composed of an upper bar (63), a lower bar (64) and a pair of side bars (65 and 66). The upper bar (63) has an insertion projection (71) projecting from a part which is middle in thickness direction of the upper bar. The projection (71) is thinner than the upper bar (63).

Abstract: This invention is a photovoltaic device comprising an intrinsic or i-layer of amorphous silicon and where the photovoltaic device is more efficient at converting light energy to electric energy at high operating temperatures than at low operating temperatures. The photovoltaic devices of this invention are suitable for use in high temperature operating environments.

Abstract: The invention features a superconducting ceramic conductor for use in a preselected fluid cryogen. The conductor includes a composite ceramic superconducting wire having an outer surface along its length and a sealing structure hermetically surrounding the outer surface to prevent the cryogen from infiltrating into the wire and degrading its superconducting properties. The sealing. structure includes a cured polymer layer encircling the outside surface of the wire.

Abstract: A EMI shielding gasket for interposition between a first and a second part of an electronic device. The gasket includes a foam or like resilient inner member, and an electrically-conductive member, which may be layers of a conductive particle-filled resin. The inner member has opposing first and second surfaces extending along an x and y-axis, and a thickness dimension extending along a normal z-axis and through which is formed a plurality of vias. The electrically-conductive member includes first and second portions, each overlaying at least a part of the corresponding first or second surface and providing electrical conductivity in the direction of the x and y-axes, and third portions each being received in a corresponding one of the vias and providing electrical conductivity between the first and the second portion in the direction of the z-axis.

Abstract: A portable storage unit has a body; a cavity in the body; an access opening in the body for providing access to the cavity, and a door which is hingedly fixed to the body for selectively opening and closing the cavity access opening. An extensible member is slidably received in the body and movable between a retracted position and a range of extended positions for securing the unit intermediate a pair of spaced apart surfaces such as a floor and underside of a desk. A spring urges the extensible member resiliently toward the extended positions. The extensible member may be latched in the retracted position and the body has a handle for transporting the unit between sites. Electrical connectors such as communication ports or electrical receptacles may be mounted to the unit along with one or more cords for supplying current to the electrical connectors.

Abstract: A first housing is formed with a cavity adapted to receive both of a second housing having a first length and provided with a first fuse, and a third housing having a second length smaller than the first length and provided with a second fuse. The cavity has a bottom. A pair of terminals are extended from the bottom of cavity so as to have a third length. The terminals are adapted to be fitted with both of the first fuse and the second fuse. At least one spacer having a predetermined thickness smaller than the third length is removably disposed on the bottom of cavity, at least in a case where the third housing is received in the cavity.

Abstract: An electronic component (202), such as a power transistor, is formed of a molded plastic package having top (206), bottom (204) and side (208) surfaces and electrical contacts. A lead frame (210) attaches to one of the contacts and wraps about the component (202) so as to provide heat dissipation capability from the bottom and top surfaces of the molded plastic package.

Abstract: Microelectronic devices having a protected input and methods for manufacturing such microelectronic devices. A microelectronic device has a microelectronic die and a support structure for coupling the die to voltage and signal sources. The microelectronic die can have integrated circuitry and a plurality of bond-pads coupled to the integrated circuitry. The bond-pads, for example, can include a reference voltage (Vref) bond-pad and a signal bond-pad adjacent to the Vref bond-pad. The signal bond-pad can be for a clock signal, a data signal, a strobe signal, an address signal, or another type signal for operating the integrated circuitry. The support structure can be a lead frame or a interposing substrate having a plurality of conductive members coupled to the bond-pads of the die. The conductive members can accordingly be metal pins in the case of lead frames or traces and solder ball-pads in the case of interposing substrates.

Abstract: A shield connection structure for shielding electromagnetic noise for a long time with a simple structure. A shielded cable is located through a cylindrical part of a shield terminal formed of a material having a small conductive resistance. The cylindrical part of the shield terminal is held in contact with a shield braid of the coaxial cable by a caulking layer between the shield braid and the cable core, and a flange part of the shield terminal is fixed via a low-resistance joint, such as a bolt, to a metallic housing. Use of relatively rigid caulking and the low-resistance joint provides a vibration-resistant shielded connection structure suitable for long-lived use in an applications such as a connection for an electric motor in a vehicle.

Abstract: A connection structure includes an external conductor of a coaxial cable which is electrically connected to a ground conductor installed at a surface of a planar circuit substrate, and an internal conductor of the coaxial cable which is connected to a micro strip line installed at the other surface of the planar circuit substrate. The internal conductor of the coaxial cable is welded to a conductive pattern of the micro strip line. The conductive pattern of the micro strip line includes a conductive welding portion welded to the internal conductor of the coaxial cable, a conductive landing portion extending from the conductive welding portion in a predetermined width, and an impedance converting portion whose width increases as it extends from the conductive landing portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel twist-on wire connectors. These connectors include spring inserts having cross-sectional shapes which reduce the amount of material necessary to manufacture the spring insert without compromising the holding or gripping ability of the wire connectors. The cross-sectional shapes eliminate excess material in the spring insert that plays no part in holding and gripping the electrical wires that are to be joined and held together.

Abstract: A cable has a cable core, an inner cable sheath, an outer sheath, and a sensor. The sensor may extend along the cable for detecting a detectable substance inside the cable. In addition, the sensor may be arranged between the inner cable sheath and the outer sheath for detecting such substance outside the inner cable sheath. Furthermore, the cable may include a structured material between the inner cable sheath and the outer sheath arranged to allow any detectable substance entering between the inner cable sheath and the outer sheath to travel along the perimeter of the inner cable sheath to reach the sensor. The structured material may be configured to create at least one interstice between the inner cable sheath and the outer sheath. The at least one interstice may be configured to collect at least a portion of the detectable substance and to be intersected by the sensor.

Abstract: An orthogonal electrical connector using a ball edge array includes one or more stackable fiber optic transceivers, wherein each transceiver includes an electrical substrate, and arrays of solder, which is in form of solder balls or solder paste. The solder is held in predetermined position adjacent to the electrical traces on both sides of the electrical substrate inserted into voids on the molded housing and aligned to contact the electrical traces on the motherboard. The electrical traces on the electrical substrate and the motherboard are located close enough so that the solder physically touches both parts during the soldering process. The solder is reflowed by heat, and the melted solder “wicks up” the electrical traces on the electrical substrate by surface tension.

Abstract: A printed circuit board having an insulating board and a plurality of wiring patterns formed over the insulating board by screen printing and provided with first conductive pattern bent parts and wiring parts linked to the first conductive pattern bent parts. The gaps between adjoining ones of the first conductive pattern bent parts are formed wider than those between those of the wiring parts positioned close to and on both sides of the first conductive pattern bent parts.

Abstract: A printed wiring board has a circuit substrate 6 having a conductor circuit 5 and a through hole 60, and also has a joining pin 1 inserted into the through hole. The joining pin is manufactured by using a material unmelted at a heating temperature in joining the joining pin to an opposite party pad 81. The joining pin is constructed by a joining head portion 11 having a greater diameter than an opening diameter of the through hole. The joining pin forms a joining portion for joining and connection to the opposite party pad. The joining pin has a leg portion 12 having a diameter smaller than the through hole. The leg portion is inserted into the through hole and is joined to the through hole by a conductive material such as a soldering material 20, etc. In lieu of a joining pin, a joining ball approximately having a spherical shape can be joined to the through hole by the conductive material.

Abstract: An interconnection structure has a first printed circuit board including an insulating substrate made of a thermoplastic resin and a first board conductive pattern with a land, a second printed circuit board overlapped with the first printed circuit board, and including a second board conductive pattern with a land that is electrically interconnected with the land of the first printed circuit board to form an interconnection portion between the first board conductive pattern and the second board conductive pattern. A part of the thermoplastic resin constituting the insulating substrate of the first printed circuit board extends to seal the interconnection portion. The insulating substrate of the first printed circuit board is adhered to an insulating substrate of the second printed circuit through an adhesion enhancing layer in which a material for lowering a modulus of elasticity of the insulating substrate of the first printed circuit board is dispersed therein.

Abstract: A solderable injection-molded integrated circuit substrate provides a mounting and interconnect structure for integrated circuits. Circuit traces within channels on the substrate provide interconnects that are isolated by the channel sides and solderable mounting contacts for Ball Grid Array (BGA) or wire-bondable integrated circuit dies. The substrate is injection-molded and then electroplated or seed plated and an etchant-resistive material is applied. The substrate is exposed to an etchant, removing the plated material from undesired locations and leaving the plated material in contact areas and trace areas within the channels. An integrated circuit die is then wire-bonded or solder ball attached to the substrate.

Abstract: A method to replace an electrical interface on a printed circuit board having a plurality of contact pads on a top surface, the contact pads being connected to conducting material extending through said circuit board. For the contact pad being replaced, drilling a hole through said printed circuit board at that location, and removing any remaining conductor material attached to the contact pad on the top board surface. Providing a replacement conductor/contact pad structure having a generally T-configuration with a stem and a head that completely surrounds the stem, wherein said head has a diameter greater than the diameter of the drilled hole. Inserting the replacement conductor/contact pad into the hole with said stem extending beyond the second surface of the board with the bottom surface of the head being in contact with the first surface of said board. A replacement conductor/contact pad on repaired board is also described.

Abstract: Electronic packages having compliant off-chip interconnects and methods of fabricating compliant off-chip interconnects are disclosed. A representative electronic package includes a substrate and a free-standing compliant off-chip interconnect. The free-standing compliant off-chip interconnect includes a first free-standing arcuate structure that is substantially parallel to the substrate. In addition, the method of fabricating free-standing arcuate structure compliant off-chip interconnects includes: depositing an arcuate structure compliant off-chip interconnect material; and forming the free-standing arcuate structure compliant off-chip interconnect.

Abstract: Arrangement for obtaining information about an occupying item of a seat having a seat portion and a back portion. The arrangement including a distance-determining sensor arranged in the back portion of the seat and enabling the determination of the distance between the occupying item and the back portion, an angle sensor arranged in connection with the seat for detecting an angle between the back portion and the seat portion, and a seat displacement sensor arranged in connection with the seat for detecting longitudinal displacement of the seat. Additional sensors systems can be used to provide additional information about the occupying item, such as a weight sensing system arranged in connection with the seat for measuring weight applied to the seat by the occupying item and one or more wave-based, capacitance or electric field sensor systems arranged to provide information about the position of the occupying item.

Abstract: A sample changer for a balance (1) with a weighing pan (18) has at least two sample carriers (3) that are spaced apart from each other. Each sample carrier is configured to receive at least one weighing-object unit and transport the weighing-object unit to the weighing pan (18). An individual draft-shield element (4) consisting at least in part of a transparent material is arranged above each of the sample carriers (3), closing off a sample space laterally and from above.

Abstract: 22A temperature and/or pressure compensated microbalance is disclosed. Temperature compensation is achieved by applying heat to at least a part of the microbalance, measuring a temperature-dependent variable, and controlling the amount of heat applied to the microbalance to keep the temperature-dependent variable substantially constant. In one embodiment, the heat is applied to the microbalance by passing electrical current through a resistive element provided on or embedded in the oscillating element of the microbalance. Pressure compensation is achieved by taking into account the variation in the mass or density of fluid passing through the microbalance. Various materials and methods of construction are also disclosed, including micro-machining and electroforming.

Abstract: The first movable contact including a ring portion and projections extended in same width as the ring is arranged against the peripheral fixed contacts and the central fixed contact at the bottom of the switch case in such manner that the ring portion confronts the peripheral fixed contacts at spaced intervals apart.

Abstract: A rotary encoder having a slider provided with a plurality of movable contact points disposed along a circle of a certain radius at an angular interval six times as large as an output pitch of rectangular wave signal. The contact-point board is provided on the surface with a signal pattern and a common pattern. Signal pattern consists of three fixed contact points, each having two conductive layers of radial shape of the same width, disposed at an angular pitch which is three times as large as the output pitch of rectangular wave signal. These fixed contact points are disposed along sliding circle of the movable contact points, at an angular pitch which is smaller, or larger, than angular interval of movable contact points, or a multiple of it, by the output pitch of rectangular wave signal, or twice that. Common pattern is disposed insulated from the signal pattern. Overall size of the rotary encoder is small in the outer diameter, and the encoder generates three-phase rectangular wave signal.

Abstract: A rotation key device for a portable terminal which includes a rotation key configured to rotate in forward and reverse directions. The rotation key device comprises a base plate, which is attached, at a lower surface thereof, to an upper surface of a first printed circuit board (PCB) mounted in a body of the portable terminal. A second PCB is attached to the upper surface of the base plate and is provided with a plurality of contact surfaces. A ring-shaped washer is attached to the upper surface of the second PCB, a rotation key is attached to the upper surface of the ring-shaped washer so that it can rotate in forward and reverse directions by a force applied thereto, a contact plate is provided in the rotation key, with a plurality of contact terminals, and a fixed button is coupled with the center of the rotation key so that the rotation key is rotatable.

Abstract: A transfer switch system includes a normal power supply and an emergency power supply. A set of linked switches select between these power supplies. A breaker seperates the power supplies from loading circuit. The switches and the breaker are mounted within an enclosure having an exterior handle. The exterior handle controls the selection between the normal and emergency power supplies.

Abstract: A vibration switch includes a housing with two side walls and a surrounding wall interposed therebetween to confine an accommodation chamber, two electric contact terminals respectively having contact ends extending in the chamber and electrically insulated and spaced apart from each other, and a deflectable electric contact body disposed in the chamber. The contact body has two anchoring ends anchoring on the side walls, respectively, and an intermediate portion which is deflectable so as to be disposed in electric contact with at least one of the contact ends for establishing an electrical connection between the terminals.

Abstract: An interlock device for a switch housed within a casing of a double door structure includes a lever, pivotably supported at an intermediate portion, that pivots a first end portion of said lever downward, when the first door closes a portion of said opening, a link member with a stud, the stud moving the link member upward from a first position to a second position, when the first door is closed, a pushing member mounted on a guide plate of the link member, the pushing member being pushed inward, when the link member is located at the second position, and a switch that turns ON a power supply, when the pushing member contacts the switch in the third position.

Abstract: Apparatus for foot operating an electrical element having a rotatable operating shaft comprising a base member adapted to be secured to a floor and defining a top opening cavity, a shaft rotatably mounted in opposite side walls of the base member, a treadle member mounted to the shaft and arranged to rotate the shaft when depressed by foot pressure, a support member secured to the base member in the cavity and having at least one upstanding wall, an electrical element having a rotatable operating shaft mounted to at least one upstanding wall, an operating arm mounted at one end thereof to said shaft and extending to a free end thereof toward said electrical element operating shaft, said free end including a surface, a flexible cord connected at one end thereof to said operating arm toward the end of said of said operating arm mounted to said shaft, extending over said surface, spirally wrapped a plurality of times about said electrical element shaft and anchored at its other end to a point on the base member.

Abstract: An arrangement of a flex circuit relay 7 is provided. The flex circuit relay 7 has a first substrate 10. A first connective member 24 is connected on the first substrate 10. A second flexible substrate 20 is provided having a contact portion 30 spaced away from the first substrate 10 in a first position and being spaced adjacent to the first substrate 10 in a second position. A second conductive member 26 is provided on the second substrate 20 for making contact with the first conductive member 24. A piezoelectric actuator 28 is connected with the second substrate 20 to cause the second substrate contact portion 30 to move between the first and second positions.

Abstract: An electrical switch having a casing, at least two fixed contacts and a corresponding moving contact. The moving contact has two parts contactable with the fixed contacts respectively thereby closing the switch. An operating member is supported for movement for moving the moving contact to close the switch. A spring acts upon the moving contact such that its two parts are inclined at an acute angle relative to the fixed contacts, with at least one of the parts being spaced apart from the corresponding fixed contact while the switch is open. The moving contact is movable such that said at least one or both of its parts comes or come into contact with the corresponding fixed contact or contacts against the action of the spring. In particular, the moving contact is movable against the action of the spring to have its two parts turning through said acute angle until both parts are in contact with the corresponding fixed contacts.

Abstract: A shipment sorting system is provided. The system comprises a plurality of inflow lines each thereof conveys cargoes each containing articles to be shipped; a plurality of first buffer lines each thereof includes a first loop storage line for circulating and storing cargoes transferred from the inflow lines and a plurality of first straight storage lines for storing cargoes; a second buffer line including a second loop storage line connected to output ends of the first straight storage lines for circulating and storing cargoes, a plurality of second straight storage lines, and a plurality of return lines for returning excess unit cargoes in one of the second straight storage lines which is fill of unit cargoes to another second straight storage line; and a shipment sorting area for sorting cargoes transferred from the second straight storage lines to the plurality of shoot lines by sorters according to different shipment requirements.

Abstract: A gas-insulated switchgear device which has a first bushing which accommodates a first terminal, a second bushing which accommodates a second terminal, a first enclosure which contains an interruption unit, and at least one first disconnection unit which has a first fixed contact electrically connected to the interruption unit and a second fixed contact at ground voltage, a first moving contact which is electrically connected to the first terminal and can be coupled to the first and second fixed contacts, the moving contact being fixed to a rotary operating element and rotating rigidly therewith, the fixed contacts that can be coupled to the moving contact lying on the rotation plane of the moving contact.

Abstract: An arc quenching device for an air-switching low-voltage switching device includes quenching plates, which are arranged between and attached to parallel insulating walls, as well as a cover. A separate cooling device may be introduced into the space between the quenching plates and the cover. The cooling device is in the form of an insert cartridge and contains deionization technology for switching gases. Attachment pins on the cooling device and corresponding holding openings on the inside of the cover make it possible to fit the cooling device to the cover before this cover engages with the insulating walls.

Abstract: A ball forming method and device used in a wire bonding apparatus in which a discharge is caused to occur by applying a high voltage between an electric torch and a tip end of a wire that extends out of a lower end of a capillary so as to form a ball at a tip end of the wire, and an insulating member is provided so as to cover the electric torch with a space between the vicinity of a discharge portion of the electric torch and the insulating member, a heater being further provided on the insulating member so as to heat such a space.

Abstract: A wire-electrical discharge machine infuses a processing liquid in a gap between a wire and a workpiece and processes the workpiece using predetermined processing parameters. The machine includes a processing parameter memory that stores processing parameters, a second memory that stores a relationship between nozzle height and processing energy, a processing energy determining unit that determines the processing energy, for example, during rough processing, based on the relationship, and a processing parameter changing unit that changes the processing parameters based on the processing energy. The workpiece is processed using the changed processing parameters. According to this construction, wire breakage can be prevented and the accuracy of the processed surface can be improved.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machine for forming a small hole including an intermediate guide having an upper guide and lower guide to support an electrode for forming a small hole at two points between an electrode holder and a small hole guide and also having a chuck, which can be opened and closed, provided in each guide; a first drive unit to drive the intermediate guide in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, a second drive unit to open and close the guide chucks of the intermediate guide; and a third drive unit to variably change distance L between the upper guide and lower guide of the intermediate guide in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a release composition for molds and formers used in the production of natural and synthetic latex articles. The release coating contains a water-borne, high Tg polymer formed from at least one hydrophobic monomer and at least one hydrophilic monomer, where the Tg of the polymer is at least −10° C. One advantage of the release composition is that it is compatible with a coagulant solution used in the formation of latex gloves. Articles formed using the release coating have good anti-blocking properties.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting twist curvature of a slider is provided, wherein the slider has a bearing surface, a back surface, which is opposite to the bearing surface, a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis. The apparatus includes a light source adapted to produce a light beam capable of altering material stresses in a working surface of the slider. The apparatus further includes an apparatus for obtaining a measure of the twist curvature of the bearing surface and for scanning the light beam across the working surface in a pattern selected to alter material stresses in the working surface asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis based on the measure of the twist curvature so as to induce a change in the twist curvature.

Abstract: An EOM Q-switched CO2 laser produces bursts of laser pulses delivered at a high PRF such as 20-140 kHz and having a short high-power spike of about 80-150 ns followed by a lower-power tail of about 0.05-12.0 &mgr;s. The bursts and/or laser pulses can be shaped by controlling the RF pumping duty cycle, the delay between the onset of RF pumping and the initiation of Q-switching, the pulse repetition frequency, and/or the duration of the tail. The bursts of laser pulses can be adapted to facilitate machining of metal layers and/or layers containing materials having disparate vaporization temperatures and/or disparate melting points, such as FR4 or green ceramics.

Abstract: A method for removing material via a laser so as to reduce the formation of channels comprising the steps of emitting a laser pulse comprising a pulse energy, a pulse duration, and a fluence towards a surface of a drilling material the fluence of a value sufficient to avoid the formation of a channel in the drilling material at the surface to form a hole comprising a side wall and a bottom, shaping a spatial profile of the laser pulse such that the fluence is substantially uniform across the spatial profile; and emitting at least one subsequent laser pulse having a pulse energy, a pulse duration, and a fluence sufficient to avoid the formation of a channel at the bottom of the hole.

Abstract: A cored electrode for arc welding wherein the electrode has a core in which the fill material includes a manganese-containing composite particle. A method for arc welding comprises providing a cored electrode having a core of fill material including a composite particle containing manganese, and applying a voltage to the electrode upon contacting a work piece to cause the electrode to melt and form a weld metal bead.