Abstract: An optically active lactone compound is produced by using a Zr(salen) complex of the following formula (I) or its enantiomer as a catalyst and subjecting a cyclic ketone compound to a Baeyer-Villiger reaction with at least one oxidizer selected from hydrogen peroxide, aqueous hydrogen peroxide and urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct in a solvent: wherein Ar1 is an aryl group having a carbon number of 10 to 16 and Y is a phenoxy group or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 10.

Abstract: A process is described for continuously preparing chromanol ester derivatives, in particular for continuously preparing carboxylic esters of tocopherols and tocotrienols by continuous acylation with carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides.

Abstract: Novel oxazolidines finding utility as intermediates in the preparation of C-13 acyloxy sidechain-bearing taxanes such as paclitaxel and analogs thereof. The present invention also relates to novel methods of coupling the oxazolidines to form the aforementioned taxanes, and to methods of preparing the oxazolidines.

Abstract: Highly substituted alkyl-bridged ligand systems based of indene derivatives and transition metal compounds can be obtained in high yields by a novel process.

Abstract: Fluorinated organosilicon compounds having at least one fluorinated organic group and at least three SiH groups in a molecule are capable of hydrosilylation reaction with such compounds as vinyl group-bearing fluoro-polymers in a stable manner and fully compatible therewith.

Abstract: Applicant has discovered an in situ method of preparing quaternary ammonium methocarbonate salts and quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts in high yield from tertiary amines, methanol, and at least one of a cyclic carbonate, an aliphatic polyester (such as a polycarbonate), or an ester (such as a carbonate ester), and their subsequent conversion to quaternary ammonium bicarbonates, quaternary ammonium carbonates or both in a one-pot reaction. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method includes reacting an amine and methanol with at least one of a cyclic carbonateand an aliphatic polyester to yield a quaternary ammonium methocarbonate. This method does not produce or require the handling of corrosive quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Another embodiment is a method of preparing quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts by reacting tertiary amines, methanol, and an ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic nitriles form halogenoaromatics or aryl perfluorosulfonates and alkali metal cyanides in the presence of palladium catalysts, zinc, and polyethers.

Abstract: This invention relates to the purification of N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-&agr;-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester by slurrying a mixture containing N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-&agr;-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester with organic or aqueous organic solvents.

Abstract: A crystallization is carried out by adding a solution of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine N-carboxylic anhydride in a good solvent to an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent while inhibiting the oil formation and scaling of said N-carboxylic anhydride. Further, a crystallization is carried out by adding an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent sequentially to a solution of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine N-carboxylic anhydride in a good solvent over not less than ¼ of an hour and at a temperature of not higher than 60° C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3-aminoalkanoic acid esters of the general formula: in which R is C1-6-alkyl and R1 is hydrogen, C1-6-alkyl or phenyl, or their salts, by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding 3-amino-2-alkenoic acid esters of the general formula: in which R and R1 have the above mentioned meanings. The hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid and the salt of the 3-aminoalkanoic acid ester (I) and the strong acid formed is optionally converted into the free 3-aminoalkanoic acid ester (I) or into another salt in a manner known per se.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (1), wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; R2 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aromatic group, or a substituent having at least two of these groups, the R2 being optionally partially fluorinated; R3 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group that is optionally branched, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, or a cyclic group having an aromatic or alicyclic structure, the R3 optionally containing a bond of an oxygen atom or carbonyl group; and n is an integer of 1-2.

Abstract: A process for producing a carboxylic acid having (n+1) carbon atoms, which includes carbonylating an alcohol having n carbon atoms, and/or an ester of the alcohol and the carboxylic acid in each alkyl group with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic system containing a rhodium catalyst. The process uses a reaction medium for the carbonylation that includes: (1) a rhodium catalyst, (2) an organic halide corresponding to said alcohol, (3) an ester of the alcohol and the carboxylic acid, (4) the carboxylic acid, optionally (5) water, a haloid acid, an inorganic halogen salt or an acetate, and (6) a cocatalyst selected from arginine, N-acetyl alanine, or nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and industrially advantageous process producing amine derivatives having the action of inhibiting the secretion and accumulation of amyloid &bgr; protein. In Compound (I), the ether linkage is selectively cleaved without cleaving the amide linkage present in the same molecule and tertiary amines are not converted into quaternary salts, and thus Amine Derivative (V) with good qualities having the action of inhibiting the secretion and accumulation of amyloid &bgr; protein can be obtained in high yield.

Abstract: A Type IV crystal of (Z)-N-[2-methoxy-5-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]phenyl]-L-serinamide hydrochloride, which can be produced by crystallization using a solvent containing water at 2% by weight at the maximum and which has a X ray powder diffraction pattern containing peaks at least at 13.4°, 18.7°, 19.4°, and 22.5° (2&thgr;), is provided. This compound is useful as an effective ingredient for a carcinostatic agent. The crystal of the present invention has excellent properties desirable from the standpoint of the production of medicinal products, i.e., reduced water adsorption and extremely high stability to water. Also provided are a method for producing the Type IV crystal thereof and a method for use of the crystal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a purification method of cyclohexanone-oxime in a solution of solvents immiscible with water, which consists in washing said solutions with water or with an aqueous solution of a base having a pK<5 or in passing the solutions of cyclohexanone-oxime through a weakly alkaline ion exchange resin and, optionally, also through a weakly acid ion exchange resin.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate is produced by quaternizing a tertiary amine with a hydroxycarboxylic ester represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1 to R3 are as defined in the disclosure. By using only one tertiary amine having at least one substituent different from R1 of the ester moiety of the hydroxycarboxylic ester and by controlling the reaction conditions, a mixture of quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylates having different quaternary ammonium ions is produced. By reacting an inorganic acid with the quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate or its mixture, a quaternary ammonium salt of inorganic acid or its mixture is produced.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device has an organic layer between a pair of electrodes. The organic layer (in particular, a hole-transporting layer) has a polymer of a vinyl compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group. The glass transition temperature of the polymer is about 200 to 250° C., and the polymer has high heat-resistance. Thus, the use of the polymer improves heat resistance of an organic EL device.

Abstract: Compositions comprising (±)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)cyclohexanone, a transition-metal salt, and an organic solvent and methods of preparing (±)-cis-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-(aryl)cyclohexanols, in particular (±)-cis-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the (±)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)cyclohexanone and transition-metal salt are in the form of a (±)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)cyclohexanone:transition-metal salt complex. In another embodimemt, aryl is 3-methoxyphenyl.

Abstract: In a decarbonation process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas with the use of an amine compound-containing absorbing solution, an amine compound accompanying a decarbonated exhaust gas is efficiently recovered in the following manner: A water washing section is constituted in two stages, a first-stage water washing section 64 and a second-stage water washing section 65. In these water washing sections, recovery of the amine compound accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas is performed sequentially. Regeneration tower refluxed water is supplied as washing water to the second-stage water washing section 65. Washing water is withdrawn from the second-stage water washing section 65 and supplied to the first-stage water washing section 64. Demisters 83, 84 and 85 are provided at outlets of a carbon dioxide absorption section 73, the first-stage water washing section 64 and the second-stage water washing section 65.

Abstract: There are disclosed a disulfone compound of formula (1): wherein Ar denotes an aryl group that may have a substituent, R1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a protective group of a hydroxyl group and the wavy line means that the disulfone compound is an E or Z geometrical isomer or a mixture thereof, a method for producing the same, intermediate compounds therefore and a process for producing retinol through the disulfone compound.

Abstract: OLED materials are provided that have the general formula: R1—(Ari)n—R2 wherein the subscript n is an integer of from 5 to 15; the superscript i is an integer of from 1 to n and denotes the position downstream from R1; each Ari is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R1 and R2 are each substituents that increase the solubility of the para-phenylene compound in nonpolar organic solvents relative to the solubility of the corresponding compound wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen; with the proviso that the Ari groups are linked together in a 1,4-paraphenylene manner.

Abstract: Nonmetallic organic catalysts are provided that facilitate the enantioselective reaction of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated aldehydes. The catalysts are chiral imidazolidinone compounds having the structure of formula (IIA) or (IIB) or are acid addition salts thereof, wherein, in one preferred embodiment, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, R2 is tri(C1-C6 alkyl)-substituted methyl, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, and R5 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, and C1-C6 alkyl. The chiral imidazolidinones are useful in catalyzing a wide variety of reactions, including cycloaddition reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, and Michael additions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing bisphenol A, in which bisphenol A is produced by condensation of phenol and acetone with the use of a cation exchange resin as a catalyst and a free mercaptan as a promoter, comprising feeding phenol and acetone to a multi-stage reactor in which at least two fixed bed-type adiabatic reactors packed with the cation exchange resin are arranged in series and a heat exchanger is provided at an inlet of each of the reactors, and controlling the temperature within each of the reactors so as not to exceed 90° C. With this method, elimination of sulfonic groups from the cation exchange resin as a catalyst can be suppressed, so that bisphenol A of high quality can be obtained, and the amount of the catalyst used can be reduced.

Abstract: The isomerization of an alkylated phenol composition that contains an ortho-alkyl substituted phenol component to isomerize and reduce the level of ortho-alkyl substituted phenol component therein can be accomplished by heating that composition in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a solid acid catalyst to carry out such isomerization and reduction in the level of ortho-alkyl substituted phenol. Examples of suitable solid acid catalysts can be selected from the H-form zeolites, the supported sulfonic acids, and the heteropoly acids. The resulting isomerized product can be subsequently phosphorylated.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the oxidative degradation of glycerin involving adjusting the pH of glycerin to a range of either: (a) from about 3.5 to about 5.0; or (b) to from about 10.0 to about 12.0.

Abstract: A process for the production of a fluorinated organic compound, characterized by fluorinating an organic compound having a hydrogen atoms using IF5; and a novel fluorination process for fluorinating an organic compound having a hydrogen atoms by using a fluorinating agent containing IF5 and at least one member selected from the group consisting of acids, bases, salts and additives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of selectively producing adamantanes in a production apparatus made of an inexpensive material, not having any negative influence on the natural environment. The method for producing adamantanes includes isomerizing a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon having at least 10 carbon atoms in the presence of a metal-carrying solid acid catalyst, wherein an unsaturated bond-having compound is made to coexist along with the catalyst during the isomerization.

Abstract: Provided is a process for converting methane at a remote natural gas site into ethylene and other products. Methane is converted into syngas which is converted into a low-sulfur liquid hydrocarbon mixture containing less than 1 ppm sulfur via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) syntheses. The low-sulfur Fischer-Tropsch liquids are transferred from the remote site to an existing facility where a sulfur-containing compound or a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon mixture is added to avoid coking problems. The resultant blend of hydrocarbons which has a sulfur content of at least 1 ppm, is fed to a naphtha cracking unit and ethylene recovered.

Abstract: A process for treating methane-containing natural gas is provided which comprises: i) converting methane to methanol at or near a site of natural gas production; ii) transporting the methanol to a refinery remote from said site of production, said refinery producing ethylene and propylene and comprising an alkylation unit which can utilize a propylene feed; and iii) converting said methanol to gasoline boiling range fuel product and petrochemicals, including ethylene, propylene, butenes and xylenes.

Abstract: Porous microcomposites have been prepared from perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer and metal oxides such as silica using the sol-gel process. Such microcomposites possess high surface area and exhibit extremely high catalytic activity.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline, with a catalyst composition to effect the conversion of the hydrocarbon to olefins and C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a promoter and optionally a binder.

Abstract: A catalyst, a process for making the catalyst and a process for using the catalyst in aromatization of alkanes to aromatics, specifically, aromatization of alkanes having two to six carbon atoms per molecule, such as propane, to aromatics, such as benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalyst is an aluminum-silicon-germanium zeolite on which platinum has been deposited. Germanium is in the framework of the crystalline zeolite. Platinum is deposited on the zeolite. The catalyst may be supported on magnesia, alumina, titania, zirconia, thoria, silica, boria or mixtures thereof. The catalyst may contain a sulfur compound on the surface of the catalyst. The sulfur compound may be added to the catalyst in a pretreatment process or introduced with the hydrocarbon feed to contact the catalyst during the aromatization process.

Abstract: A process for separating multibranched paraffins comprised in a hydrocarbon feed comprising hydrocarbons containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms per molecule comprises a separation unit functioning by adsorption and contains at least one zeolitic adsorbent with a mixed structure with principal channels with openings defined by a ring containing 10 oxygen atoms and secondary channels with openings defined by a ring of at least 12 oxygen atoms, the secondary channels only being accessible to the feed to be separated via the principal channels. Particular zeolitic adsorbents of the invention are zeolites with structure types EUO, NES and MWW. NU-85 and NU-86 zeolites are also particularly suitable for carrying out the process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transgenic animals, as well as compositions and methods relating to the characterization of gene function. Specifically, the present invention provides transgenic mice comprising mutations in a BMP gene. Such transgenic mice are useful as models for disease and for identifying agents that modulate gene expression and gene function, and as potential treatments for various disease states and disease conditions.

Abstract: A method of producing mutant/targeted non-human mammals, such as mutant mice that does not require production of chimera and permits the introduction of multiple mutations in embryos and, thus, avoids the necessity of breeding to combine all of the desired mutations in a single animal. The method is efficient in producing ES mice.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for improving resistance or tolerance of a plant to a pathogen, wherein the method comprises integrating a DNA molecule encoding a fusion protein comprising at least two anti-pathogenic proteins or protein domains joined by at least one linker peptide, wherein the first anti-pathogenic protein or protein domain comprises Oc-I&Dgr;D86 or Oc-I and the second anti-pathogenic protein or protein domain comprises CpTI.

Abstract: Genetically engineered modification of potato for suppressing the formation of amylose-type starch is described. Three fragments for insertion in the antisense direction into the potato genome are also described. Moreover, antisense constructs, genes and vectors comprising said antisense fragments are described. Further a promoter for the gene coding for formation of granule-bound starch synthase and also the gene itself are described. Also cells, plants, tubers, microtubers and seeds of potato comprising said antisense fragments are described. Finally, amylopectin-type starch, both native and derivatised, derived from the potato that is modified in a genetically engineered manner, as well as a method of suppressing amylose formation in potato are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to transgenic plants and plant cells comprising a reduced expression of invertase inhibitors. The modification of the expression of the invertase inhibitors is achieved by introducing a cDNA sequence in an antisense orientation with respect to a promoter. The expression of the antisense DNA sequence is under the regulation of either the CaMV35S promoter or a tissue specific promoter.

Abstract: A chemically inducible promoter is described that may be used to transform plants, including tobacco and lettuce, with genes which are easily regulatable by adding the plants or plant cells to a medium containing an inducer of the promoter or by removing the plants or plant cells from such medium. The promoter described is one that is inducible by a glucocorticoid which is not endogenous to plants. Such promoters may be used with a variety of genes such as ipt or knotted1 to induce shoot formation in the presence of a glucocorticoid. The promoter may also be used with antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes which are then regulatable by the presence or absence of inducer rather than being constitutive. Other examples of genes which may be placed under the control of the inducible promoter are also presented.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated SNAP25 nucleic acids, their encoded proteins, and a loss-of-function phenotype of the SNAP25 gene. The present invention provides methods and compositions relating to altering SNAP25 concentration and/or composition of plants. The invention further provides recombinant expression cassettes, host cells, and transgenic plants.

Abstract: Nucleic acid constructs are provided comprising transcriptional regulatory regions homologous to plant FAE1 promoters. In some embodiments, these constructs may be used in transgenic cells or plants to promote expression of foreign and endogenous genes in developing seeds, for example to affect seed lipid metabolism, protein or carbohydrate composition and accumulation, or seed development.

Abstract: The present invention relates to proteins and nucleic acids related to salt tolerance in plants.

Abstract: A new lettuce variety designated Pacer is described. Pacer is an iceberg lettuce variety exhibiting stability and uniformity. Pacer lettuce seed are deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and have ATCC deposit number PTA-4010.

Abstract: Heat tolerant broccoli plants and seed produced therefrom are described. The heat tolerant broccoli plants are capable of producing a commercially acceptable broccoli head under heat stress growth conditions. The heat tolerant broccoli plants are exemplified by seeds deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and having ATCC Accession numbers: 203530, 203531, 203532, and 203533.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of use are provided herein to make and use transgenic plants with value-added traits.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid maize plant, designated as 33R77, produced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize lines. This invention relates to the hybrid seed 33R77, the hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and trivial modifications of hybrid 33R77. This invention also relates to methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic maize plants produced by that method. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize lines derived from hybrid maize line 33R77 and to the maize lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inbred corn line, designated KW7606, is disclosed. Inbred KW7606 is a Lancaster-Mol7 family based inbred that is specifically bred by a pedigree selection method for the north central United States. The invention also relates to the seeds of inbred corn line KW76061, to the plants of inbred corn line KW7606 and to methods for producing a corn plant by crossing the inbred line KW7606 with itself or another corn line. The invention further relates to transgenic corn plants produced from inbred corn plant KW7606.

Abstract: An inbred maize line, designated PH8CW, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH8CW, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH8CW with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH8CW with another maize line or plant and to methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic maize plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH8CW, to methods for producing other inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH8CW and to the inbred maize lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: An inbred maize line, designated PH8PG, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH8PG, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH8PG with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH8PG with another maize line or plant and to methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic maize plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH8PG, to methods for producing other inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH8PG and to the inbred maize lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: A marigold plant, a regenerable portion thereof and seed are disclosed whose flower petals, leaves or flower petals and leaves contain one or more of an enhanced zeaxanthin ratio, an enhanced neoxanthin plus violaxanthin ratio, an enhanced &bgr;-carotene ratio, an enhanced &agr;-cryptoxanthin ratio, an enhanced phytoene ratio or an enhanced phytofluene ratio relative to that ratio in a non-mutant marigold. The flower petals of such a plant also typically contain zeta-carotene that is not normally found in such petals. Also disclosed are methods of preparing such plants, oleoresins and comestible materials that have such carotenoid ratios.