Abstract: A capacitive load driving circuit (1) for charging and discharging a capacitive load (11) is provided with a voltage divider (5) for dividing a power supply voltage (VH) into a plurality of different voltages (V1-V9), a plurality of condensers (2a-i) to which the voltages (V1-V9) are respectively charged as terminal voltages, and a switch (7) for switching connections between the capacitive load (11) and the condensers (2a-i), the switch (7) sequentially connecting the condensers (2a-i) in an ascending order of the terminal voltages so that electrostatic energy is supplied to the capacitive load (11) when the capacitive load (11) is charged, the switch (7) sequentially connecting the condensers (2a-i) in a descending order of the terminal voltages so that electrostatic energy is collected from the capacitive load (11) when the capacitive load (11) is discharged.

Abstract: A system on a chip (SOC voltage generator) system is provided for supplying at least one voltage level to a plurality of units on a chip having an SOC design. The system includes a plurality of local DC voltage generators distributed throughout the chip, each local DC voltage generator independently supplying voltage to at least one unit of the plurality of units, each local DC voltage generator including a regulator system outputting one pump control signal; and a pump system receiving the one pump control signal and outputting at least one voltage level in accordance with the one pump control signal. Furthermore a method for supplying voltage to a plurality of units on a chip having an SOC design is provided. The method includes the steps of distributing a plurality of local DC voltage generators throughout the chip; and supplying at least one voltage level to the plurality of units via the plurality of local DC voltage generators.

Abstract: A high voltage AC power supply circuit for a capacitive load CL, such as an electroluminescent lamp, includes a low voltage DC supply, an inductor L and a FET S in series. The FET S can be pulsed so that the inductor L generates a voltage to charge the capacitive load CL via an H-bridge H, which is in parallel with the FET S. A diode D prevents current discharging from the capacitive load CL while the FET S is closed. The total capacitance downstream of the diode D and in parallel with the capacitive load CL is less than the capacitive load CL, so that when the polarity of the H-bridge is reversed, the voltage across the H-bridge collapses to earth and the capacitive load CL is discharged via the low voltage DC supply. The circuits which a employ a large smoothing capacitor in parallel with the H-bridge.

Abstract: In a step-up apparatus, a first level shift circuit receives a first clock signal to generate two phase-opposite second clock signals, and a second level shift circuit receives the first clock signal to generate two phase-opposite third clock signals. A charge pump circuit steps up a power supply voltage at a power supply voltage terminal using the second clock signals to generate a positive voltage, and a polarity inverting circuit inverts the positive voltage using the third clock signals to generate a negative voltage whose absolute value is the same as the positive voltage. A high level of the second clock signals is not higher than the positive voltage, and a low level of the second clock signals is not lower than a voltage at a ground terminal. A high level of the third clock signals is not higher than the power supply voltage, and a low level of the third clock signals is not lower than the negative voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bandgap reference circuit for generating a reference voltage. The bandgap reference circuit comprises an operational amplifier; a plurality of transistors connected to the operational amplifier; a plurality of resistances connected to the plurality of transistors; and a plurality of bipolar transistors connected to the plurality of resistances. A first and a second resistances of the plurality of resistances are used for voltage level shifting so that the operational amplifier can normally operate.

Abstract: An multi-stage error amplifier (22) of a power management system (10) is formed to insert a zero to compensate for a high frequency pole that could cause unstable outputs at some output current levels. The error amplifier (22) includes a feed-forward block (40) that isolates the capacitor (36) from other signal paths to facilitate low noise and high efficiency operation.

Abstract: A signal processing system (100) comprises an input terminal (102), and a main path having a main filter input gain unit (126) coupled to said input terminal (102), a main filter (132) and an output gain unit (138). An auxiliary path includes an auxiliary filter input gain unit (106) coupled to the input terminal (102), an auxiliary filter (112) and an auxiliary filter output gain unit (118). An adder (144) is coupled to the output gain units (118, 138) for generating an output signal to an output terminal (148). The gains of the gain units are adjusted by a control unit (18) responsive to a detecting signal from a detector (160).

Abstract: A Class D switching audio amplifier incorporating four state modulation, input-to-output drive and feedback signal isolation, dual topology output filtration, and a low inductance board layout. The four state modulation results in a common mode voltage in the absence of audio. The input-to-output isolation of drive and feedback signals allows for elimination of large power transformers in applications without user-accessible outputs. Such isolation may make use of optical isolators. The output filter includes common mode and differential topology filter stages. The low inductance board layout treats the amplifier and power supply boards as modules, and utilizes both sides of the amplifier board in order to minimize trace length.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation (PWM) amplifier which is capable of reducing unwanted radiation from a PWM output thereof, which can cause EMI, while reducing manufacturing costs thereof. A triangular wave-generating circuit (3) of the PWM amplifier outputs a triangular wave. The triangular wave has a waveform steep or gentle in pulse rising and falling slopes dependent on a value of current flowing through an FET (116) or an FET (117). The value of current is changed by a current flowing through a FET (112). A switching element (32) changes voltage applied to the gate of an FET (110), for control of increase and decrease in the current flowing through the FET (112). This enables the triangular wave to be generated such that it is formed by pulses having different periods. An input signal is subjected to PWM amplification based on the triangular wave generated.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an amplification device for a high-frequency signal. The invention is particularly adapted for the transmission of radiofrequency signals used for television or radio under frequency modulation.

Abstract: The circuit comprises a differential amplifier (10) with two inputs and two outputs and a common mode regulation circuit. Between a regulation terminal (INCM) of the amplifier and the outputs there are connected a first (C1p) and a second (1m) capacitor and first (C3) and second (C4) capacitive means that by means of controlled switches (SW9-SW12) can be alternatively and simultaneousy connected in parallel with, respectively, the first ((C1p) and the second (C1m) capacitor or between a first (VB) and a second (Vref1) reference voltage terminal.

Abstract: A signal along a voltage reference bus of an RF device is rectified to provide an indication of the amplitudes of the RF voltage swings that are the result of rapidly varying RF currents. The indication is proportional to the peak RF currents through the RF device and is proportional to the output power under matched load conditions.

Abstract: Where a DSP is used to predistort the input to a radio frequency power amplifier (RF PA) in the digital domain, then the DSP can also be used to perform a mathematical clipping operation on the input signal. This means that unwanted distortion is not introduced via the clipping process.

Abstract: A feedforward amplifier is disclosed in which either the main amplifier or the auxiliary amplifier includes at least three parallel signal paths. Each of the signal paths includes a complex gain adjuster. In addition, a feedforward amplifier is disclosed in which a plurality of control linearizers compensate for nonlinearities in the response of signal adjusters to control inputs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for substantially reducing and/or canceling nonlinearities of any order in circuits, devices, and systems such as amplifiers and mixers. In particular, methods and apparatus are provided for substantially reducing and/or canceling third order nonlinearities in circuits, devices, and systems such as amplifiers and mixers. A first coupler is used to split an input signal into two equal-amplitude in-phase components, each component is processed by two nonlinear devices with different nonlinearities, and a final combiner, such as a 180-degree hybrid, recombines the processed signals 180 degrees out of phase and substantially reduces and/or cancels the undesired nonlinear distortion components arising due to nonlinearities in the nonlinear devices.

Abstract: A power amplifier device having a conductive structure overlying a dielectric layer. The conductive structure has a first conductive structure portion that is substantially electrically isolated from a second conductive structure portion. A first plurality of bond wires couple the first conductive structure portion to an amplifying device, while a second plurality of bond wires couple the second conductive structure portion to the amplifying device.

Abstract: Provided is a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator capable of varying a phase difference between an in-phase output signal and a quadrature output signal. The quadrature voltage controlled oscillator comprises a first voltage controlled oscillator, a second voltage controlled oscillator, a first amplifier, a second amplifier, a third amplifier, and a fourth amplifier. The first voltage controlled oscillator generates a first output and a second output. The second voltage controlled oscillator generates a third output and a fourth output. The first output is a positive in-phase signal, and the second output is a negative in-phase signal. The third output is a positive quadrature signal, and the fourth output is a negative quadrature signal. The first amplifier is controlled by a first current and drives the first output and the second output in response to the third output and the fourth output.

Abstract: There is disclosed an inverter oscillator circuit (10) delivering an alternating output signal (SOSC) and including a parallel arrangement, between an input terminal (A) and an output terminal (B), of an inverter amplifier means (2, 3), a resonator (1) and a resistor (4), first and second load capacitors (5, 6) being respectively connected between said input and output terminals (A, B), on the one hand, and a supply potential (VSS, VDD, VR), on the other hand.

Abstract: A phase locked loop (PLL) circuit adjusts a voltage controlled differential oscillator to generate an output frequency signal that is a selected multiple of an input reference signal. An oscillator control circuit increases and decreases the output frequency signal. A frequency detector detects a phase shift between the reference signal and the PLL output signal and produces an error signal. In response to the error signal, a fast lock circuit detects when the output frequency signal passes the selected multiple of the reference signal.

Abstract: In a high-stability low-noise voltage-controlled oscillator, a current mirror circuit is connected with a power supply line, and a current controller for controlling a current flowing through the current mirror circuit is disposed between the current mirror circuit and a ground line. In parallel with the current controller, a first negative resistor, an LC circuit, and a second negative resistor are disposed in this order between the current mirror circuit and the ground line. The LC circuit includes an inductor, two variable capacitance elements, and three capacitor pairs. Three control signals are applied such that each control signal is applied to one of N-channel transistors in the current controller and also to one of switch pairs corresponding to one of capacitor pairs in a resonator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tuning circuit for tuning a filter stage, which has an RC element (1) with an RC time constant (&tgr;), with the RC time constant (&tgr;) being the product of the resistance of a resistor (R1) in the RC element (1) and the capacitance of a capacitor (C1), which is connected in series with the resistor (R1), in the RC element (1), having a comparator (10) for comparison of the voltage which is produced at the potential node (4) between the resistor (R1) and the capacitor (C1), with a reference ground voltage; and having a controller (15) which varies the charge on the capacitor (C1) in the RC element (1) until the comparator (10) indicates that the voltage which is produced at the potential node (4) is equal to the reference ground voltage, with the controller (15) switching a capacitor array (26) as a function of the charge variation time, which capacitor array (26) is connected in parallel with the capacitor (C1) in the RC element (1), in order to compensate for any discrepancy bet

Abstract: A mode-switching transformer selective on a band centered on a first frequency, comprising, between a same common mode input/output terminal and respectively one of two differential mode input/output terminals, a high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency smaller than said first frequency, a band-pass filter with a central frequency greater than said first frequency.

Abstract: A common mode choke coil comprises: a holder including side walls which have wire guide strips respectively formed at their sides and which have vertical guide grooves and horizontal flange stoppers both formed at their inner side surfaces; a coil assembly with edgewise windings of a rectangular wire provided around a bobbin with flanges; and a core securing plate spring, wherein the coil assembly is fixedly set in a correct position inside the holder such that protrusions formed at the flanges are put through the guide grooves thereby fixedly holding the bobbin in place horizontally while the flanges are locked by the flange stoppers thereby fixedly holding the bobbin in place vertically, and wherein lead wires of the edgewise windings are bent at upper ends of the wire guide strips, and then extend along the wire guide strips.

Abstract: A reflective grating (18) having spaced grid lines (36) patterned on a piezoelectric substrate (12) for controlling the magnitude and phase of surface acoustic waves (28) in a reflective filter (10) or resonator. The magnitude and phase of the surface acoustic wave (28) are controlled by a sampling period (34) of the reflective grating (18) and the density and sequence of distributed acoustic reflective dots (42). The reflective dots (42) are randomly distributed within gaps (40) between adjacent grid lines (36) or on top of the grid lines (36) of the reflective grating (18). The pattern of the reflective dots distributed within the gaps (40) or on the grid lines (36) is determined by the dot density, where the dot density varies from a lowest density of 0 to a maximum density of 1.

Abstract: A reflective grating (36) for a SAW filter (10) or resonator. The reflective grating (36) is formed by selectively dithering grating grid lines (38) with respect to a uniform spaced grid of M number of grid lines (38) per each N wavelength (&lgr;) of the grating (36) (N&lgr;/M), where &lgr; is the wavelength of the center of the frequency band of interest, M and N are integers and M>N. M and N are selected so that the grating (36) does not have a net reflection when all of the grid lines (38) are uniformly spaced. By controlling the dithering pattern of the grid line in each sampling period of N&lgr;, any desired net distributed reflectivity from the grating can be implemented in both magnitude and phase.

Abstract: A dual track SAW reflector filter (150) including a first track (152) and a second track (154). The first track and the second track (152, 154) include an input transducer (156, 164), an output transducer (158, 166), first reflectors (160, 168) and second reflectors (162, 170). The reflectivity function of the first reflectors (160, 168) and the second reflectors (162, 170) are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase. The input transducers (156,164) have the same polarity and the output transducers (158, 166) have opposite polarities. Surface acoustic waves produced by the input transducers (156, 164) and received directly by the output transducers (158, 166) are in phase and cancel at the output transducers (158, 166). Surface acoustic waves reflected by the reflectors (160, 162, 168 and 170) are in phase and add at the output transducers (158, 166).

Abstract: Voltage fluctuations, especially due to a resonant effect of a power distribution system, result in serious timing skews in a high-speed digital system. Adding extra resistive loadings for coupling out the noise into external terminations will reduce a quality factor of the power distribution system, which will effectively minimize the noise accumulation. The external coupled resistive terminators are preferably formed on positions of a microstrip resonator where relatively high noise fluctuations occur. Each of the external coupled resistive terminators may be formed of a resistor, a transmission line with a resistor at one end, a lossy transmission line with an open circuit at one end, or a quarter-wavelength lossy transmission line. Simulation results indicate that the maximum voltage fluctuations are suppressed from 750 mV to 150 mV at a resonant frequency and about 50% for an overall range of the operating frequencies.

Abstract: An apparatus for launching a surfacewave onto a single conductor transmission line provides a launch including a flared, continuously curving cone portion; a coaxial adapter portion; a wire adapter portion for contacting the wire conductor which allows for a multiplicity of wire dimensions for either insulated or uninsulated wire, or a tri-axial wire adapter device enabling non-contacting coupling to a wire; and a longitudinal slot added to the flared cone, wire adapter, and coaxial adapter portions of the launch to allow direct placement of the launch onto existing lines, without requiring cutting or threading of those lines for installation.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic switch of a starter, a bobbin has two terminal holders on a flange. Each of the terminal holders defines a slot on its end surface and a terminal is press-fitted in the slot in an axial direction of the bobbin. An end of an excitation coil wound around the bobbin is pulled out the bobbin and connected to the terminal. A molded cover provides a through hole and is mounted on the terminal so that the terminal passes through the through hole. A sealing member is press-fitted on the terminal to air-tightly seal the through hole. A rod cover fitted on a rod supporting a movable contact has slits on its cylindrical part in the axial direction. The slits are closed before a distal end of the cylindrical part.

Abstract: A stator 10 has a pair of pole parts 11 extending inwardly in opposite directions. The pole parts 11 are wrapped with inductance coils 12. A rotor 14 is equipped with a pair of permanent magnets 13 that essentially face toward the pole parts 11. The permanent magnets 13 are magnetized radially, and are shifted angularly from positions in direct radial alignment with the pole parts 11. An excitation current is applied to the coils 12 to cause the rotor 14 to move through a specific angular range by a magnetic field induced in the pole parts 11 and magnetic fields of the permanent magnets 13. The radial misalignment between the pole parts 11 and the permanent magnets 13 improves the performance characteristics of the rotary solenoid.

Abstract: A permanent magnet structure includes a carrier, and plural permanent magnets positioned on at least one side of the carrier for realizing a flat arrangement of the permanent magnets on a surface of, e.g. a shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic component with inductive and capacitive properties with a core (2) carrying at least one pair of conducting electrodes (4,6), where said electrodes are wound round said core alternating along the length of said core providing inductivity to said component, and where a first electrode(4) and a second electrode (6) of said electrodes face each other on opposing surfaces of said core providing capacity to said component. To provide an electronic component with high inductivity and capacity said core is made of one material featuring a high dielectric constant and high permeability.

Abstract: A mounting for a circuit interrupter is provided that facilitates the easy removal and insertion of the circuit interrupter. The mounting includes upper and lower terminal and support arrangements that cooperate with upper and lower device mounting studs of a circuit interrupter. The device mounting studs also function as electrical circuit connection points to connect the circuit interrupter in an electrical circuit via respective upper and lower contact assemblies of the mounting. The upper and lower contact assemblies include resilient retention facilities for providing suitable electrical contact forces when engaged with the device mounting studs. The upper and lower terminal and support arrangements retain the circuit interrupter within the mounting and are selectively operable to release the circuit interrupter for removal from the mounting.

Abstract: A fuse component includes an electrically insulating substrate having a top surface, a thick film fuse element applied to the top surface and a cover layer. The cover layer is made of an electrically insulating material having good caloric conductivity. The cover layer can be directly applied to the thick film fuse element and the adjoining zones of the top surface of the substrate. The cover layer can contain a glass having a specific caloric conductivity of >2 W/mK. The cover layer can have a window disposed above a section of the fuse element, the section of the fuse element located within the window being at least partially covered by a solder containing layer.

Abstract: A temperature sensor having sturdy construction is simple to install and to package, is uncomplicated to manufacture, and suitable for reliably detecting rapid temperature changes. The temperature sensor (1) includes a silicon substrate (2) in which at least one porous area (3) is formed, the degree of porosity and the thickness of the porous area (3) being chosen so that the porous area (3) is thermally isolated from the silicon substrate (2). In addition, the temperature sensor (1) includes temperature measuring elements (6, 7) for detecting the temperature difference between the silicon substrate (2) and the porous area (3). The temperature sensor may also include heating elements for testing the sensor function.

Abstract: A touch panel apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal section, an illuminating section disposed at a rear side of the liquid crystal section for illuminating the liquid crystal section, and a frame section disposed on an outer periphery of the liquid crystal section; a transparent resistive membrane type of touch panel disposed at a front side of the liquid crystal display device; and a spacer member disposed between the frame section of the liquid crystal display device and a periphery of the touch panel for defining a clearance between the liquid crystal section of the liquid crystal display device and the touch panel. The spacer member covers an area from a front surface of the frame section of the liquid crystal display device to a periphery of a front surface of the liquid crystal section while maintaining the clearance between the liquid crystal section and the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A system for using a watermark embedded in an audio signal to remotely control a device. Various devices such as toys, computers, and appliances, equipped with an appropriate detector, detect the hidden signals, which can trigger an action, or change a state of the device. The watermarks can be used with a “time gate” device, where detection of the watermark opens a time interval within which a user is allowed to perform an action, such as pressing a button, typing in an answer, turning a key in a lock, etc. To prevent fraudulent activation of a time gate, the time gate device can be configured to react only to watermarks coming from live broadcasts, and not from replays from tapes or other storage devices. In another feature, robustness of the watermark is improved, e.g., for acoustic propagation channels, by shifting the detection time of the watermark based on a measured bit error count of the watermark.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that achieves a stable communication range and consumes less current of a radio circuit is provided. In a radio control of a wireless door opening and closing system, the current consumption is lowered by intermittent operation by a timer circuit, and a radio reaching range is stabilized by optimizing power that is supplied to a transmission circuit.

Abstract: A redundant network and communication protocol is disclosed having host computers, RF base stations and roaming terminals. In one embodiment, this network utilizes a polling communication protocol which, under heavy loaded conditions, requires that a roaming terminal wishing to initiate communication must first determine that the channel is truly clear by listing for an entire interpoll gap time. Thus, when a “hidden” terminal is communicating, the roaming terminal can conclude that such communication is taking place upon receiving a polling frame directed to that “hidden” terminal from the normally silent base station. In a further embodiment, a criterion used by the roaming terminals for attaching to a given base station reduces conflicts in the overlapping RF regions of adjacent base stations.

Abstract: A portable receiver for remotely warning one or several persons includes a receiver-buzzer that receives coded signals from a transmitter triggering the buzzer. The device, by virtue of its functions, is designed for remotely warning in case of need, emergency or danger, any person equipped with the portable receiver-buzzer.

Abstract: A pest deterrent device attracts the attention of a pest with ultrasonic noise and then produces a series of flashes to drive off the pest. In one embodiment, the device continuously produces ultrasound, changing the ultrasound when a pest is detected. In another embodiment, the device does not produce ultrasound until a pest is detected. In a further embodiment, the flash charging circuit is used to modulate the ultrasound while the flash is operated. In a particular embodiment, four ultrasonic speakers are arranged in a series-parallel configuration with a total capacitance of about 0.2 micro-Farads achieve 120 dB of sound output with a supply voltage of about 12-18 V.

Abstract: A smart label comprises a circuitry pattern on a smart label substrate and a structural part comprises an integrated circuit on a chip on a structural part substrate. The structural part is attached to the smart label substrate and/or the circuitry pattern. The circuitry pattern is electrically connected to the integrated circuit on the chip via at least one capacitor located outside the chip.

Abstract: Systems and methods that may be employed to visually locate and/or track objects equipped with active RFID tags. The disclosed systems and methods may employ an articulated camera/s, such as closed circuit television (“CCTV”) or other suitable type of articulated camera/s, that is equipped with an antenna array.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus comprises a main body operable in a first state and a second state, a power switch which is disposed in the main body and at least a part of which is made of a light transmissive member, a light emission unit disposed in the main body to emit a light of a first color or a second color through the light transmissive member, and a control unit for controlling the light emission unit to emit a light of the first color when an operation state of the main body is the first state, and to emit a light of the second color when the operation state of the main body is the second state.

Abstract: A passenger location system comprises a plurality of radio transceivers at predtermined locations in a passenger terminal facility. At least one transponder is associated in use with a passenger. The transponder is adapted to transmit a radio signal in response to receiving a signal from one or more of the transceivers. The transponder signal is capable of being received by more that one tranceiver. The passenger location means is adapted to determine the position of the transponder by determining the location of the one or more transceiver that have received the transponder signal.

Abstract: A system and method for setting up a control device to command the operations of an appliance. The system includes a power monitor that is associated with the appliance that includes circuitry for determining a current power state of the appliance. The control device has a library of command code sets and includes programming for transmitting to the appliance a command code from one of the command code sets and for receiving from the power monitor a signal which indicates that the transmitted command code caused a change in the current power state of the appliance. If such a signal is received, the programming functions to select the command code set which includes the command code to which the appliance responded by changing power states as the command code set for use in commanding the operations of the appliance.

Abstract: A method of collecting information includes retrieving a criterion for certifying software for use on a safety-critical system, receiving user input information associated to the criterion, determining if the input information satisfies criterion for certifying the software for use on the safety-critical system, and providing output information to the user where the output information is identifying if the criterion is satisfied.

Abstract: This electric mechanism comprises a keyboard (12) which includes a navigation key (15) showing on one side a surface for the user to depress and on the other side various contact points (21, 22, 23 and 24). To avoid various contacts being activated when this key is pressed, a configuration of ribs (30) is provided to separate said contact points and thus avoid multiple contacts. Application to cellular radiotelephones.

Abstract: A foldable keyboard having a plurality of folding keyboard sections. Each keyboard section includes a frame carrying a key set having a plurality of keys. The key set may be movable laterally relative to the frame. The frame with the key set is foldable with respect to an adjacent frame. The frame provides a self-contained enclosure for the keyboard assembly when fully closed. When opened, the keyboard assembly can be a full-size standard QWERTY keyboard.

Abstract: A position detector is provided for detecting the relative movement of first and second members which are mounted for relative movement along a measuring path. One of the members comprises a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field and the other member comprises first and second conductors which are inductively coupled to said magnetic field generator. The arrangement of the first and second conductors and the magnetic field generator is such that output signals are generated in a first and second receive circuits whose position varies with the relative movement between the two members. In addition to carrying information relating to the relative position between the two members, the signals induced in the receive circuits also comprise information defining the relative orientation of the two movable members, and by suitable processing of the received signals the relative orientation of the two members can also be determined.