Abstract: The present invention relates to encoding and decoding of information using materials that are mildly absorbing radiation over a wide range of infrared wavelengths and substantially non-absorbing in the visible wavelengths. Examples of such encoding of information are bar codes and area markings. Information is encoded in markings on a base medium by depositing or intertexturing on the base medium a material where the surface dimensions, thickness and presence of the material contain the encoded information. The encoding utilizes a lower cost, more stable material than a material that is highly absorbing over a range of infrared wavelengths and substantially non-absorbing in the visible wavelengths. However, since the material is mildly absorbing in the infrared range, the signal obtained by reflecting or transmitting infrared radiation from the markings will be less distinct. Thus, inventive methods are needed to ensure that the encoded information can be decoded.

Abstract: A memory card and apparatus used therewith. The memory card comprises a rectangular card body having terminals in the vicinity of one end and a storage device disposed in the card body for storing data. A switch on the card is operable to a state to prevent stored data from being erased; and a status signal representing the state of the switch is supplied to one or more of the terminals. The apparatus with which the card is used has mating terminals to receive the status signal. Depending upon the state of that status signal, the apparatus is selectively inhibited from writing data to the memory card or erasing data stored in the memory card.

Abstract: A system for customizing smart cards wherein data must be registered so as to be adapted to the use for which they are designed. Each customizing machine having several customizing stations is connected to a computer equipped with a multi-port card by a serial type computer connection of the multi-port card, which transmits cryptographic data of peripheral devices. The customizing data is supplied by a control device via a communication bus. The invention is applicable to microprocessor cards.

Abstract: The invention concerns a contactless smart card comprising an antenna (12) on an antenna support (10) made of fibrous material, this antenna consisting of a turn and two contacts (14 and 16) screen printed on the antenna support, a card body (32 and 34) on each side of the antenna support, and a chip (26) provided with contacts (28 and 30), connected to the antenna. This card also features a chip support (20) made of fibrous material having two conductive strips (22 and 24), screen printed on the chip support (20), and to which the contacts (28 and 30) of the chip (26) are connected, the chip support (20) being positioned on the antenna support (10) so that the conductive strips (22 and 24) come into contact with the contacts (14 and 16) of the antenna and connect with the latter, and in such a way that the chip (26) is positioned in a cavity (18), made for this purpose in the antenna support (10).

Abstract: An improved form of information distribution information distribution medium is disclosed comprising a card on which at least one surface thereof contains distributed information encoded as an array of dots printed on the surface in a fault tolerant manner. Preferably, the array of dots is grouped into a plurality of data segment blocks with each data segment block having a delineated border region for accurately spatially locating the dots. The delineated border region can include a series of periodically spaced markers, the periodicity being substantially twice the pitch of the array of dots. The delineated border region can further include at least one line of dots spaced adjacent to the periodically spaced markers. The periodically spaced markers can comprise substantially 2 or 3 adjacent printed dots. Applications and uses of such-a system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A programmable thermostat having a touch screen liquid crystal display in which the power consumption of each heating/cooling component and the energy costs in the locality are entered by a user in order that the thermostat's control program can, upon demand, calculate and display the heating/cooling costs accrued beginning with a user-specified starting date.

Abstract: A heating assembly for variably heating ambient air within a building. The heating assembly includes an elongated heating conduit. There may also be a plurality of heating assemblies 20 interconnected to each other to form a heating system for the building. If a heating system is employed, then the plurality of heating conduits will be interconnected to each other in such a manner as to define a common exhaust. A burner is connected to the inlet of the heating conduit. A fuel regulator is connected to the burner for providing fuel to the burner at a low fuel pressure, which defines a low heating temperature, and a high fuel pressure, which defines a high heating temperature. A vacuum device is connected to the exhaust of the heating conduit or conduits for pulling the air into the inlet and through the heating conduit to provide a negative pressure within the heating conduit during the heating of the air.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The fuel injector includes a housing, a valve seat, a metering orifice, and a needle. The housing has an inlet, an outlet, and a longitudinal axis extending therethrough. The valve seat is disposed proximate the outlet and includes a passage having a sealing surface and an orifice. The metering orifice is located at the outlet and has a plurality of metering openings extending therethrough. The needle is reciprocally located within the housing along the longitudinal axis between a first position wherein the needle is displaced from the valve seat, allowing fuel flow past the needle, and a second position wherein the needle is biased against the valve seat, precluding fuel flow past the needle. A generally annular channel is formed between the valve seat and the metering orifice. The channel tapers outwardly from a large height to a smaller height toward the orifice openings.

Abstract: A insect repellant assembly for repelling unwanted insects without increasing environmental hazards to humans. The insect repellant assembly includes an housing which elongate and substantially cylindrical, and a repellant mixture positioned within the housing and having an odor which is designed for repelling unwanted insects.

Abstract: A device for delivering a controlled dose of a fluid to an outlet from a fluid supply at an operating pressure which includes an actively operable check valve and pressure exerting means to selectively exert first and second pressures on the check valve. When one of the first and second pressures is exerted on the check valve, the valve prevents the passage of fluid at operating pressure through the outlet. When the other pressure is exerted on the check valve, the valve permits the passage of spray fluid at operating pressure. Signal generating means to generate a control signal characteristic of the fluid operating pressure, and control means derive at least one of the said first and second pressures from the control signal.

Abstract: A fire-fighting monitor for directing the flow of fluid from a mount includes a monitor housing having an inlet, which is adapted to receive the mount for receiving fluid from the mount, and an outlet in fluid communication with the inlet for discharging fluid from the housing. The monitor also includes a latch mechanism for releasably engaging the mount. The latch mechanism extends through the housing for releasably engaging the mount. The monitor also includes an indicator means for providing a positive indication of when the latch mechanism is fully engaged with the mount.

Abstract: A plug and wickholder is configured to be reliably sealed to the neck of a bottle which contains a liquid to be atomized and to a cap which seals the bottle during storage. The plug and wickholder includes a first generally tubular wall which contains a wick and which fits tightly into a cap sealing wall, and it further includes a generally cylindrical sealing wall which fits tightly into a bottle neck. A second generally vertical tubular wall is interposed between the first generally tubular wall and the generally cylindrical sealing wall.

Abstract: A hose reel having a casing and a wheel coupled to the casing for winding up a hose, a holder block mounted on the wheel, the holder block having a hose connector for receiving water from a water source through a hose, and a sprinkler carried on the holder block and adapted to sprinkle water received from the hose connector of the holder block on flowers, lawns, etc.

Abstract: A converter threaded to the sprout of a classical faucet made of metal to compromise the classical style of the faucet allows water be delivered either in gush or divergence; a separation cover being provided to separate the heat generated from hot water flowing through the converter to avoid burning the user; and a reducing design for the rotation point of the rotation connector to avoid hurting the user.

Abstract: This invention provides a liquid atomizing nozzle which utilizes a swirling flow of gas to form a liquid film in as uniform thickness as possible in a circumferential direction, and in which blockages are difficult to develop, and which can facilitate atomization by further reducing the size of the droplets which disperse from the front end. A liquid injected into an annular space 7 through liquid passages 14 formed in an outer cylinder 2 in an incline to the radial direction, flows within the annular space 7 having a component swirling in the circumferential direction. Air which flows into the annular space 7 through air passages 10 formed inclined in the same direction as the liquid passages in the outer cylinder 2, develops a swirling flow Ac within the annular space 7, acts upon the injected liquid to spread it onto an inner wall 5 of the outer cylinder 2, and further improving the uniformity of the thickness of the liquid film in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: A novel portable conversion washing device for, including but not limited to, a car washing, building washing and boat washing is comprised of; 1) a brush head equipped with a soap water tank; 2) a water pipe with a water nozzle; 3) and a controlling handle for soap water and fresh water openings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the valve lift of an injector, especially a fuel injector for mixture-compressing externally ignited internal combustion engines. The valve has a fuel intake, an energizable actuation device, which moves a valve needle having a valve closing component, a fixed valve seat formed on a valve seat element, with which the valve closing component interacts for opening and closing the valve, and a fuel outlet. Furthermore, the valve has a valve seat support provided with an internal longitudinal opening for accepting the valve needle. The valve needle executes a lift between a valve closing position and a valve opening position. The valve seat support is preformed having at least one radially-outward-protruding raised section. In order to change the lift of the valve needle, the raised section is plastically deformed in radial direction toward the longitudinal opening.

Abstract: A fuel injector, e.g., a fuel injector protruding directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, includes an energizable actuator, a valve-closure member able to be moved by the actuator, a secure valve seat, with which the valve-closure member cooperates to open and close the valve, a fuel outlet formed in a downstream spray-discharge region and by at least one outlet opening situated downstream from valve seat, and a dead volume formed downstream from valve seat and upstream from the spray-discharge region having at least one outlet opening. A surface of valve-closure member bordering the dead volume has a surface structure having at least several pores with a surface roughness of at least 25 &mgr;m for gas accumulation.

Abstract: An armature lift assembly for a fuel injector is disclosed. The assembly includes a body having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a longitudinal body channel extending therethrough and an armature/needle assembly which is reciprocably disposed in the body along the longitudinal body channel. The assembly further includes a first tube having an upstream end, a downstream end fixedly connected to the upstream end of the body, and a first tube channel. The assembly also includes a second tube located within the first tube channel and fixedly connected to the first tube. The second tube has an upstream end and a downstream end. The downstream end of the second tube is spaced a distance from the upstream end of the armature/needle assembly approximately equal to a lift distance of the armature/needle assembly. A method of setting armature/needle lift in a fuel injector is also disclosed.

Abstract: A twin discharge conveyor mounted on a spreader truck is shown including two parallel mounted conveying mechanisms such as augers, belt conveyors and chain conveyors contained within a conveyor trough that is mounted laterally on a truck chassis adjacent the front end of a frame mounted material storage container. The conveying mechanisms are independently controlled by separate hydraulic motors so that material can be discharged to the left and to the right of the truck simultaneously and in varying amounts.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of the acceleration of material with the aid of centrifugal force, with the aim of causing the accelerated grains or particles to collide at such a speed that they break. According to a known technique, the material can be introduced into the central chamber of a rotor and accelerated along guide elements, after which the material is propelled outwards in all directions. The invention provides a method and installation which makes it possible to propel the material outwards from the rotor along one or more streams, the flow regions which the material describes being essentially in a predetermined, fixed location. This makes it possible to allow the material to impinge essentially free from interference on one or more stationary impact elements which are arranged around the rotor. It is also possible to distribute or to spread the material from the rotor in one or more predetermined directions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for comminuting and drying material utilizing a closed-loop cyclonic system including a cyclonic comminution chamber, and further incorporating heated or dried air for desiccation of the material, as well as reducing the air pressure of the system to provide enhanced drying of the material. The present invention further contemplates to a cyclonic mill system configured to fiberize and dewater cellulose and other materials in a highly efficient and cost effective manner. The present system employs indirect heat drying and fiberizing for the continuous drying and processing of moist cellulose (i.e., bagasse, paper, etc) material by cyclonically agitating same in a hot air flow via a specially designed cyclonic mill, which is configured to effectively dewater and decimate wet cellulose material from a variety of sources for form fiberized cellulose material suitable for thermal insulation or other products.

Abstract: A combination module feeder and cleaner for feeding and cleaning modules of seed cotton for ginning that includes a casing having two vertical columns of a plurality of cylinders that rotate about a respective axis, each of the cylinders having spikes disposed along the perimeter thereof to receive the modules of seed cotton. The modules of seed cotton enter the casing, the two rows of spiked cylinders cooperate to break apart the modules, and spiked cylinders adjacent grids wipe the seed cotton along spaced slots to remove trash and other objects from the seed cotton.

Abstract: An improved grinding apparatus or hammermill utilizing retractable bars as a hammermill screen, or as a support to a conventional hammermill screen. The ability to retract these bars which make up the screen of the hammermill assembly reduces the down time associated with inspecting, replacing, and repairing the bars, and clearing jammed material caught within the screen. When the retractable bars support a hammermill screen, retraction of the bars allows the screen to drop down from the hammermill for repair and cleaning.

Abstract: A container for blender includes a cup and a stainless steel hollow cylindrical member. The cylindrical member has an L-shaped upper rim and an annular bottom having an L-shaped inner edge. The cylindrical member is integrally fitted in a lower part of the cup when the latter is injection-molded with the L-shaped upper rim and the L-shaped inner edge of the annular bottom imbedded in peripheral wall and bottom wall of the cup, respectively. The cylindrical member protects the cup against direct contacting with and colliding by rigid materials being crushed in the cup, and accordingly eliminates tiny chips of the cup that would otherwise be produced due to such colliding.

Abstract: A bobbin creel is supported on a holder so as to be pivotable by a four-bar linkage arranged on the machine frame of a textile machine. The holder forms the stationary member of the four-bar linkage. The bobbin creel is pivotable from a lower loading position into an upper operating position by a pneumatic cylinder connected with one end on the holder and with the other end to one of the movable four-bar linkage members. For pivoting the bobbin creel from the upper operating position into the lower loading position, the pneumatic cylinder is a bidirectional pneumatic cylinder loadable at both ends with compressed air and a correlated actuating valve.

Abstract: A spinning reel rotor is rotatably mounted on a reel unit of a spinning reel for winding a fishing line onto a spool. The rotor includes a rotor unit, a bail arm, and an inertia-imparting ring. The rotor unit has a cylindrical portion that is rotatably mounted on the reel unit, and first and second rotor arms that extend forward from the rear edge of the cylindrical portion. The bail arm is pivotably mounted on the front tips of both arms, and guides the fishing line onto the spool. The inertia-imparting member is a member for providing inertia and is detachably mounted on the rotor unit. The rotor is designed to be lightweight, and can be utilized in both situations where the rotational feel is a priority, and where powering efficiency is a priority.

Abstract: An expanding mandrel is useable for rotatably mounting a strip of material that is wound around a sleeve or core. The expanding mandrel includes an ejecting device that is useable to strip the sleeve or core from the mandrel. The ejecting device includes at least a first part, which is rotatable about an axis together with the sleeve or core, and a non-rotatably mounted second part. The first part can strip the sleeve or core from the mandrel by actuation of the second part. That second part is a piston which can be driven by a fluid under pressure.

Abstract: A web winding method for wrapping a web comprising steps of: feeding the web having a thickness of 5 to 70 &mgr;m at a speed of 200 to 1000 m/min; wrapping the web around a contact roller of which a coefficient of friction at each axial end surface is lower than that at an axial center surface at a wrap angle of 45 to 180°; pressing the web against an outer peripheral surface of a web roll by the contact roller; and taking up the web in a rolled manner. Then, the web winding method can conspicuously prevent occurrence of flaws or wrinkles in a web without involvement of a drop in productivity.

Abstract: A spool system for packing tape on a hub. The spool has upper and lower flanges on the hub, and a flexure positioned on the hub between the two flanges. The flexure is normally parallel to the flanges, but when a force is applied to the tape lead-in edge of the flexure, that edge of the flexure is pressed toward one of the flanges. This causes the tape lead-in side of the spool system to have a wider opening than the tape packing side of the spool system. The width of the space on the tape packing side is preferably equal to or narrower than the width of the tape to be packed, so that the flexure presses against the edge of tape as it loads, reducing stagger of the tape.

Abstract: A heavy roll dispenser is designed to attach to a tractor via a three-point hitch. The base of the dispenser rides above the earth and supports a chassis, which can move left and right via a hydraulic actuator. The chassis has a pair of powered cradle rollers to receive a heavy roll and dispense the heavy roll with the powered cradle rollers. A guide roller is mounted on the chassis behind the cradle rollers. A pair of powered adjustable width pincer arms stabilizes the heavy roll atop the cradle rollers.

Abstract: A removable and replaceable lid for use in dispensing sheets such as wet wipes from a container, a dispenser incorporating the lid, and methods of using the lid and dispenser are provided. An intermediate member is hingedly connected to a base member and a top cover member to form a three-part lid. The base member includes an opening and is removably mountable on a container. The intermediate member includes a recessed portion with a slit or webbing, and is engaged with the base member to cover the opening. The top cover member is engaged with the intermediate member to cover the slit. The opening in the base member is sized to permit access to manually withdraw an initial or starter sheet from the roll of sheets disposed within the container so that the sheet can be pushed through the slit in the intermediate member without having to remove the lid from the container.

Abstract: A toilet paper dispenser is disclosed which contains a spool that extends at a right angle from a mounting plate secured to a surface. The mounting plate may, optionally, be mounted to a wall surface or may be recessed. The spool receives a roll of toilet paper thereon, and has an end cap that is removably coupled to an end of the spool, after placement of the toilet paper roll on the spool to prevent the roll from coming off of the spool. The toilet paper dispenser includes a top cover positioned so as to conceal a top portion of the toilet paper roll when the mounting plate is mounted on a wall surface. When a drywall type surface is used, a butterfly type anchor permits attachment of the mounting plate to the drywall type surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an angle-bar arrangement for deflecting material webs on an angle-bar jacket (1) which is provided with a plurality of air outlet openings (2). Closing elements (6), which seal off respective air outlet openings (2), are movably accommodated in the angle-bar jacket (1). Compressed air enters into the hollow space bounded by the movably accommodated closing elements (6). The movable closing elements (6), whose outer contour (7) corresponds to the inner wall (3) of the angle-bar jacket (1), are driven independently of one another by actuators (18, 20).

Abstract: A pusher canard aircraft convertible for road use. Canard outer sections are removable and are stored within the aircraft fuselage and the outer main wing sections rotate horizontally for storage on the fuselage top. The fuselage is designed as a lifting body which gives the aircraft three lifting surfaces. The lifting body takes advantage of ground effect, resulting in a lower landing speed. In road mode the vehicle as a 2 or 4 passenger model is smaller than a full size automobile. Hydraulic motor wheels propel the aircraft/vehicle for road use. An internal combustion engine within the fuselage drives the propeller for air operation. The propeller is disengaged, not removed, for land operation and the engine is used to drive an hydraulic pump to power the motor wheels for road use. A single nose wheel or two front wheels are used for both steering in landing/taxiing and for road use. In road mode, the appearance is as much like a van than as an aircraft.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aircraft landing gear having a retractable leg, in which the leg comprises a strut with a telescopic rod, the strut being hinged to a structure of the aircraft in order to pivot between a gear-up position and a gear-down position, said strut also being connected to the structure of the aircraft via hinged brace elements. According to an essential aspect of the invention, the landing gear includes an independent low-noise fairing system that serves, when the leg is in the gear-down position, to cover the front of at least a portion of the hinge between the brace elements, said low-noise fairing system comprising a hinged fairing of two complementary portions connected to each other via a hinge whose axis is parallel to the axis of the corresponding hinge portion of said brace elements.

Abstract: In a wing of an airplane, a front spar having a C-shape in section includes a web, flanges, and a reinforcing partition wall. An intermediate spar having an I-shape in section includes a web, flanges, and a reinforcing partition wall. Ribs can be positioned in a span direction by coupling front and rear portions of the ribs to the reinforcing partition wall of the front spar and the reinforcing partition wall of the intermediate spar, without the provision of an assembling jig having a positioning function and without the use of a special positioning member. In addition, the ribs can be positioned in a cord direction by bringing rear ends of the ribs into abutment against a front surface of the web of the intermediate spar. Thus, it is possible to assemble the wing of the airplane using an inexpensive assembling jig having no rib-positioning function.

Abstract: An aircraft window assembly with a readily attachable window assembly for efficient and easy installation and maintenance of aircraft windows. The aircraft has a sidewall having an inner perimeter that defines an opening. An inner window frame is readily attachable to the sidewall adjacent to the inner perimeter. The inner window frame defines a first opening. An outer window frame is readily attachable to the inner window frame adjacent the first opening and the outer window frame defines a second opening. The outer window frame and the inner window frame are releasably coupled within the first opening of the inner window frame. The snap-in window assembly is readily detachable from the sidewall adjacent to the inner perimeter.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an emergency opening control device for an aircraft door comprising: at least one triggering mechanism (10) for emergency opening, at least one door actuator (8), and means of power supply (14, 16) to the actuator driven by the triggering mechanism. The device also comprises means (20) for modification of the output delivered by the means of power supply to the actuator, to allow the door to be opened more slowly in an initial phase of opening and more rapidly in at least one subsequent opening phase.

Abstract: The invention is a method for engaging the drogue of a hose and drogue refueling system with the probe of a receiver aircraft for aerial refueling from a tanker aircraft. The tanker aircraft and receiver aircraft approximately match speed and direction, with the probe of the receiver aircraft maintained at approximately a first predetermined distance behind the tanker aircraft. The hose and drogue are extended rearward from the tanker aircraft so that the drogue is positioned at a second predetermined distance (shorter than the first predetermined distance) behind the tanker aircraft. The drogue and probe are orthogonally aligned with each other, and the hose is extended back beyond the second predetermined distance so that the drogue moves away from the tanker aircraft to and into engagement with the probe. The force of the air stream on the drogue is sufficient to provide for secure engagement of the drogue with the probe.

Abstract: An inflatable boom for space applications, and a methods of folding and deploying a boom are disclosed. The boom comprises a membrane having a substantially tapered cylindrical shape. A wide end of the membrane is attached to a base, and a narrow end of the membrane is attached to a mandrel. The method of folding a boom comprises forming a plurality of ring-shaped folds in the boom membrane. The method of deploying a boom comprises increasing a gas pressure inside the boom and repeatedly unfolding the outer-most ring fold increase the length of the boom.

Abstract: An airfoil member (14) is provided including a geometric morphing device (18). The geometric morphing device (18) has an inflatable member (30). The inflatable member (30) has an exterior wall (32) and multiple inflated states. Multiple layers are coupled to at least a portion of the exterior wall (32) and control size, shape, and expansion ability of the geometric morphing device (18). The geometric morphing device (18) is adjustable in size and shape by changing inflated state of the inflatable member (30). An airfoil member altering system (12) and a method of performing the same are also provided as well as a method of forming the geometric morphing device (18).

Abstract: Truck hunting determination involves taking samples of side to side acceleration in a vehicle, evaluating the samples by comparing the samples, and determining the degree of truck hunting on the basis of the comparison.

Abstract: Concrete railroad ties are made having steel plates cast directly into the concrete railroad tie so that the top surface of each steel plate is even with the top surface of the concrete railroad tie. Fasteners for the rails can be welded to anywhere within the steel plate. Additionally, each steel plate can be cast into one of two different positions of the concrete railroad tie thus, creating more flexibility as to the positions of the rail fasteners on the railroad tie and reducing the length of the steel plate needed by half to three inches. By utilizing this assembly, the amount of concrete the patterns needed in a turnout is reduced.

Abstract: A combination carrying strap and support stand for a golf bag is used both for carrying the bag around a golf course, or as a stand for the bag when not being carried. The combination, having an open end and a closed end, utilizes a flexible strap section, attached to a pair of linear supports, the section capable of flexing in one direction only. The flexible strap section is made up of a series of identical link elements, a flexible bottom band, to which each link element bottom is contiguously affixed, and a flexible upper band, to which each link element is slideably attached. The upper band attaches to and activates a pair of support legs, attached to the flexible strap section at it lower end, which allows the bag to stand independently. A lower linear support which rotatably attaches to the golf bag allows the strap/stand to remain in either storage mode or operational mode.

Abstract: A computer armrest includes an elbow supporter, a mouse pad and a connect arm. The elbow supporter and the mouse pad are movably connected with the connect arm so as to freely turn with the position of the elbow or the palm. The elbow supporter can be adjusted more than 90 degrees by means of the connect arm and also bent downward to be collapsed under a computer table not to lake any space on the table in case of not using.

Abstract: The RV sewage line stabilizing device is used to secure an elbow fitting, affixed to the end of an RV sewer hose, in place in a sewer receptacle. A bottom plate has a U-shaped collar formed in one end, and an open, three-sided box formed on the other end. The RV sewage line stabilizing device lays generally flat in close proximity to the ground, with the U-shaped collar fitting around the vertically extending portion of the elbow fitting. The U-shaped collar may rest on top of a flange formed around the elbow fitting, or a retaining strap may be secured over the horizontally extending portion of the elbow fitting to hold the elbow fitting down and in place. The open, three-sided box holds a brick, or other weights, in place to provide weight to secure and stabilize the elbow fitting, keeping the sewer hose in place.

Abstract: A telescoping form for forming a void in poured concrete is disclosed. The form has an upper section defined by a plurality of sides, the upper section of plastic composition, and a lower section capable of telescoping into the upper section, the lower section of plastic composition. The telescoping form may be permanent. The telescoping form may have a lid removably mounted to the upper section of the form.

Abstract: A pneumatic valve includes a cylinder having at least one gas port for providing inflow and outflow of a gas; a piston arranged in the cylinder and performing a reciprocating, straight-line movement in response to the inflow and outflow of the gas; a first valve shaft passing through the piston and having a first end portion including a first coupling portion; and a second valve shaft including a second coupling portion and having a first end portion protruding from the cylinder, wherein the second coupling portion is coupled to the first coupling portion.

Abstract: A valve for controlling the rate of fluid flow therethrough by rotating a rotor about a spindle having an inlet bore in communication with an eccentrically oriented o-ring set into an eccentrically oriented slot formed in the rotor. The perimeter of the eccentric slot is modified to provide customized unique fluid flow response curves.