Abstract: A truck for shredding and mixing products for zootechnical use, of the type that comprises, on a chassis (11) with wheels (12) that is self-propelled or towed, a container (13) that is substantially shaped like an inverted frustum, is open in an upper region and contains shredding and mixing means (14) which comprise at least two adjacent rotating main screw feeders (15, 16), each having an external profile (17) that lies on a substantially conical imaginary surface and at which shredding cutters are mounted. Contrast cutters (20) substantially shaped like circular sectors are hinged to the internal wall of the container (13) by means of their respective vertices in a vertical arrangement in substantially radial positions and can be inserted and removed through appropriately provided slots. Auxiliary screw feeders (18, 19), suitable to avoid the formation of stagnation regions, are arranged between the main screw feeders (15, 16), in the regions adjacent to the walls of the container (13).

Abstract: A processor for reducing solids from a predefined input size to a predefined output size is provided. The processor includes a base, an enclosed cylinder, a pair of rotor assemblies (each driven by its own motor) having a plurality of disk sets, the disk sets having a plurality of hammers thereon. As the rotor assemblies spin, the hammers cause the solids to be reduced. The processor further includes two inlet ports for receiving solid material, and an outlet or discharge port for exiting the reduced solid material. Additionally, the processor includes legs for varying the incline of the inlet ports with respect to the outlet port, vanes to create lift on the inlet port side of the cylinder, flow restrictor plates to restrict solids flow within the cylinder, and baffle plates to prevent material build up within the cylinder.

Abstract: A hammer and hammer tip combination is provided for use with a size reducing machine, and comprises a hammer body having a nose extending up to and defining a lower edge of a debris path; a protective pocket located behind the nose relative to the debris path; and a hammer tip releaseably secured to the hammer body and located behind the protective pocket relative to the debris path.

Abstract: A yarn unwinding device is disclosed that consist of a base having a central raised portion there that has an upstanding central rod embedded therein. A hollow crochet spindle is rotatably received over the upstanding rod. The crochet needle has a pointed top and has a circular flange located at the bottom. In addition, there is a wider circular washer received over the needle and rests on the bottom flange. A skein of wound yarn is received over the top of the needle and rests on the circular washer at the bottom of the needle. The yarn is withdrawn laterally from the skein with only a limited resistance while unwinding during the process of knitting, embroidering or crocheting.

Abstract: A subambient pressure feature for assisting in guidance of storage tape within a tape transport system such as a data storage tape cartridge and/or a tape drive. The storage tape is extended between two tape reels along a tape path defined, in part, by a tape guide. The tape guide includes a curved tape-receiving surface defined by an entrance side and an exit side. The subambient pressure feature is located along the tape path and is adapted to induce frictional engagement between the tape and at least a portion of the tape-receiving surface at speeds of not less than 1 meter/second to suppress lateral tape motion.

Abstract: A tape guide for limiting lateral tape movement within a tape transport system component, such as a data storage tape cartridge. The storage tape, having a tape width, extends between two tape reels along a tape path defined, at least in part, by the tape guide. The tape guide includes a tape contact face, a top flange and a one bottom flange. The tape guide is configured to define an effective tape path width between the top and bottom flanges that is less than the tape width. During use, the tape guide biases the tape path to minimize lateral motion of the storage tape.

Abstract: A single reel data storage tape cartridge is described that includes a housing having a tape access window. A single tape reel assembly is rotatably disposed within the housing and includes a hub about which a storage tape is wrapped. A tape guide is disposed within the housing adjacent the single tape reel assembly, opposite the tape access window, and is configured to define a pathway of the storage tape from the single tape reel assembly to the tape access window and limit lateral motion of the storage tape.

Abstract: A tape guide for use in a tape transport system, such as a data storage tape cartridge or a tape drive. The storage tape extends from the tape reel along a tape path that includes the tape guide. In this regard, the tape guide includes a tape contact face and at least one guide flange. Extension of the guide flange relative to the tape contact face defines an angle of not less than 90°. With this configuration, an edge of the storage tape is directed to move along the guide flange with lateral tape movement so as to minimize the opportunity for micro-buckling. In one preferred embodiment, a portion of the guide flange is curved.

Abstract: The present magnetic tape cartridge having a data storage medium connected to an integral cleaning tape section is designed to accommodate the length of cleaning tape in a manner that is compatible with existing tape drive systems. In particular, the hub on the supply reel in the single reel magnetic tape cartridge is dimensioned to accept the length of cleaning tape such that the radial position of the End Of Tape hole in the magnetic tape media occurs in the same position as that of existing single reel magnetic tape cartridges that are not equipped with the length of cleaning tape appended to the magnetic tape media. This enables the cleaning tape equipped magnetic tape cartridge to be compatible with existing tape drive systems.

Abstract: The tape cartridge leader includes a smoothing feature that comprises a blind cut out formed in a surface of the tape cartridge leader that faces the hub of the take-up reel when the tape cartridge leader is wound on the hub to compensate for the irregularity generated by the buckling mechanism. The blind cut out consists of a shallow, smooth depression that is positioned to overlay the buckling mechanism. The geometry and size of the blind cut out can be selected from a wide variety of options, with all of these variations having the advantage of providing increased tensile strength for the tape cartridge leader over tape cartridge leaders that use smoothing apertures, since there is no hole formed in the tape cartridge leader.

Abstract: A drive device to which a recording tape cartridge is loaded, and which can record information in a recording tape and playback information recorded in the recording tape, the drive device includes: a rotating shaft having a drive gear which meshes with the reel gear of the cartridge and rotates the reel of the cartridge; an operating member which pushes up the brake member of the cartridge to the reel rotation permitted position; and an adjusting mechanism which adjusts a projecting height of the operating member.

Abstract: A reel assembly for storing a hose, an electrical cord, or other items. The reel assembly includes a base, a spool rotatably mounted to the base, and a guide arm adjustably mounted to the base for guiding the direction in which a hose, for example, is extended from the reel and for guiding the hose onto the reel as the hose is wound upon the reel. A spring is operably connected between the spool and the base to bias the spool in a rotational direction in which the hose is wound onto the spool, thereby automatically retracting the hose after use. A pawl mechanism is mounted to the guide arm, and cooperates with a pair of ratchet teeth sets on the spool to selectively lock the spool against rotation in a hose-winding direction, thereby maintaining the hose in a desired extended position for use. The relative orientation of the ratchet teeth sets and the pawl mechanism, which is mounted to the guide arm, prevents “latch-out” when the hose is disposed in its fully extended position.

Abstract: A hose cart combining the features of an off-set handle, to permit any easier retrieval of paid out hose, a hose tracker, to permit hose to be neatly wound onto a reel, and a storage system comprising a protective housing, to provide storage and protection for a hose kept within, is provided. The invention includes the use of a crank to turn a reel which causes paid out hose to be drawn into the protective box onto a reel. The use of a plurality of gears permits the crank to be offset from the center of the reel, such that it is elevated to a more convenient cranking position. Further, the use of gears permits the same movement of the crank, which causes hose to be collected, causes a hose guide to move laterally, along the axis of the reel, such that hose is neatly layered onto the reel.

Abstract: Provided is a transfer device capable of maintaining a constant tension of band-shaped ribbon from the start till the end of operation requiring no action by a user. While band-shaped ribbon (F) is being supplied, a feed shaft unit (4) and a feed drive gear (3) rotate. In accordance with their rotations, a movable plate (6) screw-retreats so that the interval between the movable plate (6) and the surface of the feed drive gear (3) is increased in the axial direction. Consequently, the force of a coil spring (5) is reduced and the braking force (a force to press the surface of the feed drive gear (3) to stop its rotation) is gradually decreased.

Abstract: Thread-guiding device for apparatus for winding a thread onto a support rotatable by associated actuating means, at least one element for receiving and guiding the thread to be wound, the element for receiving and guiding the thread to be wound being integral with a thread guiding device of the magnetic/electromagnetic.

Abstract: A device for continuous winding of webs on winding shafts onto winding rollers consisting of arms supporting the winding shaft, a pressure roller that can be engaged on the winding shaft or winding core, a knife separating the web during the roller change, and of a charging electrode supplying the web start with an electrostatic charge, which attaches the web start, newly formed by the web cut, on the winding shaft. In order to always maintain the correct equal distance to the web supplied with the charge, the same is tracked in such a manner that the distance of the charging electrode to the web remains constant regardless of the diameter of the winding shaft.

Abstract: A device for winding and/or unwinding a film at a constant speed includes a reel comprising two coaxial annular support areas, having the same diameter, which are separated by a concavity and which are spaced out from one another by a distance that is slightly smaller than the width of the film. The two support areas pivot freely. Guide means guide the film laterally in order to wind the film on the reel such that the lateral edges thereof rest on the two support areas of the reel respectively. Two parallel drive belts are supported respectively on said edges, along the length of an arc of circle with a predetermined angle at the center. The invention applied to a film in an optoelectronic apparatus, such as a scanning and analysis device.

Abstract: A continuous web (W) is reeled up on a center-drive assisted reeling core (C2, C3) to form a machine reel (R), and the reeling core (C2, C3) moves when the center drive (PD, SD) is coupled to the end of the reeling core. The rotating movement and torque necessary in the center drive (PD, SD) are transmitted from a stationary drive motor (PM, SM) to the end of the reeling core (C2, C3) by a power transmission (T) equipped with one or more joints, wherein the need to move the drive motor (PM, SM) along with the movement of the reeling core (C2, C3) is avoided. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the power transmission (T) is implemented by a belt drive, wherein by selecting the belt transmission in a suitable manner, it is also possible to avoid the need to use a separate gear system.

Abstract: Apparatus for winding a material web includes one of a spool and a reel. A carrier drum forms a winding nip with the spool or the reel. The material web is guided over the carrier drum. Primary arms guide the spool or the reel when the spool or the reel is in a primary winding phase. Pressing levers are arranged on the primary arms. The pressing levers are structured and arranged to press the spool or the reel onto the carrier drum. Secondary arms are structured and arranged to press the spool or the reel onto the carrier drum when the spool or the reel is in a secondary winding phase. The carrier drum is mounted axially between the primary arms. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A textile tube on which yarn is wound to form a pack comprises a body having a tubular body extending between opposed ends and an outer surface. At least one recessed score is defined proximate at least one end of the tube body. The recessed score has a substantially rectangular shape wherein the width of the recessed score is at least about five times the depth of the recessed score. As such, the recessed score provides more surface area for capturing yarn during a winding procedure. The recessed score also retains a substantially constant shape regardless of the moisture content of the tube, which is particularly advantageous when the tube body is formed of paperboard or other hygroscopic material. Methods of reconditioning the surface of the recessed score in order to improve the tube lifespan are also provided.

Abstract: In the stepped cylindrical wall (3) for the reserve turns there are provided three slots (5), extending circumferentially and each having a plurality of appendages (7, 7, 9) that project with a profile leading into the slot from the opposite sides of the slot and are staggered with respect to each other, so that as the yarn F penetrates into the slot (5) it is derived in a wavy configuration by the appendages (7, 7, 9); thus an effect of retaining the reserve turns of yarn is achieved.

Abstract: The subject method and apparatus for unspooling cable provides a spool cradle with a substantially rectangular shape formed by parallel spaced side walls and parallel spaced end walls. Roller assemblies are mounted on opposite end walls of the cradle and, preferably, one roller assembly is adjustable with respect to relative spacing between roller assemblies to accommodate spools of different sizes. A support frame assembly receives a plurality of spool cradles when the job requires multiple cables.

Abstract: A detection-grid is disclosed that is part of a vehicle's thermal protection layer, such as that of a space shuttle. A hybrid digital/analog system detects electrical changes in the detection grid caused by mechanical trauma to a vehicle's external surface. The system produces timely and useful display of such events. Furthermore, with redundant verification of such real-time data, the vehicle can detach from other apparatus, such as an external fuel tank or booster rockets, to execute pre-planned glide or descent scenarios maximizing a crew's and vehicle's safe return before proceeding to orbit. The detection-grid ablates off during re-entry of a regular mission.

Abstract: A nacelle (55) for a gas turbine engine (10), the engine (10) comprising accessories (34) mounted to a fan casing (28) and a core engine (9), the nacelle (55) substantially surrounds the engine (10) and comprises an intake (12) and a thrust reverser unit (31). The thrust reverser unit (31) is formed by two generally C-shaped portions (31a, 31b). The thrust reverser unit (31) is openable to provide access to the accessories (34) and the core engine (9). The nacelle (55) further comprises a fan containment casing (33) that is integral with the intake (12).

Abstract: The invention provides an actuator for a control surface (7), in particular for a primary flight control of an aircraft, the actuator including a main actuator (3) in a main control line (1) for actuating the control surface (7), the actuator being characterized in that the actuator of the main control line (1) comprises a motor of the vibration motor type, and in that it further comprises, in a compensation, secondary control line (2), a compensation actuator (4) and spring-forming means (5) interposed between the compensation actuator (4) and the control surface (7), said compensation actuator (4) tensioning or compressing the spring-forming means so as to make them suitable for delivering a mean force to the control surface (7) so as to off-load from the main actuator (3) the mean force that it needs to deliver to the flight control (7).

Abstract: A method for enhancing the efficiency of freighting dangerous goods, the method comprising utilization of wing-in-ground craft (WIG) equipped pursuant to the international maritime dangerous goods code regulating the movement of these types of material.

Abstract: An injection molded windshield is provided for a vehicle. The injection molded acrylic or polycarbonate windshield enables vehicle shape design flexibility while achieving lower aerodynamic drag. The injection molded windshields offer additional benefits for the crew by increasing visibility area with larger windshields while reducing aero noise. The vehicle includes a body and an injection molded window attached to the body. The injection molded windshield is shaped to conform to the fuselage. The injection molded windshield is formed of at least one of an injection molded acrylic or polycarbonate material. The injection molded windshield is impact and ballistic tolerant.

Abstract: A compressor for use in an airplane fuel tank air purge system utilizes a low solidity diffuser. A low solidity diffuser is useful for providing air to an air separation module associated with the air purge system. In particular, a diffuser for such a compressor must be able to provide increased pressure ratios over a relatively great range of flow volumes. The low solidity diffuser of this invention is capable of providing increased pressure ratios over a relatively great range of flow volumes when compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A hot air balloon vent for use with a thermal aircraft or hot air balloon is provided. An aperture associated with the aircraft or balloon is generally adapted to be closed by the vent which includes an operculum of a flexible material that is substantially of parachute form. A control mechanism is provided to effect closure of the aperture by extending the operculum laterally or radially. When so moved, the operculum may be extended to its maximum surface area, at which point it covers and seals the aperture. The control mechanism generally includes conjoined contiguous vent control elements that permit the outer perimeter of the operculum to be pulled away from the perimeter edge of the aperture to variably open the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for optimizing the dynamics and energy usage of long vehicles such as freight trains by determining their operating conditions and calculating an optimal sequence of power and braking control actions. The sequence calculated provides for optimal vehicle dynamic behaviour with minimum energy usage in accordance with the train type, track topography and train operation rules and policies. The method and system serves as a management tool for the driver and reference signals for a train cruise control or autopilot system.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting electrical energy to a signal suitable for driving a light element in an End of Train device in a model train track arrangement. The apparatus includes an EOT device engageable with a model railway vehicle that can be easily installed and removed for relocation between model railway vehicles. A control system for such EOT device. At least a portion of an electronic circuit is disposed at least one of on a truck of such model railway vehicle and a body portion of the EOT device for power conversion and light signal timing and at least one light element is disposed at least one of in and on such EOT device and connected to receive a signal from the electronic circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable remote control device adapted for transmitting command signals to a locomotive control device located onboard a locomotive. The command signals are indicative of a command to be executed by the locomotive. The portable remote control device is adapted for transmitting the command signals over either a remote communication link or a proximity communication link at least in part on the basis of a link selection signal received by the remote control device, wherein the link selection signal is indicative of the proximity of the portable remote control device to the locomotive. The remote communication link and the proximity communication link are distinguishable based on their range of communication. More specifically, the remote communication link permits the remote control device and the locomotive control device to communicate over a greater distance than the proximity communication link.

Abstract: A system for supporting an elongate object along a structure includes a first clip having a first base section and a first operating section and a second clip having a second base section and a second operating section. Means is providing for attaching to the structure the first base section of the first clip and the second base section of the second clip in a spaced relationship. A cord is coupled to the first operating section of the first clip and the second operating section of the second clip. The first and second operating sections are removably attached to the first base section and the second base section respectively. The cord is adapted to support the elongate object along the structure. An associated method includes the step of removably attaching the first operating section to the first base section and the second operation section to the second base section to removably support the cord and the object along the structure.

Abstract: A one-piece hanger is formed with a pair of spaced segments or legs joined by an end wall. Each segment has a recess formed in an edge which is open towards the recess on an edge of the opposite segment. The two recesses are aligned so as to create a substantially full opening to receive a pipe. The hanger may be positioned on a pipe with the segments extending substantially parallel to the pipe axis, and the hanger can then be rotated about 90° so that the pipe extends through the substantially full opening formed by the recesses. The hanger end is formed with mounting holes.

Abstract: A vibration damping clip of rigid material in which a softer lining is formed on the holding part of the clip including through an aperture in the holding part so that the lining is physically locked thereto. A similar lock is provided at an entrance or lead-in to the substantially annular holding portion of the clip.

Abstract: A kneeler including a base plate having a lower surface with upwardly sloping side and rear edges permitting the kneeler to be rocked on a work surface to free such if stuck. A nose plate is joined at a shallow angle to, and extends upwardly from, the base plate remote from the side and rear edges.

Abstract: A one-piece stand comprised of a rectangular base platform and an inclined backrest with a lip or flange adapted to hold and face a single “Personal” tube type sound pre-amplification (pre-amp) unit, similarly sized sound modification unit (approx' 5½″×5½″×1½″), or the like at an approximate 45 degree angle towards the user to provide for increased visibility and easier control access, formed of materials having sufficient rigidity to retain the intended shape and withstand the weight of the intended sound modification units.

Abstract: A toothbrush holder assembly and method includes a hinged container housing with two hinged halves that cooperate between open and closed conditions. In the open condition, the hinged halves of the container housing are swung open to allow a toothbrush head to be inserted into or removed from the housing. In the closed condition, the housing is adapted to store the toothbrush with the toothbrush head enclosed between the opposing hinged halves and with the neck of the toothbrush extending out from the housing through an opening. The housing is secured to a base that is also coupled to two separated suction cups. The assembly is particularly adapted for vertical storage of a toothbrush when oriented with the suction cups vertically spaced such that the container housing halves open and close horizontally.

Abstract: A mounting bracket for affixing a banner to a side panel of a truck body, the truck body having a top panel, a side panel, and a top rail extending along a side of the top panel and a top of the side panel and joining the top and side panels. The mounting bracket includes the top rail having a first attachment member projecting outwardly therefrom and a mounting channel having a second attachment member projecting therefrom. The mounting channel has a channel for receiving a keder bead affixed to a top edge of the banner. The second attachment member of the mounting channel mates with the first attachment member of the top rail. The first and second attachment members are illustratively opposed dovetails that mate together.

Abstract: The clamp device of the invention comprises at least one clamp mounted on a support means and capable of rotation thereon. The clamp is constituted by a pair of clamping arms hingedly connected at one end to allow pivoting of said arms between open and closed positions, and each arm is shaped and/or adapted at its other end to exert clamping pressure in the closed position of the clamp. An actuating mechanism is provided on the said support means which, on rotation thereof, is capable, in one direction of rotation, of opening the clamp by causing the clamping arms to move away from one another at said other end thereof, and, in the opposite direction of rotation, of closing the clamp by causing said other ends to approach one another and to exert clamping pressure.

Abstract: An articulated arm (1) according to the invention, for the alignment of a capturing means (2) for optically capturing an object to be placed on a support surface (3), has—as a conventional double parallelogram arm—a base part (4), a top part (7), an articulated part (10) and two pairs of rods (5, 6, 8, 9) which connect the base part (4) or the top part (7) to the articulated part (10). In contrast to the prior art, an articulated arm (1) according to the invention furthermore has a shaft (11) which is rotatably fastened to the top part (7) and has an operative mechanical connection to one of the rods (9) pivotably fastened to the top part (7). This operative connection results in a rotation of the shaft (11) relative to the top part (7) on pivoting of the rod (9).

Abstract: An articulating arm is infinitely adjustable within a pre-determined range. A pivot arm has arcuate surfaces extending therefrom with a brake pivotally mounted to intersect a path of rotation of the arcuate surfaces. Two heat treated shoes provide the arcuate surfaces. The brake is a plate that is controlled to lock or unlock the pivot member relative to a bracket to which the pivot member is pivotally connected. A support is pivotally connected to the pivot member at an end opposite of the bracket. The brake is unlocked manually by forcing the support upward when the support is in a locked position relative to the pivot member.

Abstract: A beverage holder for adhering to planar surfaces. The beverage holder assembly pivotally attaches to planar surfaces utilizing a pressure sensitive adhesive, whereby the beverage holder assembly maintains an open top beverage container, placed therein, in an upright position despite changes in the orientation of the planar surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for securely retaining a removable NATO can that fits in a housing of the apparatus comprises a multiplicity of members for securing the NATO can within the housing. The housing has a vertical member and a horizontal member substantially perpendicular to one another. The vertical and horizontal members have a multiplicity of holes for mounting the housing onto a surface. The vertical member and the horizontal member are integral and respectively buttress a wide side of the NATO can and support a bottom portion of the NATO can. Two bent angular members are integral portions of the vertical member directed into the interior of the housing and also securely buttress two opposite narrow sides of the NATO can. The housing includes a securing member substantially perpendicular to the horizontal member for strapping the NATO can to the housing. The securing member is selectively lockable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus facilitate the efficient, safe use of storage space in a building structure. The apparatus stores hand tools of differing shape and dimension in a compact area in nested, canted storage units shaped to receive the handles of tools.

Abstract: A clamping device includes elongated first and second butt housings that are connected pivotally to each other and that have free ends, which are locked relative to each other by a releasable locking unit. Two aligned first large notches in two side walls of the first butt housing and two aligned second large notches in two side walls of the second butt housing constitute a confining hole unit that is adapted to permit extension of an article. Elastic first and second pressing elements are disposed respectively within the first and second butt housings, and are adapted to clamp the article therebetween.

Abstract: Apparatus for supporting a computer pointing device such as a mechanical or optical mouse or a track ball unit within the footprint of a keyboard. The apparatus supports the pointing device over the keys of a computer keyboard to permit full use of both the pointing device and the keys. The apparatus comprises a platform positionable over at least a portion of the keyboard to support the pointing device and regions formed in the platform to permit manipulation of the keyboard keys through the platform. The regions can be openings through the platform to allow a user's fingers to press the keys directly. The regions can be deformable to permit a user to manipulate the keys underneath the platform indirectly. Alternatively, the keyboard itself can be designed with keys having specially shaped surfaces to support a pointing device.

Abstract: A furniture support and carpet protection combination includes a piece of furniture having a furniture structural member supported by a flooring that may have irregularities and a carpet positioned between the furniture structural member and the flooring. The combination also includes a furniture support and carpet protection apparatus for supporting furniture and reducing damage to the underlying carpet. The apparatus includes a plurality of posts and a coaster having a plurality of bores to provide lateral support to the posts. The apparatus further includes a coaster cover positioned to underlie the furniture structural member and overlie the coaster to provide mount support to the furniture structural member and to distribute the weight of the furniture structural member to the plurality of posts. A kit to assemble an apparatus and a method of using an apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a locking device of a seat track for vehicles. The seat track comprises a fixed rail fastened to the bottom plane of a vehicle body and having pin holding holes, and a movable rail adapted to move along the fixed rail in a state wherein a seat is mounted thereon. The movable rail is adapted to be locked to or unlocked from the fixed rail by making use of the locking device mounted thereto. The locking device comprises operating pins laterally mounted to a side wall of the movable rail by penetrating through pin bracket fixing holes formed at the side wall.

Abstract: A mirror with slidable set is disclosed having a primary mirror with a back surface and a slidable set integrated to the back surface. The slidable set includes at least one lever pair fixed with an articulated joint to the back surface of the primary mirror. An opposite end of the at least one lever pair is fixed with an articulated joint to at least one moveable element that is mounted slidably on at least one guide. The at least one guide is placed parallel to the back surface of the primary mirror and at a horizontal height generally the same as the horizontal height of the ends of the at least one lever pair. The moveable element is joined to a driving unit. The driving unit may comprise an electric motor with a switching on/off unit, a pneumatic actuator or a hydraulic actuator.