Abstract: Disclosed are a tungsten material for a penetrating splinter shell and forming method thereof enabling a penetrator to perforate a hard target on high-speed impact as well as having the following splinter cause a severe damage on an inner component by changing a breakage characteristic of the material into brittle fracture from ductile fracture in a manner that a mechanical characteristic of the material is adjusted by controlling a sintering condition and a composition ratio of a tungsten heavy alloy material having Mo added thereto. The present invention includes the steps of mixing 90˜95 wt % W powder, 3.0˜8.0 wt % Mo powder, 0.5˜3.0 wt % Ni powder, and 1.0˜4.0 wt % Fe powder with each other, molding the mixed powders, and sintering the molded powders.

Abstract: A magnetite-iron based composite powder includes magnetite with a ratio of X-ray diffraction intensity to that of &agr;-Fe of about 0.001 to about 50 and has an average primary particle size of about 0.1 to about 10 &mgr;m. The composite powder can highly dehalogenate organic halogen compounds and exhibits satisfactory absorption power of high frequency electromagnetic waves after molding. An ultrafine nonferrous inorganic compound powder may adhere to the surface of the composite powder, or at least the composite powder may adhere to the surfaces of small particles of a nonferrous inorganic compound to thereby yield a composite powder composition. The composite powder can be produced by partial reduction of a material powder containing a hematite based powder or by complete reduction and subsequent partial oxidation of the material powder.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing magnetic metal powder is provided. In the method, a powdered magnetic metal oxide is supplied to a heat treatment furnace with a carrier gas composed of a reducing gas. The heat treatment furnace is maintained at temperatures above a reducing action starting temperature for the powdered magnetic metal oxide and above a melting point of the magnetic metal in the powder. The powdered magnetic metal oxide is subject to a reducing process, and then magnetic metal particles, the resultant reduced product, is melted to form a melt. The melt is re-crystallized in a succeeding cooling step, to obtain single crystal magnetic metal power in substantially spherical form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to producing cobalt having a low oxygen and a low oxide inclusion content for use as a sputter target thereby reducing the arcing and metal defects during sputtering commonly associated with high-oxygen cobalt sputter targets. Notably, the method for reducing the oxygen content and the oxide inclusion content in cobalt are separate processes which may be combined in successive order to procuce a low-oxygen cobalt sputter target having a low oxide inclusion content. The reduction in oxygen content preferably is performed prior to reducing the oxide inclusion content. Accordingly, the artisan will appreciate that one process can be performed without the other depending upon whether a reduction in oxygen or oxide inclusions is preferred in a desired cobalt sputter target.

Abstract: A system and method for passive hypoxic training provides a person with a low oxygen (hypoxic) environment. Oxygen sensors automatically monitor and control oxygen levels to maintain the altitude desired. CO2 levels are monitored and CO2 is eliminated so that the air a person breathes is substantially clean and fresh. Exposure to a high altitude environment produces physiological changes in a person's body, which becomes more efficient at absorbing and transporting oxygen. Using the present method and system, athletes obtain the benefits of sleeping at a simulated altitude in the user's own home for six to twelve hours, rather than traditional altitude therapies in which athletes spend two to three weeks at high altitude before an athletic competition to obtain similar benefits. This system allows for “live high train low” altitude training that has been shown in controlled studies to provide superior benefits to “live high train high” training.

Abstract: Particles in a fluid flow are concentrated by a combination of electrical charging and focussing and passage through a virtual impact concentrator. The fluid is passed through an electrical charging section and an electrical focussing section and then to a virtual impact concentrator. The majority of charged particles in a selected size range are collected through a minor discharge passage extending axially from the virtual impact concentrator. The invention is particularly suitable for sampling engine exhaust gases and ambient aerosols.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for flue gas purification and a method is disclosed for introducing a purifying agent. A purifying agent is introduced into the metering device of a system for flue gas purification in a simple and inexpensive manner. To this end, the system is provided with a collector that is adapted to receive a plurality of storage containers for the purifying agent and that is used to automatically displace the storage containers relative to the metering device. The automatic displaceability of the storage containers substantially reduces the number of interventions by the operating personnel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for filtering particulate and condensation are provided. The filter is a multi-state filter that reduces contamination from sources other than the desired source by having its filtering components encased and compacted together.

Abstract: A filter element that comprises a porous molded web 10′ that contains thermally bonded staple fibers 12 and non-thermally bonded electrically charged microfibers 14. The molded web is retained in its molded configuration, at least in part, by bonds between the staple fibers 12 at points of fiber intersection 13. The web may be molded, for example, into the shape of filtering face mask 16.

Abstract: A scrubber for removing particles from waste gas. The scrubber comprises a chamber and a water-injecting device. The chamber has an outlet, an inlet connected to a gas inlet pipe, and a plurality of sprayers connected to a water source to spray water into the chamber. The water-injecting device is disposed at the outlet and connected to the water inlet pipe. The water-injecting device has an annular gap to inject water and provide a water film over the outlet of the chamber, filtering out particles and corrosive gases.

Abstract: Improved area decontamination products and methods of use thereof are provided which include reactive nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxides, hydroxides and mixtures thereof) with one or more biocides and a liquid carrier for the nanoparticles and biocide(s). The products may be formulated for area decontamination as sprays, fogs, aerosols, pastes, gels, wipes or foams, and the presence of reactive nanoparticles enhances the neutralization of undesirable chemical or biological compounds or agents. The nanoparticles may be from the group consisting of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, actinide and lanthanide oxides and hydroxides and mixtures thereof. In preferred forms, nanocrystalline oxides and hydroxides of Al, Ca, Ce, Mg, Sr, Sn, Ti and Zn are employed having single crystallite sizes of up to about 20 nm and surface areas of at least about 15 m2/g.

Abstract: In a ballpoint pen which is formed to have an ink-consumption value per unit area of 0.64 to 1.6 mg/cm2, the surface tension of the ink for the ball point pen is adjusted to a range of 16 to 32 mN/m so that blotting, line splitting and the like hardly occur, that the ink transferred onto the paper surface is ready to be dried and that fluctuation in the density and width of the written lines are less likely to occur due to a storage environment and to a writing condition.

Abstract: An ink jet printing process having the steps of: A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; B) loading the printer with ink jet recording elements having a support having thereon an image-receiving layer; C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink composition of water, humectant and a self-assembling colorant that is capable of spontaneously forming a nanoparticulate dispersion without any prior physical attrition or surface modification, the colorant having the formula: (A)m—Q—(Z)n wherein: Q represents a chromophore; each A independently represents an organic or inorganic group capable of hydrogen bonding or other non-covalent bonding; each Z independently represents an organic or inorganic group capable of electrostatic bonding; and m and n each independently represents an integer from 0 to 10; with the proviso that n+m is at least 1; and with the further proviso that at least about 50 wt.

Abstract: Ink compositions described are suitable for ink jet printing (ink jet inks) and are highly effective for simultaneously imparting visible and fluorescent images. In the preferred forms, both a dark, visible image and a complementary fluorescent image will be visually discernable as well as machine readable to enable efficient hand and automated processing or handling of the objects printed. These results are achieved by ink formulations that moderate the natural phenomena of quenching while possessing the physical properties necessary for an ink jet ink.

Abstract: A metal chelated dyestuff for inkjet recording comprising a water soluble azo metal chelated compound formed by an azo-based compound represented by the following general formula (1) having one or more hydrophilic group per molecule and a metal element; an aqueous inkjet recording liquid comprising an aqueous medium and the aforementioned metal chelated dyestuff; and an inkjet recording method using the aforementioned recording liquid are described, wherein the heterocyclic ring containing X1 is a triazole ring or the like; and Ar1 represents naphthyl group having a chelated group.

Abstract: An ink composition for inkjet recording comprising: an azo dye having an aromatic nitrogen-containing 6-membered heterocycle as a coupling component; a compound represented by the following formula (I); and an aqueous medium wherein the azo dye is dissolved or dispersed in the aqueous medium:

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks are described which have a volatile content of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 and/or a moisture content of at least 0.5 along with one or more analytical properties. Inks and coating and other compositions are further described which include the carbon blacks of the present invention. Methods of decreasing the cure energy of an ink as well as methods to improve storage stability are further described.

Abstract: Cellulose solvents, cellulose compositions, and methods of making and using the same. For example, a cellulose composition including cellulose dissolved in the following solvent: an amine-based composition, provided however, the amine-based composition is not ammonia; and a salt selected from the group including a thiocyanate salt, a halide salt, and a nitrate salt. Representative amine-based compositions include hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, and ethylenediamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of the 1-aminoanthraquinone, anthanthrone, anthrapyrimidine, quinacridone, dioxazine, diketopyrrolopyrrole, flavanthrone, indanthrone, isoindolinone, isoviolanthrone, perinone, perylene, phthalocyanine, pyranthrone or thioindigo series, which compound has one or more sulfonate groups of formula (I) wherein R1 is methyl or ethyl, R2 is C6-C24alkyl, C6-C24alkenyl or C7-C24aralkyl, R3 and R4 are each independently of the other a chain consisting 1, 2 or 3 members, each member independently of any other(s) being (CH2))2O—, —(CH2)3O—, CH(CH3)CH2O—, —CH2CH(CH3)—O— or —CH2CH(CH2O—)O—and the chains being terminated by H, CH3, C2H5 ?or C(═O)CH3, m is a number from 0.3 to 1.0 and n is number from 0 to (1.0−m), the compound being suitable for use as a pigment dispersant and rheology improver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of the 1-aminoanthraquinone, anthanthrone, anthrapyrimidine, quinacridone, dioxazine, diketopyrrolopyrrole, flavanthrone, indanthrone, isoindolinone, isoviolanthrone, perinone, perylene, phthalocyanine, pyranthrone or thioindigo series, which compound has one or more sulfonate groups of formula (1) wherein R1 is methyl or ethyl, R2, R3? and R4 are each independently of the others C6-C24alkyl or C6-C24alkenyl, m is a number from 0.3 to 1.0 and n is a number from 0 to (1.0 m), the compound being suitable for use as a pigment dispersant and rheology improver. Also claimed are modified pigments having that compound on their surface, and also pigment compositions and dispersions comprising that compound.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for producing rapid setting cement and to the compositions produced therefrom. The setting time of hydraulic cement compositions comprising Portland cement and fly ash can be accelerated by controlling the pH of an activator slurry used in the composition. The pH of the activator slurry is controlled by non-stoichiometrically balancing the accelerating salts therein such that the activator slurry is alkaline, or having a pH greater than 7. The slurry activator of the present invention generally includes a base component, an acid component, and water. The base component can include any basic alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or a salt of the acid component. The acid component may include a hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably citric acid. Mortar and concrete compositions can be prepared with this hydraulic cement wherein the compositions can achieve high strengths in a short time.

Abstract: An application head (11) for application of hot-melt adhesive onto a width of material (22) has a housing (12) with a control slide chamber (20). A cylinder control slide (13) is supported and is rotatably drivable in the housing. At least one supply aperture introduces an adhesive into the control slide chamber (20). A slotted nozzle (18) releases the adhesive. The slotted nozzle is controllable by the cylinder control slide (13). The nozzle extends transversely to the direction of movement of the width of material (22). The cylinder control slide (13) has a cylindrical surface which is able to seal the slotted nozzle (18) from the inside. The control slide (13) also has surface grooves (17) in the cylindrical surface. The grooves, as a function of their rotational positions, are able to communicate with the slotted nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding a treatment substance to an application device used to treat a moving paper or board web, which arrangement includes at least one application chamber (1) extending over the width of the web, to which the treatment substance can be fed. The treatment substance feed devices include at least one elongated feed chamber (3) extending over the width of the application device, to which treatment substance can be fed from the inlet side (8) of the chamber (3), and at least one connection (20) for leading the treatment substance from the feed chamber to the application chamber (1). For feeding the treatment substance between the feed chambers, there is at least one flow route to connect the end (19) of the feed chamber (3) opposite the inlet side (8) and the end of the application device on the side of the inlet side of the first feed chamber (3), through the flow route.

Abstract: A mass transfer system offers the simultaneous transfer and time-saving efficiencies transfer techniques, while also offering the flexibility of prior-art free techniques. A mass transfer mechanism and an associated software control mechanism are equipped with the ability to retract a plurality of lifting arms (6), in a manner so select which of the processing stages (2) the lifting arms (6) will address for each transfer step, while omitting those steps for which transfer is not yet required.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying powder to at least an interior surface of a hollow object includes a powder discharge device adapted to receive powder and discharge the powder through an outlet. An object holder is configured to hold the object such that the outlet is positioned within the hollow object adjacent the interior surface. A rotating mechanism is configured to engage and rotate the hollow object such that the powder discharged from the outlet coats the interior surface as the interior surface rotates past the outlet. The powder discharge device may be a powder fluidizing bed unit including a chamber with a powder discharge opening in the form of an elongate slot.

Abstract: A device for moistening a material web moved in the transport direction, is preferably used for re-moistening a paper or textile web dried after printing by means of spray device for spraying a water fog onto the material web under the influence of an electrostatic field produced by a device for electrostatic charging. The device includes a reversing roller provided in the transport direction upstream of the spray device for deflecting the material web. The reversing roller has associated with it a device designed as a corona-charging electrode for electrostatic charging and the spray device has two water spray heads located on both sides of the material web.

Abstract: A chemical treating apparatus for performing a predetermined treatment of a principal surface of a substrate by delivering a treating solution thereto. The apparatus includes a treating solution delivery nozzle for delivering the treating solution to the principal surface of a substrate. The nozzle has a treating solution reservoir adjacent a tip end thereof for storing the treating solution. A temperature control device holds the treating solution reservoir to control the temperature of the treating solution in the treating solution reservoir through heat exchange with the treating solution.

Abstract: A paste application apparatus capable of evenly applying a paste to each of the front portion and the rear portion of a coating target with a simple operation. The paste application apparatus includes a setting device for setting the velocity difference between the movement velocity of the target and that of a paste layer during application of the paste in order to evenly apply the paste to the front portion and the rear portion. The paste layer having a constant layer thickness on a substrate surface moves along an arc-shaped path, when viewed from the side, the target for coating moves along the tangential direction of the arc-shaped path at a constant velocity while being immersed to a predetermined depth relative to the paste layer, and thereby the paste is applied to the target for coating.

Abstract: A system for adding a desired additive to a corrugating adhesive.

Abstract: In a device for depositing coating material with the manufacture of coated and/or impregnated sheet formations the thickness of the coated sheet formation is monitored with two metering rollers (11, 13) rotating against the sheet formation. The distance measurement between the contact surfaces (12, 14) of the metering rollers (11, 13) is carried out by way of measuring surfaces (16, 18) concentric to the metering rollers (11, 3) which have a smaller diameter (d1) than the contact surfaces (12, 14).

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor with one or more stages each stage having a heating section located below a reacting section and a mechanism that pulses granules back and forth between the heating and reacting sections, separate injectors for silicon containing gases non silicon containing gases, heaters to heat the non silicon containing gases above the reaction temperature and the silicon containing gases to a temperature just below their decomposition temperature. The heater for the silicon containing gases controls the condensing vapor of a heat transfer fluid to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the silicon containing gases. An enclosed noncontaminating sieving device selectively removes product and recycles undersize material. A weigh cell with frequency analysis capability provides information on the weight of the reactor and the force exerted by the pulsing action of the granules.

Abstract: With a conventional cylindrical can method, a region used as a film formation ground electrode is a portion of the cylindrical can, and an apparatus becomes larger in size in proportion to the surface area of the electrode. A conveyor device and a film formation apparatus having the conveyor device are provided, which have a unit for continuously conveying a flexible substrate from one end to the other end, and which are characterized in that a plurality of cylindrical rollers are provided between the one end and the other end along an arc with a radius R, the cylindrical rollers being arranged such that their center axes run parallel to each other, and that a mechanism for conveying the flexible substrate while the substrate is in contact with each of the plurality of cylindrical rollers is provided.

Abstract: A substrate 9 is carried by a carry system in sequence, via a direction-altering chamber 8 to which a plurality of vacuum chambers comprising processing chambers 21 to 24 are hermetically-connected in the perimeter, to the plurality of processing chambers 21 to 24. The carry system carries the substrate 9 horizontally by moving, using a horizontal moving mechanism, a substrate holder 92 which holds two substrate 9 upright in such a way that the plate surface thereof forms a holding angle to the horizontal of between 45° or more and 90° or less. The direction-altering chamber 8 includes a direction altering mechanism 80 that alters the direction of movement by the horizontal movement mechanism. The direction altering mechanism 80 alters the direction of movement by rotating the substrate holder 92 and the horizontal movement mechanism about the vertical rotating axis coincident with the center axis of the direction-altering chamber 8.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of semiconductor wafers, comprising a supportive frame and a process table arranged on the supportive frame. The process table comprises a stationary upper platen and a stationary lower plate. An intermediate indexing plate is rotatively arranged between the upper platen and the lower plate. At least one wafer support pin is attached to the indexing plate for the support of a wafer by the indexing plate. An upper housing is arranged on the upper platen and an outer lower housing is arranged on the lower plate. A displacable lower isolation chamber is disposed within the outer lower housing, being displacable against the indexing plate to define a treatment module between the upper housing and the lower isolation chamber in which the wafer is treated. A wafer supporting treatment plate is arranged within the lower isolation chamber, for controlled rapid treatment of a wafer within the treatment module.

Abstract: a method and apparatus for preventing N2O from becoming super critical during a high pressure oxidation stage within a high pressure oxidation furnace are disclosed. The method and apparatus utilize a catalyst to catalytically disassociate N2O as it enters the high pressure oxidation furnace. This catalyst is used in an environment of between five (5) atmospheres to twenty-five (25) atmospheres N2O and a temperature range of 600° to 750° C., which are the conditions that lead to the N2O going super critical. By preventing the N2O from becoming super critical, the reaction is controlled that prevents both temperature and pressure spikes. The catalyst can be selected from the group of noble transition metals and their oxides. This group can comprise palladium, platinum, rhodium, nickel, silver, and gold.

Abstract: A method for removing paint from a substrate includes the steps of providing a sponge having a first surface for contact with the substrate, providing ultrasonic transducers in contact with a second surface of the sponge opposite from the first surface, saturating the sponge with water to provide a path of water extending from the transducers to the substrate, and activating the transducers to generate (i) a low frequency acoustic field; and (ii) a high frequency acoustic field; and thereby (iii) micron-sized vapor or cavitation bubbles which impinge upon the paint on the substrate to remove the paint from the substrate.

Abstract: Powdered compositions comprising in admixture inorganic salts and silica gel, and optionally a fragrance additive, are disclosed. The novel compositions are useful in absorbing and deodorizing liquid waste and for removing such waste from irregular surfaces, such as textiles and carpeting, as well as from smooth hard surfaces. The compositions are effective in absorbing liquid biohazards, such as blood, vomit, urine, and other body fluids. For this application, a halogen-containing compound, such as sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite is preferably included in the composition. The mixtures can also be utilized for the absorption of oil-based spills and hydrocarbons and are also effective in removing moisture and malodors associated with pet urine and other moisture-related stains encountered in the home. When applied to liquid wastes, the absorbent properties of the compositions contain the spill, creating a solid cohesive matrix that allows for easy disposal.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a wafer with a drip nozzle being configured for use in a drip manifold that is oriented over a brush of a wafer cleaning system is provided. The drip nozzle has a first end and a second end with a passage defined there between where the passage includes a wall that extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end. An orifice is defined within the passage and located at the first end of the drip nozzle. The method includes inputting a fluid into the drip nozzle at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal extension of the wall and reflecting the fluid stream off an internal wall of the drip nozzle at least twice in a direction that is toward the second end. The method further includes outputting at least one substantially uniform drop from the second end of the passage.

Abstract: A method of cleaning an air gap in a plumbing fixture by removing the cap from a counter table access and inserting a flexible wire brush into a hose connecting the counter-top access to the drain opening.

Abstract: Method of improving the skin feel or mildness to the skin of various detergent compositions, such as hand dish washing compositions, hand laundry bars, shampoos and other personal cleansing compositions.

Abstract: A family of extremely fine-grained alloys are used to make coatings or free-standing bodies having desirable properties for use as a heat-resistant and wear-resistant material. In an illustrative embodiment, the alloys are comprised of a multiplicity of alternate, microcrystalline or nanocrystalline films of tungsten metal and tungsten compound. The tungsten compound film may be comprised of a tungsten carbide or a tungsten boride. The tungsten films are the primary films. Their desirable characteristics, in addition to their very fine crystalline habit, per se, are the high strength, high hardness, high resilience, and high fracture energy which these fine crystallites foster. They may be manufactured by a chemical vapor deposition process in which reactive gas flows are rapidly switched to produce alternate films with abrupt hetero-junctions and thereby to produce the useful micro-crystalline habit. The unique synthesis method allows effective control of critical flaw size.

Abstract: Carbon steels of high performance are disclosed that contain a three-phase microstructure consisting of grains of ferrite fused with grains that contain dislocated lath structures in which laths of martensite alternate with thin films of austenite. The microstructure can be formed by a unique method of austenization followed by multi-phase cooling in a manner that avoids bainite and pearlite formation and precipitation at phase interfaces. The desired microstructure can be obtained by casting, heat treatment, on-line rolling, forging, and other common metallurgical processing procedures, and yields superior combinations of mechanical and corrosion properties.

Abstract: For manufacturing a catheter having an inner tube forming a first lumen and an outer tube arranged coaxially with the inner tube, a second lumen being formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, a mandrel is inserted for retaining the first lumen into the inner tube, and an ultrasonic horn is applied to the outer surface of the outer tube for oscillating ultrasonic waves, thereby fusion bonding the inner surface of the outer tube to the outer surface of the inner tube. The particular method permits easily bonding the inner tube and the outer tube to each other. Also, since thermal deformation is small, it is possible to manufacture a catheter, in which the obstacle to the inflow of the inflation fluid into the inflatable member is very small, and which exhibits a rapid response to inflation and deflation of the inflatable member.

Abstract: A method is disclosed wherein weakened zones are provided in plastic trim parts in the from of cuts produced by means of an ultra sound cutting method, and wherein the cuts can be made suitably narrow and extending through the thickness of a multilayered plastic trim part in a manner that the cuts are without jagged edges and remain invisible on the visible side even when the cut extends though a decorative layer of the multilayered plastic part even after long term storage under heat.

Abstract: A method to produce a distortion-free asymmetrical low-temperature co-fired ceramic structure comprising at least one layer of glass-containing internal constraining tape and at least one layer of glass-containing primary tape wherein the internal constraining tape and the primary tape are laminated to form an asymmetrical laminate and wherein a release layer is deposited on at least one surface of the laminate forming an assembly, wherein the surface is opposite the position of greatest asymmetry of the laminated layers and wherein the assembly is thermally processed producing a structure exhibiting an interactive suppression of x,y shrinkage.

Abstract: The method of folding overlap side edges of a wide breaker ply over side edges of a narrow breaker ply wrapped around the wide breaker ply on circumferentially spaced modules wherein the modules have axially movable belt lifting and conveying nose members to carry the overlap side edges of the wide breaker ply axially over the side edges of the narrow breaker ply and position the wide side edges of the wide breaker ply over the narrow breaker ply side edges. The nose members are then retracted to peel the belt away from the folded overlap side edges of the wide breaker ply.

Abstract: An optical recording head is provided which includes a slider body having a leading edge. A void is formed in the slider body to receive a sphere of optically transparent material. The sphere is inserted into the void such that a portion of the sphere protrudes from the slider body. The protruding portion is lapped to be coplanar with a surface of the slider body to form a near-field lens. A mesa may be formed onto the lapped portion and may include a coil. The slider body, mesa, near-field lens, and coil may be formed in one batch process.

Abstract: A belt press use a combination of vacuum and atmospheric pressure to provide the majority of the compressive force between platens. A first platen has a substantially rigid proximal side and a plurality of vacuum ports communicating therewith. The compressive force is generated by pulling a vacuum at the vacuum ports associated with the first platen while allowing atmospheric pressure to act against its distal side. Heat may be applied via at least one of the platens while generating the compressive force. Evolved gases are vented via the vacuum ports while applying the heat by continuing to pull the vacuum during heating. When the now-joined belt ends have cooled after the application of heat, the compressive force is relieved by ceasing the pulling the vacuum at the vacuum ports associated with the first platen. The second platen of the belt press may be similar to the first platen.

Abstract: A process for making a pants-type diaper without generation of waste material. The pants-type diaper is composed of a body fluid absorbent pad member curved in a U-shape, a front waist member and a rear waist member extending around front and rear waist-halves, respectively. The front and rear waist members are obtained by feeding first and second elastic members in parallel to each other in a machine direction so as to describe substantially sinusoidal curves, respectively, securing these elastic members to one surface of a web fed in the machine direction and then transversely bisecting the web between the first and second elastic members. The first and second elastic members are symmetric to each other about a center line bisecting the web but phase-shifted with respect to each other in the machine direction by half a cycle of the substantially sinusoidal curve.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrically conductive filler by placing a web of core material onto an interior surface of a web of conductive layer material. The webs of core material and conductive layer material are directed through a forming station for folding the conductive layer around the core. The filler having a substantially non-conductive core and a conductive layer. The conductive layer is wrapped around the core to form a closed loop thereby establishing conductivity from a bottom of the filler to a top of the filler by paths on each of two sides of the filler.