Abstract: A wheeled vehicle kingpin bolt-replacement tool is disclosed manufactured from a rigid material, which facilitates bolt removal. The tool allows a baseplate to be inserted along two perpendicular intersection channels. A first channel engages the baseplate to prevent movement upon application of force while the second channel allows sufficient clearance for the kingpin bolt that is bound to the baseplate to be forcefully struck and removed from the base plate. A method is also disclosed for using the tool of the present invention to remove a kingpin bolt from a baseplate upon application of force.

Abstract: A hydraulic well casing repair system and method therefor. Pressurized fluid from an above-ground source is provided to a hydraulic swage body inside a well. The swage body comprises at least one movable member for exerting laterally outward pressure on the well casing. Rigid segmented concentric tubing communicates pressurized fluid to the swage body.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to a fixture and a method to assist in the alignment of the inlet end of a transition duct and a combustor component in a turbine engine. The fixture includes a plurality of pressure transducers spaced on a mandrel so as to correspond to the target alignment location of the transition. The plurality of pressure transducers produce signals, which can be converted by a signal processor into an actual alignment location signal. A display can be provided for presenting graphical images of the target alignment location and the actual alignment location responsive to the actual alignment location signal received from the signal processor. Thus, a user can view the movement of the graphical image of the actual alignment location relative to the graphical image of the target alignment location such that the user can adjust the transition's position until the graphical images are substantially aligned.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a combined driveshaft tube and yoke assembly includes the initial step of providing a workpiece having a first end portion, a central portion, and a second end portion. The workpiece may have a varying wall thickness, such as by providing the first end portion and the second end portion with a first wall thickness and the central portion with a second wall thickness that is greater than the first wall thickness. If desired, the central portion of the workpiece may be provided with a ridge that extends about the circumference thereof. Additionally, the central portion of the workpiece may be provided with a plurality of protrusions. The workpiece may be hollow can be deformed to the desired shape by hydroforming or magnetic pulse forming. The central portion of the workpiece is divided, such as along the circumferential ridge, to provide a pair of combined driveshaft tube and yoke assemblies.

Abstract: A tool for installing and removing flexible flat cable with respect to a protective sleeve has a groove for receiving the cable. The cable slides into and is formed into an arc by the groove and is supported evenly on both sides of the cable. With the full width of the cable in the groove, the tool slides down the length of the cable into the sleeve for the cable to be removed. As the tool slides into the sleeve, there is a smooth transition of the cable from flat to curved, and the cable and sleeve separate. The tool is slid through the sleeve as far as necessary for the needed action. After alternations to the sleeve or cable are complete, the tool is used to replace the cable back into the sleeve by reversing these steps.

Abstract: This hand tool is designed for installing and extracting the elastic fastenings of railroad rails. It comprises a base body, mounted movably to the underside of which is an active part which acts on the fastening that is to be inserted or removed. A rotating head or a rotating part that can be pivoted about an essentially vertical axis is provided on the top of the main body, this head carrying a hand-powered member such as a push bar which extends to the side of said head. A force-multiplying transmission, which may for example be hydraulic, connects the hand-powered member to the active part. In this way the hand-powered member can, independently of the use position of the active part, be placed in a suitable orientation, particularly inside a safe zone.

Abstract: Methods (processes) are employed for forming a pan with an attached gasket, from universal pans and gaskets. These universal pans and gaskets are attached to each other and cut to a desired shape, resulting in a faceplate.

Abstract: A pipe coupling method includes an inlet insert, a clamping ring, a clamp and the forming of a flange on an end of two adjacent pipes. A clamping ring includes an inner groove sized to receive the flanges of the two adjacent pipes. A first end of the inlet insert is inserted into a first pipe and the second end of the inlet insert is inserted into a second pipe. The clamp is placed over the clamping ring. The clamp is tightened to secure the two pipes. A second embodiment of the pipe coupling method includes an inlet insert, and a pair of latch clamps for joining a pipe to a sprinkler pipe. A third embodiment of the pipe coupling method includes an inlet insert, two collars, a peripheral clamp and enlarging a perimeter of two coupled pipes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a strip of fasteners and related methods including at least a first fastener and a second fastener connected to the second fastener. Also disclosed is a system including the strip of fasteners and an installation tool capable of inserting each of the fasteners in the strip into a substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a superconducting coil is disclosed. The method comprises the step of fabricating individual coil windings by depositing, shaping and texturing superconductive material in situ on a former which has a substantially curved surface.

Abstract: In an electroacoustic transducer (21) with a stationary transducer part (23) and with a membrane configuration (17) comprising a membrane (15) and a handling ring (1) for the membrane (15) connected with the membrane (15), the membrane configuration (17) is connected with the stationary transducer part (23) via the handling ring (1), and the handling ring (1) and membrane (15) are connected together via an interlocking connection.

Abstract: A spindle motor is formed so as to support a pivot of a rotor by a pair of open bearings. The open bearings thus constructed will be less expensive and simple structures, so that a manufacturing cost thereof is reduced compared to a conventional spindle motor using a pair of ball bearings with shields. Accordingly, a low-cost spindle motor can be provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a yoke includes a step of cutting a steel plate into a rectangular sheet having a plurality of first dovetail convexities at one end thereof and a plurality of second dovetail convexities at the other end, a step of rolling the rectangular sheet into a cylinder to fit the first dove tails and the second dove tails to each other and a step of punching border portions of the first dove tails and the second dove tails. The second dovetail convexities are formed to be the same in shape as the first dovetail convexities so that they can fit to the first dovetail convexities. A smooth-faced yoke can be manufacture without using an expensive welder.

Abstract: A method of making composite electric machine components. Magnetic segments and non-magnetic segments are separately formed to green strength, and then arranged adjacent to each other in a desired magnetic pattern. A small amount of powder material is added in-between the segments, and the whole assembly is then sintered to form a sinterbonded composite component of high structural integrity.

Abstract: A lower shield layer is formed (S101). Subsequently, an MR device is formed (S103), and pinning/annealing is carried out (S105). The pinning/annealing provides exchange coupling between an antiferromagnetic layer and a pinned layer. Then, a domain control layer and electrode layers are formed (S107), and an upper shield layer is formed (S109). Thereafter, the domain control layer is magnetized in a direction yielding a longitudinal bias magnetic field (S111). Next, a recording head part is formed (S113). Then, a support in which a plurality of thin-film magnetic heads are formed so as to be arranged in a matrix is cut into a plurality of bars each comprising a plurality of thin-film magnetic heads arranged integrally (S115).

Abstract: A base plate and load beam for an HG assembly are formed in series, stacked, and transferred by a transfer system in the form of the stacked-layer series to undergo the necessary assembly processes such as layer joining, slider attachment, and electrical connections between the terminals thereon. When uncompleted HG assemblies are transferred for each of the manufacturing processes, the uncompleted HG assembly is mounted on the assembly jig such as a tray or a block for transference. For this reason, assemblingjigs, the number of which is at least equal to the number of the uncompleted HG assemblies remaining at the respective assembly processes would be needed. Accordingly, the efficiency of work space is reduced, and a rise in manufacturing cost is brought about by the need for the assembling jigs.

Abstract: The present invention is an object to provide an apparatus or a method making it possible to easily effect connection between additional electrodes, etc. and lead electrodes when performing a processing for achieving a predetermined throat height value or crown processing or the like and making it possible to measure the requisite lapping amount. For achieving the object, a flexible electrode extension sheet is used which consists of a portion for retaining a ceramic bar in which element portions are formed and a portion where there are formed wirings respectively in correspondence with the elements and adapted to be connected to these elements, in which these wirings, which can be easily connected to an external measurement system, are electrically connected to the elements, whereby the lapping amount is easily obtained from the characteristic amount of the elements in the lapping process.

Abstract: A machine for assembling enclosure including a shell and a base includes a support base (12), a pair of first brackets (20) movably attached to opposite ends of the support base, and a pair of second brackets (40) pivotably attached to the first brackets respectively. A pair of first engagement assemblies (50) is arranged on opposite ends of the second bracket, each comprising a movable engagement part for engaging inside of the shell. A second engagement assembly (70) is arranged between the first engagement assemblies, and comprises a movable engagement plate for engaging outside of the shell. A controller (80) is provided for controlling the first and second brackets, the first and second engagement assemblies to act properly and sequentially, for engaging pins of the shell in corresponding holes of the base to form the enclosure.

Abstract: An anti-electrostatic discharge (ESD) tool for engaging electronic device under test (DUT) boards whereby ESD damage to the tested devices is prevented. The tool includes an aluminum support frame, guides on opposing edges of one side of the frame for slidably receiving a DUT board, and at least one electrical shorting connector extending from the frame and electrically connecting and shorting socket connectors and leads of electronic devices when the DUT board is inserted into the guides. The electrical shorting connector preferably comprises an array of fine wire brushes which have sufficient rigidity and flexibility for engaging solder points on the DUT board for the socket connectors.

Abstract: A special designed hand tool called BNC Driver has been invented. The invention allows the male BNC connectors on the ends of coaxial cables to be easily twisted on to and rotated off from the female BNC connectors, when these female BNC connectors are closely and densely installed in a very limited area where a human hand is very hard to access from.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a multilayer flexible wiring board. The multilayer flexible wiring board including first and second patterned wiring layers, a resin film interposed between a surface of the first wiring layer and a surface of the second wiring layer, and a bump connected to the surface of the second wiring layer, wherein the resin film is adapted to form an opening when the bump to force into the resin film and an ultrasonic wave is applied to the bump and the bump is left in the opening to electrically connect the top of the bump to the first wiring layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of providing an integral thermal interface on an interface surface of a heat dissipation device, such as a heat sink. In accordance with the present invention, the phase change material is applied directly onto the interface surface of the heat sink to form an integral interface layer directly on the heat sink during the manufacturing process. This process includes the steps of providing a heat dissipating device having an interface surface, liquefying the phase change material at a controlled temperature so as to decrease the material viscosity to a flowable form, applying the liquefied phase change material directly onto the mating surface of the heat dissipating device either by directly dispensing the material, screen printing or stencil printing and cooling the material causing it to cure on the surface of the heat dissipating device.

Abstract: A printed circuit board stiffener is provided comprising a generally U-shaped elongated horizontal assembly having a substantially horizontal surface, an elongated vertical member extending downward from and rigidly coupled to one of the elongated horizontal assembly members opposite the assembly's curved edge and having a plurality of legs extending from the elongated vertical member, each such leg further comprising a flange extending substantially perpendicular to its respective plurality of legs in a direction toward the elongated horizontal assembly's curved edge. Each of said flanges are suitable for attachment to a surface of a circuit board. Further, such stiffener is capable of being moved, oriented, placed and mechanically bonded to the printed circuit board using existing SMT robotic assemblies.

Abstract: An integrated underfilling process for attaching a chip/die having conductive solder bump contacts to a substrate. The process involves B-staging filled underfill on the chip/die, depositing a fluxing unfilled underfill onto the surface of the substrate, mating the chip/die with the B-staged underfill to the substrate and reflowing the assembled chip/substrate. The B-staged filled underfill reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion of the underfill fillet and the fluxing unfilled underfill removes metal oxide from the surface of the solder bump contacts and bond pads to promote the formation of reliable metallurgical joints.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in chip format having a chip which has at least one first insulating layer and electrical connection pads free of the insulating layer is described. On the first insulating layer, interconnects run from the electrical connection pads to base regions of external connection elements. A further applied insulating layer is provided with openings leading from the outside to the base regions of the external connection elements. In the openings there is a conductive adhesive, onto which small balls which are metallic at least on the outside are placed. The semiconductor element can also contain a solder paste instead of a conductive adhesive in the openings, and metallized small plastic balls are placed onto the solder paste. The invention furthermore relates to methods for producing the semiconductor device described.

Abstract: Contact structures are formed by building a core structure on a substrate and over coating the core structure with a material that is harder or has a greater yield strength than the material of the core structure. The core structure may be formed by attaching a wire to the substrate and spooling the wire out from a spool. While spooling the wire out, the spool may be moved to impart a desired shape to the wire. The wire is severed from the spool and over coated. As an alternative, the wire is not over coated. The substrate may be an electronic device, such as a semiconductor die.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a piston or piston head with a combustion relief (6) for an internal combustion engine. The aim of the invention is to easily and economically produce pistons having a reduced tendency to scale at the edge of the combustion relief. To this end, the piston is formed from a cylindrical unmachined part (1) made of steel, whereby the rod section has at least one front face (2). The method is characterized by the following steps: A) forming an annulary encircling recess (3) in the front face (2); B) introducing additional material (4) into the recess (3); connecting the additional material (4) to the steel of the unmachined part (1) in an at least partially non-positive manner; C) forging the unmachined part (1), which is formed according to steps A) and B), into a piston blank (5), and; D) machining the piston blank (5) into a piston (10) that is ready to be installed in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a valve-seat member of a fuel injector having helical grooves in a recess to generate a swirl, a valve-seat surface of the valve-seat member cooperating with a valve-closure member of fuel injector 1 to form a sealing seat, and the recess being used to guide the valve-closure member. The method includes producing a blank of the valve-seat member, introducing the recess, the valve-seat surface) and at least one spray-discharge orifice into the blank of the valve-seat member and introducing the helical grooves into the recess. The introduction of the helical grooves into the recess is carried out by a non-cutting machining step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a branch pipe. In order for the dependable production of a branch pipe with virtually any desired design of the branch to be made possible in a simple way it is proposed that an elongate, straight main curvature and at least two lateral curvatures, respectively branching off from a longitudinal side of the main curvature, lying opposite each other with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the main curvature extending in the material of the blank and having a mirror-symmetrically arranged base line are formed from a blank by deep-drawing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a run-flat support body for run-flat vehicle wheels. Said support body is typically embodied as a shell-shaped, metallic annular body (3) having an undulated supporting annular surface. The invention relates to a simple, effective method for producing one such annular body (3), according to which a rectangular blank (6) which is cut out of a strip of sheet metal is bent along the longitudinal side to form a ring and the open ends of the ring are interconnected by a material connection. The annular blank (7) thus produced is provided with the desired profile according to the pressure-rolling method, is provided with connecting elements (9), and cut open between the same.

Abstract: Residual fine foreign matters are infallibly removed when manufacturing bearing parts. A removal process of residual fine foreign matters is taken before a high precision water-washing process in a manufacturing process of each component of a rolling bearing. Accordingly, residual fine foreign matters generated in a cutting process, a heat-treating process and a grinding process are removed, including metal powder like a metal chip and falling pieces of bearing components. In the removal process of residual fine foreign matters, ground pieces of corn-cob as a raw material are used for a grinding medium. Thus, damages to a surface of rolling bearing parts may be minimized during the removal process. Moreover, the medium is likely to accommodate to a surface of bearing parts, so that residual fine foreign matters may be effectively removed.

Abstract: A nostril hair trimmer in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention can include a cutter blade comprising a first and second cutter portion with an angle configured in between. The first and second cutter portions are connected to each other by a third cutter portion. A slotted shear plane enclosing the cutter blade allows nostril hairs protruding in different directions to be captured in slots and trimmed short by the cutter blade while protecting nostril membrane. The cutter blade can be arranged such that the cutter blade is rotatable in the slotted shear plane and in constant contact with the inner surface of the slotted shear plane, at least in the region of the slots.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a shaving aid dispensing device for use with a razor cartridge that includes an inner wall and an outer wall that defines at least one reservoir. The inner wall of the dispensing device further defines an aperture sized for passing a shaving cartridge therethrough. A storage medium is disposed in, and substantially fills, the reservoir(s). A shaving aid material is distributed in the shaving aid storage material. A wick substantially covers the reservoir and is operable to draw the shaving aid from the shaving aid storage material by capillary action. The present invention, therefore, provides a user with a shaving aid dispensing device adjacent to a razor cartridge that readily provides a shaving aid material while the user is shaving.

Abstract: An electric shaver including a main body case provided therein with an inner cutter drive mechanism and a swingable shaver head installed on the main body case and has a plurality of reciprocating cutter units oriented parallel to each other in the lateral width direction of the main body case, wherein at least one of the reciprocating cutter units is raised or lowered; and by a combination of the raised or lowered position of one reciprocating cutter unit and the swung position of the shaver head, a selection of the operation mode that corresponds to one of at least three shaving areas including the area beneath the nose, the area beneath the jaw and the cheeks is made. Furthermore, mode selection switches for the operation modes are disposed above and below and on the left and right of a central main switch, the switches graphically depicting a human face.

Abstract: A razor blade unit for safety razor has optimized shape and dimensions for body shaving, especially the regions of the axillae. The blade unit has an elongate blade with a rectilinear sharpened edge, and a skin contacting surface at which the length is 1 to 4 times the width and not greater than 60 mm, preferably 40 to 45 mm. The skin contacting surface has a footprint area of at least 450 mm2, preferably 600 to 750 mm2, and a circularity which is not less than the lower of (i) 65%, and (ii) the circularity of a rectangle with the same length and width as the skin contacting surface and with corner radii of 30% of the width. In a plane perpendicular to the blade edge the skin contacting surface is convex and shaped to make at least three point contact with an imaginary circumscribing circle with a radius of 15 to 70 mm, preferably 25 mm. Guard cap surfaces in front of and behind the blade edge each have a skin contact area of at least 140 mm2, and their combined area is preferably at least 400 mm2, e.g.

Abstract: A laminated blade assembly for cutting the insulation of a wire to permit removal of the insulation from the wire. The blade assembly includes a stationary member and a movable member which are formed to contact each other when moved together to support and cut the insulation of the wire. Each of the members includes a blade sandwiched between a pair of wire insulation supports. A number of grooves of different transverse cross-sectional sizes are formed in each support and are spaced apart from one another in a direction longitudinally of the edge of the support. One of the stationary and one of the movable members is a lower member and the other is an upper member with these members encircling the insulated wire when the members are moved together. Each of the grooves of the lower portion encircle more than one half of the cross-section of the insulated wire.

Abstract: A vegetation pruning device (102) includes a pair (114, 116) of pivotably coupled handles and a motor having a rotary output drive (130) for driving an endless flexible cutting chain (108). A guard (162) is moved relative to the chain (108) by means of pivoting of the handles (114, 116) relative to each other to grip vegetation between the guard (162) and the chain (108). The guard is provided with a pair of curved upper surfaces (164) having teeth (166).

Abstract: A vegetation pruning device (500) includes a pair of pivotably coupled handles (504, 506) and a motor (512) having a rotary output drive for driving an endless flexible cutting chain. A guard is moved relative to the chain by means of pivoting of the handles relative to each other to grip vegetation between the guard and the chain. The motor is actuated by pressing each of a pair of elongate triggers (508, 510) at any position along the length of the triggers.

Abstract: A vegetation pruning device (2) includes a pair (4,6) of pivotally coupled arms. A motor bracket (36) with a rotary output drive (34) provides drive to a cutting element (8) which is coupled to the rotary output drive (34). The cutting element (8) is arranged for cutting vegetation (44) presented thereto.

Abstract: A vegetation pruning device (2) includes a pair (4,6) of pivotally coupled arms. A motor bracket (36) with a rotary output drive (34) provides drive to a cutting element (8) which is coupled to the rotary output drive (34). The cutting element (8) is arranged for cutting vegetation (44) presented thereto.

Abstract: A vegetation pruning device (2) includes a pair (4,6) of pivotally coupled arms. A motor bracket (36) with a rotary output drive (34) provides drive to a cutting element (8) which is coupled to the rotary output drive (34). The cutting element (8) is arranged for cutting vegetation (44) presented thereto.

Abstract: A vegetation pruning device (102) includes a pair (114, 116) of pivotably coupled handles and a motor having a rotary output drive (130) for driving an endless flexible cutting chain (108). A guard (162) is moved relative to the chain (108) by means of pivoting of the handles (114, 116) relative to each other to grip vegetation between the guard (162) and the chain (108). The guard is provided with a pair of curved upper surfaces (164) having teeth (166). The rotary output drive (130) of the motor is arranged generally coaxially with the axis of pivotal movement of the handles (114, 116).

Abstract: A utility knife has a disposable blade cartridge in its handle that has front and rear blade compartments. Each compartment is sized to hold a plurality of blades in side-by-side relation. Fresh blades are disposed in the front compartment and one end of each is advanced one at a time substantially out of the compartment into operative position by a carrier that is controlled by an actuator on the handle. When the active blade is to be replaced, it is moved by the carrier into the rear compartment, and a new blade may then be withdrawn from the front compartment into the operative position. The active blade when not in use is withdrawn into the case. When the one end of all the blades in the front compartment are used the cartridge is reversed, placing what was the rear compartment at the front, and the unused end of each blade is advanced into the operative position and when each is used it is moved to the rear compartment. When all are used, a new cartridge replaces the old in the knife.

Abstract: In order for run-through shears in the case of which the user's hand is located at a distance from the workpiece during cutting, comprising a shears head which is formed by a first shears-head limb with a first cutting blade and by a second shears-head limb with a second cutting blade, also comprising a first handle part and a second handle part, a first handle-part/shears-head-limb combination and a second handle-part/shears-head-limb combination being formed and at least one handle part being disposed in an angled manner relative to the shears head, and further comprising a rotary bearing for pivoting the handle-part/shears-head-limb combinations relative to one another, to be improved such that they can be produced cost-effectively and have a low weight, it is provided that the cutting blades are individual parts which are fixed on cutting-blade retaining regions of the associated shears-head limbs, and that the parts forming the cutting blades are spaced away from the rotary bearing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a portable brushcutter, which comprises a hollow tubular operating rod having a front end provided with a cutting bade and a rear end provided with a drive unit. An output shaft extends longitudinally within the operating rod to transmit a driving force from the drive unit to the cutting blade. Four or more bushings each having an elastic member are disposed in the operating rod while being longitudinally spaced apart from each other, to support the output shaft. A liner is provided to extend within the rod. The liner has a through-hole extending along the axis thereof to allow the output shaft to pass therethrough, and a radially outermost periphery formed as a plurality of strip-shaped faces circumferentially spaced apart from each other. The present invention can provide a portable brushcutter having excellent anti-vibration effect, high strength and sufficiently reduced weight.

Abstract: An electric cutting utensil adapted to receive a variety of shaped attachments for cutting any of a variety of foods into fanciful shapes is disclosed. The cutting utensil includes a housing having an ergonomically designed external shape adapted to comfortably fit in a user's hand. The housing contains an electric motor having an output shaft connected to an attachment-receiving tip by an oscillation-generating coupling. The attachment-receiving tip includes a chuck lock assembly for receiving a plurality of variously sized and shaped interchangeable cutting heads. Each cutting head includes a projecting knife-like edge formed into a fanciful shape, such as a heart or a star, or any other suitable shape. The electric motor may be powered by one or more batteries contained within the housing, or by direct connection to an electrical outlet using a power cord. A base is provided for storage of the device and attachments. In the case of the battery powered embodiment the base is further adapted for re-charging.

Abstract: An improved peeler or scraper is disclosed with a pivoting head that can be pivoted between a longitudinal position where the cutting or scrapping blade is in general alignment with the handle to a transverse position where the cutting blade is disposed perpendicular to the handle or in a “T” configuration.

Abstract: A letter opener (100). Letter opener (100) comprises a main body (102) having an open side, a covering piece (104) for closing up the open side of main body (102), a cutting blade (106), made of a ceramic material, rotatably installed inside main body (102), a spring member (108) installed inside main body (102) for maintaining blade (106) in position and for countering the rotation motion of blade (106) when blade (106) is in cutting mode. On the upper portion of main body (102), there is provided a lip piece (110) having a lower straight surface extending laterally. A through guide groove (112) is formed in between lip (110) and the upper surface of covering piece (104). Blade (106) extends upward across substantially groove (112) at a substantially right angle.

Abstract: Improved kitchen utensils are disclosed which include a supporting member that goes between utensil portion and handle portion of the utensil which supports the utensil or head portion above the counter or work surface when the utensil is placed in a resting position. Thus, the need for a “spoon rest,” plates or napkins for preventing the utensil from engaging the work or counter surface.

Abstract: An ice axe device and method has an adjustable grip. The ice axe includes an elongated shaft with opposite proximal and distal ends. A pick is disposed at the distal end of the elongated shaft, and a grip is disposed at the proximal end of the elongated shaft. A pommel is adjustably securable to a proximal end of the grip, and is movable towards and away from the grip to respectively shorten and lengthen a length of the grip.