Abstract: An apparatus for forming the thin film on the organic light-emitting diode component includes an evaporation resource mechanism, a mixing chamber mechanism, a hollow revolving spindle mechanism, and a vacuum mechanism. The mixing chamber mechanism is coupled to the evaporation resource mechanism. The vacuum mechanism is coupled to the mixing chamber mechanism and is used for generating vacuum in the mixing chamber mechanism. The hollow revolving spindle mechanism has a hollow revolving spindle whose of one end is coupled to the mixing chamber mechanism, a revolving arm coupled to the other end of the hollow revolving spindle and having a surface and a plurality of spraying holes disposed on the surface, and a transmission mean having a driving resource and a transmitting body disposed around the hollow revolving spindle, such that the driving source drives the transmitting body and further the transmitting body drives the hollow revolving spindle.

Abstract: The vacuum deposition device includes a vacuum deposition chamber, a vacuum evacuator for evacuating an inside of the chamber, at least one first evaporator which evaporates a first film forming, at least one second evaporator which evaporates a second film forming material. One of the first and second evaporators which is closer to the substrate is spaced apart from the substrate in a vertical direction by 100 to 300 mm. The substrate, the first evaporator and the second evaporator are installed at positions, which satisfy a condition of an expression (1): 0.3?L1/L2?50. L1 is a distance in a vertical direction from a horizontal plane of a first or second evaporation port of the first or second evaporator to a surface of the substrate, and L2 is the shortest distance between the first evaporation port and the second evaporation port.

Abstract: A plasma reactor including a process chamber, a holding structure constructed arranged to hold a plasma source assembly and a support structure constructed and arranged to support a chuck assembly. The holding structure at least partially constitutes a wall of said vacuum chamber. The support structure supporting or holding the chuck assembly can be coupled to a lift mechanism which can raise or lower the chuck assembly relative to the plasma source assembly. The lift mechanism can be disposed above or below the process chamber.

Abstract: A fluid-applying device for applying a fluid to a teat of a dairy animal. The fluid-applying device comprises a fluid detector for determining a fluid application pattern of the fluid on the teat of the dairy animal. The fluid detector comprises a computer loaded with comparing software for comparing the determined fluid application pattern with a previously stored reference criterion, for emitting a comparison signal which is indicative of the comparison result, and for determining the teat length, the tip of the teat, and the fluid application distance, measured from the tip of the teat, over which the fluid has been applied to the teat, and for emitting a fluid signal comprising data in relation to the determined fluid application distance. The reference criterion may be a threshold distance with which the determined fluid application distance is compared.

Abstract: A device for determining the teat positions of a dairy animal after milking. The device is provided with at least one position-measuring device for determining a position of a teat prior to the milking of the dairy animal and for emitting a position signal corresponding to the teat position. The position-measuring device generates individual teat position signals and a control unit determines on the basis of the teat position signals determined before the milking, planes of symmetry extending substantially parallel to the teats. The expected positions are calculated with respect to the planes of symmetry.

Abstract: An automated pet feeder is described that allows portions of pet food to be placed into cavities in a rotatable food bowl and to be made accessible to a pet at predetermined feeding times. A lid with an opening for exposing one of the cavities is positioned above the bowl. A base unit that supports the bowl is configured to rotate the bowl while the lid remains stationary and to monitor the position of the bowl. A timing mechanism controls rotation of the bowl and sequentially positions a next cavity under the opening at feeding times that may be set to occur at various time intervals or clock times that may be pre-programmed by a user. A sound system allows a user to record a voice or other sound recording that may be played at feeding times. In some embodiments, a reservoir may hold ice or an ice pack or other cooling material or apparatus to help keep the pet food fresh until it is made accessible, or the reservoir may be used to hold drinking water.

Abstract: A feeder assembly for feeding birds of all kinds is provided in three separate embodiments. The feeder assembly of each embodiment is configured to provide for the welfare of birds as they feed from the feeder assembly by allowing the birds' breasts to conform to a rim member of the feeder assembly. The feeder assembly of two embodiments also provides for a lower feed gate to provide feed into a pan member of the feeder assembly. The lower feed gate is always open and can be raised or lowered as desired. The feeder assembly of one of the embodiments also provides for an upper feed gate to provide feed into the pan member of the feeder assembly. The upper feed gate can be opened or closed, and, when open, can adjust the height at which feed flows through the upper feed gate.

Abstract: A drinker for a watering system of a poultry house comprising a housing having a side wall, a top, and a bottom defining a valve chamber having an inner surface and a floor. A valve seat is formed in the chamber above the outlet port; and a valve member received within the chamber to be movable between a first closed position and a second position opened position. A trigger pin passes through the outlet and has a head with a cavity in the top surface. The cavity has a shape different from the shape of the valve member. The drinker elements are sized such that the distance between the valve seat and the chamber floor is greater than the height of the pin head. Additionally, the valve member is sized such that when the valve member is in its closed position, the valve member is does not contact the pin head.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cage for breeding laboratory animals. The laboratory animal breeding cage can detachably couple a lid to a body of the cage in a simple manner. Further, by virtue of a double filter mounted in the lid, the laboratory animals can be bred under both positive and negative pressure. Furthermore, by virtue of a double safety valve, the inside and the outside of the cage can be doubly air-blocked. The cage can be conveniently washed an managed, the cause of failure is eliminated and a life span of the cage is lengthened, and the efficiency in breeding and controlling the laboratory animals are enhanced.

Abstract: An animal isolation and caging system which maximizes cage density within a ventilated rack is provided. The rack includes at least one air exhaust plenum, and at least one canopy disposed within the rack for ventilation of the cages housed in a rack system. The rack is capable of supporting a first cage within the rack below a first canopy, and also positioning a second cage below a second canopy. The filter top of the first cage provided by the invention also provides a filter retainer having a filter top retainer wall designed to be in contact with a first canopy unit forming an enclosed space so configured as to create an enclosed space from which the animal isolation and caging system of the invention creates a zone of negative pressure so as to permit air to be drawn into an air exhaust plenum or duct from the interior of the first cage through the top of the first cage.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a novel behavioral monitoring system useful for the analysis of complex behaviors in a number of animal species. The monitoring systems of this invention allow continuous monitoring of feeding, drinking and movement of animals with high temporal and spatial resolution. In certain embodiments, teh system comprises an enclosure comprising: an animal position indicator; a food consumption indicator; and a fluid consumption indicator, where the system reports behavioral data at a temporal resolution of 20 seconds or lower.

Abstract: Squeaking dog toys, some of a type including a rope and others not including a rope, include a biting object with an interior cavity and a tough tennis-ball-like outer surface, the biting object having at least one squeaker device within the cavity. The squeaker device within the cavity is either flush-mounted at the outer surface of the biting object or is entirely enclosed therein. Some embodiments are tug toys in which a rope is secured to the biting object. The biting object preferably has a tennis-ball-like outer surface and is most preferably a tennis ball.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to confine and constrain an animal or human subject to a specific area has the capability to change the borders of the restraint area remotely to maximize an area's utility. A collar or support is placed on the subject; the collar carries an electronic module to receive and send signals and to activate a restraining or feedback mechanism. In its simplest form, the collar receives and transmits Global Positioning System (GPS) data to be matched against a preset group of boundary coordinates. The system of the present invention utilizes GPS location technology to define the boundary. When the input matches the boundary coordinates set into the receiver, an impulse is delivered to the subject or wearer. This impulse becomes increasingly severe as the wearer moves farther away from the boundary point. Upon return to the boundary location the impulse ceases and, as long as the wearer stays within the boundaries, no further impulse is imparted.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a gas-fired hot water heater comprises a top wall which is defined by a bottom wall of an inner tank. A flue extends through the inner tank bottom wall. A circumferential skirt is disposed about the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is supported elevated from a support surface by a bottom pan assembly of a hot water heater housing. A combustion air inlet means leads to the combustion chamber. A floor shield is supported above the bottom wall and spaced below a gas burner assembly. The circumferential skirt and/or the floor shield are coated on at least one surface thereof with refractory paint to reflect radiant heat inwardly in the combustion chamber whereby to maximize heat transferred to the inner tank and to minimize heat loss through the skirt and floor shield.

Abstract: A method for controlling at least one engine cooling fan for a compression ignition internal combustion, the method includes turning on the at least one cooling fan when an intake manifold air temperature is equal to or greater than a predetermined turn-on threshold temperature for a predetermined turn-on time, and turning off the at least one cooling fan when the intake manifold air temperature is equal to or less than a predetermined turn-off threshold temperature for a predetermined turn-off time, wherein the predetermined turn-on threshold temperature is greater than the predetermined turn-off threshold temperature.

Abstract: In a coolant recovery system of a vehicle, a coolant reservoir is connected at its upper portion to a radiator by a first pressure cap and a first ventilation hose, and to an engine by a second ventilation hose that is provided with a check valve thereon.

Abstract: Cooling of existing air cooled engines uses fins and air flow essentially perpendicular to the axis of piston travel. By orienting the fins and air flow to be largely parallel to the axis of piston travel, far superior cooling can be achieved. The air flows thru grooves of relatively constant cross section for the entire flow path. All parts of the fins are reached about equally by the passing air. Both features contribute to improved heat conduction into the cooling air. Because air velocity over the fins is reasonably constant everywhere, less power is required to force the air thru the fin structure. Since the cooling power is ultimately taken from the engine output, this results in greater power being available to do productive work.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotary piston machine comprising a housing which is provided with a cylindrical inner wall and at least one piston which is disposed inside said housing and rotates around a longitudinal central axis of the housing while moving back and forth in a linear manner by means of a control mechanism so as to periodically enlarge and reduce the size of at least one chamber that is associated with the piston. Linear movement of the at least one piston occurs parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the housing.

Abstract: A control device switches an engine between normal operation mode and special operation mode. In the normal operation mode, an independent cylinder configuration is formed to produce combustion independently in individual cylinders. In the special operation mode, a two-cylinder interconnect configuration is formed so that burned gas discharged from preceding cylinders currently in an exhaust stroke is introduced into following cylinders currently in an intake stroke through intercylinder gas channels, a lean mixture having a high air-fuel ratio is combusted in the preceding cylinders, and a mixture produced by supplying fuel to the burned gas is combusted in the following cylinders.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system is provided that includes an engine valve that is movable between a first position where the engine valve prevents a flow of fluid and a second position where the engine valve allows a flow of fluid. A cam assembly is operatively connected to the engine valve to move the engine valve between the first position and the second position in a predetermined actuation pattern. A valve actuator having a piezo electric device is operable to change the movement of the engine valve from the predetermined actuation pattern. A controller is adapted to control the piezo electric device to achieve a desired valve actuation pattern.

Abstract: The valve drive apparatus of the invention comprises an exhaust valve drive mechanism capable of changing an open/close timing of an exhaust valve, and a control device which controls the exhaust valve drive apparatus so as to release the exhaust valve during an intake stroke, independently of an exhaust stroke, in an EGR mode. Preferably, the exhaust valve drive mechanism comprises a first exhaust cam which defines the exhaust valve releasing timing and the amount of valve lift in the exhaust stroke, and a second exhaust cam which defines the exhaust valve releasing timing and the amount of valve lift during the intake stroke. In an normal mode, the displacement of the first exhaust cam is transmitted to the exhaust valve, and in the EGR mode, the displacement of the second exhaust cam is transmitted to the exhaust valve, in addition to the displacement of the first exhaust cam.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism has a switching mechanism for transmitting cam displacement to a first rocker arm from a second rocker arm. A camshaft is disposed obliquely above a rocker shaft. A first abutting portion and a second abutting portion are disposed in a dead space between an upper side of the rocker shaft and a side of the camshaft. The first abutting portion rotationally displaces in a rotational direction of rocker arms together with the first rocker arm. The second abutting portion rotationally displaces together with the second locker arm. The second abutting portion abuts on the first abutting portion from a rotating direction of rocker arms. In the switching mechanism thus configured, displacement of the second rocker arm is transmitted to the first rocker arm with reduced stress burden.

Abstract: The invention concerns a drive for valve drive operating control systems in motor vehicles, preferably for camshaft adjusters, comprising at least one drive wheel (2) and functional parts, such as a cover (3), a stator (6), a closing ring (4), and a sealing ring (28), as well as at least one rotor (7). It is suggested that the drive wheel (2) and at least one of the functional parts (3 through 6) are produced in a single part from a high-resistant, non-metallic material.

Abstract: A supply switching valve (140) can selectively switch the communication between a supply path (104) and a retard supply path (110) and the communication between the supply path (104) and an advance supply path (120). Check valves (111, 121) are arranged in the retard supply path (110) and the advance supply path (120), respectively. The check valves (111, 121) allow the working oil to be supplied from an oil pump (102) to each oil pressure chamber and prohibit the reverse flow of the working oil from each oil pressure chamber to the oil pump (102). A discharge switching valve (150) is configured independently of the supply switching valve (140) and can selectively switch the communication between a retard discharge path (130) and a discharge path (134) and the communication between an advance discharge path (132) and the discharge path (134).

Abstract: In a hydraulic camshaft adjuster for an internal combustion engine including a hydraulic operating unit for adjusting the angular position of the camshaft relative to a camshaft drive by way of a hydraulic control valve with a valve housing in which a control piston is disposed for controlling the supply of hydraulic fluid to, and its removal from, the hydraulic operating unit and to which hydraulic fluid is supplied from the camshaft by way of a pressure channel which is formed into the valve housing so as to extend along the outer surface thereof and a sleeve tightly surrounds at least the part of the valve housing which includes the channel for tightly covering the channel.

Abstract: A return spring is constituted of a torsion spring, a spring part is held at a position different from that of a shaft part of a flyweight, and a free end portion of the return spring is hooked to a slide unit of the flyweight. The position of transmission of an urging force to be transmitted from the return spring to the flyweight is different between an angle-closing side and an extending and opening side. By tuning the shape of the slide unit, the position of protrusion of a spring fixing pivot, or the like, the distance from the shaft part to a contact point of the free end portion when the flyweight is located at the angle-closing position is set to be larger than the distance from the shaft part to the contact point of the free end portion when the flyweight is located at the extending and opening position.

Abstract: An air cleaner housing includes an upper case, a partition wall and a lower case. The inside thereof is partitioned into an upper, filtered side and a lower unfiltered side. Intake funnel pipes, connected to front and rear cylinders, project into the filtered side. An air cleaner element is provided on the front side relative to a hollow plenum above the intake funnel pipes. Inlets in side surfaces of the unfiltered side face toward a V bank of the engine. During use, air enters the bottom of the housing, and is cleaned by the air cleaner element. The clean air flows through the filtered side of the housing, into the intake funnel pipes and toward the cylinders on the lower side. A raised portion is formed on the front upper side of the upper case, and the air cleaner element is disposed inside the raised portion.

Abstract: A tunable intake manifold extends between a plenum and an intake of an internal combustion engine. A manifold housing defines an interior and a runner wall extending through the interior. A slider extends through the interior and slidably engages the manifold housing. The slider defines a slider wall cooperative with the runner wall to form a runner for transporting air therethrough. The runner defines a cross section. A drive assembly is operatively coupled between the manifold housing and the slider to move the slider transversely along the manifold housing to change the defined cross section of the runner such that the volume of air passing therethrough changes with the movement of the slider.

Abstract: The invention entails a handle for a pull-rope starter of a drive motor, especially of a chain saw. The invention includes at least one handle section, at least one fastening section for a starter rope, and a damping for smoothing out force peaks produced in the handle during the starting of the drive motor. The damping is arranged in the handle section.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly for use in a piston of a diesel engine includes a combustion chamber defined intersecting a crown of the piston, the combustion chamber being defined by a concave surface in cooperation with three convex surfaces, adjacent surfaces having direct smooth junctures. A piston and a method of forming a combustion chamber are further included.

Abstract: An engine having a rotary member and a first linear member includes a first axis about which the rotary member rotates and a second axis coupling the rotary member to an offset rotary element. The first linear member is coupled to the offset rotary element by a first coupling. The second linear member is coupled at one end to the offset rotary element by the first coupling and at an opposite end to a housing. The first linear member moves back and forth in lateral fashion from a first position to a second position. The lateral movement of the first linear member causing continuous rotational movement of the rotary member in one direction.

Abstract: A fan shroud is provided having upper and lower sections. The sections are designed to mateably engage one another at mating flanges so as to form an air passage between a fan and a cooling module of the vehicle. The upper section of shroud includes an aspirator portal in an upper surface thereof. An aspirator is provided having an air intake and an air outlet. The aspirator is supported in the lower section of the shroud proximal to the fan with the air outlet facing the fan. An engine intake air pre-cleaner unit having an air intake, an aspirator port, and an air exhaust is mounted to the shroud by aligning mounting tabs on the pre-cleaner with mounting bosses on the shroud so that the aspirator port is disposed in proximity to the aspirator portal in the upper section of shroud. One end of an aspirator hose is connected to the aspirator port of the pre-cleaner and passes through the aspirator portal. The other end of the aspirator hose is connected to the air intake of the aspirator.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders each having intake and exhaust valves and at least one camshaft timed to operate the valves with a high performance fixed overlap. Each camshaft has a cam phaser controlled to equally vary the intake and exhaust valve timing for superior full throttle performance over the engine speed range; Valve deactivation mechanisms operate to deactivate up to half the cylinders during idle and light load operation for increasing fuel efficiency and emission control and maintaining stable operation of the operating cylinders. The engine may also be started with half the cylinders cut out and then run with stable operation in this mode during idle and light load because the increased load on the operating cylinders gives stable operation with an increased valve overlap permitting increased performance and emission control at higher load operation on all the cylinders.

Abstract: Provided herein are a drive apparatus that includes an internal combustion engine capable of operating with a high expansion ratio by reducing an effective compression ratio through advancement of an intake valve closing timing, and a control method of the drive apparatus, and a motor vehicle equipped with the apparatus and method. The drive apparatus further includes a torque output device capable of outputting a torque to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine. Upon a command to stop operation of the internal combustion engine, the apparatus controls the driving of the torque output device so that the internal combustion engine stops at a target stop position which is set outside a region that leads to an increased compression ration in an initial compression stroke when the internal combustion engine is next stated.

Abstract: In intake air control apparatus method for an internal combustion engine, the engine comprising variably operated valve means for making at least one of an operating angle of an intake valve and a valve lift thereof variable, a determination is made on whether a deceleration fuel supply cutoff condition to cutoff the fuel supply to the engine is established, a fuel supply cutoff control is carried out when the deceleration fuel supply cutoff condition is established, and at least one of the operating angle of intake valve and the valve lift thereof is reduced by means of the variably operated valve mechanism to a predetermined extreme minimal value before the fuel supply cutoff control is started in a state in which the deceleration fuel supply cutoff condition is established.

Abstract: A multi-stage air throttle valve assembly is provided for use in a multiple cylinder engine. The valve assembly provides a series of shiftable valve plates to provide full, maximum opening of air ports having passageways therethrough for introduction of air into the combustion cylinders of the engine. By use of two or more such sliding plates, the port size through the assembly may be maximized for enhanced volumetric entry of air into the combustion chambers. A combined reed valve assembly, fuel injectors and/or an air velocity assembly with engine are also disclosed.

Abstract: In an air intake assembly, a portion of an inner peripheral wall of an intake funnel pipe is provided as a pivotally movable blocking body, so that when unthrottled, an inner wall surface of the blocking body is flush with the inner peripheral wall of the funnel pipe. The blocking body has a substantially trianglular outline shape, the apex of which is positioned on top when viewed along the axis of the support shaft. The support shaft is positioned at the apex of the blocking body, and allows pivotal movement of the blocking body, on the downstream side thereof, to allow adjustment of the rate of air flow through the funnel pipe. The blocking body within the funnel pipe of an air intake assembly allows a smooth flow of air therepast when actuated to throttle the air intake channel, and does not obstruct the air intake channel when inactive.

Abstract: A control for controlling an intake air into an engine is provided. A control valve for adjusting an amount of the intake air into the engine is provided. A desired opening degree of a control valve provided in an intake air passage into the engine is determined based on a clogging coefficient. The clogging coefficient indicates a degree of clogging of the intake air passage. An opening degree of the control valve is controlled to converge to the desired opening degree. The clogging coefficient is updated based on a feedback correction amount for feedback controlling a rotational speed of the engine during idling operation. If a leakage in a blow-by gas passage that is connected between the engine and the intake air passage is detected, the update of the clogging coefficient is prohibited.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning incipient build-up of commutation byproducts from the commutators and brushes of a DC motor actuator for an air intake valve on an internal combustion engine. A controller for controlling the position of the intake air control valve is programmed via an algorithm to force the air control valve, abruptly and rapidly, to its open and/or closed position at least once at predetermined times in the engine's operating cycle, preferably immediately after engine shutdown. Such abrupt and rapid motion of the motor breaks loose such incipient build-up and thereby maintains the motor actuator at a high power output.

Abstract: To offer a fuel supply system and fuel supply method for direct injection engine that realizes higher output. In a fuel supply system for direct injection engine of the present invention, equipped with a primary fuel injector that injects fuel directly into the cylinder of the direct injection engine and supercharger that increase the intake air quantity of the engine, a secondary fuel injector is installed in addition to the primary fuel injector. In a specified engine load area, fuel is supplied using the primary fuel injector and secondary fuel injector. Even though the fuel quantity injected from the primary fuel injector into the cylinder is limited, the fuel supply system for direct injection engine constructed as above can increase the engine output because the fuel insufficiency can be supplied by the secondary fuel injector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for detecting a closing of a solenoid. The system includes a capacity charge circuit electrically coupled to the solenoid. The capacity charge circuit conditions the current flow through the solenoid to increase the current in response to the closing of the solenoid. The invention also relates to a system and method that includes detecting a current through the solenoid and determining a current slope characteristic. The current slope characteristic is a function of the current and time. The method also includes conditioning an electrical characteristic of the solenoid such that the conditioning is in response to a current slope parameter. The current slope parameter defines a change in the current after removal of an electrical charge to the solenoid.

Abstract: A mounting device for attaching a fuel injector both to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and to a fuel distribution line, includes two spring tongues which are insertable into a holding groove of the fuel injector or the fuel distribution line. A distance between the tips of the spring tongues is smaller than the largest diameter of the opening surface enclosed by them, and the spring tongues are radially elastically displaced with respect to an axis of the fuel injector. At least two spring elements, elastically displaced in the axial direction with respect to the spring tongues by either tensile or compressive forces, are formed and are axially non-positively, detachably connectable to the opposite fuel injector or the fuel distribution line via a catch connection.

Abstract: An injector for directly injecting fuel into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine having a socket. The injector is provided with a nozzle insertable into the socket. An annular gap is defined between the nozzle and the socket when the nozzle is received in the socket. A first seal groove, formed in the nozzle, receives a first gas seal that seals the annular gap. A second seal groove, formed in the nozzle, receives a second gas seal that seals the annular gap. The second seal groove is formed closer to the distal end of the nozzle than the first seal groove. The depth of the second seal groove is greater than that of the first seal groove. This structure prevents the formation of deposits and maintains the sealing capability of the gas seals without lowering installation and maintenance efficiency.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention enhance the starting performance of an engine from an automatic stoppage state, in a vehicle with an automatic engine stopping and starting system mounted thereon. In an embodiment, an engine start judging unit detects the presence or absence of a vehicle starting operation on the basis of the status of a throttle switch in an automatic stoppage state of an engine, and, when the seating of the driver is confirmed based on the status of a seat switch, the engine is started. A basic injection amount calculating unit calculates a basic fuel injection amount Ti on the basis of engine parameters such as the engine cooling water temperature TW and the engine speed Ne. An injection amount increasing unit performs a control to increase the fuel injection amount at the time of starting the engine from the automatic stoppage state of the engine, based on the throttle opening detected by a throttle sensor.

Abstract: A carburetor arrangement of a portable handheld work apparatus includes a carburetor (1) which is fixed to a motor housing (4) of the work apparatus by elastic support elements (2, 3). A warm air channel (5) is provided for conducting warmed air (6) to the carburetor (1). At least one part of the warm air channel (5) runs through at least one support element (2, 3).

Abstract: An engine carburetor freeze-proof apparatus that is compact in structure to minimize its impact upon the arrangement of member parts of the vehicle and lowers production cost by providing a pipe to the engine to connect a heating joint of the carburetor; combustion blow-by from the engine enters through the heating joint into a heating passage of the carburetor to heat up the carburetor thus to prevent it from being frozen, then the blow-by being discharged through an output pipe tube from the carburetor to be reclaimed by an air filter.

Abstract: A supercharging assembly increases an amount of air received through an inlet port of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle has a hood extending thereover. The supercharging assembly includes a lower intake manifold fixedly secured to the internal combustion engine. A blower is operatively connected to the lower intake manifold for forcing air into the lower intake manifold with increased pressure to create charged air. An inlet duct is operatively connected between the inlet port and the blower for directing air into the blower. An output plate is fixedly secured to the lower intake manifold. The output plate mounts the blower to the lower intake manifold. The output plate includes a recessed portion extending down from the lower intake manifold such that the blower is mounted to the recess portion to provide clearance for the hood to move to a closed position over the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a method for determining an exhaust gas recirculation amount for an internal combustion engine having a cylinder with an intake duct and an exhaust duct, wherein an outer exhaust recirculation amount is determined from an exhaust gas temperature, a fresh gas temperature, a fresh gas amount and an inner exhaust gas recirculation amount, and wherein the inner exhaust gas recirculation amount takes the combustion gas amount into consideration which during a charge change remains in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A capacitor discharge ignition device is provided with a capacitor for storing charge to produce ignition energy; ignition coils that receive charge released from the capacitor on the primary side and generate a high voltage on the secondary side; a switching element for causing the capacitor to release the charge stored therein to the ignition coils; ignition timing control means that receives a signal corresponding to a crank angle of an internal combustion engine and supplies an ignition signal to the switching element; and circuit abnormality detecting means that receives a signal from the ignition timing control means, sets a capacitor voltage measurement time, and judges for a circuit abnormality on the basis of a voltage of the capacitor measured at the capacitor voltage measurement time.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for a sealed fuel tank system which is applied to an engine including a throttle valve provided in an intake pipe, and which includes a vaporized fuel supply pipe that connects a fuel tank and the intake pipe, and a control valve that opens and closes the vaporized fuel supply pipe. The control apparatus includes a controller which maintains the control valve in an open state on the condition that a pressure in the fuel tank is equal to or higher than a reference determination pressure; and corrects an opening amount of the throttle valve to a value equal to a first control opening amount that is smaller than a required opening amount set based on an operating state of the engine by a first correction opening amount when the control valve is in the open state.