Abstract: A lower sash made of resin comprising a scraper for suppressing or preventing entry of the foreign substances itself as means for suppressing or preventing generation of noise is provided. The lower sash made of resin comprising a substantially channel-structured frame extending along a direction in which a window glass ascends and descends, the frame comprising wings provided upright on both sides of a base, and glass guides provided in opposition to the wings each other, and further comprising a scraper is provided at an upper end of the frame to come into sliding contact with an outer surface of the descending window glass.

Abstract: A wiper assembly for use in vehicles is provided, including a shaft which is connected to a driving motor via a linkage and rotated by the driving motor, an arm head including a shaft hole into which the shaft is inserted, an arm having one end combined with the arm head by a rotating shaft and rotatable about the rotating shaft and the other end combined with a wiper blade which wipes a window of a vehicle, a locking member which is supported by the arm head and movable between a locking location where the locking member is locked in the shaft so that the shaft cannot be separated from the shaft hole of the arm head and an unlocking location where the locking member is unlocked from the shaft so that the shaft can be separated from the shaft hole of the arm head, and a locking member moving unit which moves in gear with a rotation of the arm so as to move the locking member between the locking location and the unlocking location.

Abstract: A floor care appliance is provided with a microprocessor based control arrangement having a communications port for connection to a computer. Once connected to a computer, software updates for the microprocessor may be downloaded or diagnostic information stored in the microprocessor's memory may be uploaded for diagnostic purposes. In one embodiment of the invention, the communication port is configured to be connected to a local computer for possible further connection to a remote computer over a computer or telephone network. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the communication port is configured to connect to and dial up a remote computer over a telephone network.

Abstract: In a self-directed dust cleaner with surveiling function, when an object sensor senses existence of an object supposed as an intruder, a main controller controls that a driving apparatus to rotate a movable body to orient a lens of an imaging apparatus to the object. The imaging apparatus takes a picture image including the object, and an image data outputted from the imaging apparatus is transmitted to a telephone communication apparatus via a wireless LAN and a LAN cable. The telephone communication apparatus calls a mobile equipment of a user so as to transmit the image data taken by the imaging apparatus. Judgment whether unusual situation such as an intruder has occurred or not is entrusted to the user, so that an algorithm executed in the main controller becomes simple.

Abstract: An electric scrubber includes a housing, an electric motor mounted within a housing, a pair of scrubbing blocks mounted to the housing for rotation about a common axis, and a torque transmission transmitting torque from the electric motor to the scrubbing blocks in such manner that the scrubbing blocks rotate simultaneously in mutually opposite directions about the common axis.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for cleaning a surface in which cleaning solution is distributed to the surface and substantially simultaneously extracted along with the dirt on the surface in a continuous operation as it moves along the surface is provided. The cleaning apparatus includes a housing and a liquid distribution system operatively associated with the housing. The liquid distribution system includes a fluid source providing a supply of the cleaning solution and a distributor fluidly connected to the fluid source for distributing the cleaning solution to the surface. A liquid recovery system is operatively associated with the housing and includes a suction nozzle and a recovery tank removably mounted to the housing and in fluid communication with the suction nozzle. A suction source is in fluid communication with the suction nozzle for applying suction to draw the cleaning solution and dirt from the surface through the suction nozzle and into the recovery tank.

Abstract: An improved floor care appliance if provided. The floor care appliance comprises a base for movement along the surface attached to a housing. The floor care appliance has two liquid storage tanks located in the housing wherein one of the liquid storage tanks generally overlies the other liquid storage tank. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid storage tank located above the other liquid storage tank is a cleaning solution storage tank and the other liquid storage tank is a liquid recovery tank.

Abstract: A hose holder includes a frame comprising first and second opposed cradles for supporting a vacuum hose wrapped thereabout. The frame is suitably sized for supporting long hoses, for example in the order of 35 feet or more, of the type typically associated with a central vacuuming system. The frame includes first and second clamp members for securement at spaced positions along the rigid pipe typically attached to the vacuum head in the central vacuuming system.

Abstract: The present invention is a floor care appliance having a filter member that has one portion being cleaned at all times. The filter is utilized for separating fine particles from a dirt laden airstream that has been previously cleaned of larger particles. The hollow interior of the filter is divided radially into equally sized elongated portions. The filter is rotated so that one elongated portion of the filter is rotated past a port located at one end of the filter which introduces reverse airflow through the filter to clean the surface of the filter. The entire filter is cleaned with each complete revolution of the filter.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner mouthpiece with a comb disposed in the top of the mouth of the mouthpiece and covering a relatively small part of the mouth and a filter for combating head lice and other vermin as well as removing dandruff from the scalp. The mouthpiece is provided with a flexible connection, where even long hair may be suspended sufficiently tight, elastic and open in the suction stream inside the mouthpiece and possibly into the connecting tube of the vacuum cleaner. Under the edge of the tooth points of the comb, the mouth inclines rearwards and downwards, so that the comb may tilt down into the hair so that the entire suction action is concentrated in the tooth interspaces during the combing. At both sides of the rearwards inclining part of the mouth is provided a combing support which is simultaneously a tilt axis. Inside the connection between mouthpiece and connecting tube is attached a readily detachable filter.

Abstract: A suction port assembly of a vacuum cleaner is connected with a cleaner body by an extended flow passage and draws in air and dust from a surface being cleaned when the cleaner is in operation. The suction port assembly includes a suction head having a suction hole formed at a bottom surface opposite to the surface being cleaned. A first connection member extends from one side of the suction head. A second connection member rotatably connects at one end to an exit end of the first connection member and rotates about a first axis to move upwardly and downwardly with respect to the suction head, and at the other end is connected with the extended flow passage. A third connection member engages the second connection member with one end rotatable about a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis, and the other end disengageably connected to the extended flow passage.

Abstract: A locking unit of a brush assembly for use with a vacuum cleaner has a release preventing member so that if the brush assembly accidentally falls, the release preventing member conveniently keeps upper and lower housings of the assembly assembled. The brush assembly includes the upper and lower housings. A connector is secured in one of the upper and lower housings and is adapted to direct air in the upper and lower housings towards a suction force generator of the vacuum cleaner. A locking unit rotates on the connector to open and sealingly close the upper and the lower housings. The release preventing member is formed between the connector and the locking unit to prevent release of the locking unit.

Abstract: A hubless caster assembly includes a caster body and at least one wheel, the wheel comprising a toroidal member having a bearing race, and a complementary bearing race supported by the caster body. Bearing elements in the races support the wheel in free rotation. The caster body may comprise a ring body having an axial opening, whereby the caster assembly has a large central aperture extending entirely therethrough. A centering ring may be secured in the axial opening with the complementary bearing race formed therein. A hub cap with visual treatment may be secured over the central aperture.

Abstract: A hinge connecting a first member and a second member in an openable and closable manner to each other, which is composed of a case body having a rotation arresting means on an outer periphery thereof, inserted into and arrested at one of cylindrical mounting portions of the first member and the second member; a shaft mounted by passing axially through a center portion of the case body with an end portion side thereof being arrested at the case body; a slide key mounted on the other end portion of the shaft in a manner constrained rotation and in an axially slidable manner, having an arresting portion at an end portion thereof; an outer cam having a rotation arresting means on an outer periphery thereof and inserted into and arrested at one of the other cylindrical mounting portions of the first member and the second member, accommodating the slide key inside thereof in axially slidable manner and provided in a manner constrained rotation by the shaft; an inner cam accommodated in an axially slidable manner i

Abstract: A hinge structure including a universal adapter located toward one end of and for allowing the hinge structure to be pivotally connected to different stationary brackets having differing pivot axes. The universal adapter defines multiple openings disposed in spaced, generally parallel relation relative to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus providing an adjustable hinge configured for a fence post and gate assembly of a fence. The adjustable hinge includes a first bracket operable to be secured to a first portion of the fence and a second bracket operable to be secured to a second portion of the fence. The adjustable hinge also includes a vertical adjustment component, a horizontal adjustment component, a hinge barrel and a collar. The vertical adjustment component is operably coupled to the first bracket and the horizontal adjustment component is operably coupled to the second bracket. The hinge barrel is operable to be rotatably coupled to the vertical adjustment component and the horizontal adjustment component. The collar is operable to be rotatably coupled to the horizontal adjustment component and is operably coupled to the second bracket.

Abstract: Caster assemblies and a method of operating a caster assembly is provided. In some aspects, the caster assembly includes a housing, a plate movably positioned within the housing between a retracted position and an extended position, the plate in the extended position being parallel to the plate in the retracted position, a caster wheel rotatably coupled to the plate, and a cam arm pivotally coupled to the housing, the cam arm is pivotable to cam against the plate to move the plate from its retracted position to its extended position. In some aspects, the caster assembly includes a housing, a plate movable within the housing and having two ends, a caster wheel rotatably coupled to the plate, and a cam arm pivotally coupled to the housing to pivot relative to the housing, the cam arm cams against the plate to move the two ends of the plate vertically downward relative to the housing.

Abstract: The invention provides a portable safety handle that temporarily attaches to wood pilings for use in the entering or exiting of docked boats. The safety handle is preferably constructed from plastic having a front surface for engaging a wood piling and back surface that is sized to prevent a persons hand from touching the wood directly and includes a handgrip for support of the person during boat entry and exit. The safety handle is temporarily secured to a wood piling by a pair of straps adapted to extend around a piling.

Abstract: A buckle achieves improved strap tensile strength by providing a bridge portion, about which a free end of a buckle strap is wrapped in tension, with an inwardly projecting concave surface to create a greater deformation of the strap under tension. The buckle also includes at least one strengthening cross rib on the bridge portion and a strap receiving inset with a concave shaped pocket to improve the strap tensile strength. Furthermore, the buckle includes a bendable retainer element with an inwardly directed clamping tab near its free moving end to retain a portion of the strap within the buckle.

Abstract: A plastic clip comprising two jaws united at one end by a hinge permitting them to swing between open and closed positions. The hinge may suitably be of the box type including a hinge blade associated with one jaw that is mounted between opposed cheeks associated with the other jaw by a hinge pin received in an elongated bearing opening in the cheeks, and along which the pin may travel to adjust the nip of the jaws. A spring latch at the opposite end of the jaws preferably permits a plurality of latching positions so as to permit the nip of the jaws at that end to be varied. The elongated bearing opening may permit the assembly of the jaws even where the box structure is relatively rigid and where the pin is integrally formed with the hinge blade.

Abstract: A seat attaching means for connecting a non-rigid push chair seat to a push chair frame said attaching means including an elongate member, attachable to at least one of the side edges of the seat, and the seat attaching means including a corresponding groove in the frame, into which the elongate member is inserted. The elongate member includes a planar part and an enlarged part, the planar part being attachable along at least one of the side edges of the seat and the enlarged part being insertable in the corresponding groove in the frame. The elongate member is insertable in a first corresponding groove in the frame and in a second corresponding groove in the frame, the first and second corresponding grooves being separated by a hinge. The first and second grooves are co-linear.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clip for retaining a first conduit to a second conduit, the first conduit including a first connector and the second conduit including a second connector. The first connector is releasably connected to the second connector. The clip comprises a base portion and a first clip portion extending away from the base portion. The first clip portion has a first opening that is sized to frictionally retain the first connector. The clip further comprises a second clip portion disposed, on the base portion away from the first clip portion. The second clip portion includes a second opening that is sized to frictionally retain the second connector. A method for securing a first conduit to a second conduit by attaching a clip to the first conduit and the second conduit is also provided.

Abstract: Stretched polymeric films can be used in a variety of applications, including optical applications. The stretching conditions and shape of the stretching tracks in a stretching apparatus can determine or influence film properties. Methods and stretching apparatuses can include adjustable or zone-defined stretching regions.

Abstract: A method of memorializing a deceased comprises providing a common base, the base including a cremation remains compartment therein and being adapted to have secured thereto a figurine; providing a plurality of figurines, the figurines adapted to be interchangeably secured to the common base; selecting one figurine from the plurality of figurines for securement to the common base; securing the selected figurine to the common base; and placing cremation remains of the deceased in the cremation remains compartment of the common base.

Abstract: A steamatory is used to prepare a body for burial. A chamber has a door for accepting the body. A tray is partially removable from the chamber through the door. A plurality of steam ports are connected to an interior surface of the chamber. A steam generator provides steam to the plurality of steam ports within the chamber. The steam injected into the chamber causes tissue of the body to separate from bone structure. The tray is made with a wire mesh having openings through which the tissue of body falls after separation from the bone structure. A funnel connected to a lower portion of the chamber channels the tissue after falling through the wire mesh of the tray to a container. The steam injected into the chamber maintains moisture content of the bone structure.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device connected to a vibration source converts vibration energy to electrical current. A plurality of pairs of oppositely polarized piezoelectric wafers deflect to produce an electrical current. Each pair of wafers are arranged back-to-back and electrically joined together. The plurality of pairs of wafers are each connected to a set of micro-machined parts. Each pair of wafers form a bimorph, configured as a cantilevered beam attached to a set of parts to form an element. Each cantilevered beam has a mass weighted first end and is fixedly attached to one or more flexible sheaths on a second end. A plurality of elements form a cell unit. A plurality of cell units form an array. The electrical current produced varies by the number of elements per cell unit, and/or with the number of cell units per array.

Abstract: An un-sintered green sheet made of first piezoelectric ceramic composite essentially including lead oxide is provided. Conductive paste made of metal essentially including Ag, second piezoelectric ceramic composite, and oxide is provided. The conductive paste partly is applied onto the green sheet. The green sheet having the conductive paste thereon is fired at a temperature lower than a melting temperature of the oxide in the conductive paste so as to sinter the green sheet, thus providing a piezoelectric ceramic device. The piezoelectric ceramic device manufactured by the method does not cause deformation or crack when the green sheet is sintered.

Abstract: A multi-layered piezoelectric device includes a plurality of piezoelectric portions and a plurality of electrodes electrically connected to the piezoelectric portions that are formed in layers on a ceramic substrate. A first piezoelectric portion is made of a piezoelectric ceramic composition containing Ni in an amount of 0.08 to 0.31% by mass (in terms of NiO), and second and upper piezoelectric portions are made of a piezoelectric ceramic composition of higher Ni content than in the first piezoelectric portion. An electrode is provided at least between the first piezoelectric portion and the second piezoelectric portion.

Abstract: An extractor tool and method of the present disclosure are provided for extracting from a recess such as a keyway a removable item such as a broken key portion of a cut key where the broken key portion includes at least one key bitting slope. The extractor tool of the present disclosure includes a handle member; and a tool member having a first end for connecting to the handle member, and a second and distal end for inserting into the keyway containing the broken key portion. The second and distal end includes a contoured jaw section contoured for following the at least one key bitting slope on the broken key portion and for maximizing a contact area between the contoured jaw section and the key bitting slope.

Abstract: A pipe joining tool including a mounting bracket for releasable attachment to a pipe. The mounting bracket has a U-shaped platform with an intermediate portion for engaging a pipe and a pair of slotted end portions extending from the opposite ends of the intermediate portion in a substantially parallel manner. A wedge slidably extends through the slots in the end portions for driving a pipe positioned within the U-shaped platform into tight engagement with the intermediate portion. A flexible link is secured to the mounting bracket and extends therefrom. A pipe fitting keeper is carried by the flexible link for releasably grasping a pipe fitting and suspending the pipe fitting adjacent the end of a pipe positioned within the U-shaped platform. A pair of spaced apart legs projects forwardly from the intermediate portion of the U-shaped platform. Each of the spaced apart legs has an internally threaded bore within which is positioned a bolt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for joining at least two components, which overlap at least in part, in a mechanical joining process without prepunching and with the aid of a deformable auxiliary joining element, and to the auxiliary joining element itself; said auxiliary joining element is pressed into the components to be joined by an upper tool that is displaced against an essentially flat lower tool at least with an axial advancing movement, and these components are joined to one another under plastic deformation of said components as well as of said auxiliary joining element.

Abstract: A tableware washer comprises: a case that forms an appearance; a tub arranged in the case with a washing space; a rack mounted in the tub and on which tableware is laid; an arm positioned in the tub, for spraying introduced washing water upon tableware; a sump case mounted at a lower surface of the tub and forming an accommodation space of washing water; a first conduit connected to the arm, for spraying washing water accommodated in the sump case into the tub through the arm; a main motor mounted at a lower surface of the sump case, for generating a rotational driving force; and an impeller positioned in the sump case and connected to the main motor by a rotational shaft penetrated along an up-down direction, for pumping washing water into the tub through the first conduit. The tableware washer occupies a small installation space by a compact construction, and a usage amount of washing water is decreased.

Abstract: A shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus is provided that includes at least one outer conduit and at least one inner conduit disposed within the outer conduit. Preferably, the shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus further includes at least one shrouded end fitting disposed at an end of the shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus and at least one support member engaged with the inner and outer conduits. The shrouded end fitting allows the shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus to be engaged with an additional shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus. The support member allows for the transfer of loads from the inner and/or outer conduits to one or more components external to the shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus. Accordingly, the shrouded fluid-conducting apparatus may be used to transport fuel through an aircraft “ignition zone” in an FAA-compliant manner.

Abstract: In step S5, the pressing force of a rotating tool is maintained at a first pressing force. Namely, the frictional heat due to the rotation of the rotating tool is generated on a surface of an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is softened by this frictional heat. Accordingly, the centering of a pin portion of the rotating tool can be attained surely. Thus, even if the pin of the rotating tool is short, a stable joining position can be obtained, so that the aluminum material can be prevented from being accumulated on the rotating tool, the appearance of joining surfaces can be prevented from deteriorating, and the sufficient joining strength can be obtained as well.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling motorcycle frames includes a conveyor defining a path of travel and at least one pallet movable along the conveyor through at least one workstation. The pallet supports at least one rotatable frame for receiving individual components and/or sub-assemblies in fixed relationship with respect to one another in a geometry fixture. The angular position of the rotatable frame and supported geometry fixture can be reoriented about an axis of rotation by engagement with a drive motor. The rotatable frame is normally locked in an angular orientation with respect to the pallet until released by engagement with a lock release actuator or key. The pallet is supported on a movable section of the conveyor. The movable section of the conveyor is operable in response to actuation of a drive motor.

Abstract: A method and article of manufacture for an automotive grille facing. Tracks or grooves are formed in the fins of a radiator grille on the exterior side of the grille. The track is adapted to receive an insert having a bead that fits within the groove.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of lattice fins for fluid-born bodies is provided. In one embodiment, lattice fins having a metallic cell structure are manufactured from strips or sheets of metal. In another embodiment, composite lattice fins are manufactured from a log assembly of elongated mandrels covered with a fiber reinforced composite material. After curing, individual fins are sliced from the log assembly. Upon removal of the mandrels, a cell structure is obtained. Combinations of the two embodiments are also provided.

Abstract: A system for coupling conduit sections includes a coupling tool with a pair of lever arms pivotally interconnected and each mounting a clamp assembly. The clamp assemblies are adapted for releasably clamping the conduit sections. A coupling has a generally tubular configuration with a throughbore with multiple annular internal ribs. A coupling method includes the steps of clamping first and second conduit sections with respective clamping assemblies, placing the conduit section ends against the coupling throughbore ends, and squeezing the tool lever arms together whereby the conduit section ends are inserted into the coupling throughbore in fluid-tight sealing and pull-out resistant engagement.

Abstract: A single sheet of a metal member is pressed to form an integrally molded structure of a front, a side, and a top of a door body without any joint. In addition, the front of the door body and a concave for displaying sample products or the like are integrally produced by molding. By virtue of this constitution, a door device for a vending machine can be realized which can be easily produced and possesses excellent appearance and strength.

Abstract: Various improved methods are provided for fastening two of more steel framing members together with a fastener. In one aspect, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a tip section such that a portion of the tip section extending beyond the underside of the framing members may be outwardly flared, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members In another aspect, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a steel tip nose for piercing the framing members and a plastic stem section, such that a portion of the stem section extending beyond the underside of the framing members expands, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members. In yet another aspect, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a coil section with an elastic characteristic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for preparing an electrochemical sensor (2) enabling the sensor head (2a) thereof to be provided with an electrolyte (3) and a membrane (4). The inventive device comprises retaining means (6) for the sensor in addition to means for depositing the electrolyte (7) and means for depositing the membrane (8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to inductors with improved inductance and quality factor. In one embodiment, a magnetic thin film inductor is disclosed. In this embodiment, magnetic thin film inductor includes a plurality of elongated conducting regions and magnetic material. The plurality of elongated conducting regions are positioned parallel with each other and at a predetermined spaced distance apart from each other. The magnetic material encases the plurality of conducting regions, wherein when currents are applied to the conductors, current paths in each of the conductors cause the currents to generally flow in the same direction thereby enhancing mutual inductance.

Abstract: A pole piece of a magnetic write head is formed over a substrate and includes a pole tip having a width that is less than its height which is normal the substrate. Due to stress-anisotropy, the pole tip structure has an inherent easy-axis which is oriented in an unfavorable direction (i.e. perpendicular to the ABS and almost collinear with a driving field of the write head). To alleviate this problem, during electroplating or annealing of the pole piece a magnetic field is applied to the pole tip in a direction which is out-of-plane from the substrate but in-plane with a side wall of the pole tip which vertically projects from the substrate. By applying the magnetic field in this manner, the easy axis of the pole piece is oriented in the direction of the applied magnetic field to facilitate more efficient switching in the write head. Ideally, the angle ? is about 90° for Hexagonal-Closed Packed (HCP) materials or about 50° for Face-Centered Cubic or Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) materials (e.g. NiFe and CoFe).

Abstract: A method of forming a discrete track recording pattern in a magnetic recording disk. In one embodiment, the discrete track recording pattern may be formed in a NiP layer continuous throughout the discrete track recording pattern. Alternatively, the discrete track recording pattern may be formed in a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards increasing the conductivity of the electrical lead material in the read head portion of a magnetic head, such that thinner electrical leads can be fabricated while the current carrying capacity of the leads is maintained. This increase in electrical lead conductivity is accomplished by fabricating the electrical lead upon an epitaxially matched seed layer, such that the crystalline microstructure of the electrical lead material has fewer grain boundaries, whereby the electrical conductivity of the lead material is increased. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical lead material is comprised of Rh, which has an FCC crystal structure, and the seed layer is comprised of a metal, or metal alloy having a BCC crystal structure with unit cell lattice constant dimensions that satisfy the relationship that abcc is approximately equal to 0.816afcc. In various embodiments, the seed layer is comprised of VMo or VW.

Abstract: A crenellated resistor made from a carbonaceous material and having the shape of a hollow cylinder for use in furnaces working at high temperature. The resistor is characterized by the thickness of the cylinder walls which follows a profile determined so as to produce an even temperature on the surface of the resistor when it is working. Thus, the wall has a radial thickness which decreases in a transition section from the peripheral edge to the internal edge. The resistor configuration allows elimination of hot spots which may appear when electricity flows through the resistor.

Abstract: A punch and die apparatus and a method and apparatus for punching a capacitor electrode layer. A method includes placing a capacitor material sheet between a punch and a die, the punch guided by a punch guide, there being no stripper plate between the punch guide and the die, and actuating the punch to punch an electrode layer out of the sheet. An apparatus includes a die having a die hole, a punch guide, and a punch located within the punch guide. The punch guide and the die have a fixed distance therebetween such that there is no compression on a work piece placed between the die and the punch before the punch contacts the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and a device for coupling a PCB sheet are disclosed. If a defective PCB is found after the manufacture of continuously arranged circuit patterns, then the defective PCB sheet portion is removed to replace it with a new PCB sheet portion. That is, a defective circuit pattern sheet 2? is removed from continuously arranged circuit patterns of a first PCB sheet 4a. After removal of the defective circuit pattern sheet 2?, the first PCB sheet 4a is position-located by means of a position locating means 12. Then the space which is formed by removing the defective circuit pattern sheet 2? is filled with a second PCB sheet 4b on which a good quality circuit pattern 2b is printed. Then the first PCB sheet 4a and the second PCB sheet 4b are coupled together by using an adhesive means 14.

Abstract: A method for forming metal wires by microdispensing a pattern is disclosed. The method includes the steps of microdispensing a catalyst pattern on the substrate and forming metal wires by electroless plating. Before the step of microdispensing catalyst pattern, the surface properties of the substrate have been improved by a surface modification treatment.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method includes picking up a clip with a chuck, and, while holding the clip with the chuck, picking up an integrated circuit (IC) die with the IC die in contact with the clip.