Abstract: The inventive cosmetic cotton disc (2) exhibiting an improved effectiveness thereof for make-up removal contains or consists of discontinuous synthetic microfibres whose length is equal to or greater than 7 mm.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calibration device for the pressure of a scraping device blade, which abuts the periphery of a roller or cylinder, in particular, of a paper machine, a printing machine, a calender or the like, comprising a holding blade, a sensor holder mounted thereto, and a pressure sensor, wherein the holding blade, the sensor holder and the pressure sensor are positioned such that the position of the pressure sensor on the periphery of the roller or cylinder corresponds to the position of abutment of the blade. The invention also concerns a method for adjusting a contact pressure of a blade which abuts the periphery of a roller or cylinder, in particular of a paper machine, a printing machine, a calender or the like.

Abstract: A floor cleaning machine is provided with at least two movable squeegees to provide coverage of the liquid applied to the floor in a path with the squeegees extending beyond the outer perimeter sides of the liquid path both during straight ahead movement and during turning maneuvers. The squeegee assemblies are carried by a chassis. A floor scrubbing device is provided to apply liquid to the floor and to mix dirt on the floor with the applied liquid. A liquid pickup device is also provided to remove the applied liquid from the floor at a position adjacent to each of the squeegee assemblies.

Abstract: An airflow sensor system for monitoring air inlet airflow and air outlet airflow of a vacuum cleaner is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The airflow sensor system includes a vacuum cleaner air duct, a bypass tube connected to the air duct, and an airflow sensor positioned at least partially in the bypass tube. The airflow sensor is configured to generate a normal voltage differential range when the bypass tube airflow is within a predetermined normal airflow range, configured to generate an input blockage voltage differential range when the bypass tube airflow is greater than the predetermined normal airflow range, and further configured to generate an output blockage voltage differential range when the bypass tube airflow is less than the predetermined normal airflow range.

Abstract: A surface treating appliance, such as a vacuum cleaner, includes a main body, a surface treating head and a support assembly. The support assembly is rollably mounted to the main body for allowing the main body to be rolled along a surface. The support assembly includes a substantially continuous rolling support surface that extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the main body and is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis. The arrangement of the support surface and support assembly assists maneuverability of the appliance. The support assembly may house a component of the appliance, such as a motor, and may accommodate a fluid inlet for receiving fluid flow and a fluid outlet for exhausting fluid.

Abstract: A surface treating appliance, such as a vacuum cleaner, includes a handle, a surface treating head and a support assembly. The support assembly is rollably mounted to the main body for allowing the main body to be rolled along a surface. A linkage is provided between the main body and the surface treating head and arranged such that rotating the main body about its longitudinal axis causes the surface treating head to turn in a new direction. The support assembly may house a component of the appliance, such as a motor, and may accommodate a fluid inlet for receiving fluid flow and a fluid outlet for exhausting fluid. The handle may carry the main body of the appliance.

Abstract: An electric vacuum cleaner is equipped with a dust collection unit (20) that can be detachably installed in the air passage en route from a suction unit to an electric fan of the cleaner. The dust collection unit (20) comprises a dust collecting case (21) for accumulating dust sucked in, a lid member (32) that can be opened to discharge the accumulated dust; and a lock mechanism (clamp lever) (33) for locking the lid member 32 tightly closed. The electric vacuum cleaner is further provided with a lid opening mechanism (lid opening stick (35) for forcibly opening the lid member (32) in cooperation with the lock mechanism locking the lid member. Even when the sealing pressure of the packing is high or when the accumulated dust does not weigh on the lid member because the dust is compacted on the inner wall of the dust collecting case, the lid member can be opened without difficulty to discharge the dust, without opening it by hand. Thus, the user can avoid handling unsanitary dust.

Abstract: A light weight upright vacuum container including a cylindrical cyclonic air separation and dirt collect container with a combination shroud and pleated filter cartridge holder. The container has a tangential air inlet at the upper portion, a closed bottom and an open top leading to a motor positioned in the upper portion of the vacuum cleaner housing provide for improved air separation and dirt collection. The shroud has an open sidewall and a closed bottom with an outwardly and downwardly extending skirt that extends to the about the midpoint of the height of the container. Dirt particles that separate from the air flow above the skirt drop to the lower portion below the skirt. Clean air then exits an open upper portion of the shroud to the suction source above the container. The air exiting the shroud passes through a frusto-conical region and into a radially pleated filter before entering the vacuum motor.

Abstract: A compact vacuum container includes a tangential air inlet at the upper portion, a closed top and a central outlet at the bottom having an improved air separation and dirt collection container is provided. A hollow central column with a skirt formed with a downwardly extending flange having an outer diameter is less than the inner diameter of the container, extends from the closed to the bottom outlet opening the upper position above the skirt is open and the lower portion of the column is solid. Dirt particles that separate from the air flow above the skirt drop to the lower portion below the skirt. Clean air then exits an open upper portion of the column to the suction source below the container. The air exiting the bottom of the column may pass through an radially pleated filter before being drawn into the vacuum source.

Abstract: An upright vacuum cleaner includes a nozzle assembly, a canister assembly pivotally mounted to said nozzle assembly, a suction fan and motor and a biaser. The biaser has a first end that engages the nozzle assembly and a second end that engages the canister assembly. The biaser provides a positive downforce urging the forward end of the nozzle assembly toward the surface being cleaned.

Abstract: A suction brush assembly comprises an assembly body having a suction inlet for drawing in dust on a surface being cleaned, a cover connected to the assembly body and having an opening for drawing in an external air, and a rotation body rotatably mounted to the assembly body and mounting a detachable cleaning member at a lower part thereof for contact with the surface being cleaned. The external air drawn in through the opening flows out to a lower part of the assembly body through a gap formed between the rotation body and the assembly body. Accordingly, the dust can be prevented from flowing into the rotation body, thereby improving an efficiency of a cleaning work.

Abstract: A pivot apparatus. The pivot apparatus includes a first member, a hinge body, a hinge head, a second member and a base member. The first member has a hinge receiving portion. The hinge body is movably disposed in the hinge receiving portion. The hinge head is connected to the hinge body. The second member is rotatably disposed on the first member and has a first fitting hole to receive the hinge head. The base member is disposed under the first member and has a retardant portion. The hinge body is stopped by the retardant portion such that the hinge head connected thereto is received in the first fitting hole.

Abstract: A shim assembly is constructed for engaging a hinge assembly to allow operable installation of the hinge assembly in an otherwise oversized sash-frame cavity. A shim body can include at least one projecting tab for engaging a vent bar of the hinge assembly, wherein the projecting tab can be integrally formed with the shim body. Alternatively, snap rivets can be used to engage the shim body with the vent bar.

Abstract: A clip is adapted to attach a pencil or the like to a wearer's cap. The clip is made of a flexible resilient material. The clip has a first channel adapted to receive a lower edge portion of a wearer's cap. The clip also has a slot which is adapted to receive a pencil to be gripped between the sides of the slot. A tongue forms one side of the slot. A brace supports the tongue. Preferably a magnet is attached to the clip to magnetically hold an object such as a golf ball marker.

Abstract: For obtaining a hose clamp which has a continuously smooth inner surface free of gaps and which requires an as short as possible length of band material, the inner band end portion is provided with a tongue the length of which is approximately half the amount by which the hose clamp is narrowed during tightening. During the first half of the tightening movement, the tongue is guided transversely to the band longitudinal direction by a projection which engages a slot provided in the outer band portion. The slot at its end is continued by a window which starts at a step, and the tongue, during the second half of the tightening movement, passes through the window which then takes over the guidance of the tongue.

Abstract: A pressure button, of the type comprising a male portion and a female portion, to be applied on flaps to be connected, the female portion comprising a fixing element for fixing an active female element, the latter including a plurality of resilient tabs which are mutually arranged with a ring arrangement about a housing recess for housing a projecting part of the male portion. The active female element of the button comprises an annular body to which a clamp element including a plurality of points projecting outside of the active female element is affixed. In particular, the assembling means for assembling the female portion are so arranged as to operate at a separated and moved away position from the resilient tabs, thereby the assembling of the female portion, for applying the latter on a respective material flap, can be performed without modifying the mutual shape and/or arrangement of the resilient tabs, thereby preserving the rated clamping pressure of the button.

Abstract: An adjustment hook used for adjusting the length of an elastic cord, commonly refered to as a bungee cord, in which the adjustment hook can be placed on the elastic cord at a chosen length, and then used to shorten the elastic cord to that chosen length comprising: a single run of wire bent in a certain configuration whereas due to the configeration the adjustment hook can be placed on the elastic cord and then rotated in as clockwise direction causing the elastic cord to be locked in that chosen position. The adjuster's hook can be used as a puller to pull the elastic cord and then hooked on an object of choice.

Abstract: Apparatuses and method for tightening a cord. One apparatus includes a body, and a grabber extending from the body and defining a groove therebetween configured to grip the cord therein. Another apparatus includes a body, means for grabbing the cord, and means for gripping the cord between the means for grabbing and the body. A method includes gripping a cord in a groove defined between a grabber of a tightener and a body of the tightener, and pulling the tightener. The cord may include a lace, such as a skatelace.

Abstract: A pieces hold-unit for machine tools such as workstations, transfer machines and milling machines is provided which comprises two parallel supports (12, 13) placed on a plane with at least a first of said support guided, controlled and movable with respect to the other one in order to approach and move them away, at least a first clamp-holder shaft (14) rotary mounted on the said first support and controlled for rotating, a second clamp-holder shaft (15) mounted on the other of said supports. Each shaft holds a clamp opposite to that of the other shaft, and one gear-reduction unit (16) is located at least on board of the support carrying said first shaft to follow the movements of said support and cause the gradual rotation of said first shaft.

Abstract: A method and system for precisely centering a workpiece within a cylindrical bore such that the center of the workpiece is coaxial with the central axis of the bore. An arbor is used within the cylindrical bore to sense and calculate the location of the central axis. The position of the workpiece is also sensed so that it can be aligned with the central axis. A computer system is used to perform the calculations and provide an indication of alignment of the workpiece and the central axis. The position of the central axis and the workpiece are found via a location determining system that may incorporate electromechanical and optical position sensing systems. For instance, a plurality of light transmitters and light receivers may be used to generate and transmit beams of light used in determining positions. The method has particular application to free piston machines, and particularly free piston coolers.

Abstract: A method of designing a manufacturing process line for a vehicle closure. A process is identified by specifying a set of discrete steps. A subset of steps is assigned to one of a plurality of standardized work cells. The work cells include a standardized workpiece presenter and a standardized processing tool. Additional subsets of discrete steps are assigned to a standardized work cell until the design for the manufacturing process is complete.

Abstract: The invention involves a one-man front backing plate runner and the associated process for use on a vehicle assembly line. The invention includes the reaction arm being held relatively stationary relative to the assembly line and the drive motor being slidable to engage with the member of the fastener pair that is not engaged to the reaction arm. This eliminates the need for a second assembly worker to hold the part of the fastener pair that is not to be engaged to the motorized socket as well as accounting for limiting access for a slidable reaction arm in assembly line procedures.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of an elongated continuously extruded and in line polymer coated copper shape that comprises exposing an as extruded elongated copper shape to in line cooling with water covered by an inert gas before it reaches a polymer coating operation. Continuously extruded copper wire having an adherent in line applied polymer coating thereon is also described.

Abstract: A mono-diameter wellbore casing. The mono-diameter wellbore casing is formed by plastically deforming and radially expanding a first tubular member within a wellbore. A second tubular member is then plastically deformed and radially expanded in overlapping relation to the first tubular member. The second tubular member and the overlapping portion of the first tubular member are then radially expanded again.

Abstract: A gasket (1) has a gasket core (2) and an outer gasket layer (4) covering the gasket core (2). At least one of the two sealing materials that make up the gasket has two reactive components before they are extruded, with said components chemically reatcting with one another as they are combined and/or extruded. The extruded core may be formed of a two-component resin which is at least one of an elastomer and a foam. The flexible outer layer may be a synthetic resin which is at least one of an elastomer and a foam. The outer layer may be electrically conductive, ultra-violet resistant, or resistant to the environment in which the gasket is to operate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making an emblem (10) for motor vehicles, said method comprising in the order given, the steps of: providing a sheet of metal (5) having opposite first (15) and second (16) major surface; applying a desired graphics design (2) on a first major surface of said sheet; cutting and forming from said metal sheet (5) an emblem (10) having a three dimensional shape; and applying a protective coating (1) on said emblem over said graphics design (2) by spray coating or powder coating whereby said protective coating (1) extends over the edge between said first and second major surface. Further provided are an emblem obtained with the method, a method of affixing the emblem to a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle having affixed to it the emblem.

Abstract: A method for production of a multi-layer carbon brush including at least two electrically-conducting functional layers made from carbon material and at least one insulation layer made from an electrically-insulating material, running between consecutive functional layers. According to the invention, the corresponding multi-layer carbon brushes and the layers with desired thickness can be produced by applying the carbon material and the electrically-insulating material in a mold in a sequence corresponding to the layer sequence of the multi-layer carbon brush for production in powder form, then pressed and finally heat-treated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical component comprising a substrate and a mounting frame with plural contact portions disposed at predetermined distances from each other is provided. The method comprises providing a measuring frame separate from the mounting frame for mounting the substrate, which measuring frame comprises a number of contact portions equal to a number of the contact portions of the mounting frame, wherein respective distances between the contact portions of the measuring frame are substantially equal to the corresponding distances between those of the mounting frame, measuring a shape of the optical surface of the substrate, while the substrate is mounted on the measuring frame, and mounting the substrate on the mounting frame such that the contact portions of the mounting frame are attached to the substrate at regions which are substantially the same as contact regions at which the substrate was attached to the measuring frame.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an efficient cost-effective method for creating a housing. One application of the method creates a motor housing to secure and protect a motor assembly. A flat metal sheet is shaped, so that deformable ends of the sheet are incrementally rolled to form a split annulus approximating the outer circumference of a motor assembly. Once the split annulus is formed, the ends are elastically deformed to facilitate inserting the motor into a hollow portion of the split annulus. After the motor is inserted, the ends may be joined by welding one to the other. This type of housing secures the motor assembly through a crimping force applied by the housing. Alternately, the ends may be welded together and to the motor assembly itself, thereby forming a strong support structure between the housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: An electrical machine including a rotor and a stator. The stator includes a core and a coil disposed on the core. In one construction, the core is generally U-shaped and comprises magnetic material. The electrical machine also includes a bridge comprising magnetic material. The bridge connects the first and second legs of the generally U-shaped core. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing the core.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for converting a commutator exciter, also called to as a DC machine, into a brushless exciter while keeping one part of the rotor as well as the stator frame of the DC machine. In an embodiment, the method also keeps the field currents and the time constants of the DC machine so that the exciter's voltage regulator may be kept. Alternatively, the magnetic cores of the DC machine stator poles may also be kept.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide electrochemical fabrication processes that may be used for the fabrication of space transformers or the co-fabrication of microprobe arrays along with one or more space transformers.

Abstract: A hard disk hub has a disk-mounting face formed at one end as a truncated conical surface of revolution symmetric about the hub axis. A cylindrical inner hub member is coaxial with the hub body outside diameter and the surrounding mounting face. The inner hub member is adapted to receive a planar disk with a central mounting hole with disk inside diameter fitted around it. The mounting face is disposed at a hub conning angle (?/2+/??) relative to the hub axis. Hub conning angle ? is selected so that a disk mounting force F applied to an inner disk portion surrounding the central mounting opening bends a portion of the disk interior to the hub inside diameter to conform contiguous facing relationship with the conical disk-mounting face. This interior bending portion reduces or eliminates the tendency of the outer disk portion to form an excessive conning angle ?.

Abstract: A work-assembling auxiliary device for carrying out the matching of phases in the spline-coupling of a main shaft Sm of a transmission T to a crankshaft Sc of an engine E includes an output shaft 40 radially movably connected through an Oldham coupling 41 to an input shaft 30 connected to and rotated by a drive source. A chamfer 61a is provided at a tip end of a socket 61 mounted on the output shaft 40, and in inserting the socket 61 into a socket hole h in a crank pulley Pc, the output shaft 40 is smoothly aligned with the crankshaft Sc by the action of the chamfer 61a. Further, when the output shaft 40 is reciprocally rotated, the phases of the socket 61 and the socket hole h are smoothly matched with each other, whereby the engagement of the socket 61 and the socket hole h is achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a collar bearing (1) comprising a bearing bush (2) and at least one stop plate (3), whereby said stop plate(s) (3) is/are fixed on an external peripheral surface (12) of the bearing bush (2). The invention also relates to a production method for collar bearings (1) of this type and to a clamping device (18) for carrying out said production method. The aim of the invention is to provide a collar bearing (1), in which the bearing bush (2) is permanently connected to the stop plate(s) (3). A further aim is to provide a method, which can be uses to produce a collar bearing (1) of this type as cost-effectively as possible and which obviates the need for remachining as a result of an inclined, non-perpendicular stop plate (3). The invention also relates to a clamping device (18) for carrying out said method.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting and merging a head stack assembly with a disc stack of a data storage device. The head stack assembly comprises a cantilevered flexure which supports a transducer at a distal end thereof. A carrier includes a carrier support surface arranged to contactingly support the distal end of the flexure. A merge tool is adapted to merge the transducer with a recording surface of the disc stack. The merge tool includes a merge support surface arranged to contactingly support a medial portion of the flexure while the carrier support surface is disposed between the merge support surface and the transducer. The transducer is merged by aligning the merge support surface with the medial portion of the flexure, and using the merge support surface to displace the distal end of the flexure from the carrier support surface and advance the transducer to a final position.

Abstract: A cable connector compression tool includes a left handle and a right handle that are pivotally engaged with each other. The right handle is at a first position spaced from the left handle at a selected distance in normal conditions, and may be moved close to the left handle at a second position. It also has a compression dock which includes a first member, a second member and a housing member. The housing member is located in the first and second member to allow the second member to slide linearly and reciprocally in the first member. When the right handle is moved from the first position to the second position, the second member is driven to compress the cable located in the housing member, or stripping and cutting operations may be performed through a cutter seat and a stripping seat located on the left handle and the right handle.

Abstract: A combined punching and welding or punching and bonding apparatus for workpieces (1), e.g. bumpers of motor vehicles, is described. The apparatus has a punching station (3) having at least one punching yoke (4), a welding or bonding station having at least one welding or bonding tool, and a shuttle table (21) which is able to be moved between the stations and carries a workpiece holder (22). In accordance with the invention, the punching yoke (4) and the welding or bonding tools are arranged to be stationary whereas the holder (22) is mounted to be movable up and down on the shuttle table (21) (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A method for mounting a microcircuit module in a card body to make the card non-detachable without damage includes fixing the module (22) in a cavity (12) of the card body (11) with a resin after adjusting the adherence of the resin (30) on the wall of the cavity (12) so that it is markedly higher than its adherence on the module (22).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-efficiency thermal conductive base board for electrical connection with an electronic component includes the steps of: (a) placing a metal substrate in an electrolytic bath; (b) oxidizing the metal substrate in the electrolytic bath to form a metal oxide layer thereon through micro-arc oxidation; (c) forming a plurality of conductive contacts on the metal oxide layer for electrical connection with the electronic component.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system and method for bonding an interconnect to a dense circuit device.

Abstract: A preferred method for electrically connecting a first and a second component includes inserting a wire pin through a through hole formed in the first component so that a first portion of the wire pin is located within the through hole and a second portion of the wire pin is located within a retaining feature formed at least in part by the second component. The preferred method also includes moving one of the first and the second components in relation to the other of the first and the second components so that the wire pin resiliently deflects thereby establishing a first contact force between the first portion of the wire and the first component, and a second contact force between the second portion of the wire and the second component.

Abstract: A contact sheet is provided including two insulative base sheets having a plurality of through-holes formed therethrough in an array pattern and a plurality of conductive contacts interposed between the insulative base sheets. Each contact includes a fixed part bonded to an end of a respective through-hole and an integral moving part contiguous with the fixed part. The moving part includes a contact portion formed as an elastic cantilever. Part of the moving part protrudes from one side of the base sheet inside the through-hole and the contact portion elastically extends from the other side of the base sheet. The total area of the through-hole and the fixed part of the contact is greater than a unit grid area formed by an arrangement of the terminals of an electronic device, and the length of the moving part, including the contact portion, substantially corresponds to the overall length of the through-hole.

Abstract: A method for forming small holes in a workpiece with a press tool (punch) and a female mold (die) of a press machine. The workpiece is positioned on the female mold such that the workpiece is positioned in the horizontal direction. The workpiece is then restrained only in the horizontal direction and is not pressed in the thickness direction of the workpiece. Since the holes are formed while the workpiece is supported without being pressed, reduction in the pitch accuracy due to the relief of the material, generation of burrs in regions around the holes, deformation such as sags, sticking of the material to the punch, etc., are avoided, and high-aspect-ratio, high-pitch-accuracy small holes are formed.

Abstract: In this manufacturing method for a frame body, after ring rolling a metal material to form a ring-shaped member, a rectangular member is formed by pressing and deforming this ring-shaped member in the radial direction. At this time, an angle of corner portions that impart the rectangular shape to the rectangular member is formed smaller than an angle of the frame body that is to be obtained by die forging the rectangular member. According to the frame body obtained by this manufacturing method for a frame body, it is possible to increase the mechanical strength, and in particular, the creep strength. Furthermore, when forming the frame body, the occurrence of defects during manufacture may be restrained, it becomes possible to realize a reduction of the amount of waste metal material and the manufacturing time, and thereby this frame body may be formed inexpensively.

Abstract: To avoid a difficulty of inserting a spline shaft into a spline hole, respective holding members 29 constituting a holding device 28 for holding a hub 3 are displaced in a radial inward direction of a small diameter stepped portion 15. The inner peripheral surface of the inside end of an original hole 25 is elastically deformed radially inward the same as or slightly greater than the elastic deformation caused by externally securing tightly an inner ring to the small diameter stepped portion 15. In this condition, a female spline portion for constituting a spline hole is formed in the original hole 25.

Abstract: In order to detect the rotational speed of a wheel secured to a rolling bearing unir 2a with high accuracy, an encoder 19a secured to an outer peripheral surface of an inside end of an inner ring 6a is formed from a Fe—Cr—Co magnet. As a result, the magnetic properties do not become uneven depending on the position on the encoder 19a, and the rotational speed of the wheel can be detected with high accuracy.

Abstract: A shaving apparatus includes an outer cutter (60), for example in the form of a perforated foil, and an undercutter assembly (10), adjacent to the outer cutter, which is drivable for linear reciprocation in a reciprocation direction. The undercutter assembly has a driven primary undercutter (20) and a secondary undercutter (30), which is moveable with respect thereto, the blade elements of the primary and secondary undercutters being mutually interleaved. When the primary undercutter (20) is reciprocated relative the outer cutter (60), the secondary undercutter (30) also performs a reciprocating movement, which lags behind that of the primary undercutter, so the blade elements of the primary and second undercutters move towards one another at intervals and can trap hairs therebetween, causing them to be pulled in addition to the cutting action and thus achieving a closer shave.

Abstract: A dry shaver (11) has a single cutter blade (15) and a single cooperating shear blade (17). The shear blade (17) is an elongate flexible foil, the thickness of which is different at different regions (21, 22) along the elongate extent of the foil (17). The foil (17) is mounted (27) for displacement in its elongate direction so that a foil region (21, 22) of a particular thickness may be selectively aligned with the cutter blade (15). The spacing between a skin engaging surface of the shear blade (17) and the opposite face of the shear blade (17) which cooperates with the cutter blade (15) is thus selectively variable. In a further embodiment, the dry shaver is of the rotary type and has a plurality of interchangeable shear blades of different thicknesses. In a still further embodiment, a rotary dry shaver has a mechanism for varying the spacing between the outer surface of a cover member overlying a shear blade and a cooperating rotary cutter blade.

Abstract: A wire stripper that can be utilized to rapidly strip insulation from a number of wires simultaneously and can be used simultaneously on a variety of different gauge wires. A stripping block has a plurality of wire apertures of varying diameters. Cooperating and continuous with the apertures are a plurality of blade receiving slots. A blade is positioned into at least one of the slots so that its cutting edge enters into an aperture. A tensioning bar is tightened down onto the blade to exert tensioning pressure. Wire is inserted into the wire aperture with the appropriate diameter for the selected gauge of wire. The tensioning bar is tightened using wing nuts so that enough pressure is exerted onto the blade to slit the insulation of the wire.