Abstract: Methods and coaters for applying films onto a substrate (e.g., a large-area glass substrate) are disclosed. Certain embodiments involve a coater for applying thin films onto a sheet-like substrate. The coater in some embodiments has a transport system adapted for conveying the substrate along a path of substrate travel extending through the coater. The substrate transport system in certain embodiments includes an upward coating deposition gap. The coater preferably has a source of coating material adapted for delivering coating material upwardly through such gap and onto a bottom major surface of the substrate as the substrate is conveyed along a desired portion of the path of substrate travel, which portion of the path of substrate travel extends over the upward coating deposition gap.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plasma processing apparatus, which generates plasma within a vacuum chamber to process semiconductor substrates using the plasma. The apparatus comprises a substrate mounting table, an outer lifting bar, and a baffle. The outer lifting bar comprises a driving shaft, and a substrate supporting member coupled perpendicular to an upper end of the driving shaft. The baffle comprises a baffle plate coupled to the upper end of the driving shaft, and a shielding portion coupled to a lower surface of the baffle plate. The substrate supporting member is a foldable substrate supporting member. The baffle and the substrate supporting member are driven up and down at the same time by the driving shaft. As a result, it is possible to protect the substrate supporting member from plasma, and to prevent interference between the baffle and the outer lifting bar during operation of the plasma processing apparatus.

Abstract: The substrate processing apparatus according to the present invention is aimed to stably and efficiently perform a deposition process on a substrate W. The substrate processing apparatus supports the substrate W in a position facing a heater portion and thus rotates a holding member holding the substrate W. Furthermore, the heating portion houses a SiC heater and a heat reflecting member in an internal portion of a quartz bell jar made of transparent quartz, and depressurizes an internal space of a processing vessel and an internal space of the quartz bell jar at the same time; thereby allowing the thickness of the quartz bell jar to be thinner, and thus improving thermal conductivity of heat from the SiC heater and preventing contamination by the SiC heater.

Abstract: A method of forming (and apparatus for forming) tantalum silicide layers (including tantalum silicon nitride layers), which are typically useful as diffusion barrier layers, on a substrate by using a vapor deposition process with a tantalum halide precursor compound, a silicon precursor compound, and an optional nitrogen precursor compound.

Abstract: A discharge unit for an animal feeder attaches to the feed outlet of the feeder. The discharge unit has an upwardly extending coupling tube which engages the feeder outlet. Several feeder tubes extend outwardly from the lower end of the coupling tube and together with the lower end of the coupling tube define a central chamber of the discharge unit. A spreader cone is located within a floor region of the central chamber. Feed passing from the feed outlet of the feeder passes through the internal diameter of the coupling tube of the discharge unit and over the spreader cone before passing through the central chamber and through the feeder tubes to be discharged from the feeder.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optimizing the characteristics of a body of water to support the health of one or more selected species of fish. One or more intervention techniques are identified and implemented to adjust the characteristics of the body of water to support the optimum health of the selected species of fish, thereby facilitating recreational activities and food development and harvesting.

Abstract: Fry breeding method and apparatus are provided by which growth irregularity and lethal rate are reduced and a remarkably quick growth is enabled. A closed type fry breeding water tank 1 has a fry isolating function by meshes 1b, 1c. Breeding water prepared to have a high dissolved oxygen concentration by an artificial lung 3 is supplied into the fry breeding water tank 1 in a low flow rate that has little influence on the fry. The fry, especially those immediately after the hatching on which the dissolved oxygen is very influential, are bred in the streaming water, not in the stationary water as so far considered a common sense in the conventional case. Thereby, the growth irregularity that has so far not been overcome is suppressed and a remarkably quick, safe and secure growth is enabled.

Abstract: An animal management system provides an alley to control the handling of animals when procedures are to be performed on the animals by veterinarians or cattle producers. The alley is formed by a base frame, and included therewith are a headgate and preferably two wedge-shaped access doors rotatably mounted with the base frame. The headgate is movable between an entrapping position to a releasing position for an animal, and coordinated movement of the at least one access door ensures that a lead animal is properly positioned while other down line animals do not interfere with care given to, or procedures performed on, the lead animal in the headgate. Each access door allows convenient access for persons to the lead animal, and the selective use of one of two doors at a time facilitates the access to and movement of animals of different sizes in the alley.

Abstract: An animal carriage used for air, land, and sea transportation purposes comprises a separate wheeled platform, an animal container box with an optional cover, a detachably connected push-bar, a leash restraint system, and a sized animal harness system.

Abstract: A method of forming a valve assembly for delivering a fluid from a fluid bag to an animal caging system for housing an animal can include injection molding an upper member having a piercing member and injection molding a sealing member. The upper member has a fluid channel defined therethrough and forms, in an injection molding machine, a unitary member with the sealing member. The method can also include injection molding a base having a flange member and a base fluid channel defined therethrough. The base is designed to be matingly coupled to the upper member. The method can further include injection molding a stem member constructed and arranged to be disposed in part within the base fluid channel. The stem member has an actuation portion extending through a spring element. The stem member has a top portion having a lower surface.

Abstract: A non-consumable pet toy (100) includes a resilient first concave-shaped molded member (102) having a first peripheral edge (130) and a resilient second concave-shaped molded member (104) having a second peripheral edge (132). The first and second members have a treat-retaining cavity (101) between them. The treat retaining pet toy also includes a fastener (110, 112) extending centrally through the treat-retaining cavity. The fastener fastens the first member to the second member such that the first peripheral edge is at a predetermined distance from the second peripheral edge.

Abstract: The present invention includes a dog toy made from luffa. The dog toy may take various shapes, for example, the shape of a ball, a bone or other forms. Flavorant may also be added to make the chew toy more desirable to the dog.

Abstract: The invention refers to an apparatus for detecting an animal (1) having a body part (2) and a head part (3). The apparatus includes an animal passage (4) extending in a transport direction (t), and a sensor device (7,8) arranged to sense the animal in the passage. The passage is defined by a first enclosure member (5) and a second enclosure member (6). The enclosure members are arranged on a respective side of the passage and extend substantially in parallel to the transport direction. The sensor device is arranged to sense a parameter related to a cross-section size of the animal at a determined position in the passage, and to produce a signal when the parameter fulfils a certain condition.

Abstract: A child harness that includes two strap loops (10) which pass around respective shoulders of the wearer and which are mutually connected by means of a fastener means (11) on the rear side of the harness. The harness also includes a child carrying pouch on the front side of the harness, so as to be supported on the chest side of the wearer. The fastener means (11) is designed to slide readily along strap loops such as to take along the straps a position that is controlled by the magnitude and the direction of the forces applied via the strap portions that connect with the fastener means (11). The harness also includes a waist belt which connects with the fastener means (11) on the rear side of the harness such as to limit the distance of said fastener means from the waist belt. The back piece is generally triangular in shape, with the top of the triangle connected to the fastener means (11), said back piece functioning to transfer load to the lower part of the wearers back.

Abstract: A child harness (40) that includes a child carrying pouch (130) which comprises a generally flexible piece of material (13) that has side edges which define at least a part of respective leg opening (50) in the lower part of the pouch, wherein said piece of material (13) includes an elastically flexible sheet that is enclosed in a fabric casing (68, 69) that comprises a first piece of fabric (69) on one major surface of the sheet and a second piece of fabric (68) on the other major surface of the sheet, and wherein said pieces of fabric (68, 69) are sewn together to provide a seam (61). The-seam (61) is placed on one major surface of said piece of material (13) in the region of a respective leg opening (50) at a distance of at least 0.5 cm from the edge (51) of said opening.

Abstract: A shock absorbing device includes first and second straps, first and second connectors, and shoulder straps of a safety harness. The first strap has first and second connecting ends and an intermediate portion between the connecting ends. The second strap has first and second segments at one end and an interconnected portion extending toward an opposite end. The first segment is operatively connected to the first connecting end, and the second segment is operatively connected to the second connecting end. The first connector is operatively connected to the shoulder straps and to the first connecting end thereby interconnecting the safety harness and the first strap. The second connector is operatively connected to the second connecting end. The connectors are proximate the one end and the intermediate portion and the interconnected portion extend in a downward direction from the connectors.

Abstract: A radiant gas burner within the combustion chamber of a water heater has a pilot flame created using a raw fuel jet that impinges on an interior surface portion of a flame holding outer burner wall portion, representatively of a metal wire mesh material, and is mixed within the burner with combustion air delivered thereto from outside the combustion chamber. The resulting fuel/air mixture passes outwardly through the impinged upon mesh wall portion, which functions as a pilot flame stabilizing structure, and is ignited to form a pilot flame on the exterior of the burner body. A thermocouple portion of a clogging detection system senses a change in the pilot flame shape caused by particulate clogging of the metal mesh material and responsively terminates further gas supply to the water heater.

Abstract: A device for introducing hot gas into a heating surface tube of a waste heat boiler having an outer tube connected to the boiler wall, in particular to the tube plate, has an inner or inlet tube that is connected to the outer tube by a rounded reversing cap to form an inlet port for the hot gas. The inner tube is surrounded by the outer tube at a distance and has an inflow section and an outflow section connected to the heating surface tube. The device further has a coolant transport tube, between the outer tube and the inner tube, that extends to the vicinity of the reversing cap. The inflow section and at least part of the outflow section of the inlet tube are conical in design, where the taper is less than 2° and the cross-section of the conical region of the inlet tube becomes smaller as it approaches the outflow section. The length of the conical region is at least four times the inner diameter of the inlet tube, and the conical region of the inlet tube is designed with at least two different tapers.

Abstract: With regard to a construction that a fan 41 is provided at one side of an engine 1 and covered by a fan casing 45, and an air cleaner 30 is arranged near the fan casing 45 and at a side of a cylinder head 5 on which an intake port 5a is disposed, a suction port 31a communicated with the inside of the fan casing 45 is provided in a main body 31 of the air cleaner 30. A barrier 46 is provided at a position facing to the suction port 31a in the air cleaner 30. A wall standing toward the fan casing 45 and the cylinder head 5 is formed on the outer surface of the main body 31 of the air cleaner 30. An air intake part is provided on one of side surfaces of a cover body 32 of the air cleaner 30 and the cover body 32 is constructed to be an equilateral polygon. An intake pipe 31k communicating the air cleaner 30 with the intake port 5a of the cylinder head 5 is constructed integrally with a main body 31 of the air cleaner 30.

Abstract: A combustion-engined setting tool for driving fastening elements in constructional components includes a combustion chamber (14) for combusting therein a full gas-oxidant mixture, at least one guide element (20) arranged coaxially with a longitudinal axis (34) of the combustion chamber (14) for supporting axially displaceable wall (17) of the combustion chamber (14) for an axial displacement along the guide element (20) which is pivotally supported in a drag bearing (22), and a guide cylinder (12) adjoining the combustion chamber (14) in which a setting piston (11) is arranged for an axial displacement therein.

Abstract: A rocking mechanism (12) through which linear reciprocating movement of a piston (14) of an internal combustion engine (10) can be transferred, from the remote end of a connecting rod (22) on which the piston is mounted, to a crankshaft (20).

Abstract: An apparatus useful in a two-stroke cycle engine or in a pump as a piston disposed within a piston cylinder. The piston cylinder has an intermediate piston cylinder head disposed transversely across the interior of the piston cylinder. The piston has at least one upright extension member extending upwardly from the lower portion. A piston top wall is disposed transversely to the piston cylinder side wall and is attached to the upper portion of the upright extension member of the piston. An upper chamber is defined above the piston top wall. An intermediate chamber is defined immediately below the piston top wall and a lower chamber is defined below the intermediate piston cylinder head. A tube connects the upper chamber with the lower chamber.

Abstract: The present invention (with reference to FIG.

Abstract: A space, which is formed between an outer side wall of a vane rotor and an inner side wall of a housing facing the outer side wall, in the inside direction of diameter is formed smaller than the space in the outside direction of diameter, before the vane rotor is fastened to a camshaft by a bolt.

Abstract: A device is described for igniting an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine using a high-frequency electric power source having a coaxial waveguide structure (5) into which the high-frequency electric power may be coupled and whose one end protrudes into the individual combustion chamber of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The one end of the coaxial waveguide structure (5) is designed as an igniter (7a) in such a way that, when a voltage potential is applied, a field structure (22), protruding into the combustion chamber, and thus a free-standing plasma in the air-fuel mixture at the inner conductor (7, 7a), projecting from the waveguide structure, is generatable via an abrupt and/or smooth cross-section change (21) of the inner conductor (7) and/or the outer conductor (6).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for switching on a power switch (S1, S2) arranged between capacitive elements (C1, DLC, B36) a choke (L) being connected in parallel to the switching contacts of the still open power switch (S1, S2). Said choke enables compensating currents to flow between the elements (C1, B36, DLC) to be interconnected and to decay before the power switch (S1, S2) is then closed in a de-energized manner.

Abstract: At a time of stopping an internal combustion engine, inertia energy of the engine is kept constant, for example, by controlling a number of engine revolution constant, while controlling combustion of the engine. By utilizing the controlled inertia energy, the engine is stopped at a predetermined crank angle position. Since the engine is stopped at the predetermined crank angle position by utilizing the controlled inertia energy, a large amount of energy for controlling the stop position of the energy is not needed, and the energy needed for the stop control can be reduced. Since the inertia energy utilized for the stop control is always controlled in a predetermined state, the engine can be stopped at a proper position reliably each time.

Abstract: An engine control device for a construction machine of the present invention is configured so that the engine control device comprises an engine as a power source, a controller for performing an automatic stop control to automatically stop the engine when a predetermined automatic stop condition is met, a water temperature sensor for detecting a cooling water temperature of the engine, and that after start-up of the engine, even if the automatic stop condition is met, the engine is not automatically stopped until the detected water temperature reaches a predetermined value or more to complete a warm-up operation. The engine control device is also configured so that before the engine is automatically stopped, a cool-down operation of the engine is performed as required and after the engine is stopped, the engine is restarted as required and the warm-up operation is performed.

Abstract: An engine features a decompression mechanism that extends through a bore formed in a camshaft. The mechanism has an actuator that is formed of multiple shafts. The shafts are joined in the region of a decompression pin. The actuator rotates relative to the camshaft and the rotation drives translation of decompression pins in a radial direction of the camshaft.

Abstract: A working angle (lift amount) of an intake valve is set to a predetermined first set value A1 during a period from when starting of the engine is initiated until when the engine is shifted to an initial combustion state, and the working angle is changed to a second set value A2 (=previous value (initial value is A1)+?) that is larger than the first set value A1 during a period from when the engine is shifted to the initial combustion state until when the engine is shifted to a perfect combustion state. When an engine rotational speed becomes equal to or higher than a reference rotational speed n1, it is determined that the engine has been shifted to the perfect combustion state, after which an engine starting routine ends.

Abstract: An air intake structure is provided with an air intake control valve disposed in the air intake passage. The air intake control valve has a valve element pivotally mounted at one end adjacent to a passage wall of the air intake passage. The air intake control valve is configured to control a gas flow based on the rotational position of the valve element. At least one horizontal partitioning plate extends along the flow direction of an intake air. The horizontal partitioning plate can be stationary or moveable with the valve element. Optionally, the valve element has a swirl-producing notch and a vertical partitioning plate extends substantially perpendicular to the horizontal partitioning plate from a position corresponding to a vertical side edge of the swirl-producing notch when the air intake control valve is fully closed. The vertical partitioning plate can be stationary or moveable with the valve element.

Abstract: An air intake structure is provided with an air intake control valve disposed in the air intake passage. The air intake control valve has a valve element pivotally mounted at one end adjacent to a passage wall of the air intake passage. The air intake control valve is configured to control a gas flow based on the rotational position of the valve element. A horizontal partitioning plate extends along the flow direction of an intake air. The horizontal partitioning plate can be stationary or moveable with the valve element. The valve element has a swirl-producing notch and a vertical partitioning plate extends substantially perpendicular to the horizontal partitioning plate from a position corresponding to a vertical side edge of the swirl-producing notch when the air intake control valve is fully closed. The vertical partitioning plate can be stationary or moveable with the valve element.

Abstract: A resin intake manifold is provided with two separated bodies manufactured by connecting protrusions of weld portions of the separated bodies to each other in accordance with a vibration welding, and a cover wall in which one of the weld portions is arranged in an inner side or an outer side of the protrusion with leaving space with the protrusion.

Abstract: A cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is provided with an improved intake port configuration, that improves the efficiency of air intake into a combustion chamber. The engine includes an intake valve which covers an opening of a combustion chamber and which has a valve stem supported by a valve guide. The valve guide is fixed to a curved wall of an intake port leading from a hole in the side of the cylinder head to the intake opening of the combustion chamber. An intake port is configured so that the cross-sectional area thereof reduces with an increasing distance from the intake opening of the combustion chamber, and so that the passage cross-sectional area at a distance equal to about 10% of the total length of the intake port from the intake opening of the combustion chamber is 0.8 times the area of opening of the combustion chamber or smaller.

Abstract: The present invention provides an engine cover structure for an engine (1) whose cylinder head (7) is covered at three of front, rear, right and left sides thereof by a fuel tank (10), an air cleaner (20) and a muffler (9), respectively, comprising a cover (50) which covers the remaining one side and/or a top side of the cylinder head (7).

Abstract: An axial vane rotary power device comprises a rotor arranged to turn within an annular chamber having two end plates with mutually facing undulating cam surfaces. Vanes retained in angularly spaced slots in the rotor reciprocate axially as the rotor turns. Transfer passages, interleaved between the vanes, connect each working chamber to a respective transfer port at the central bore of the rotor. A tubular inner stator member, about which the rotor turns, has two sets of peripheral ports that provide fluid communication between the working chambers and intake and exhaust channels as the rotor turns. Various configurations of the device allow it to function as either a two- or four-phase internal combustion engine, a fluid driven motor, a pump, a compressor or an expander.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine having a means (16) for directly injecting fuel as well as a means (22) for admitting at least one fluid into the combustion chamber, a cylinder (12), a burned-gas exhaust means (28), and a processing and control unit (48) receiving information on at least the driver's torque demand and the engine speed (Ne), comprising a) determining the desired torque (Torque_des) corresponding in particular to driver demand; b) from this desired torque, determining a desired Indicated Meon Effective Pressure (IMEP_des) from which the parameters (Mair_sp, BGR_sp) are established to control admission of at least one fluid into the combustion chamber; and c) determining a specified value of the IMEP (IMEP_sp) from the desired IMEP and at least one magnitude linked to the fluid admitted into the combustion chamber, to define the fuel injection parameters (Mfuel_i, SOI_i, Pfuel) in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system and devices to actively induce turbulent flow in the intake tract of an internal combustion engine. At least certain of the devices include moving components which induce a swirling or rotating movement about a major intake axis. The adjustment to the flow provides more complete atomization or vaporization of liquid fuel components in an incoming fuel air mixture. Individual devices can be provided in individual intake runners. A single device can be provided in the plenum region of integral or monolithic intake manifolds. Rotation axes of rotating flow diverters can be inclined to also provide a tumbling or rolling component to the mixture flow. Inclined vanes of non-moving flow adjusters can also be provided to induce a tumbling flow component.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having cylinders capable of selectively resting during engine operation is capable of eliminating step increases in engine output when the number of operative cylinders is changed. The internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders divided into two or more groups, at least some of the cylinders being restable. A throttle valve of each of the cylinders is independently operable on the basis of the group to which the cylinder belongs, and the number of resting cylinders is controlled according to the throttle grip opening. The throttle valve opening is different between the groups, except for the full opening condition and the full closure condition of the throttle valve, and an ECU is provided for opening the throttle valve of the next cylinder group before the throttle valve opening of the former cylinder group reaches the full opening condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a throttle valve positioning device, comprising a housing (12) with a bearing for a throttle valve shaft (20) and a throttle valve support (26), within which a throttle valve (24) pivots which sits on the throttle valve shaft (20), running into a shaft passage (44) in the support (26). According to the invention, air leakage may be avoided, whereby the periphery (34) of the throttle valve (24) is arranged at a separation from a passage (44) for the throttle valve shaft (20) in the throttle valve support (26).

Abstract: A throttle device for controlling an internal combustion engine, in which the throttle valve is supported precisely employs a bearing recess serving to support the throttle valve shaft which is surrounded by a clamping element. As a result, there is excellent, durable stabilization of the bearing recess. The throttle device is especially well suited to vehicles that have a throttle-type internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a method for determining an output torque in order to prevent pedal play in a gas pedal assigned to a combustion engine, a correction torque Muffset is calculated in this respect, which is dependent on the activation speed Nact of the idling regulator, the current speed, and the idling torque MIS calculated by the idling regulator.

Abstract: A control mechanism for a fuel injection pump comprises: an electronic governor which actuates a rack actuator by a controller for controlling a governing rack; and a cold start device which actuates an injection-quickening actuator by the controller for opening or closing a draining sub port formed in a plunger barrel so as to advance injection timing when an engine is cold. Different settings about control degree of the governing rack controlled by the controller are prepared for a case where the injection-quickening actuator is actuated to switch on the cold start device (as characteristic curve 61a), and for a case where the injection-quickening actuator is disactuated to switch off the cold start device (as characteristic curve 61b), respectively.

Abstract: A pressure booster for a fuel injection device, with a piston-shaped pressure boosting element accommodated in a housing and dividing a working chamber from a differential pressure chamber. A control line connects the differential pressure chamber to a high-pressure source or pressure-relieves it into a low-pressure region. A return spring acts on the piston-shaped pressure boosting element and rests against an annular insert inside the housing. The insert has a damper throttle via which fuel flows from the working chamber of the pressure booster into a hydraulic chamber when the pressure in the differential pressure chamber is relieved.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system is provided with a fuel solenoid valve to minimize fuel leakage and evaporative emissions during diurnal cycles by preventing pressure buildup as the temperature of the fuel system rises. The fuel solenoid valve is located between a pressurized side of the delivery system and a fuel tank. In one embodiment, the fuel solenoid valve is closed when the engine is running or when the engine is off and the rail is hot. When the fuel rail cools down, the solenoid valve opens to bleed a desired amount of fuel thereby creating a fuel vapor space. Thereafter, during hot soak conditions of the diurnal cycles when the fuel rail is hot again while the engine is off, the pressure will rise due to the thermal expansion of the fuel and the created fuel vapor space minimizes further rising of the fuel pressure. Further, by adjusting the solenoid valve opening time, the pressure rising limit may be set at a desired pressure to minimize injector leakage.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus is provided for an intake manifold and a fuel injection system that can be easily and reliably mounted together by a mounting structure, even when the intake manifold has an integrated design in which air intake branches curve steeply upward from a downward side to an upstream side. With this fuel supply apparatus, the fuel injection system is mounted with coupling bolts on the top surface of the outer wall of the downstream portion of the intake manifold. The threads of the bolts engage internal threaded bores in the fuel injection system. The heads of the bolts are disposed on a reverse side of a top surface of an outer wall of the intake manifold, with internal threaded bores of the fuel injection system being disposed on a side of the top surface of the outer wall of the intake manifold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal-combustion engine, particularly an engine that operates according to the Otto cycle or to the Diesel cycle, comprising at least one cylinder head (1) having at least one valve cap (3), the cylinder head (1) and the valve cap (3) defining at least one through bore (2) for positioning at least one injector (5), additionally comprising at least one injector support positioned inside the through bore (2), the support (4) cooperating with the cylinder head (1) and the valve cap (3) and enabling the positioning of the injector (5). The present invention further relates to a cylinder head (1) and to the injector support (4).

Abstract: A diesel engine 1 of the present invention comprises: a camshaft 13 with a cam 21; a fuel injection pump 12 having a plunger 84; a tappet for driving the plunger 84; and a slide portion 2b. The tappet includes a roller 80 and a roller tappet 82. The roller 80 serves as a rotor which abuts against the cam 21 so as to drive the fuel injection pump 12, and a roller tappet 82 serves as a support portion for supporting the rotor. The slide portion 2b slidably fits to the support portion. The roller tappet 82 has a tappet guide serving as a projection for restriction of rotation, and the slide portion 2b has a guide groove 92 into which the projection is fitted. Therefore, the rotor and the cam abutting against the rotor can be prevented from abrasion so as to maintain high accuracy in controlling slide stroke of the plunger.

Abstract: A fuel pump unit (1) may comprise a fuel filter (10) and a fuel pump (30). The fuel filter (10) may comprise frames (14, 20) and filters (15, 22) that seal openings (16, 21) of the frames. A closed space (internal space) may be formed by the frames and the filters. The fuel pump (30) may comprise a suction port (32) and a discharge port (33). The fuel pump (30) draws in fuel through the suction port (32), pressurizes it, and discharges it from the discharge port (33). Preferably, the fuel pump (30) is substantially accommodated within the internal space of the fuel filter (10). The suction port (32) of the fuel pump (30) opens in the internal space of the fuel filter (10), and the discharge port opens outside the fuel filter (10).

Abstract: In a fuel supply system, liquid fuel is supplied to a marine engine from a fuel tank (10). The fuel first passes through a water filter (14), a lift pump (18) and is temporarily deposited in a vapor separator (20) where vapors given off from the fuel are collected and vented. A high pressure pump (30) withdraws liquid fuel from the vapor separator (200 and delivers it under pressure to an engine injector system (36) via a fuel delivery line (34). The fuel pressure between the high pressure pump (30) and the engine injector system (36) is monitored to determine whether the engine injector system (36) is being presented with more fuel than is required for efficient engine operation. If more fuel than needed is being supplied by the high pressure pump (30), the unneeded fuel is returned to the vapor separator (20) through a bypass line (40).