Abstract: A method of constructing a micro-engineered mass spectrometer from bonded silicon-on-insulator (BSOI) wafers is described with reference to a quadrupole spectrometer. The quadrupole geometry is achieved using two BSOI wafers (200), which are bonded together to form a monolithic block (410). Deep etched features and springs formed in the outer silicon layers are used to locate cylindrical metallic electrode rods (300). The precision of the assembly is determined by a combination of lithography and deep etching, and by the mechanical definition of the bonded silicon layers. Deep etched features formed in the inner silicon layers are used to define ion entrance and ion collection optics. Other features such as fluidic channels may be incorporated.

Abstract: The invention provides a multipole device for a mass spectrometer system. In general, the multipole device contains a plurality of conductive rods each comprising a conductive layer, a resistive layer, and an insulative layer between the conductive and resistive layers. The invention finds use in a variety of applications, including ion transport, ion fragmentation and ion mass filtration. Accordingly, the invention may be employed in a variety of mass spectrometer systems.

Abstract: Ions in a steady flow sample are counted by colliding the ions in a mixing chamber with a numerical excess of uncharged or neutral aerosol particles, suitably glycerol, entrained in air, to transfer respective charges from the ions to charge individual aerosol particles and passing the gases through a separating chamber subjected to an electric field to direct the charged aerosol particles to impinge upon an optical particle counter.

Abstract: A method comprising characterizing the dimensions of structures on a semiconductor device having dimensions less than approximately 100 nanometers (nm) using one of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) or profilometry.

Abstract: Nanotubes of transition metal chalcogenides as long as 0.2-20 microns or more, perfect in shape and of high crystallinity, are synthesized from a transition metal material, e.g., the transition metal itself or a substance comprising a transition metal such as an oxide, water vapor and a H2X gas or H2 gas and X vapor, wherein X is S, Se or Te, by a two-step or three-step method. The transition metal chalcogenide is preferably WS2 or WSe2. Tips for scanning probe microscopy can be prepared from said long transition metal chalcogenide nanotubes.

Abstract: There is provided a charged particle beam apparatus which allows implementation of a high-reliability and high-accuracy dimension measurement even if height differences exist on the surface of a sample. The charged particle beam apparatus includes the following configuration components: An acquisition unit for acquiring a plurality of SEM images whose focus widths are varied in correspondence with the focal depths, a determination unit for determining, from the plurality of SEM images acquired, a SEM image for which the image sharpness degree of the partial domain including a dimension-measuring domain becomes the maximum value, and a measurement unit for measuring the dimension of the predetermined domain from the SEM image whose image sharpness degree is the maximum value.

Abstract: To make it possible to observe the bottom of a contact hole and internal wires, in observation of the contact hole 102, by scanning it at a predetermined acceleration voltage, the positive charge 106 is formed on the surface of the insulator 101, and the secondary electrons 104 are attracted in the hole by this electric field, and the hole is continuously scanned at an acceleration voltage different from the acceleration voltage, and the sample is observed. When the wires embedded in the insulator are to be observed, by observing the insulator at a predetermined acceleration voltage, an electron beam is allowed to enter the sample, and the sample is continuously scanned at an acceleration voltage different from the acceleration voltage, and hence the existence of wires is reflected as a change in the charge of the surface, and it is observed.

Abstract: A radiation detector for imaging a sheet-shaped beam (11) of ionizing radiation comprises an electron multiplication chamber (12) filled with a medium for electron multiplication; and a solid multichannel structure (14) arranged in the path of the sheet-shaped beam within the chamber, wherein the structure liberates electrons (16a) in response to being exposed to the radiation. An electron detecting means (17d) is provided for detecting the electrons spatially resolved to thereby image the sheet-shaped beam. The structure (14) is of a scintillating material, so that said the structure emits scintillating light in response to being exposed to the radiation; and detecting means (19-20) are provided for detecting scintillating light (18) emitted from the structure.

Abstract: A method of detecting radiation that includes providing a layer of high purity single crystal CVD diamond, applying an electric field of no greater than 0.5 V/?m to the layer, exposing the layer to the radiation thereby generating a signal, and detecting the signal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to increasing the time resolution capabilities of a photon counting imaging device. This is achieved by a photon-counting imaging device for single x-ray counting, including: a layer of photosensitive material; an N×M array of photodetector diodes arranged in the layer of the photosensitive material; an N×M array of readout unit cells including an high gain, low noise amplifying elements, one readout unit cell for each photodetector diode; the readout unit cells being controlled by a data processing elements; each readout unit cell comprising an internal data processing elements allowing to assign an output signal representing an amplifyied signal of the electron hole pairs generated by an incident photon or a predetermined number of incident photons in the respective photodetector diode to a preselectable region of interest; and the assignment of the output signal is accompanied by a time stamp generated by a clock means.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging apparatus includes an imaging means which captures a radiation image based on a radiation pulse emitted from a radiation generator, a radiation pulse detection means which detects the radiation pulse, and a control means which controls the imaging means based on a detection result obtained by the radiation pulse detection means. The control means includes a computing unit which computes the pulse width and period of the radiation pulse based on the detection result obtained by the radiation pulse detection means, and controls the imaging means based on the pulse width and period of the radiation pulse which are computed by the computing unit.

Abstract: The present invention is a directed to a cover assembly for an x-ray detector that incorporates impact-absorbing material designed to absorb the shock, vibration, stress, and strain placed on the detector when dropped or subjected to a load. The cover assembly may include a layer or inserts of impact-absorbing material. Bumpers of impact-absorbing material may also be secured to the x-ray detector cover. Viscoelastic foam or other plastics may be used as the impact-absorbing material.

Abstract: A computerized tomography imaging scanner module includes a plurality of scintillators, a plurality of back-illuminated photodiodes optically coupled with the scintillators, a multi-layer substrate having a plurality of substrate electrical conductors to which the photodiodes are electrically coupled, wherein each of the plurality of substrate conductors is connected to a different one of the back-illuminated photodiodes, and a flexible cable having a plurality of flex electrical conductors to which the substrate is electrically coupled, wherein each of the plurality of flex electrical conductors is connected to a different output of the multi-layer substrate.

Abstract: A calibrated real-time, high energy X-ray imaging system is disclosed which incorporates a direct radiation conversion, X-ray imaging camera and a high speed image processing module. The high energy imaging camera utilizes a Cd—Te or a Cd—Zn—Te direct conversion detector substrate. The image processor includes a software driven calibration module that uses an algorithm to analyze time dependent raw digital pixel data to provide a time related series of correction factors for each pixel in an image frame. Additionally, the image processor includes a high speed image frame processing module capable of generating image frames at frame readout rates of greater than ten frames per second to over 100 frames per second. The image processor can provide normalized image frames in real-time or can accumulate static frame data for substantially very long periods of time without the typical concomitant degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new extractor for a micro-column and an alignment method of the aperture of the extractor and an electron emitter for a micro-column. Further, the present invention provides a measuring system, a method for measuring, and an alignment method using the principle of the alignment.

Abstract: A controlled electron beam and heat will decrease the birefringence of a halogenated optical material under tensile stress. The electron beam and heat irradiation will occur in a chamber under near vacuum conditions. After electron beam irradiation and heating, the crystalline structure of the halogenated optical material layer has been randomized and made amorphous. The electron beam irradiation and heating will lower the high index of refraction of the halogenated optical material under stress and raise the low index of refraction of the halogenated optical material under stress. The differences in index of refraction between the high index of refraction area of and the low index of refraction area decrease which decreases the birefringence of the halogenated optical material under stress.

Abstract: An enhanced transfer system that increases the accuracy and sensitivity of a measurement system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the transfer system includes transfer tubing that transports samples from a spray chamber to an ionizer in a mass spectrometer system. The transfer system also includes a transfer gas line that is connected to the transfer tubing. The transfer gas line supplies a gas that assists with the transferring of the samples from the spray chamber to the ionizer. In one embodiment, the transfer gas line is angled relative to a portion of the transfer tubing. In another embodiment, the transfer gas line is perpendicular relative to a portion of the transfer tubing. The injected gas increases the quantity and quality of the samples transferred to the mass spectrometry system, thereby increasing the overall accuracy and sensitivity of the measurement system.

Abstract: Atmospheric electric acupuncture monitor, according to FIG. 5 consist of an ion generator (1) a feed back generator (4), connecting cables (2) and an insulative cover (3). The ion generator will deliver the ions to the object to be treated (human or animal) resting on the insulative cover. The connecting cable will keep the object to be treated at a fixed potential (usually zero with respect the ground). The feed back unit will monitor the exposure (number of ions per unit time) as well as the total dose (integrated charge) to the object. According to the invention it is possible to control the electric effect released by the ions plating out over the area exposed.

Abstract: A measuring substance (2) is excited by light emitted from a light source (1), fluorescence generated from the substance (2) is directed to transmission-type band-pass filters (4, 6, 8) sequentially, and light having a specific wavelength that has passed through the band-pass filters (4, 6, 8) is detected by light-receiving portions (5, 7, 9). Differences or relative ratios between the signal strengths detected by the respective light-receiving portions (5, 7, 9) are measured to determine a peak wavelength of the fluorescence spectrum, thus identifying the substance (2). With this configuration, a fluorometer can achieve a small size, low cost, and short-time detection.

Abstract: A device for generating radiation or a source based on a discharge includes a cathode and an anode. The cathode and anode material are supplied in fluid state. The material forms a plasma pinch when the device is in use. Optionally, nozzles may be used to supply the material. The cathode and/or anode may form a flat surface. The trajectories of the material may be elongated. A laser may be used to cause the discharge more easily. The laser may be directed on the anode of cathode or on a separate material located in between the anode and cathode.

Abstract: An ion beam implanter includes ion beam forming and directing apparatus and an implantation station where workpieces are implanted with ions from an ion beam. The beam travels along an evacuated path from an ion source to the implantation station. A flexible bellows couples the implantation station to the beam forming and directing apparatus permitting the implantation station to be pivoted with respect to the beam forming and directing apparatus and thereby change an implantation orientation of the workpieces with respect to the ion beam. A replaceable, flexible bellows liner is disposed within an interior region of the bellows to reduce the volume of implantation byproducts deposited on an interior surface of the bellows.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method (apparatus) of processing a semiconductor apparatus, wherein a processing beam is irradiated on a semiconductor apparatus comprising an insulation film and a conductor embedded in the insulation film while the insulation film is scanned from a surface side thereof so that the insulation film and the conductor are burned and cut. The processing method (apparatus) comprises a scanning region setting step for setting a scanning region of the processing beam to a region where a scanning column direction thereof traverses a cut section of the conductor and a beam scanning step for irradiating the processing beam for scanning along the set scanning region, wherein the processing beam used for scanning a final scanning column is supplied with a dosage capable of eliminating a conductive residue generated by the irradiation of the processing beam on the conductor and attached to a cut end surface facing the final scanning column in the beam scanning step.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of a semiconductor device is disclosed, which comprises an implantation source which applies particles or an electromagnetic wave into an implantation region of a semiconductor substrate in a ? direction shifted by an angle ? from a vertical direction of the semiconductor substrate, a first stencil mask disposed between the semiconductor substrate and the implantation source, the first stencil mask having a first opening corresponding in the ? direction to the implantation region, and a second stencil mask disposed between the first stencil mask and the implantation source, the second stencil mask having a second opening corresponding in the ? direction to the implantation region.

Abstract: A gas supply unit supplies gas to a certain space via a channel, and includes a first switch mechanism located in the channel for selectively changing the channel of the gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide calibration for a linear array sensor. A test pattern having a plurality of lines is used. Comparison between expected and measured spacing between a pair of neighboring lines is used to determine sensor position displacement.

Abstract: An image readout apparatus capable of reliably eliminating residual image information remaining on the image recording medium after the image information has been read out from the medium. Linear light is irradiated on the image recording medium from the readout light source constituted by a plurality of electroluminescence elements arranged in stripes, and erasing light for erasing image information recorded on the image recording medium is irradiated on the medium from the erasing light source through the gaps between the electroluminescence elements.

Abstract: A pinch clamp to restrict flow in a flexible tube or hose is provided. The pinch clamp includes two elongated pinching members that are pivotally connected at one end with a threaded tightening member at the other end for selectively securing the pinching members in a closed position when the pinching members are pivoted toward each other. The inner cooperating faces of elongated pinching members have flat cooperating surfaces for engaging the flexible tube or hose.

Abstract: A device for controllably restricting flow through a resilient tube including a block and a pair of generally J-shaped leg members pivotally mounted to the block. The leg members, when pivoted together, together provide a tube support surface. The block is formed with a bore in which there is a rotatable internally threaded sleeve. A jaw member having a threaded shaft is threadedly mated to the sleeve and a knob is fixedly secured to the sleeve for rotation therewith. Accordingly, rotation of the knob moves the jaw member toward and away from the tube support surface to provide desired compression to a length of resilient tubing captured between the jaw and the tube support surface. By pivoting the leg members away from each other, space is provided for installation of the flow restriction device at any desired point along the length of the tubing.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve for exhausting pressure from a pressurized device, includes a valve body that has a first end and a second end, a chamber extending through the valve body, and a valve seat located within the valve body. A valve member comprises a piston and a stem, with the piston shaped so it can be mounted adjacent the valve seat. A spring is mounted within the chamber so as to bias the piston toward the valve seat. In one embodiment a valve cap includes a sidewall shaped to fit around the outside of the second end of the valve body and has a hole through which the stem extends. The valve cap is connected to said valve body in a manner that renders the valve substantially inoperable at the preselected pressure once the valve cap's position is changed. In another embodiment, the stem is a formable wire that extends through the valve body and stem is bent to enable the valve member to move within the valve body.

Abstract: A linear actuator for the control of a valve, includes a motor portion (2) and an actuator device portion (3) comprising a rotatable member (9) provided with a threaded portion (10) matching the threaded portion of a linear displacement threaded bolt (11) the rotatable member being supported by bearings (15, 16) and drivable in rotation by the motor portion. The linear actuator further includes an axially compressible coil spring (19) mounted in a compressed state between a valve head (37) arranged at one end of the threaded bolt (11) and the casing of the actuator, wherein the threaded portion (10) of the threaded bolt is comprised of at least one thread arranged at an angle ? relative to a plane orthogonal to the axial direction of motion of the threaded bolt and wherein the characteristic tan (?) exceeds the friction coefficient ? between the threaded bolt and the rotatable member, so that the motion of the threaded bolt is reversible.

Abstract: A bearing module for a pintle valve including a pintle bearing, bearing spring, and two-part housing. The bearing has an axial face for sealing against an inner axial surface of the housing. The bearing diameter is less than the diameter of the housing, permitting the bearing to float radially. The housing fits into a port in the valve body and also extends over an axial surface of the body, thus forming a seal against the wall of the port and the surface of the body. The bearing spring, preferably a wave washer, is compressed within the housing as the two housing parts are assembled to form the module. In a currently preferred embodiment, the housing further comprises a coking shield extending along the surface of the pintle shaft within the valve port to reduce the tendency for coking gases to enter the bearing module.

Abstract: The present invention provides a valve which makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the vacuum exhaustion pipings for making the facility for the vacuum exhaustion system small, as a result lowering the costs, and making the vacuum exhaustion time short, and also which can prevent the corrosions, cloggings, and seal leakages inside the piping system caused by the accumulation of substances produced by the decomposition of the gas. Specifically, the aluminum passivation is applied on the piping parts, i.e. the valve and others, used in the vacuum exhaustion system to inhibit the gas decomposition caused by the temperature rise at the time of the baking so that components for the reduction in the diameter size in the vacuum exhaustion system are provided. The corrosions, cloggings and seat leakages caused by the gas decomposition are prevented.

Abstract: A valve in which durability of a sealing member made from an elastic material can be increased and sealing capability can be advantageously maintained over a wide range from a large differential pressure to a low differential pressure. A valve (100), in which a valve disc (1) and a valve seat (2) are brought into close contact via a sealing member (5) composed of an elastic material and provided at the valve disc (1) or valve seat (2), comprises a throttle section (30) defined by the shape of at least one of the valve disc (1) and valve seat (2). The throttle section (30) narrows a flow passage formed between the valve disc (1) and valve seat (2) and is provided near the sealing member (5). The flow passage narrowed by the throttle section (30) is so set that narrowing preferentially proceeds in the flow passage in close proximity to the sealing member (5) during the closing operation of the valve disc (1).

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are, for example alkyl; T1, T2 and T3 are independently tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or tetrahydropyran-3,6-diyl; A1 and A2 are, for example 1,4-cyclohexylene; Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are, for example, a single bond; i, j, k, m and n are, for example 0 or 1; and i+j+k+m+n is, for example 2 or 3.

Abstract: The liquid crystal composition includes at least one compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component, has a positive dielectric anisotropy, and has a nematic phase, and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition: wherein R11 and R12 are alkyls having different carbon numbers.

Abstract: A process and solution for treating wood. The process includes providing a periodic acid concentrate with at least 3 wt % periodic acid neutralized to a pH of at least 4 with at least one base selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. The periodic acid concentrate is diluted to form a treatment periodic acid solution with about 0.01 wt % to about 0.5 wt % periodic acid. Wood is treated with the treatment periodic acid solution to form treated wood.

Abstract: A SrRuO3 conductive oxide sintered body characterized in that the relative density is 93% or more. By improving the additive amount and sintering conditions of Bi2O3, the present invention seeks to improve the relative density of a SrRuO3 conductive oxide sintered body, and to provide a conductive oxide sintered body capable of suppressing the generation of particles during sputtering upon forming a thin film and improving the quality and production yield; a sputtering target formed from such sintered body; and the manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powdered lithium transition metal oxide useful as a major component for cathode active material of rechargeable lithium batteries, comprising a lithium transition metal oxide particle, a doped interface layer formed near the surface of the particle, and a thermodynamically and mechanically stable outer layer, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: Thienothiophene monomers having an SF5 group and conducting oligomers and polymers formed by the polymerization of such monomers and their use as hole injection materials, charge transport materials, or as semiconductors. The compound may be of the formula: where X and X? are independently H, halogen atoms (e.g., F, Cl, Br, and I), MgCl, MgBr, MgI, Sn(R?)3, where R? is C1-6 alkyl or —OC1-6 alkyl, boronic acid, boronic ester, —CH=CHR? (where R? is H or C1-6 alkyl), —OC1-6 alkyl, —COOC1-6 alkyl, —S—COR?? and —COR?? (where R?? is H or C1-6 alkyl), —C?CH, or polymerizable aromatic rings (such as phenyl, naphthalene, pyrrole, dithiophene, thienothiophene, thiophene and so forth.

Abstract: Thienothiophenes compositions comprising a C3-8 secondary or tertiary alkyl group are disclosed. The thienothiophenes may berepresented by the formula: where R is C3-8 secondary or tertiary alkyl, e.g., isopropyl, tert-butyl, tert-pentyl, isopentyl, and 2-ethylhexyl, X and X? are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen atoms (e.g., F, Cl, Br, and I), MgCl, MgBr, Mgl, Sn(R?)3, (where R? is C1-6 alkyl or —OC1-6 alkyl), boronic acid, boronic ester, —CH?CHR? (where R? is H or C1-6 alkyl), —OC1-6 alkyl, —COOC1-6 alkyl, —S—COR??, —COR?? (where R?? is H or C1-6 alkyl), —C?CH, and polymerizable aromatic rings such as phenyl, naphthalene, pyrrole, dithiophene, thienothiophene, thiophene and so forth.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dispersions or solutions comprising polythiophene+An? ion complexes in anhydrous or low-water-content organic solvents, characterized in that at least one water-miscible organic solvent or a water-miscible solvent mixture is added to an aqueous dispersion or solution comprising optionally substituted polythiophenes, all or some of the water is removed, and the resultant dispersion or solution is, if desired, diluted with organic solvents.

Abstract: A photosensitive paste composition comprising conductive powders, an inorganic binder and an organic vehicle wherein the conductive powders comprise metal-coated powders is provided. According to the present embodiments, a photosensitive paste composition that has excellent properties such as excellent workability, anti-deterioration, high conductibility and anti-oxidation and an electrode pattern and green sheets can be prepared with low production cost.

Abstract: There is provided a coating composition which can be applied to a substrate such as a plastic lens so as to form a photochromic coating layer having good photochromic properties and excellent adhesion to the substrate on the surface of the substrate. This composition comprises, for example, as monomer components, 0.1 to 20 wt % of monomer having a group which produces a silanol group through hydrolysis such as ?-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 0.1 to 50 wt % of monomer having at least one oxycarbonyl group in a molecule. The composition can further contain a maleimide compound as a monomer component and further desirably contains an amine compound.

Abstract: An electrically operated, resistive memory element includes a volume of resistive memory material, adapted to be switched between different detectable resistive states in response to selected enery pulses; means for delivering electrical signals to at least a portion of the volume of resistive memory material; and a volume of heating material for Ohmic heating of the resistive memory material in response to the electrical signals. The volume of heating material is embedded in the volume of resistive memory material.

Abstract: A switch comprises a set of electrodes with a nanocrystal channel disposed between the electrodes. The nanocrystal channel has bridges between conductive nanocrystals. A gate electrode is disposed above the nanocrystal channel and is insulated there from. Voltage applied to the gate can modulate electrical conductivity of the bridges between the nanocrystals, thus modulating current flowing between the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel metallo-organic compounds which are phosphorescence emitters. Such compounds can be used as active components (functional materials) in a range of different applications which form part of the electronics industry in the broadest sense. The inventive compounds are described by the formulae (1), (1a), (2), (2a), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8).

Abstract: Zinc-oxide nanostructures are formed by forming a pattern on a surface of a substrate. A catalyst metal, such as nickel, is formed on the surface of the substrate. Growth of at least one zinc oxide nanostructure is induced on the catalyst metal substantially over the pattern on the surface of the substrate based on a vapor-liquid-solid technique. In one exemplary embodiment, inducing the growth of at least one zinc-oxide nanostructure induces growth of each zinc-oxide nanostructure substantially over a patterned polysilicon layer. In another exemplary embodiment, when growth of at least one zinc-oxide nanostructure is induced, each zinc-oxide nanostructure grows substantially over an etched silicon substrate layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides inspection methods and structures for facilitating the visualization and/or detection of specific chip structures. Optical or fluorescent labeling techniques are used to “stain” a specific chip structure for easier detection of the structure. Also, a temporary/sacrificial illuminating (e.g., fluorescent) film is added to the semiconductor process to facilitate the detection of a specific chip structure. Further, a specific chip structure is doped with a fluorescent material during the semiconductor process. A method of the present invention comprises: providing a first and a second material; processing the first material to form a portion of a semiconductor structure; and detecting a condition of the second material to determine whether processing of the first material is complete.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for sequencing and identifying a biopolymer. The invention provides a first electrode, a second electrode, a first gate electrode, a second gate electrode, a gate voltage source and a potential means. The gate electrodes may be ramped by a voltage source to search and determine a resonance level between the first electrode, biopolymer and second electrode. The potential means that is in electrical connection with the first electrode and the second electrode is maintained at a fixed voltage. A method of biopolymer sequencing and identification is also disclosed.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to manufacture a thin film transistor having a required property without complicating steps and devices. It is another object of the present invention to provide a technique for manufacturing a semiconductor device having high reliability and better electrical characteristics with a higher yield at lower cost. In the present invention, a lightly doped impurity region is formed in a source region side or a drain region side of a semiconductor layer covered with a gate electrode layer in a thin film transistor. The semiconductor layer is doped diagonally to the surface thereof using the gate electrode layer as a mask to form the lightly doped impurity region. Therefore, the properties of the thin film transistor can be minutely controlled.