Abstract: A mold for press-molding glass elements is disclosed, which comprises a substrate and a protective film; wherein the protective film, being arranged on the substrate, is made of molybdenum-ruthenium (Mo—Ru) alloy instead of those precious metal alloys such as platinum-iridium (Pt—Ir) alloy, iridium-rhenium (Ir—Re) alloy and iridium- ruthenium (Ir—Ru) alloy, etc., being used as the protective film of prior-art molds. According, the mold of the invention can be manufactured at a comparatively lower cost while is capable of being used for press-molding glass elements of high precision and high softening point.

Abstract: Fluorine doping of trench layers in MCVD preforms is enhanced by exposing a silica soot layer, produced by MCVD, to a fluorine-containing gas at high pressure. The high pressure exposure is integrated into the MCVD process.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating and consolidating a porous optical fiber preform in a heating apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a muffle in which the porous optical fiber preform is placed and a plurality of multi-stage heaters attached to an outer circumference of the muffle in a longitudinal direction of the preform. The preform is placed in the muffle such that the multi-stage heaters surround a total length of the preform. The preform is heated and dehydrated in a state in which a temperature of the multi-stage heaters reaches a dehydrating temperature of the preform. A temperature of one heater selected from the heaters is raised to a consolidating temperature of the preform. The dehydrated preform is moved and is passed through a high temperature zone formed by the selected heater in the muffle. The dehydrated preform is consolidated.

Abstract: There is provide an optical fiber processing apparatus and a process method capable of shortening time required for replacing an atmosphere in a treatment container with inert gas and filling with deuterium and of restraining an amount used of expensive deuterium. An optical fiber processing apparatus includes a plurality of containers 1 for processing optical fiber that are spatially coupled by piping, each treatment container 1 including a treatment chamber that can be sealed and accommodate one or more bobbins 4 on which fiber to be processed is wound, in which the treatment chamber is supplied with treatment gas, and the optical fiber is processed by the gas. The treatment gas is deuterium or gas including the deuterium.

Abstract: A glass spacer having no swell at the end portions and no constriction at the middle portion and designed grooves is manufactured by a heating and drawing method. The heat flux output of a line heater for heating a glass base material in a wide area opposed to the glass base material is 95 to 105% of the heat flux output of the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the heater, and the glass base material is heated and drawn with the line heater at a viscosity of 107.0 P or more and less than 108.0 P.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing products of mineral wool, in particular monolayer and multilayer products of rock wool, wherein the mineral wool material of a primary mat (2, 2?) is mechanically comminuted by a combined beating and cutting process into mineral wool flakes (9) of a predetermined size and subsequently recombined for forming a final mat (4). By means of such a treatment of the mineral wool material, practically any inhomogeneities and imperfections in the primary mat (2, 2?) are eliminated, i.e., they are not present any more in the final mat (4). The process of the invention thus results in the final mat (4) in products having a three-dimensional, isotropic fiber structure, which brings about a noticeable economy in the bulk density, at an at least equivalent quality in comparison with conventional crimped products.

Abstract: The present invention provides an installation for fabricating or overcladding an optical fiber preform, which installation includes an inductive torch for producing a plasma from a plasma generating gas and material feed means and is characterized in that said plasma generating gas is a mixture of a first gas chosen from diatomic gases and mixtures of at least two gases and argon in a proportion by volume from 0.5% to 10%.

Abstract: When a target area 4 is designated at an end of a knitted fabric or the like, by sliding the target area 4, the target area 4 is deformed into a target area 5. The design of the knitted fabric is inputted to the target area 5. After the design, the target area 5 is returned to the original position to create a target area 6.

Abstract: A system and method of determining the temperature of a rotating electromagnetic machine, such as an electric motor or generator. A temperature calibration parameter is calculated based on the temperature of an object situated close to the motor, such as a motor drive connected to the motor, and a first resistance value of the winding. In exemplary embodiments, the motor drive and first resistance value are determined only after the motor has been idle for some predetermined time period. Once the calibration parameter is calculated, the processor uses it along with subsequent resistance measurements to calculate the temperature of the motor.

Abstract: A washing-drying/drying machine includes a tub mounted in a cabinet; a drum rotatably disposed in the tub for receiving laundry; a cooling water supply unit for supplying cooling water to condense moisture in air discharged from the drum; and a condensing plate mounted between the drum and an inner wall of the tub for receiving the cooling water to condense the moisture in the air.

Abstract: A drum type washing machine includes a water tub, a drum mounted in the water tub so as to be rotatable a wash operation and a dehydration operation are carried out, the drum including an end plate, a drum support provided on the end plate of the drum and including a mount portion on which a shaft supporting the drum is mounted thereon, and a cover covering the mount portion of the drum support so that the mount portion is rendered substantially planar.

Abstract: A testing medium to which corresponding particles are applied in a defined density. In washing machines, the particles are detached from the testing medium by the mechanical stressing of the testing medium inside the drum, by tumbling, bending or stretching. The physical and/or chemical treatment of the testing medium inside a dishwasher, under various water jets, causes the particles to be detached from the testing medium. The number of particles remaining on the testing medium after the cleaning, washing and/or drying process is a value related to the stressing of the testing medium, and hence to the quality of cleaning and the physical and/or chemical activity of the aggregate during the process. The testing medium can be used in any aggregate which carries out at least one of these processes. Washing machines and dishwashers thus represent only an example.

Abstract: A cable lock includes a case, a locking device and an elastic cable. The case includes a first side and a second side extending from the first side at an angle, a slot defined in the first side, an opening defined in the second side and in communication with the slot. The locking device is positioned in the case for opening and shutting the opening. The elastic cable includes a fixed end secured to the case and a free end formed with a head and a neck of a reduced diameter. Thus, the head can be moved into the case through the opening while the neck is moved in and along the slot. Moreover, the head can automatically be moved out of the case through the opening while the neck is moved out along the slot.

Abstract: An enhanced slide and hook locking mechanism control system for vending machines and the like that utilizes a reversible motor and worm gear drive that operates the slide and hook mechanism. The worm drive is coupled to the slide through a crankshaft type of interconnection. Or as alternatives, the slide means can be gear driven or it may be connected using push-pull type of cable or rod. An electronic control with a microcomputer interface drives the motor control and the system may be operated by a keypad or a remote wireless control device.

Abstract: A drunk driving prevention system includes a steering wheel locking device. The steering wheel locking device may include a first bar including a steering wheel engagement member, a second bar, including a steering wheel engagement member, longitudinally movably mounted with respect to the first bar, and a lock operable to fix the first and second bars longitudinally with respect to each other. A lock cover is movably mounted with respect to said lock. The lock cover is movable between an open position that permits access to the lock and a closed position that prevents access to the lock. A latch is operable to hold the lock cover in the closed position. A breath alcohol measuring device is coupled to release the latch when a driver's breath alcohol level is determined to be less than a predetermined level.

Abstract: A lock with integral pump, comprising: a shackle, the shackle having a first end and a side portion displaced from the first end, the first end including a locking means; a hollow cylinder; a lock barrel at a first end of the hollow cylinder, the lock barrel being adapted to engage locking means in the first end of the shackle; a piston slidable within the hollow cylinder, the piston being adapted to engage the side portion of the shackle; and an air passage located within the hollow cylinder, wherein, in a lock position, the shackle and the hollow cylinder form an enclosed area by engaging the first end with the lock barrel and the side portion with the piston, and in a pump position the side portion is used to push and pull the piston within the hollow cylinder, thereby forcing air through the air passage.

Abstract: A mechanism for an electro-mechanical lock. The mechanism comprises a shackle or strike moveable in a bore. A cam is rotatable between a first cam position in which movement of the shackle or strike in the bore is prevented and a second cam position in which movement of the shackle or strike in the bore is not prevented. A blocking pin is moveable between a first pin position in which rotation of the cam is prevented and a second position in which rotation of the cam is not prevented. A solenoid has a plunger having a stable extended position in which movement of the blocking pin is prevented and a stable retracted position in which movement of the blocking pin is not prevented.

Abstract: An auxiliary lock includes a dustproof support ring mounted to an outer side of a door, a cylinder mounted to the outer side of the door, a cylinder housing mounted to the outer side of the door and securely mounted around the cylinder, a trim enclosing the cylinder housing, and a deadbolt mechanism. The dustproof support ring includes a flange on an inner side thereof. The flange extends into a bore hole of the door and is in contact with an inner periphery delimiting the bore hole. A dustproof wall extends from the flange further into the bore hole and is in contact with the inner periphery delimiting the bore hole. The dustproof wall includes a notch through which a retractor of the deadbolt mechanism extends.

Abstract: The latch protector is a flat, rectangular plate having an angled lip at one end of the plate. The plate has a hole that is dimensioned to allow for passage of a knob bushing of a doorknob. The latch protector is made of metal or a durable plastic. The latch protector prevents an intruder from tampering with the lock spring mechanism or bolt assembly, which is shielded by the protector. The latch protector is installed by placing the latch protector between the escutcheon of a doorknob and the door so that the angled lip protrudes over the edge of the door. No screws, rivets, or anchoring systems are needed to install the latch protector. The latch protector may be used on doors having locking assemblies on either the right or left hand side of the door.

Abstract: A method and device for checking clearance between a stamping die includes a template representative of relative movement between the stamping die and end tool. A template including a surface representing movement of the end tool relative to the stamping die is positioned relative to the stamping die. The position is indicative of a location of the end tool during operation of the stamping die. Contact between the template and the stamping die along the surface representing movement indicates potential contact between the end tool and the stamping die during operation.

Abstract: A press for laminating together a pair of foils has an upper die and a movable lower die, the foil extending. An actuating plate is movable toward and array from the stationary die. A spring is provided between the actuating plate and the movable die. A drive displaces the actuating plate and the movable die carried by the spring thereon toward and away from the stationary die for compressing the foils between the dies when the dies are spaced apart by a predetermined distance equal substantially to a thickness of the foils. A sensor detects movement of the movable die toward the actuating plate with compression of the spring on movement of the actuating plate toward the stationary die. When the sensor detects movement of the movable die when the dies are spaced apart by a distance greatear than the predetermined distance the actuating plate is arrested.

Abstract: In a wire-processing device, the wire executes turns through being pulled out of a drum. The leading wire-end is held by a gripper of a loop-former. A wire that has been cut to length is held at its leading and trailing ends by an untwisting unit, the wire having before the untwisting operation a doubled-backed loop. A transfer unit takes the leading and trailing ends from the loop-former and passes the wire to the untwisting unit. After the untwisting operation, the transfer unit takes the leading and trailing ends of the wire from the untwisting unit and feeds the wire-ends to the processing units that process the wire-ends. A bundling unit is provided after the processing units unit and takes the processed wires from the transfer unit, the bundling unit forming a wire bundle with the wires. With the untwisted wires, the wire bundle has neither doubled-back loops nor knots.

Abstract: In a method of making a metallic thin wire 1, one single metallic thin wire 2 is prepared to have a predetermined length with a middle portion of the one single metallic thin wire 2 as a fixed portion. Front and rear half portions of the one single metallic thin wire 2 are twisted with a tensile weight W applied to the front and rear half portions in the lengthwise direction. The one single metallic thin wire 2 is processed with a heat treatment to remove a residual stress. This provides the metallic thin wire 1 with a high rotation-following capability and high torque transmissibility, thus enabling artisans to usefully apply the metallic thin wire 1 to a main wire component 25 of a medical tool and equipment.

Abstract: A pre-hemming apparatus for use with a hemming die includes a driving member adapted to be centrally disposed below the hemming die. A plurality of link arms are operatively, pivotally connected to the driving member. A lever arm is operatively connected to each link arm. A flanging member is operatively connected to each lever arm at an end thereof. A plurality of mounts for supporting the lever arms are adapted to be mounted to a side of the hemming die. Each lever arm is pivotally connected to one of the mounts intermediate ends of the lever arm. An actuator is operatively engagable with the driving member. Actuation of the driving member moves the flanging members towards the hemming die through the lever arms and the link arms for pre-hemming, and away from the hemming die cycling the apparatus.

Abstract: A hand rivet squeezer with adjustable handles includes a riveting head body, and C-shaped anvil yoke and stationary and lever swing-arm handles attached to the body. A mechanical linkage inside the body converts pivoting forces applied to the lever swing-arm into axial forces applied to a plunger pushing it from inside the body into the C-shaped yoke. The preferred mechanical linkage is a rack-and-pinion type design or alternatively a cam between the lever swing arm and the plunger. The handles are adjustable such that their angle relative the rivet head body can be varied depending on the access available around a solid rivet to be installed. The handles are engaged or locked to the body but may be unlocked or slidably disengaged and pivoted up to 90 degrees relative the body.

Abstract: A compression tool having a pair of jaw arms pivotal between side plates and having inner edges provided with laterally inwardly open opposed spring pin recesses providing an opening therebetween for a spring pin, and a spring associated with the pin and biasing the jaw arms in a closing direction and biasing the spring pin rearwardly of the spring pin opening has one or the other or both the spring pin opening and spring pin modified for the pin to be displaced from the spring pin opening or canted therein in response to a fracture of at least one of the jaw arms outwardly from the corresponding pin recess toward the outer edge of the jaw arm.

Abstract: A metal sheet folding device, particularly a folding press, comprising a table beam stationarily arranged on a machine frame, and a press beam arranged on the machine frame in guide arrangements with a driving device. The press beam is adjustable in relation to the table beam. Furthermore, provision is made for a sheet depositing/positioning device for at least one metal sheet plate or at least one workpiece for intermediately positioning the latter for carrying out a gripping operation with the gripping device of a handling system. The device is supported on the machine frame preferably on the table beam and adjustable in a linear guide arrangement in the direction of the longitudinal expanse of the table beam over at least part of the length.

Abstract: A pre-hemming tool for robotic hemming includes a face and a plurality of sides extending from the face. The perimeter of the face defines an edge. At least one facet is disposed on a side thereof for effecting pre-hemming. The pre-hemming tool is capable of quickly and accurately pre-hemming a variety of workpiece corner configurations.

Abstract: An apparatus for correcting an inertial sensor includes an inertial sensor module, a storage module and a control module. The inertial sensor module measures angular velocity and acceleration of an object moving in a space. The storage module stores predetermined operation information and parameters required to correct the measured acceleration. The control module calculates motion velocity from the measured acceleration using the operation information and the parameters, and corrects the calculated motion velocity for each interval between zero-angular-velocity time instances at which angular velocity about an arbitrary axis is “0”.

Abstract: A metal rod guide (30) supports a metal rod (1) that can be inclined at an arbitrary angle, the support is instantaneously released to produce a free fall state, and during the release period, a first end surface (2) of the metal rod is impacted by a projectile (3) at the same angle as the metal rod, generating an elastic wave pulse in the metal rod. A direct current acceleration sensor (23) detects an acceleration arising when the elastic wave pulse reflects at the other end surface (22) of the metal rod. A strain gauge (25) provided on a side surface of the metal rod and/or a laser interferometer (24) measure strain and end surface motion and the measured values are processed to obtain a frequency response of the direct current acceleration sensor and measure frequency characteristics of the direct current acceleration sensor.

Abstract: The tuft impact tester mounts a test probe in a suspended manner from a tripod arrangement via a gimbals mechanism so that the test probe is able to move along a vertical axis. The test probe is dropped from a predetermined height, the velocity of the test probe is measured prior to impact on a ground surface and the deceleration of the test probe caused by the ground surface is measured. The two values are used to determine the relative hardness of the ground surface.

Abstract: Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) replaces the SAW device used in the gas chromatograph (GC) systems could result in better performance. The use of multiple vibration modes, variable vibration amplitude and overtones could make the sensor detector with self-temperature compensation capability, higher sensitivity and longer sensor life due to reduced aging rate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for synchronously controlling the testing of pluralities of devices, comprising a server, a switch coupled to the server, and a testing instrument coupled to the server. Pluralities of computers are coupled to the server respectively, wherein the pluralities of devices are respectively connected to the pluralities of computers and the switch under testing. The parameters of the pluralities of devices include a first type test item that is testable by the pluralities of computers, and a second type test item that is testable by the testing instrument. The switch includes a RF switch. The server is connected to the testing instrument by a GPIB cable (or other instrument control interface and the server is connected to the pluralities of computers via local area network (LAN) such as Ethernet.

Abstract: A fluid coupling comprises a compliant material, a seal gland having at least one projection configured to contact the compliant material, and a cover plate configured to compress the compliant material into the gland, thus forcing the compliant material against the projection.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining the leakage from injection systems is proposed which is fully automatable and which furnishes unambiguous measurement results, which make a simple decision possible about the tightness of an injection system, in particular of an injector or of an injection valve.

Abstract: A leak testing control assembly for a leak testing system of a type that cooperates with a test part interface that is coupled with a test part. In a broad aspect the leak testing control assembly includes a working fluid generator for applying a working fluid having a fluidic pressure to a test part. A flow controller assembly is coupled to the working fluid generator. The flow controller assembly includes a flow controller element for controlling the flow rate of the working fluid. A pressure level measuring element is positioned relative to the test part for measuring the fluidic pressure. A control system is coupled to the flow controller assembly and the pressure level measuring element. A user interface is coupled to the control system for providing user interaction with the leak testing control assembly.

Abstract: A microfabricated, a nanoliter capillary viscometer includes a first channel that is defined by a first channel-defining surface in a first substrate and a second channel defining surface in a second substrate. The progress of liquid through this first channel is monitored and used to determine viscosity. Viscosities in the range of 1 cP to 1000 cP are easily measured. Self-calibrating versions of the viscometer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for automated loading of liquid sample to a liquid chromatography testing device is provided including installing a disposable tip on a probe, moving the probe with an automated liquid handler to a loading position proximate to a sample, and drawing a sample into the disposable tip. The probe is then moved to an injection position proximate an injection port, and the sample is injected from the disposable tip into the injection port. Also provided are the novel injection ports. After injection of the sample, the disposable tip is then removed from the probe. These steps may be repeated a plurality of times to sequentially load a plurality of samples. An exemplary method of the invention is directed to use with a liquid chromatography apparatus. An apparatus for assisting in the removal of the disposable tip is also provided.

Abstract: An ultrasonic analyser comprising an inlet for receiving, in use, a sample to be analysed, and a pump for drawing the sample, in use, into the analyser. A temperature conditioner conditions the temperature of the input sample and an analysing cell receives the temperature conditioned sample, and passes an analysing ultrasound signal therethrough. Analysing means receives signals from the analysing cell and providing a data output based thereon.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis apparatus and method permit specification of a failed atmospheric pressure sensor in an engine control apparatus having redundant pressure detection systems to ensure failsafe control of the engine. The apparatus includes a calculating unit that calculates a difference between a first atmospheric pressure and a second atmospheric pressure detected in respective pressure detection systems. A first comparing unit outputs an alarm when the difference is larger than a threshold value. A difference calculating unit calculates a first difference between the first atmospheric pressure and a manifold pressure. A difference calculating unit calculates a second difference between the second atmospheric pressure and the manifold pressure. A second comparing unit compares the first and second differences in response to output of the alarm from the first comparing unit while an engine is stopped. The sensor having abnormal function corresponds to the one for which the difference is larger.

Abstract: A slider-disk interface tester for measuring the friction force at the interface uses a “negative-pitch” slider in contact with a rotating disk. The tester includes a base that supports a motor for rotating the disk and an actuator for supporting the slider and moving it to a desired radial location on the disk surface. The slider is connected to the actuator by a rigid arm and a suspension like the suspension used in disk drives. When the disk is rotating, the negative-pitch slider has its upstream or leading portion in contact with the disk surface and its downstream or trailing portion not in contact with the disk surface. A contact pad is located at the leading portion of the slider and is in contact with the disk surface. The tester includes a friction-force sensor and associated measurement circuitry, such as strain gauge, piezoelectric and temperature sensors, and is located at one of several locations on the rigid arm, suspension or slider.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing a failure of an evaporative fuel processing system. The system includes a fuel tank, a canister having adsorbent for adsorbing evaporative fuel generated in the fuel tank, an air passage connected to the canister for communicating the canister with the atmosphere, a first passage for connecting the canister and the fuel tank, a second passage for connecting the canister and an intake system of an internal combustion engine, and a purge control valve provided in the second passage. A pressure in the evaporative fuel processing system is detected. An opening of the purge control valve is controlled by changing a duty ratio of a drive signal which drives the purge control valve. First and second filterings of the detected pressure are performed. A second passing frequency band of the second filtering is narrower than a first passing frequency band of the first filtering.

Abstract: A system for air injection into tires, comprising a rotary air chamber secured to a hub cap wherein the rotary air chamber is configured to inject air into at least one tire when tire pressure drops below a first adjustable preset value and to release air from the at least one tire when tire pressure rises above a second adjustable preset value, an air shaft extending through the hub cap and into the rotary air chamber, an air line attached to the air shaft, and ball bearings affixed between the air shaft and the hub cap. A bracket can be fastened to the hub cap such that the rotary air chamber is fastened to the bracket. The hub cap and air shaft are fastened to the axle such that an air line extends from inside the axle through the air shaft to the rotary air chamber.

Abstract: A tire parameter sensing system (12) for a vehicle (10) comprises a vehicle-based unit (42) for receiving parameter signals. A tire-based unit (34) is associated with a tire (16) of the vehicle (10) and rotates with the tire (16). The tire-based unit (34) is located in a communication zone (134) for communicating with the vehicle-based unit (42) through only a portion of each rotation of the tire (16). The tire-based unit (34) is configured to sense a parameter of the tire (16) and to transmit a parameter signal (54) indicative thereof. The system (12) also comprises means (78) for monitoring the rotation of the tire and for providing rotation information indicative of the monitored tire rotation. The tire-based unit (34) is responsive to the rotation information for transmitting the parameter signal (54) while the tire-based unit (34) is located the communication zone (134).

Abstract: Electrode in an internally lined measurement tube of a magnetic-inductive flowmeter, having an electrically conductive mount which can be loaded mechanically, characterized in that the mount is provided at least on its side facing the measurement tube interior with a multilayer film, comprising at least one first electrically conductive thin film composed of an element of the first or the eighth group in the fourth, fifth or sixth period of the periodic table of the elements, as well as a second electrically conductive thin film, which covers the first thin film and has good resistance to abrasion and corrosion.

Abstract: The apparatus for the preparation of an end-aligned fiber sample comprises an array of fiber combs, a first drive unit, a fiber collection device connected to the first drive unit, a suction device, a detection device and a control unit to control each of the foregoing components. The method for preparing an end-aligned fiber sample uses the control unit to operate each of the foregoing components to prepare an end-aligned fiber sample. The apparatus can be combined with testing units for testing the end-aligned fiber samples. One of the testing units can test for short fiber content. The testing for short fiber content also can employ the detection device of the apparatus.

Abstract: Pressure testing assemblies for use in flow bodies, testing systems, and methods of testing flow bodies are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a pressure testing assembly includes a support member and a plurality of electronic pressure-sensing modules detachably coupled to the support member. The support member includes a plurality of first ports, a plurality of second ports, and a plurality of passageways connecting the first ports to corresponding second ports. The first ports are arranged for attachment to corresponding pressure ports on the flow body. The pressure-sensing modules are positioned at corresponding groups of second ports to measure the pressure at the pressure ports on the flow body.

Abstract: A buoyant platform apparatus, such as a buoy, is described that comprises a laser radar (lidar) wind speed measurement device. The lidar is arranged to make wind velocity measurements at one or more remote probe volumes of known position relative to said platform. The wind speed measurement apparatus may further comprise motion sensing means that, in use, monitor motion of the platform allowing wind speed at an absolute position in space to be measured. Wind velocity data may also be compensated for platform movement.

Abstract: A method for recording information regarding a balance orientation of a limb-receiving member covering a residual limb of an amputee by applying force to a movable alignment device, transmitting light onto the limb-receiving member to define a first balance plane through the limb-receiving member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring a gas consumption by means of a gas meter. A gas meter with thermal mass flow sensor for determining mass flow signals (SM) and with a calibration as energy meter for outputting energy value signals (SE) is known. According to the invention, a gas type is determined by the gas meter insofar as combustible and non-combustible gas mixtures are differentiated. The gas meter is operated, in the case of a non-combustible gas mixture, with calibration in mass or standard volume units (l/min) and, in the case of a combustible gas mixture, with calibration in energy units (kWh). Embodiments concern inter alia: measurement of a gas parameter (?, ?, c, ?) of the gas or determining the gas type; gas quality sensor with an identical construction to thermal flow sensor; measuring intervals lengthened in the case of non-combustible gas and shortened in the case of combustible gas.