Abstract: An oscillating-piston machine comprises a housing, in which a first and at least a second piston are arranged, which pistons can together revolve in the housing about an axis of rotation that is fixed with respect to the housing, and which pistons, as they revolve about the axis of rotation, execute oppositely directed reciprocating pivoting movements about a pivot axis running perpendicular to the axis of rotation and through the centre of the housing, the first piston having a first end face, and the at least second piston having a second end face facing the first end face, the end faces delimiting a working chamber, characterized in that the pistons are arranged in such a way that the axis of rotation runs through the working chamber.

Abstract: A method for controlling a cooling system for an internal combustion engine having first and second cooling fans is provided, comprising operating the first cooling fan at a first rotational frequency which is greater than a combustion frequency of the internal combustion engine and operating the second cooling fan at a second rotational frequency which is less than the combustive vibration frequency of the internal combustion engine. Since the rotational frequencies of the first and second cooling fans are different from the combustion frequency of the internal combustion engine, the resonance between the rotational vibration of the cooling fans and the combustive vibration of the internal combustion engine may be prevented. Also, since the rotational frequencies of the first and second cooling fans are different from each other so that the resonance between their rotational vibrations may be prevented.

Abstract: This Invention relates generally to the free-piston type internal combustion engine, using air by compressing the air, moving the compressed air outward onto the flywheel eba-vane 244, therefor moving the yyy-flywheel 240 in a rotary motion. Transferring energy from the yyy-flywheel 240 directly to the drive eca-shaft 246. The xxx-piston 138 move fore and aft, within the www-cylinder 112, from the combustion aba-chamber 118 to the combustion bba-chamber 128. The exhaust holding abd-area 252 and the exhaust holding bbd-area 258 is an area within the xxx-piston 138 that would be holding some of the exhaust before expelling the exhaust. By holding some of the exhaust this would help the xxx-piston 138 to hold and keep pressure on the air/fuel before air/fuel explodes within the combustion aba-chamber 118 or the combustion bba-chamber 128. The piston aka-rod 148, attached to the xxx-piston 138 at one end, the air ara-piston 172 at the other end, resulting in the fore and aft movement of the air ara-piston 172.

Abstract: An electronic control unit sets a target valve actuation parameter in accordance with an operating state of an internal combustion engine, and controls a variable valve actuation mechanism such that an actual valve actuation parameter of an intake valve becomes equal to the target valve actuation parameter. The variable valve actuation mechanism changes a valve actuation parameter of the intake valve. From before an initial fuel injection is performed to when a starting process of the engine is completed, the electronic control unit sets the target valve actuation parameter to an engine starting valve actuation parameter at which the valve closing timing of the intake valve coincides with or is close to a bottom dead center of the intake valve.

Abstract: The invention proposes a switching element (1) for a valve train of an internal combustion engine, particularly for valve deactivation, with a simple-to-implement measure for adjusting the coupling lash of its coupling means (8) in a receptacle (6) using two retaining rings (19, 20), one of which is stocked in a variety of thicknesses.

Abstract: A variable intake passage is made of a tubular space that is formed with a fixed member and a movable member arranged to face the fixed member and having a relative position with the fixed member changed. The movable member is moved to increase or decrease a distance of an air introducing portion from the combustion chamber to thereby change a passage length. The variable intake passage has a cross section that gradually increases from an upstream side to a downstream side in the air introducing direction. When the passage length of the variable intake passage is changed, the cross section of the air introducing portion of the variable intake passage is changed correspondingly.

Abstract: An intake manifold including a collecting pipe and a plurality of branch pipes comprises a single gas intake port, a gas outlet port opening into each branch pipe, and a gas passage extending to be divided into more than one branch passages from the gas intake port to each gas outlet port. The gas passage is configured so that the branch passages are equal in pressure loss which will be generated between the gas inlet port and each gas outlet port, and the gas passage extends to be branched in stages from the gas inlet port to each gas outlet port, forming a tournament-form configuration which is symmetrical about the gas inlet port. The collecting pipe and each branch pipe are integrally molded of resin. The gas inlet port and the gas passage are provided in a projecting section integrally molded with the branch pipes.

Abstract: An engine balancer system is provided in which a balancer housing disposed so as to face an oil pan beneath a crankshaft is formed by joining an upper housing and a lower housing via mating faces, and the height of the mating faces is lower on a vehicle front side than on a vehicle rear side. Oil discharge holes or discharging oil that is within the balancer housing are formed in the mating faces on the higher side of the balancer housing and in the upper housing above the mating faces on the lower side of the balancer housing. This enables the position of the oil discharge hole on the lower side to be as high as possible, thereby suppressing penetration of oil into the interior of the balancer housing through the oil discharge hole.

Abstract: Cylinder head assemblies including a cylinder head and a piston are disclosed. The cylinder head includes: a recessed valve region including a first and second bulbous portion connected by a waist, the first bulbous portion accommodating an intake valve and the second bulbous portion accommodating an exhaust valve; an intake port passageway having a gradually contoured flowpath between an intake port and the intake valve in the valve region; and an exhaust port passageway having a gradually contoured flowpath between an exhaust port and the exhaust valve in the valve region. The piston includes a recessed region that substantially conforms to the recessed valve region of the cylinder head. Related overhaul kits and methods of making improved cylinder head assemblies are further disclosed.

Abstract: An integrally cast steel piston for internal engines, the cast steel having (a) a composition comprising 0.8% or less of C, 3% or less of Si, 3% or less of Mn, 0.2% or less of S, 3% or less of Ni, 6% or less of Cr, 6% or less of Cu, and 0.01-3% of Nb, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, or (b) a composition comprising 0.1-0.8% of C, 3% or less of Si, 3% or less of Mn, 0.2% or less of S, 10% or less of Ni, 30% or less of Cr, 6% or less of Cu, and 0.05-8% of Nb, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, by mass.

Abstract: Sometime in 1925 when I was thirteen years old, my older brother and I were sitting on the floor of his garage, putting together a motorcycle to become my means of transportation. Suddenly he said, “Jim, figure out a way to make the pistons go around in a circle.”I would have forgotten all about this, had I not known that he had reworked the single cylinder engine of an Indian Junior Scout motorcycle for his ninety pound step-daughter to ride in the races, in the desert above the City of San Bernardino Calif. She was continually beating the Harley-Davidson motorcycles. The pistons in “The Codco engine” of, “The Codco low pressure gas driven engine operating system,” go around in a circle.

Abstract: An apparatus for a rotary internal combustion engine. The engine has three rotating members that orbit about the center of a three-armed rotor as the rotor rotates within a housing with three lobes. The tips of the rotating members engage the lobes and a circular cutout in the rotor as the rotor rotates. A back plate includes inlet and exhaust ports that are sequentially opened and closed by the rotating members and rotor as they move within the housing. A front plate rotates with the rotor and separates the combustion chambers from a planetary gear assembly that ensures the alignment of the rotating members as they orbit the rotor shaft. Fuel is injected after the compression cycle is initiated.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprising: a plunger for opening/closing a fuel path to control the amount of fuel to be injected; a seat portion for the plunger; a plurality of nozzle holes for injecting fuel passed through between the plunger and the seat portion, and the fuel injector further comprising: a nozzle plate provided with the seat portion, and a taper-fuel inlet hole whose diameter is gradually reduced from the seat toward its outlet; and a orifice plate arranged downstream the taper-fuel inlet hole, and provided with a concave portion opposite to the nozzle plate, and a plurality of nozzle holes being formed concentrically at a bottom of the concave, wherein the plurality of nozzle holes are formed so that each nozzle hole has an inclined angle in the direction of the plate thickness within the concave area.

Abstract: An engine adjusts the amount of intake air by cooperative control for the valve duration of the intake valve and the opening degree of the throttle valve. In the engine, the valve duration is fixed to a warm-up valve duration ?w in a low-to-middle speed range of the engine during a period from immediately after starting of the engine to when warm-up is completed. In a high speed range, on the other hand, the valve duration is increased from the warm-up valve duration ?w in accordance with increase in the engine speed Ne.

Abstract: A multicylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with a control system designed to maintain stable HCCI combustion during engine speed/load transitions by: (1) determining “combustion parameter” values such as the maximum rate of pressure rise for each cycle of each cylinder, (2) adjusting engine operating parameters (such as charge-air intake temperature, intake pressure (boost), or charge-air oxygen concentration) to effect a change in the combustion parameter value, (3) thereafter adjusting an engine “control parameter” (e.g., commanded fuel quantity) to each cylinder to maintain a desired target for the combustion parameter value (such as 10 bar/crank angle degree, or a smaller value, such as 6 bar/crank angle degree), and (4) individually adjusting cooling, heating and/or fuel command to deviating cylinders to achieve uniform combustion.

Abstract: An accumulator fuel injection system can be provided with which fuel pressure pulsation in the common rail caused by fuel injection can be suppressed by extremely simple means with a low cost system without using an electronic control device and so on. The accumulator fuel injection system having a common rail for supplying high pressure fuel accumulated in an accumulating room of said common rail through high pressure fuel outlets provided equally spaced along the longitudinal direction of said common rail to the fuel injection valve of each cylinder at predetermined injection timing is composed such that the distance from an end of the accumulating room where a pressure wave generated therein is reflected from to a high pressure fuel outlet adjacent to said end (L1 or L2) is determined in a range of (N+0.25) times to (N+0.375) times the pitch length L of said equally spaced high pressure fuel outlets each corresponding to each cylinder, N being a nonnegative integer.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a fuel system is disclosed. The fuel injector has a nozzle member and a needle valve member slidingly disposed with the nozzle member. The nozzle member has a tip portion, at least one orifice disposed at the tip portion, a base portion, and a female conical seating surface disposed at the base portion. The needle valve member has a tip end configured to selectively restrict fuel flow through the at least one orifice, a base end, and a male conical seating surface disposed between the tip end and the base end. The male conical seating surface is configured to engage the female conical seating surface to restrict fuel flow through the at least one orifice and has a hydraulic surface area greater than a hydraulic surface area of the base end of the needle valve member.

Abstract: To provide a value to be replaced for an output of a manifold pressure sensor in case of failure of the manifold pressure sensor for detecting a manifold pressure for calculating the amount of fuel injection. An abnormality determination unit outputs an abnormal signal when an output voltage of a manifold pressure sensor is not within a predetermined range. A manifold pressure estimating unit calculates an estimated manifold pressure value on the basis of the engine revolution, a throttle opening, and an atmospheric pressure. The manifold pressure estimating unit uses the estimated value as a substitute value of the output of the manifold pressure sensor and continues to control the engine when the manifold pressure sensor has failed.

Abstract: An electromagnetic controlled fuel injection apparatus can be provided in which a housing assembly with two sets each consisting of a solenoid device and an open/close valve device being fixed directly to a housing is fixed to a plunger unit to decrease the length of the fuel passages between the open/close valve devices and a plunger room in order to increase the speed of injection response in two-stage fuel injection for reducing NOx emission while maintaining engine performance and to facilitate mounting of the apparatus on constricted space of an engine.

Abstract: For stopping an internal combustion engine, a stop switch prevents the triggering of the ignition. A controller in the ignition circuit determines the state of the stop switch by evaluating signals on the state of the internal combustion engine, corresponding information data is generated, and a corresponding stop flag is set and/or enabled. Depending on this information, the activation of the ignition switch, that controls ignition spark, is either blocked or enabled by the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving and braking a cutting blade of a lawn mower is disclosed. The apparatus includes a shaft for rotating the blade, and a pulley driven by the engine. The shaft extends through a housing. The apparatus includes means for biasing the pulley toward the housing, and means for translating the pulley away from the housing. The apparatus has a stopped position in which the pulley and housing are in friction contact, and has a cutting position in which the pulley and housing are not in friction contact. When power is delivered from the engine to drive the pulley, the apparatus moves from the stopped position to the cutting position such that the pulley and the housing are not in friction contact and the blade rotates. When power ceases being delivered to the pulley, the apparatus moves from the cutting position to the stopped position such that the pulley and the housing are placed in friction contact and the blade stops.

Abstract: A disc launcher for launching discs including a handle, a pivot arm pivotally attached to or proximate the handle. The pivot arm includes a disc holder. A frame is fixedly attached to or proximate the handle and extends forwardly. A spring mechanism is energized by pivoting the pivot arm to a launching position. The disc is placed in the disc holder such that when the pivot arm is released, the disc is launched into flight due to the force released by the spring mechanism.

Abstract: A Baseball/Softball Training Method and Device Therefor is disclosed. Also disclosed is a device that enables users to experience a very realistic batting practice withouth the high cost associated with an automated pitching machine. The device is low cost and very small in profile. The device further does not require any pitching skill in order to provide a very realistic hitting experience. The game using the device further includes a novel ball that is smaller and much softer than a conventional baseball. Finally, the ball may have holes formed in a portion of its cover to permit the user to create controllable differential drag on one side of the ball when launched to the batter.

Abstract: A bow press for securing an archery bow having limbs. The bow press has a main frame to support other components of the bow press. The main frame includes a main frame cross member, an adjustment mechanism mounted to the main frame, a bow limb flexing assembly mounted to the main frame cross member adapted for receiving the archery bow, and a limb inside contact assembly adapted to secure the archer bow against the bow limb flexing assembly and mounted to the adjustment mechanism, whereby the limb inside contact assembly can be moved to due to actuation of the adjustment mechanism.

Abstract: An apparatus for propelling projectiles generally including a transmission gear set for providing, among other things, a mechanical advantage to an operator inputting energy into the device. The apparatus may also include an energy storage device and a safety rod for ensuring that energy is not released prematurely from the energy storage device.

Abstract: A barrel attachment for a paintball gun is provided to impart spin onto a paintball exiting the barrel of the paintball gun thereby providing projectile drop compensation. The attachment is made up of a structure having an elongated aperture with a first end that attaches over the barrel of a paintball gun thereby extending the barrel. A second end of the attachment has an open passage that is disposed at an angle to the centerline of the barrel so that a spin is imparted onto a paintball fired from the gun as it passes through the open passage.

Abstract: A barrel assembly for delivering non-lethal projectile (pepper ball, for example) to inhibit a living target, using various personal defense launching devices (paintball gun and other compressed-gas-powered launchers, for example), compact and automatic pistols as launching devices, method to launch pepper gel directly with a launching device, methods to effectively and swiftly rupture, spread and disperse the content of the non-lethal projectile to reach a target far away and at very fast speed, and tactical methods of the use of the barrel assembly, a barrel assembly has metal pins installed or built-in at the exit, said metal pins pinch and rupture the non-lethal projectile after said projectile has been accelerated inside the barrel. Variations of the pins include using gear-teeth, orifice or reduced inner diameter of the barrel at the exit, near the exit or in the middle of the barrel.

Abstract: A skid plate for a concrete saw is integrally cast having two end mounting portions and a middle portion with a slot in the middle portion. A horizontal slot in a leading end mounting portion cooperates and a vertical slot in the trailing end portion releasably engage pins on the saw to allow the skid plate to be easily fastened to and removed from the saw. A spring loaded latch mechanism holds the pins in the slots.

Abstract: The Kinoko is a three piece barbecue grill that uses a lower section as a small grill, or by adding the larger section, it becomes a large capacity grill or smoker. The lid is a bell shaped dome that will cover either section. By using the cast grill with the lower half, the Kinoko becomes a hibachi. Also the caste grill will also keep direct heat away from the meat in the smoking process, and allows the use of propane with the larger upper half The wok can be used to stir fry vegetables or as a fryer.

Abstract: A cooking oven is configured for use with a separate heat source such as a gas grill having one or more burners. The oven includes a housing defining an interior cooking area. A grill engaging element extends from the housing for supporting the housing on the grill over the heat source. The grill engaging element defines a passage leading to an opening in a bottom of the housing, permitting heated air to flow from the heat source into the interior of the oven. The oven has a door providing access to the interior cooking area, as well as a vent leading from a top of the housing. The cooking oven is configured to be located over burners of the grill for cooking food items.

Abstract: An electric fireplace includes a mantel enclosure, flame simulating assembly and a mantel shelf light source. The mantel has a shelf with an opening on the top surface extending into the mantel enclosure. A light transmitting panel is provided in the opening of the top surface of the shelf. A light source is positioned in the mantel enclosure to direct light upward through the light transmitting panel to illuminate objects and surfaces on, near or above the mantel shelf. A light reflector element is positioned to redirect light from the light source upwards through the light transmitting panel. The mantel shelf light source is connected to the flame simulating assembly electrical supply connection with control circuitry to allow operation of the mantel shelf light independent from the flame simulating assembly.

Abstract: A solar energy water heater includes a water pipe and a plurality of solar heat units transversely extended from the water pipe, wherein each solar heat unit includes a heat collecting tube is adapted for heating up the water within the heat collecting tube and a heat transferring tube disposed in the heat collecting tube to define a water conduit. The heat transferring tube has a water channel and an outer opening end extended towards to an outer closed end of the heat collecting tube to communicate the water channel with the water conduit of the heat collecting tube such that the water is guided to flow from the water inlet to each of the solar heat units to circularly flow between the water conduit and the water channel thereof so as to substantially heat up the water before flowing out at a water outlet of the water pipe.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for supplying a respiratory gas, a humidifying apparatus, a respiratory gas tube and a connecting apparatus therefor. The apparatus of the invention includes a blowing device for delivering the respiratory gas, a housing device which has a bottom region, a top surface region and a side region extending upwardly between the top surface region and the cover region, as well as a connecting device for connecting a humidifying apparatus for humidifying the respiratory gas, wherein the connecting device is arranged in the side region of the apparatus in such a way that the humidifying apparatus can be laterally coupled thereto. The humidifying apparatus according to the invention is distinguished by a partial amount discharge device for passing a partial amount of the liquid pre-stored in a liquid storage space into a humidifying region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dispensing devices and in particular to spray devices which are used to dispense pharmaceutical compositions in a controlled and safe manner.

Abstract: A combination of an SCBA system for providing bottled air to a user and a PAPR system for purifying ambient air for use by a user wherein the two systems are used alternatingly depending on the contaminated condition of the ambient air and the oxygen content of the ambient air.

Abstract: Dry powder inhalers with integrated active energy patient assist dispersal systems are configured with control systems which provide adjustable energy output responsive to the user's inspiratory capabilities and/or the flowability of the dry powder drug being administered. The multi-dose dry drug package includes a piezoelectric polymer substrate (such as PVDF) which flexes to deform and provide mechanical oscillation in a selected region of the package corresponding to the dry powder drug dose in the exit flow path and is thus actively dispersed into the exit flow path of the inhaler during the user's inspiratory activity. Control systems employ fuzzy logic models of the flowability of particular drug formulations (also being able to compensate or allow for the particular type of excipient used) and/or adjust for the real-time measured inspiratory efforts of the user.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for treating an individual suffering from decompression sickness, a gas mixture that can be used to treat the individual, and an apparatus that can be used to administer the gas mixture. The method includes administering a gas mixture of oxygen and a therapeutically effective amount of nitric oxide gas to the individual. The gas mixture can include a mixture of oxygen, helium and, nitric oxide gases. The gas mixture can be administered using an apparatus that can be worn by the individual. The apparatus includes dispensers for gases, a gas blender to mix the gases, an inspiratory passage, a face mask substantially conformable with the individual's face, and an expiratory passage. When the individual wearing the face mask inhales, the gas mixture travels from the gas blender, through the inspiratory passage to the face mask. The gas mixture is then inhaled by the individual.

Abstract: A bag mask resuscitator including flexible tubing having a proximal end and a distal end with the proximal end engaged to a resuscitation bag and the distal end adapted for engagement with a valve assembly is disclosed. The valve assembly includes a coupling member adapted for quick engagement and disengagement of the flexible tubing from the valve assembly using a simple action.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component for an inhalation device comprising a first flow channel for inhalation, a second flow channel for exhalation, a mouthpiece forming a part of the first flow channel, a filter assigned to the second flow channel and a protection element which circumferentially surrounds the mouthpiece and is sealingly connected the mouthpiece at the end opposing the tip of the mouthpiece.

Abstract: An application device for a breathing mask arrangement includes a base portion, a holding portion structured to support a mask and pivotally mounted to the base portion for pivotal movement about a first pivot axis, a right arm element pivotally mounted to the base portion for pivotal movement about a second pivot axis, and a left arm element pivotally mounted to the base portion for pivotal movement about a third pivot axis. The right and left arm elements are each provided with a contact portion for bearing against a right and a left forehead zone respectively of a mask user. The holding portion, the right arm element, and left arm element can be pivoted with respect to the base portion about the respective first, second, and third pivot axes.

Abstract: A patient interface gas delivery mask having a forehead and chin support system including a forehead support, a chin support, and a system for supplying a flow of gas to a patient that incorporates such a mask, forehead support, and chin support. The forehead support includes a supporting arm which is adjustably mounted to the mask shell, thereby allowing the adjustment of the distance between the forehead support bracket and the mask shell in order to adjust for patient's of different sizes. A forehead support bracket is pivotally connected to the support arm. Likewise the chin support is also adjustably mounted to the mask shell.

Abstract: A disposable sterile medical or surgical procedure drape with pre-attached disposable sterile instruments for use in a selected medical or surgical procedure is provided. The disposable sterile medical or surgical procedure drape basically comprises a drape having a size for covering an operating table and a patient thereon and having a fenestration formed therein, a patient heat distributing pad pre-attached to the bottom side of the drape, an absorbent cloth surrounding the fenestration pre-attached to the bottom side of the drape, a cover for the fenestration in the drape pre-attached to the top side of the drape, and the surgical instruments and connecting tubes or wires required to accomplish the medical or surgical procedure pre-attached to the drape.

Abstract: A disposable surgical drape for use in cardiovascular surgical procedures which may optionally be used to isolate a sterile pumping mechanism from a non-sterile pump driving mechanism and/or provide support for medical equipment, such as medical tubing.

Abstract: A control hood for blindfolding a person, comprising, an elongated handle, a ring attached to the handle, where said ring includes at least one peripheral flange, and a pliant blindfolding hood for covering the head and upper neck of a person and having an opening with elastic perimetric edges in one end thereof, said edges adapted to be mounted on the ring around its perimeter

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed that automatically interject brain activations into video imaging activities or other activities of daily living. During a video game, for example, an interrupt causes a pause in the game and a commencement of an activity involving but not limited to bilateral portions of the body, the peripheral vision of the game-player, and a visual pursuit-type and saccadic-type action on the video screen. Alternatively, the brain activation can be merged into the content of the video game so as to be generally indistinguishable to the user. Automatic feedback from the system encourages more frequent brain activations when performance is determined to be diminished and less frequent brain activations when performance is determined to be enhanced. The combination of events in the activity is believed to engage the frontal lobes of the brain as well as other brain structures and stimulate brain health.

Abstract: An nstrumented thoracic model for measuring the effects of impacts is provided. The model has simulated skeletal components, simulated tissue, simulated internal organs, and sensors that are optimally placed in the simulated tissue and organs, said simulated organs and said simulated skeletal components. Simulated human tissue is made of a modified ballistic gelatin, comprising ordinance gelatin, chilled water and an antimicrobial agent in a desired volume or weight percentage. The resulting mixture is then poured into a container or mold having the desired tissue shape, and then chilled until the mixture has set. Simulated lung tissue is made of the modified ballistic gelatin, but also incorporates nicrospheres to approximate the density and modality of the lungs.

Abstract: Filter, method of forming filter, and filter cigarette. The filter includes at least a first filter component composed of polyethylene fibers and a second filter component composed of a granulate. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A nicotine inhalation pipe includes a rodlike nicotine holder (1) and a mouthpiece (2) attached to one end of the holder (1). The holder (1) includes a transparent outer tube (3) having a plurality of openings (36) at both ends thereof, liquid absorbent granules (34) filled in the outer tube (3), and a nicotine inhalation path formed by gaps between the liquid absorbent granules (34) and gaps between the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube (3) and the liquid absorbent granules (34). The liquid absorbent granules (34), which are made of porous silica gel and in which a nicotine solution is absorbed, permit nicotine to be vaporized from the nicotine solution.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to tobacco and tobacco products having a reduced amount of nicotine and/or tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA). More specifically, several ways to make tobacco plants that have reduced nicotine and TSNA levels have been discovered. Embodiments include tobacco harvested from said tobacco plants, cured tobacco from said tobacco plants, tobacco products made with said cured tobacco and methods of making these compositions.

Abstract: The invention features tobacco compositions and methods of their use and manufacture. Compositions of the invention may be based on a variety of technologies. Technologies include films, tabs, shaped parts, gels, consumable units, insoluble matrices, and hollow shapes. In addition to tobacco, compositions may also contain flavors, colors, and other additives as described herein. Compositions may also be orally disintegrable. Exemplary compositions and methods of their manufacture are described herein.