Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatus for determining downhole mud flow rates and other downhole parameters. A method for determining a downhole parameter includes operating a pulsed neutron generator (6), pulsing the pulsed neutron generator (6) off, detecting a substantially unactivated drilling fluid slug at a known distance (d) from the pulsed neutron generator (6), and determining a time-of-flight (t) for the unactivated drilling fluid slug to travel from the pulsed neutron generator (6) to a detection point.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement (1) for a tachometric sensor of an automatic transmission (4) of a motor vehicle, which encompasses a module carrier (2) in which a part of a sensor housing (3) is integrated. The sensor housing (3) is secured in the module carrier (2) or in the transmission housing (4) by way of a guide in the plane and is so affixed as to prevent turning and an apparatus (5) for the generation of a prestress force by way of which the sensor housing (3) is pressed in the direction of the signal disk by way of a projection (8, 8?) acting against the sensor housing (3).

Abstract: A liquid flow meter including a compartment containing a pivotable volumetric measuring container with a counterbalance weight. The movement created by the counterbalance weight about the axis of rotation maintains the static filling rotational position until a specified volume capacity is achieved.

Abstract: A thermal accelerometer comprising two detector strands having resistivity that is temperature sensitive, a detector member for detecting a temperature difference between the detector strands, a feedback member for establishing temperature equilibrium between the detector strands by supplying the detector strands with pulse feedback signals of variable width, a member for calculating acceleration, and a multiplexer member connected to the detector strands, to the detector member, and to the feedback member so as to perform the following in alternation: measuring the temperature difference between the detector strands; and providing the detector strands with the feedback signals, the widths of the pulse signals being determined by comparing a sawtooth signal with DC signals representative of the temperature difference between the detector strands.

Abstract: The device for coupling a tachometer and an airplane wheel includes an elastically deformable sleeve defining, at each of its axial ends, a drive recess suitable for co-operating with a complementary endpiece fitted in the recess.

Abstract: A circuit breaker detects a loose electrical connection condition of a power circuit. The circuit breaker includes first and second lugs, first and second acoustic couplers acoustically coupled to the power circuit, separable contacts electrically connected in series between the first and second lugs, and an operating mechanism adapted to open and close the contacts. An acoustic generator is coupled to the second acoustic coupler and generates a first acoustic signal to the power circuit from the second acoustic coupler. An acoustic sensor is coupled to the first acoustic coupler and has a second acoustic signal which is operatively associated with the loose electrical connection condition. The acoustic sensor outputs a sensed acoustic signal. A circuit cooperates with the acoustic generator to generate the first acoustic signal, input the sensed acoustic signal, and detect the loose electrical connection condition therefrom.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring liquid conductivity utilizing an acoustic wave sensor. In general, an acoustic wave device can be provided with one or more interdigital transducers, including at least a first interdigital transducer and at least a second interdigital transducer having a cavity formed therebetween, wherein liquid comes into contact with the cavity. For example, a liquid, such as oil, may flow through the cavity. A measurement of the resistance and/or frequency of the acoustic wave device next to the cavity can be performed in order to obtain data indicative of the conductivity of the liquid.

Abstract: A diagnostic system and method for a valve, especially a check valve of a positive displacement pump, including at least one solid-borne sound sensor is provided. A first value of a parameter of a sound signal recorded in the closed state of the valve and a second value of a parameter of a sound signal recorded in the open state of a valve are determined essentially. A signal indicating a disturbance is issued if the deviation between the first value and the second value exceeds a predefined threshold value, resulting in particularly good insensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining a spatial distribution of a physical parameter inside an object including at least two transmitters configured to transmit measurement signals, in which each measurement signal is one of an electromagnetic signal and an ultrasound signal, and at least one of the measurement signals induces a propagating change of the physical parameter. The apparatus also includes at least one receiver configured to receive at least one of the measurement signals so as to enable an analysis of the propagating change and determine the spatial distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flaw detector imaging apparatus for detecting and visualizing a flaw in a target material to be investigated, comprising an ultrasonic phase-array probe comprising an array of ultrasonic transducers and a flaw detector. The flaw detector includes at least one trigger channel to trigger ultrasonic emitting transducers of the array at respective time delays to produce an ultrasonic beam propagating through the target material, and at least one receiver channel to receive echo signals produced by ultrasonic receiving transducers of the array in response to ultrasonic wave echoes reflected from a flaw in the target material. The receiver channel comprises a delay circuit imparting to the received echo signals the respective time delays as used in the triggering of the ultrasonic emitting transducers and a combiner of the delayed echo signals.

Abstract: A sensor system for determining the position of at least one edge of at least one web material traveling along a predetermined path. In one embodiment, the sensor system has at least one transmitter block having a plurality of transmitters capable of selectively transmitting ultrasonic signals and at least one receiver block having a plurality of receivers capable of generating receiver output signals in response to the receivers receiving at least a portion of the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the at least one transmitter block. The receiver block is spaced a distance from the transmitter block so as to define a sensor field of view therebetween whereby at least a portion of the at least one web material traveling along a predetermined travel path interferes with at least a portion of the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the at least one transmitter block.

Abstract: A method of operation of a vehicle wheel balancer system for identifying an imbalance correction weight mode which an operator desires to utilize during an imbalance correction procedure without requiring the operator to manually input or select an imbalance correction weight mode prior to beginning the placement of the imbalance correction weights. The imbalance correction weight mode is determined from operator guided movements of one or more dataset arms which identify if an operator-selected imbalance correction weight placement plane is associated with a clip-on imbalance correction weight, an adhesive imbalance correction weight, or a patch-type imbalance correction weight.

Abstract: Disclosed are various systems and methods to generate rotary motion. In one embodiment, a system is provided, which comprises one or more anchors, and a mass configured for rotary motion. Also, one or more compliant two-position mechanisms are attached to the mass and to the one or more anchors. The compliant two-position mechanisms restrict the rotary motion of the mass from a first angular position to a second angular position.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a measuring cell having a base plate and a measuring membrane connected along its edge with the base plate, and means for generating an electrical quantity dependent on deformation of the measuring membrane; a circuit for registering the electrical quantity; and a capsule having a capsule body and a sealing element, with which the capsule is hermetically sealed along a joint. The capsule encloses the circuit, in order to protect such from influences of moisture; and the joint of the capsule is mechanically decoupled from the base plate. The mechanical decoupling of the joint means, for example, that at least the axial support of the pressure measuring cell in a housing is not allowed to be transferred through the joint. Despite arranging of the capsule on the base plate, pressure-related and temperature-related distortions of the base plate are not permitted to have any effects on the joint of the capsule.

Abstract: Kinematic parameters of a parallel kinematic machine can be estimated with high precision considering thermal displacement and error of a measuring device, in addition to deformation error caused by self-weight of each component. A DBB device is used when end effectors of a parallel kinematic mechanism machine are positioned at plural positions and in plural postures. In the DBB device, a plurality of support bars are provided with rigid balls on the both ends. One of the balls is fixed on a table and the other ball is provided with an end effector. The position, posture, and distance from a fixed position are measured and based on the measured value kinematic parameters are estimated. In estimating the kinematic parameters, any of deformation error caused by self-weight of each component, thermal displacement of each component, error of a measuring device are added for computation by linear approximation.

Abstract: A gauge includes a wire, a housing, a coil, a processor, and a power supply. The wire is mounted in the housing to vibrate at a natural frequency. The coil is magnetically coupled to the wire. The processor is connected to provide a digital signal to the coil and the processor is further connected to detect when the wire is vibrating. An embodiment provides an efficient technique to excite the wire into vibration. Another embodiment enables long term operation from a small battery. Another embodiment enables wireless communications to be used, eliminating the need for cable runs.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring a structure, said sensor comprising a network of interconnected electrical pathways, wherein an electrical property of the pathways (preferably at least one of the impedance, the capacitance, the inductance and the resistance) is arranged in use to be responsive to a change in a predetermined physical property of the structure. The sensor network may comprises a first sub-network of pathways and a second sub-network of pathways, the first and second sub-networks being superposed. A method of monitoring the structural health of a structure having the aforementioned sensor comprising the steps of monitoring an electrical property of the sensor, measuring changes in the monitored electrical property in order to identify and locate a structural event across the sensor, assessing the level of damage by comparing the measured change in the electrical property with that for known strain events, and sending an alert in the event the damage is assessed as significant.

Abstract: A system for measuring both caliper and tension of a web such as paper wound into a roll. The system may include a standard caliper sensor whose air supply is selectively modified to allow for both the measurement of caliper and tension of the web. In another embodiment two similar or identical measurement devices are installed in tandem where one device measures tension without pinching the sheet and the other device measures caliper. The sensor may include two sheet guides for providing support for tension measurement or one or both sheet guides can be eliminated by support from machinery rolls.

Abstract: A flowmeter can measure a small flow rate of fluid with high measurement precision, can be made small-sized, can deal with a variety of types of chemicals, and can be produced easily at a low cost. The flowmeter including: a casing having an enlarged portion and disposed vertically; a float, enclosed in the enlarged portion of the casing and at least partly having a detection surface, which is to be pushed up by a fluid flowing from below into the casing and flowing upwardly in the casing; and at least one displacement sensor, disposed outside the enlarged portion of the casing, for detecting an axial displacement of the float by magnetizing the detection surface of the float.

Abstract: Sensor systems, methods of making sensor modules and circuit modules, and methods of making expanded sensor systems including the sensor modules and circuit modules. A sensor module can include a flexible substrate, internal conductor lines, edge conductor lines for module interconnection, and sensors integrated thereon. One sensor module includes an array of interconnected capacitive pressure tactile sensors (taxels), being row addressable from address lines and readable through data lines. The sensor modules can be bonded to each other to form a larger array of sensors. One bonding method utilizes anisotropic conductive paste (ACP). The sensor system provided can be flexible and easy to expand to cover large areas. By using various sensor modules, the sensor system can be used for various applications. Readout modules can be coupled to the exterior edges to read all the individual sensors. Applications include robotic skin and wearable sensor fabrics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for placing a receptacle in a device for sampling liquid It also consists of a device for sampling a liquid present in the receptacle, enabling the method of placing said receptacle to be applied. This method consists in placing the receptacle, such as a bottle, having an opening and containing a liquid of interest, in a device for sampling the liquid, the sampling device essentially consisting of a sampling needle, the method consisting in a linear movement of the receptacle and a simultaneous pivoting movement of the needle, during which movements the free end of said needle is moved between a terminal position outside said receptacle and a terminal position inside it, the longitudinal axis of the needle and the perpendicular plane of the opening forming a substantially constant intersection during the placing of the receptacle. The preferred industrial application of the invention is to the field of in vitro diagnosis.

Abstract: A system for collecting soil solution samples including a sampling device arranged to contact soil and coupled to a vacuum source, and a suction unit for automatically controlling pressure and time of operation of the vacuum source to provide suction for withdrawing solution from the soil through the sampling device and abrupt release of the vacuum at the end of a pre-defined sampling period, and a method for collecting soil solution samples including coupling a sampling device to a vacuum source, planting the sampling device in soil to be monitored, automatically controlling pressure and time of operation of the vacuum source to provide suction for withdrawing solution from the soil through said sampling device, and automatically stopping the vacuum source and abruptly releasing the vacuum at the end of a pre-defined sampling period.

Abstract: An accelerated weathering test apparatus of the type including a test chamber, a test specimen mount for supporting test specimens having an exposure surface oriented toward a light source, a controller for adjusting a power level to the light source, and a non-contact temperature sensor oriented to monitor, in real time, an operating temperature of the exposure surface.

Abstract: The pipeline locator/coordinate mapping device is a tool to be utilized for the location of pipeline coordinate data points via a Cartesian coordinate system. The device will initiate from a known origin or datum with horizontal, X coordinate; longitudinal, Y coordinate; and vertical, Z coordinate respectively being equal to zero. As the device traverses internally through the pipeline, away from the origin or datum, a time increment will correspond to the recorded data, pressures and accelerations, and hence allow the positional coordinate points along the pipeline to be derived in three dimensional space for incremental positions versus time. By analysis of the data displacements from the origin or datum in succession, the pipeline may be located and mapped in an as-built position from a frame of reference, i.e. longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates along the earth.

Abstract: Methods for the quantification of hydrophilic properties of a porous material, as well as determining a depth of damage of a porous material are disclosed. An example method includes performing a first ellipsometric measurement on the porous material using a first adsorptive having a first wetting angle. The example method further includes performing a second ellipsometric measurement on the porous material using a second adsorptive having a second wetting angle, wherein the first and second wetting angles are different towards the porous material. The hydrophilic properties of the porous material are determined based, at least in part, on the first and second ellipsometric measurements.

Abstract: A support of a displacement-detection device for detecting a relative displacement of a movable member with respect to a fixed member includes an attaching section to be fixed to the fixed member or the movable member, a pair of first spring arms extended from the attaching section, a first turn-back section coupled to top ends of the pair of first spring arms, a pair of second spring arms extended from the first turn-back section toward a returning direction, a second turn-back section coupled to top ends of the pair of second spring arms, a pair of third spring arms extended from the second turn-back section toward another returning direction, and a sensor-fixing section coupled to top ends of the pair of third spring arms. A displacement-detection sensor is to be fixed to the sensor-fixing section. Bending angles of the pair of first spring arms and the pair of third spring arms and a bending angle of the pair of second spring arms cancel each other out.

Abstract: In a geared motor, a worm wheel, an O-ring, a transmission plate and an output gear are installed to a support shaft. The O-ring is placed in an inner space of a receiving through hole of the transmission plate, through which the support shaft is received. Grease is applied to an outer peripheral surface of the support shaft. A grease relief passage, which relieves the grease, extends between the output gear and the transmission plate.

Abstract: A device for controlling a vehicle, especially an aircraft, helicopter, or simulator, comprising a handle which is mounted so as to be movable about two axes (A, B) that are located approximately perpendicular to each other. The axes (A, B) are located on different planes (E1 and E2 or E1 and E3) and are offset relative to each other.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus comprises a case defining a cavity, moveable parts arranged within the cavity, fixed parts arranged within the cavity, the fixed parts including parts moveably supporting the moveable parts, a wall at least partly constituting said case, and a thin wall portion formed in the wall, the thin wall portion being constantly pressed in an outward direction of the cavity by one of the fixed parts, so as to increase its rigidity. Membranous vibration of the case wall may be effectively controlled and the radiation noise from the transmission apparatus can be reduced without increasing the thickness of the transmission case wall or arranging ribs on it.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for handling semiconductor materials, a robot arm includes a tubular shaft having a distal end and a proximal end. A distal block disposed over the distal end is detachably secured to the distal end and a proximal block disposed over the proximal end is detachably secured to the proximal end. The tubular shaft, which has an adjustable length, is formed from a warp-resistant material that has sufficient strength to maintain a longitudinal axis alignment of the tubular shaft within a predefined tolerance. The distal block and the proximal block are customized to substantially match corresponding features of a legacy robot arm, thereby enabling a complete replacement of the legacy robot arm.

Abstract: A movement device (1) having a Stewart platform includes a movable platform (9) that has platform joints (8) connecting it in an articulated manner by at least six rods (6) to a base (3). The rods (6) have base joints (7) resting in an articulated manner on carriages (4, 5) that can be displaced in the longitudinal direction on rails (2a, 2b) that are fixed to the base. Each carriage (4, 5) has a dedicated drive, and the carriages (4, 5) can be moved independently of one another. Exactly two rails (2a, 2b) are provided, and each rail (2a, 2b) supports at least three carriages (4a, 4b, 4c and 5a, 5b, 5c).

Abstract: A cable guide configured to be connectable to a bicycle and, preferably, permit movement of a bicycle control cable relative to the cable guide. The guide includes a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, and an intermediate portion between the first and second end portions. The body has an internal passage that is sized to accommodate a bicycle control cable and permit the control cable to slide within the internal passage along a longitudinal axis of the guide. A cross-sectional area of the internal passage is enlarged at at least one of the first and second end portions relative to the intermediate portion. In one arrangement, the cable guide is constructed of multiple pieces to permit assembly over an installed control cable.

Abstract: A bi-directional clutch to be equipped on a vehicle, which is selectively automatically clutched off for putting the vehicle into a two-wheel drive mode or clutched on for putting the vehicle into a four-wheel drive mode, in correspondence to a condition of the vehicle during either forward traveling or backward traveling. The invention also relates to a vehicle equipped with the bi-directional clutch.

Abstract: A differential assembly includes a yoke, attached to a drive shaft, for driving a pinion head. The differential assembly further includes inner and outer pinion bearing assemblies, a separable mounting plate, and a cavity defined by a housing for receiving a pinion assembly. The outer pinion bearing assembly is integrally mounted to the housing, while the inner pinion bearing assembly is secured to the separable mounting plate. The pinion head is straddle mounted between the inner and outer pinion bearing assemblies.

Abstract: A turret includes a central shaft, a piston sleeve positioned around the central shaft and having moving sticks thereon, a push rod, an actuating seat, and internal and external turrets; the piston sleeve is left and right movable by a power source; the moving sticks are passed through a ringed sleeve, which props a push rod passed through a fixed clutch claw, and facing the actuating seat; the actuating seat includes a rotary shaft, a pivotal shaft, and a toothed ring seat; the piston sleeve can be moved such that the moving sticks and the push rod move forwards, and the rotary shaft engages the toothed ring seat for a tool of a straight tool seat to function; alternatively the piston sleeve can be moved such that the moving sticks and the push rod move backwards, and the rotary shaft disengages the toothed ring seat for allowing replacement of the toothed ring seat.

Abstract: A powder raw material is prepared by mixing at least two kinds of powders selected from a powder A, a powder B, a powder C, and a powder D. A sintered body of a magnetic material having an NaZn13 crystal structure phase is formed by heating the powder raw material while applying a pressure treatment. The powder A is at least one of elemental powder of element R selected from Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb. The powder B is at least one of elemental powder of element T selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cr. The powder C is at least one of elemental powder of element M selected from Si, B, C, Ge, Al, Ga, and In. The powder D is a compound powder composed of at least two kinds of elements selected from the element R, the element T, and the element M.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Fe—Ga—P—C—B—Si based metallic glass alloy particle prepared by a gas atomizing process, which has an approximately complete spherical shape, a relatively large particle size and a high crystallization temperature (Tx). The plurality of particles may be subjected to a spark plasma sintering process at the crystallization temperature or less under a compression pressure of 200 MPa or more, to provide a bulk Fe-based sintered metal soft magnetic material of metallic glass, which has a high density, a single phase structure of metallic glass in an as-sintered state, excellent soft magnetic characteristics applicable to a core of a magnetic head, a transformer or a motor, and a high specific resistance.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrophobic metal nanoparticles using a hydrophobic solvent, having uniform particle size distribution and high yield rate to allow mass production; the metal nanoparticles thus produced; and conductive ink including the metal nanoparticles are disclosed. According to one aspect of the invention, a method of producing metal nanoparticles is provided, comprising dissociating a metal compound with an amine-based compound, and adding a hydrocarbon-based compound and either one of an alkanoic acid or a thiol-based compound to the dissociated metal ion solution.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing a coating from a coated magnesium alloy product. The method includes a first treatment step of immersing the coated magnesium alloy product in a first alkaline solution, and a second treatment step of immersing the magnesium alloy product, which has undergone the first treatment step, in a second alkaline solution or in an acid solution. The second alkaline solution is different from the first alkaline solution.

Abstract: The method introduces additives into a flowing melt or fluidized metallic/ceramic powder media in a pulsed high pressure manner. The nozzle needle of at least one nozzle is variable and highly precisely moved for the introduction by means of a device and in such a way that additive is dosed exactly in relation to the volume flow of the medium. The pulsating additive stream is injected into the flowing medium by at least one well-aimed nozzle opening. The additives are dosed by means of a pressure that can be variably adjusted by pulse width and pulse frequency. The desired homogenous distribution is obtained by the penetrating injection jet.

Abstract: A hand tool (1) for removing a stopper from a pressurized vessel (eg a bottle of sparkling wine) of a type where the stopper is retained by a wire cage, the wire cage including a wire band at or adjacent a neck ring on the vessel, the wire band being secured by a twisted portion terminating in a wire eye, the tool (1) including: a pair of elongate members (20a, 20b) pivotally connected together, each member having a handle portion (21) and a jaw portion (22); a stopper-gripping portion comprising a tooth (27) on an inner side of each jaw portion (22), the stopper-gripping portions (27, 27), in use, gripping the stopper therebetween and cooperating to permit relative pivoting movement between the members (20a, 20b) and the stopper substantially about a fulcrum axis defined by and extending between the two stopper-gripping portions (27,27), and a protrusion (24) at or adjacent at least one of the member (20a, 20b) and adapted to be received in the wire eye when the stopper-gripping portions (27, 27) are engaged

Abstract: A striking implement, such as a maul, to reduce the impact force on the handle used with the member. The device is fabricated of metal and has two elongated parallel supports, a base, and a two angled end portions joining together one end of each parallel support, the interior of the device being hollow. Preferably, the device is formed integral with the head of the member, the handle extending through the device and being secured to the head member.

Abstract: A tool assembly comprising a tool having a distal end and a proximal end having a protrusion thereon; and a device coupled with the proximal end of the tool, wherein the device is capable of accommodating a tool and has a compartment for storing various items.

Abstract: The invention provides a ratchet wrench which can secure constant friction applied to a shank to generate a desired torque from start of an operation irrespective of an outward increase in distance between a pair of annular hold portions. A frictional force generation means 92 including a first guide bush 82 and a disc spring 44 is attached to a shank 22A with a locking pin 90 to form a shank assembly 94 as an assembly. Spring force of the disc spring 44 acts not on the outside of the shank assembly 94, but only on the inside thereof. The shank assembly 94 is inserted from a central space 13a of a first annular hold portion 12a toward a second annular hold portion 12b, and the shank 22A is held by an inner wall of the second annular hold portion 12b.

Abstract: A fastener driver (20) is provided. The fastener driver includes a driver body (32) and a guide (26). The driver body includes a cavity (30) formed in one end of the driver body and an attachment shank (32) formed in another end. The guide is slidably attached to the driver body and is positioned for selectively retaining a fastener within the cavity during use of the fastener driver.

Abstract: The invention is an adjustable wrench comprising a handle with a terminal end and grip end, the terminal end defining a lower bolt claw. A jackscrew is slidably coupled to the handle, the jackscrew being movable to control the movement of the upper and central bolt claws. The upper, central, and lower bolt claws are fitted to the shape of a standard hexagonal bolt head, being adjustable to different sized bolts upon terminal or distal movement of the jackscrew relative to the handle. The central bolt claw is fitted through a slot in the upper bolt claw which defines an inclined ramp surface such that movement of one claw is coupled to movement of the other claw. The claws move cooperatively in reaction to the stationary, lower bolt claw to form a tightly fitted surface for a bolt head.

Abstract: A screwdriver with screwdriver head storage structure includes a handle, a receiving unit, a clamping device and a sliding cover. The handle comprises a compartment therein. The compartment is provided with a pair of connecting blocks at respective ends. The connecting blocks comprise troughs to connect with the receiving unit. The receiving unit comprises a plurality of recesses to accommodate screwdriver heads therein. The handle and the sliding cover comprises a pair of sliding sections, respectively, to engage with each other, so that the sliding cover is able to slide in relation to the handle so as to hide screwdriver heads within the handle.

Abstract: A screw holder for securing a screw having a longitudinal shank and a central axis, a spindle adjoining the front end of the shank and having a bore therethrough flush with a groove, configured and dimensioned for receiving an elastic component to secure a screw into a steady position while turning the screw in or out.

Abstract: A handle is provided that can removeably support a medical device. The handle features a grip with a cavity that communicates with the environment outside the grip through two apertures. A compressed flat spring is inserted into the cavity and can be operated by the user to position the spring into one of two positions. The spring contains at least one aperture through which a portion of the medical device is inserted. The medical device is rigidly held within the grip when the spring is in the first position and is removable when the spring is in the second position.

Abstract: A machine tool includes X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis moving units for producing relative movements between a tool and a workpiece; a C-axis drive unit for rotating the workpiece about a C-axis parallel to the Z-axis; and a B-axis turning unit for turning the tool about a B-axis parallel to the Y-axis. The tool is disposed in such a manner that a machining point of the tool coincides with the B-axis. The moving units, the drive unit, and the turning unit are controlled in such a manner that a work point of the workpiece coincides with the machining point of the tool. The bed is formed through casting and has a hollow structure and a hole as cast; and a cover is provided to cover the hole as cast in order to close the interior of the bed.