Abstract: A self-supporting type pneumatic run-flat tire is optimized in location and gauge of insert rubber at sidewalls, thereby enhancing run-flat and expansion capabilities. The self-supporting type pneumatic run-flat tire comprises an insert and bead rubber composition which comprises syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene in order to enhance run-flat capability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pneumatic radial tire having low road noise and flat spot and a high high-speed durability, and more particularly to a pneumatic radial tire comprising a radial carcass (5), a belt (6) disposed outside a crown portion of the carcass in a radial direction and comprised of at least two belt layers, and a belt reinforcing layer (7A, 7B) disposed outside the belt in the radial direction, characterized in that the belt reinforcing layer 7A, 7B is formed by continuously and spirally winding a polyethylene terephthalate cord(s) in a circumferential direction of the tire, and this cord has an elastic modulus of not less than 2.5 mN/dtex·% under a load of 29.4 N measured at 160° C.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire may include a floating reinforcing layer disposed between a body ply and the sidewall of the tire. The reinforcing layer may extend from a point beneath the rim flange of the wheel to a point just above or below the maximum section width of the tire. By adding stiffness to the sidewall region at and above the rim, the reinforcing layer enhances the durability of tire without sacrificing ride comfort.

Abstract: A method produces a component having a ceramic base body and contact surfaces on opposite sides of the ceramic base body. The method includes forming first protective layers on the opposite sides of the ceramic base body in regions not to be covered by the contact surfaces, forming second protective layers on opposite surfaces of the ceramic base body, sintering the ceramic base body with the first and second protective layers at a first temperature, forming the contact surfaces on the ceramic base body, and sintering the contact surfaces at a temperature that is lower than the first temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of debonding a tooling for a fuselage. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of debonding a tooling for a fuselage using a debonding agent. In one implementation, isopropyl alcohol is applied to a tooling to break the cohesive bond between the tooling and the fuselage.

Abstract: A pultrusion machine for forming a laminated composite with a predetermined profile and the product obtained. The apparatus comprises at least two spools for supplying elongated reinforcements. A collator receives the elongated reinforcements and arranges the reinforcements in layered relationship to form a layered elongated bundle. A supply member wets the layered elongated bundle with plastisol to form a wetted elongated bundle. The wetted elongated bundle is transported through a pultrusion die wherein the wetted layered bundle is molded into the predetermined profile. A converting apparatus cures, or converts, the wetted layered bundle into the layered composite. A particularly preferred embodiment is an extrusion comprising a reinforcing material wherein said reinforcing material comprises a fiber reinforced plastisol.

Abstract: A reinforced plastic foam cup including a body which defines an open top end and a closed bottom end, wherein the top end has a greater diameter than the bottom end. The body includes a reinforced tapered side wall that extends from the bottom end to the top end. A substantial portion of the reinforced tapered side wall includes a plastic foam layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer and a rigid material layer. Such reinforced plastic foam cup provides an improved tactile feel and enhanced insulation and rigidity properties.

Abstract: The invention provides a roll of tape for use in a tape printing apparatus for producing labels. In use an unprinted portion of the tape overlays a printed portion of the tape thereby forming a laminated label. The tape comprises a layer of label material, a layer of removable liner material. The tape comprises at least one fold with the tape being folded back on itself in a width-wise direction, the tape having first and second overlapping portions. The first portion has an outer surface arranged for printing thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for manufacturing a balloon catheter in which a non-contact type laser perforator and printer are separately provided above a primary extruder such that inflation apertures can be uniformly perforated through a non-vulcanized lumen tube and simultaneously, tube cutting positions can be printed on the lumen tube at positions uniformly spaced apart from the inflation apertures without stopping a primary extrusion process. Also, a bond preventing agent layer is coated on the lumen tube at balloon inflating portions prior to cutting the tube, to facilitate a secondary extrusion of the tube. With this configuration, continuous and accurate perforation of inflation apertures is possible and automatic tube cutting can be achieved based on the printed tube cutting positions. Also, the present invention can compensate for a time delay due to a bond preventing agent application process and achieve high productivity and minimized loss of material.

Abstract: A method for the production of a gas diffusion electrode is described, and especially a method for producing a plastic bounded thin gas diffusion electrode with high catalytic activity for the oxygen or the hydrogen reaction. The method comprising the following steps: agglomerating a powder mixture with PTFE particles in a dry form to produce a dry agglomerate; adding an organic solvent to the dry agglomerate to produce a paste; calendering the paste into a thin sheet with a thickness less than 1 mm, to form an active layer or gas diffusion layer, in which one or both contain a current collector; and combining said active layer and said gas diffusion layer to form the gas diffusion electrode. The gas diffusion electrode thus produced may be used for example in fuel cells, metal-air batteries or membranes.

Abstract: A printed plastic film is placed on a composite sheet material. Then, both of the printed plastic film and the composite sheet material are put in a mold. The mold is closed and heated to soften the composite sheet material, so that the composite sheet material and the printed plastic film can be attached together to form the product. After opening the mold, the product having an ornamental surface can be obtained.

Abstract: A method for connecting a first substrate to a second substrate by exposing at least a portion of the first substrate to ultraviolet light for a predetermined time interval and contacting the first substrate and the second substrate with an adhesive such that the adhesive is positioned between the exposed portion of the first substrate and the second substrate. In one aspect, the exposed portion includes a poly(p-phenylene sulfide) material.

Abstract: An emulsifier for use in forming a film for a suspended particle device (SPD) wherein the film is comprised of a cross-linked matrix polymer having a plurality of droplets of a liquid light valve suspension distributed therein. The emulsifier is formed of a copolymer material comprising at least first and second segments, the segments differing from one another in at least one of their chemical affinities, their compositions and their polarities. A first one of the segments is soluble in an uncured liquid matrix polymer used in forming the film, but insoluble in a liquid suspension medium of which the droplets are dispersed. A second segment is soluble in the liquid suspending medium in the droplets and insoluble in the uncured liquid matrix polymer. The first and second segments have substantially the same index of refraction and the index of refraction of the segments is within 0.010 of that of each phase of an emulsion formed with the emulsifier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making adhesive-backed labels. Glassine paper stock is unwound from a roll, coated with photo-cationic silicone and exposed to wavelength-controlled illumination to cure. Hot melt adhesive is applied over the silicone. Simultaneously, label stock is fed with the coated glassine paper to laminating rollers where the two are joined. Illumination is provided by a dichroic reflector.

Abstract: An edge tape modifying device for trailing an edge tape applicator (1) which applies an edge tape to the edge of a contoured panel (3) of a predetermined thickness by means of a pressure roller (4) which is pressed against the edge of said panel (3) and is displaced there along by means to move said pressure roller (4) and wherein simultaneously an edge tape (8), is advanced to engage against the edge of said panel by being pressed there against by said pressure roller (4) as said edge applicator advances about at least part of the perimeter of said panel, characterised in that said modifying device includes a swing arm (21) pivotally dependent from tape applicator to be able to articulate relative thereto, said swing arm (21) biased about said pivot for contact with the edge of the panel when in use, said modifying device including a modifying means (26) supported by said swing arm (21) away from said edge tape applicator, said modifying means (26) biased towards yet guided for movement relative to the edge

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating and controlling a plasma in a semiconductor substrate processing chamber using a dual frequency RF source is provided. The method includes the steps of supplying a first RF signal from the source to an electrode within the processing chamber at a first frequency and supplying a second RF signal from the source to the electrode within the processing chamber at a second frequency. The second frequency is different from the first frequency by an amount equal to a desired frequency. Characteristics of a plasma formed in the chamber establish a sheath modulation at the desired frequency.

Abstract: A plasma reactor for processing a workpiece in a reactor chamber having a wafer support pedestal within the chamber and process gas injection apparatus, an RF bias power generator coupled to the wafer support pedestal and having a bias frequency, a source power applicator, an RF source power generator having a source frequency and a coaxial cable coupled between the RF source power generator and the source power applicator includes a filter connected between the coaxial cable and the source power applicator that enhances uniformity of etch rate across the wafer and from reactor to reactor. The filter includes a set of reflection circuits coupled between the source power applicator and a ground potential and being tuned to, respectively, the bias frequency and intermodulation products of the bias frequency and the source frequency.

Abstract: The present invention describes a blade assembly for use with side-sealing and lap-sealing machines, which are used to seal thermoplastic film. Briefly, the cutting element is oval in shape, and has its entire outer edge profiled. This provides four distinct cutting surfaces, depending on the mounting orientation of the cutting element in the machine. This cutting element is held against a heating block, and its temperature is continuously monitored by a temperature sensor. The sensor is spring-loaded to insure solid contact with the cutting element, and thus, accurate temperature measurements. This entire assembly is then encased in insulation. Additionally, the cutting element is mounted on an adjustable platform, which permits vertical adjustments relative to the film. Thus, the specific portion of the cutting element which actually engages the film can be adjusted to improve the cutting quality or further extend the useful life of the cutting element.

Abstract: The housing has a spindle that accepts a spool of a roll of tape. The spindle has retention fingers that can either exert pressure against the spool or the retention fingers can connect with a detent on the inner surface of the spool. Biasing alignment fingers are built into the housing to exert a spring pressure against the roll of tape in a direction that is substantially parallel to the spindle to aid in registering an edge of the roll of tape with an outer edge of the housing. A base surface of the device has an opening through which an end of the roll of tape exits. The tape rides over a fixed or movable wear surface adjacent to the opening. A cutting edge is substantially adjacent to and pointing away from the opening.

Abstract: A method for dismounting self-supporting tyres (1) from the relative rim (2), said self-supporting tyres comprising an outer cover (10) that contains a rigid auxiliary ring (16) provided with two flexible sidewalls (18, 19).

Abstract: A tired-wheel having a wheel-rim and a tire thereon is automatically serviced. The method includes loading the tired-wheel onto a motor-driven support mounted for rotation about an axis of rotation, centering the tired-wheel with respect to the axis of rotation, and holding it by means of the motor-driven rotatable support, urging the wheel-rim against the rotatable support by means of an urging device so as to make the tired-wheel rigid in rotation with the rotatable support, disassembling the tire from the wheel-rim by means of a pair of working arms, moving away the urging device and removing the disassembled tire, loading a new tire onto the wheel-rim, repositioning the urging device and urging the wheel-rim against the rotatable support, and mounting the new tire onto the wheel-rim by means of the pair of working arms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for closing off at least one tunnel (2) extending across the width of a folding curtain, after a strengthening rod (3) has been inserted into this tunnel on the one hand, and a folding curtain comprising at least one tunnel (2) extending across the width of the curtain, which has been provided with a strengthening rod (3) on the other hand. To that effect, a strengthening rod (3) is provided in the tunnel (2) at least one extremity of which is comprising a number of pointed projections (4) and that the tunnel (2) is closed off by pricking the said projections (4) through the wall of the tunnel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a folding door and a shutter guide device. The inventive door comprises two vertical slides (2) and at least one flexible shutter (4) which can be folded in the upper part of the slides and which comprises at least one transverse stiffening bar (12). According to the invention, a guide device (14) is inserted into the extension of at least one stiffening bar (12), thereby forming a guide for the shutter (4) in at least one of the slides (2) in a plane that is offset in relation to the plane of the shutter (4), said shutter (4) being applied against a surface of the slide (2).

Abstract: The present Venetian blind assembly has an upper beam under which are disposed a plurality of slats wherein each slat is wrapped in an equally distanced enclosure space of a continuous shelter layer. The top edge of the shelter layer is sewn with a fixture inner layer with a plurality of equal distanced passages defined between the fixture inner layer and the shelter layer. Each enclosure space is folded at an equal distance so as to permit each slat of the blind engaged with an enclosure space of the shelter layer to form equally distanced decorative connections among the slats. Fixture clamps led through the passages defined between the fixture inner layer and the top edge of the shelter layer can fix the shelter layer in position to the slats. Thereby all the so formed decorative connections draping down among the slats can move in synchronism with the slats and make the Venetian blind as a whole produce a sense of gradation and offer an artistic effect in appearance.

Abstract: A roll up storm shutter slat connector (1) having a substantially rigid body, preferably made of extruded aluminum, having a hook end (3), a receiving end (4) and a centrally located channel (20) for the accommodation of a retention means (5). The slat connector (1) is compatible with conventional shutter slats (2) having a hook end (6) and a receiving end (7). In use, the present invention alternates between conventional shutter slats (2) to form a curtain (23). The retention means (5) located in the slat connectors (1) are inserted into retention tracks (8) and (21) wherein the slat connectors (1), and attached conventional shutter slats (2), are held in place during excessive forces.

Abstract: A window blind includes an upper beam and a plurality of slats mounted to and below the upper beam. Each slat is formed of extruded plastic and includes a plurality of channels that provide an insulating and noise depression effect. Each slat includes first and second parallel edges and first and second ends extending between the first and second edges. The slats are arranged in a parallel relation and movable between a fully extended state and a fully collapsed state. The channels of each slat extend longitudinally through a whole length of the slat. Each slat includes first and second outer walls forming two opposite flat, parallel surfaces. The first and second edges extend between the first and second outer walls. The channels are located between the first and second outer walls.

Abstract: A fabric panel adapted for use selectively as a drape, curtain, shade or valance. The panel has a loop at the upper edge region for receiving a curtain rod. A strip extending across the panel down from the upper end. Two fastening tie receivers are disposed on the panel at about the height of the strip. A respective one or more strip ties around the bottom edge region of the panel and also is passed through fasteners at the strip so that the ties may be tightened for selectively raising the bottom of the panel at a plurality of locations across the panel to a varying extent to expose the area beneath the shade to a varying selected extent, or to raise the bottom of the panel higher to a fixed location so that the panel with the ties raising the panel may serve as a valance. A tie around the panel and off to the side defines the panel into a curtain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a circuit line which may be formed simply and economically by alleviating spread of an ink and exhibit excellent electric conductivity by having even height of the formed ink. The present invention further provides a conductive board with excellent high-dense electric conductivity including fine circuit lines. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for forming fine circuit lines comprises (a) treating at least one side of a circuit line pattern to be formed on a base substrate with an alkali metal hydroxide solution and (b) treating a hydrophobic ink in accordance to a circuit line pattern to be formed.

Abstract: The method serves for the altering of suspended paper fibers or pulp fibers, in particular to increase the strength of the paper made from these fibers. Two refining surfaces are pressed toward one another and moved such that a relative speed prevails between the refining surfaces and the pulp in the refining zone which is as low as possible. The method can be carried out particularly easily with refining bodies which carry a refining surface and which are rolled off on the inner side of a refining drum carrying the refining surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tissue paper with transparent patterns, which is silky plane. The clear resin coating is placed on the designated area on the surface of the tissue paper. The area the clear resin coating covers may be brighter and silkier than other silky area on the tissue paper, and further form the distinguishable transparent patterns that can be seen and touched, and by so doing to display the trademark, signs and achieve the objective of being creative and quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component (1), especially a hybrid carrier for a carrier in a vehicle. Said component comprises a base body (2) provided with a cavity (H), and said base body is provided with at least an inner plastic covering. The plastic covering is formed by a film channel (3, 3a) which is made of plastic and which is arranged in the cavity (H) of the base body (2).

Abstract: An office paper recycling apparatus makes new office paper from used paper directly in an office building. The apparatus (1) comprises a used paper-feeding portion (58); a paper-shredding portion (57); a pulping portion (51); a paper-forming portion (52); a paper-press portion (53); a paper-drying portion (54); a paper-sizing portion (55); a paper-finishing portion (56) and a final paper-collecting portion (59), where the new sheets are collected and stacked, ready to be used in office equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection-molding device for manufacturing V-engine blocks, in particular an injection-molding machine with a fixed and moving mold half, wherein the moving mold frame contains sliders and ejectors, along with center sleeve sliders angularly arranged relative to each other and a supporting plate for locking the center sleeve slider. Therefore, the force is introduced perpendicular via the center sleeve sliders, and absorbed via the supporting plate or moving identification plate. The moving mold half is secured on a mounting frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimizing melting of titanium for processing into ingots or end products. The apparatus provides a main hearth, a plurality of optional refining hearths, and a plurality of casting molds or direct molds whereby direct arc electrodes melt the titanium in the main hearth while plasma torches melt the titanium in the refining chambers and/or adjacent the molds. Each of the direct arc electrodes and plasma torches is extendable and retractable into the melting environment and moveable in a circular pivoting or side to side linear motion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a strip casting machine for producing a metal strip, during which molten metal is continuously poured between two casting rolls (1, 2) that form a casting gap. Lateral seals (10) having sealing plates (11) are provided for laterally delimiting the casting gap, whereby the sealing plates (11) are placed or pressed with a preset placement or pressing force, whose magnitude can be set, against the end surfaces of the casting rolls (1, 2). The sealing plates (11) are, in repeatable stop-and-go steps, placed with a preset force and time against the end surfaces of the casting rolls (1, 2) and are held in the placing position for a preset time. This enables a distinct reduction in the wear of the sealing plates and of the casting roll end surfaces.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger has at least one baffle to support the tubes within the casing of the heat exchanger, wherein the baffle intersects the inner casing wall along a substantial portion of the arc. The baffle has a bypass through which flows at least a portion of the fluid flowing into the casing and around the baffle. At least a portion of the bypass is outside of the casing. This flow of fluid through the bypass reduces pressure drop through the heat exchanger and also reduces to some extent, points adjacent to the baffles where fluid flow may stagnate.

Abstract: A loop-type heat exchange module (10) is disclosed, which includes an evaporator (11), a vapor conduit (12), a condenser (13), a liquid conduit (14), a cooling fan (16), a fastening seat (151) and a fan cover (152). The evaporator contains therein a working fluid. The working fluid evaporates into vapor after absorbing heat in the evaporator, and the generated vapor flows, via the vapor conduit, to the condenser where the vapor releases the heat and is condensed into condensate. The condensate then returns back, via the liquid conduit, to the evaporator to thereby form a heat transfer loop. The cooling fan is applied to produce a forced airflow towards the condenser. The fastening seat is used for fastening the evaporator to have an intimate contact with a heat-generating electronic component. The fan cover extends from one side of the fastening seat and receives the cooling fan and the condenser therein.

Abstract: A flat type heat pipe (10) is disclosed which includes a metal casing (12) and a wick structure (16) arranged inside the metal casing. The metal casing has an evaporating section (123) and a condensing section (124). The wick structure extends from the evaporating section towards the condensing section of the metal casing and has a first section in conformity with the condensing section of the metal casing and a second section in conformity with the evaporating section of the metal casing. The first section has a pore size larger than that of the second section of the wick structure. The wick structure includes a metal foam.

Abstract: A loop-type heat exchange device (10) is disclosed, which includes an evaporator (20), a condenser (40), a vapor conduit (30) and a liquid conduit (50). The evaporator defines therein a chamber for containing a working fluid. The chamber is divided into an evaporating region and a micro-channel region. The working fluid in the evaporator evaporates into vapor after absorbing heat at the evaporating region, and the generated vapor flows, via the vapor conduit, to the condenser where the vapor releases its latent heat of evaporation and is condensed into condensate. The condensate then returns back, via the liquid conduit, to the evaporator to thereby form a heat transfer loop. The evaporator is configured in such a manner that an amount of vapor to be formed and accumulated in the micro-channel region can be minimized.

Abstract: A device for testing heat conduction performance of a heat pipe is provided. In which the heat pipe to be tested includes an evaporating section and a condensing section. The device includes a block, a cooling device, a thermal interface material, a heating element for heating the block and a plurality of thermal probes. The block is coupled with the evaporating section of the heat pipe. The cooling device is coupled with the condensing section of the heat pipe. The thermal interface material is configured to be at a coupling interface between the block and the evaporating section of the heat pipe. The thermal probes are inserted into the block and the cooling device to measure the respective temperatures of distinct regions in the block and the cooling device where the thermal probes are located.

Abstract: [Object] A cooling device for a thin electronic equipment having a larger heat radiation area and preventing leakage of refrigerant. [Means for Solving Problems] A cooling device includes first and second cooling panels (1, 2) wherein a passage (11, 21) is formed by bonding together a top heat radiation panel and a bottom heat radiation panel each having a groove therein, and a circulation pump (3) for circulating refrigerant within the passage (11, 21). In the top heat radiation panel of the second cooling panel (2) are formed an outlet port through which the refrigerant flows out from the passage (21) to the circulation pump (3) and an inlet port through which the refrigerant flows in from the circulation pump (3) to the passage (21). The circulation pump (3) is fixed onto the top heat radiation plate of the cooling panel (2) so that the suction port and discharge port are aligned with the outlet port and inlet port, respectively.

Abstract: A heat sink has a first vent and a second vent. The heat sink includes at least a first heat-dissipating fin having a first wall positioned at the first vent.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger including first and second sets of heat exchanger plates. The second set plates are alternately stacked with the first set plates to form flow channels therebetween. The first set plates have first projections protruding in one direction from the plane of the plates and second projections protruding in the opposite direction from the plane of the plate. The second set plates have third projections protruding in the one direction from the plane of the second set plates. The first projections are connected to adjacent second set plates and the second projections protrude into the space between at least two of the third projections. The second projections may be spaced from and not connected to the second set plates, with the height of the third projections from the second set plates being greater than the height of the first and second projections from opposite sides of the first set plates.

Abstract: A fluid passageway of a defrost duct of a vehicle is constructed such that a front duct for defrosting a front glass is partitioned into a first front duct and a second front duct, and a side duct for defrosting side glasses is partitioned into a first side duct and a second side duct, so that air introduced through latticed inlet ports flows to partitioned spaces, whereby air flows to the central region and the lateral sides uniformly to achieve maximum defrosting effect.

Abstract: A method of milling a window through a casing in a primary well bore and drilling an enlarged sidetracked well bore comprises running into the primary well bore a drilling assembly comprising at least one cutting apparatus adapted to drill an enlarged borehole, milling a window through the casing, and drilling the enlarged sidetracked well bore, wherein the milling and drilling steps are performed in one trip into the primary well bore. A drilling assembly comprises at least one cutting apparatus operable to drill an enlarged borehole, wherein the drilling assembly is operable to mill a window through a casing in a primary well bore and drill an enlarged sidetracked well bore through the window in one trip into the primary well bore.

Abstract: A well instrumentation system, comprising: a power and data supply; and a plurality of functional units attached to the power and data supply and distributed throughout the well, characterised in that the power and data supply comprises first and second substantially identical cables, and in that each unit comprises a first power supply channel and a first data channel connected to the first cable, a second power supply channel and a second data channel connected to the second cable, and a functional module which draws power from the first power supply channel or the second power channel module, and data from the first data channel or the second data channel. The power and data supply can comprise a surface unit that can be selectably connected to either the first or second cable. The selection of connection of the surface unit to one or other cable is effective to select the corresponding power and data channels in the functional units.

Abstract: A controlled leakage seal assembly having a first stationary portion adapted to be connected in substantially fluid-tight relation to a source of drilling fluid and a second portion adapted to be connected in substantially fluid-tight relation to a rotary portion including a washpipe. The seal includes a first housing and a stack of radially inwardly extending, spaced apart annular stators, and a second seal housing and stack of spaced apart radially outwardly extending annular rotors. The stators and rotors are interleaved with one another and axially spaced apart by a working clearance. The stators and said rotors combine to define an elongated radially and axially extending tortuous path. The seal assembly permits the washpipe and the first and second housings to rotate relative to each other in substantially fluid-tight relation except for the drilling fluid passing along the tortuous path between the rotors and stators and allows the drilling fluid to enter an outlet region at greatly reduced pressure.

Abstract: A well may intersect a mineral bearing stratum. A fracturing fluid in the nature of a non-participating gas may be injected into the stratum at high rates of flow, to yield a high down hole pressure, and a time v. pressure pulse extending over a period of time. A second pulse may follow the first pulse in relatively quick succession. There may be pauses, or period of relative relaxation between the pulses.

Abstract: A formulation and method to enhance recovery from an oil well are disclosed. The method supplies a mixture of petroleum distillates and terpenoid compounds, and a salt extraction formulation comprising a mixture of humic acid and fulvic acid. The method discontinues the extraction of materials from the oil well, disposing the mixture of petroleum distillates and terpenoid compounds into the oil well, and disposes the salt extraction formulation into the oil well. The method recirculates the oil well, and then returns the oil well to service.

Abstract: Systems and methods for installation and operation of a groundwater monitoring system in a borehole of any angle using a coaxial gas displacement pump with a unique O-ring assembly that serves as a two-position valve for groundwater purging and sampling and also as a housing and sealing mechanism for isolating an optical pressure sensor. The optical sensor measures in-situ hydraulic pressure directly subjacent and adjacent to the surrounding rock fractures and sediment pores without hydraulic interferences from potentiometric equilibration lag time from recovery fluid pressure inside a borehole, in a zone above the optical sensor, or on the inside of a riser pipe that rises to the ground surface.