Abstract: An illumination system is providing comprising a first waveguide having a plurality of light-directing surfaces on its lower surface. These surfaces direct light through an output surface of the waveguide into at least one angular range while directing substantially no light into a different angular range. Each surface comprises a plurality of portions having different angles of inclination to a normal to the waveguide.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having includes a light guide plate having a surface thereof serving as an illuminating surface region opposite to a liquid crystal display panel, light sources mounted on a flexible printed-circuit board and provided on a side face of the light guide plate, an optical sheet member interposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the light guide plate. The side surfaces of the light guide plate with the light sources provided thereon have a ridge-like inclined surface formed thereon, when viewed from the illuminating surface, and the ridge-like inclined surfaces serve as a light-receiving surface with the light source arranged thereon.

Abstract: In a display device of the invention, driving of the piezoelectric element is controlled to change the light path of the propagating light inside a light guiding plate. By illuminating a liquid crystal panel in this manner, an illumination time and a no illumination time can be provided for the liquid crystal panel within one frame period. This realizes impulse-type-like display in displaying moving images on the liquid crystal panel, and thereby improves an image quality of moving images. Further, since the light is used only in desired regions, spontaneous luminance can be improved and the light can be used more efficiently.

Abstract: A polarizing film includes a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a phase difference layer, a polarizing layer and a transparent protecting layer. The phase difference layer is on the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The phase difference layer is extended in a first direction. The polarizing layer is on the phase difference layer. The polarizing layer is extended in a second direction. The transparent protecting film is on the polarizing layer. Therefore, the thickness of the polarizing film is decreased, and the yield is increased.

Abstract: An optical element of the invention comprises at least two laminated circular-polarization-type-reflection polarizers (a) whose wavelength bands for selective reflection of polarized light overlap one another, wherein the at least two circular-polarization-type-reflection polarizers (a) each have a side capable of selectively reflecting a relatively short wavelength in the wavelength bands for selective reflection, and the sides of said at least two circular-polarization-type-reflection polarizers (a) capable of selectively reflecting the relatively short wavelength are arranged opposite to each other. The optical element condenses or collimates incident light from a light source and can control transmission of light at large incident angles relative to the normal direction, increase front brightness and reduce coloration.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes: a plurality of display pixels each of which has two Red sub-pixels, two Green sub-pixels, one Blue sub-pixel, and one transparent sub-pixel; and a colored layer which is partially formed on the Red, Green, and Blue sub-pixels. In the electro-optical device, uncolored portions are formed in parts of the Red and Green sub-pixels where the colored layer is not formed.

Abstract: A color filter substrate is provided. The color filter substrate includes a base substrate, a first color filter and a second color filter. The base substrate includes a first pixel region and a second pixel region that has a first sub-region and a second sub-region. The first color filter is formed in a first pixel region and a first sub-region of the second pixel region. The second color filter is formed in a second sub-region of the second pixel region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a display pixel that has four R, G, B, and non-colored subpixels, and a liquid crystal layer that is interposed between the pair of substrates and in which cell thicknesses in the subpixels vary. The retardation values of the R, G, and B subpixels are set in the ranges of 360 nm?R?700 nm, 340 nm?G?600 nm, and 340 nm?B?500 nm, respectively, and the non-colored subpixel has a cell thickness at which the display pixel becomes predetermined white balance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a pair of oppositely arranged upper and lower substrates with liquid crystal interposed therebetween. A plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines are provided in grid pattern on the lower substrate. A scattering reflector is provided at each area divided by the scan lines and the data lines. A common electrode is provided below the upper substrate. A black matrix is provided below the upper substrate. A light-diffusing structure provided on a lower face of the black matrix. A plurality of color filters are provided at the black matrix, in which the light-diffusing structure includes an inclined face that is inclined relative to the faces of the pair of substrates.

Abstract: A flexible reflective display device and a manufacturing method for the same are disclosed. The present invention is formed by introducing flexible printed circuit board manufacture technology together with flexible display technology. The flexible reflective display device, comprising an upper substrate, a display medium layer formed on the upper substrate, and a lower flexible printed circuit substrate; a first electrode layer formed on the upper substrate in the interface between the upper substrate and the display medium layer; a second electrode layer formed on the flexible printed circuit substrate; and an adhesive layer formed between the display medium layer and the flexible printed circuit substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes display pixels which correspond to at least a color of white or non-coloring and one color different from the color of white or non-coloring, each of the display pixels corresponding to one color having a transmissive region and a reflective region, and each of the display pixels corresponding to the color of white or non-coloring having only a transmissive region, a substrate, a counter substrate which is disposed so as to be opposite to the substrate, colored layers which are provided in the display pixels of the substrate or the counter substrate corresponding to one color, cell-thickness-adjusting layers which are provided in the substrate or the counter substrate and included in the reflective region of each of the display pixels corresponding to one color and the transmissive region of each of the display pixels corresponding to the color of white or non-coloring, and a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the substrate and the counter substrate, the thicknes

Abstract: A display device comprising the following arranged from light input side in the order listed below: a first reflector having a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective property; a translucent porous body having a plurality of pores in which a translucent material is filled, each of the pores having a substantially smaller diameter than the wavelength of input light; and a second reflector having a perfect reflection property, or a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective property. The average complex refractive index of the translucent porous body is changeable with respect to each display dot, and the wavelength of light absorbed by the translucent porous body is changeable with respect to each display dot according to the average complex refractive index. In this way, the input light is modulatable, and the modulated light is outputted from the first reflector and/or the second reflector to perform image display.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display panel (20) includes a first substrate (22), a second substrate (21) opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer (23) between the first and second substrates, an electrode layer (24) between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate. The electrode layer includes a plurality of reflection portions (241) and transmission portions (242). A color filter (25) is disposed between the electrode layer and the second substrate. When the liquid crystal display panel is used in a reflection mode, ambient light beams need not pass through the color filter. This decreases the loss of light beams and increases the efficiency of utilization of light beams. Moreover, in the reflection mode, images are displayed in black and white, which can improve visibility, especially in an environment of strong ambient light.

Abstract: A transflective LCD device includes first and second transparent substrates spaced apart from each other and having a reflective portion and a transmissive portion, an insulator on the first transparent substrate, a passivation layer on the insulator within the reflective portion, a reflector on the passivation layer, a transparent pixel electrode disposed over the insulator covering the reflector and the passivation layer, a buffer pattern disposed on a rear surface of the second substrate, the buffer pattern having a saw-tooth shape corresponding to the reflective portion, a color filter on the rear surface of the second substrate covering the buffer pattern, the color filter having a first thickness in the transmissive portion and a second thickness in the reflective portion, a transparent common electrode on a rear surface of the color filter, and a liquid crystal layer between the transparent pixel electrode and the transparent common electrode.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can provide a transflective liquid crystal display device of vertical alignment mode capable of suitably controlling the direction that liquid crystal molecules are tilted. The liquid crystal display device can include a liquid crystal layer interposed between a pair of substrate and transmissive and reflective display regions in each dot region. An insulating film for varying the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective and transmissive display regions is provided. On a substrate having the insulating film formed thereon, an electrode slit for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be formed in the reflective display region. Similarly, a convex portion for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be formed in the transmissive display region.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of liquid crystal display protection panels and liquid crystal display protection panel integrals have low reflection for outdoor applications. Various embodiments also have the advantage of being able to provide increased contrast and brightness for certain convenient viewing directions for outdoor viewers wearing polarized sunglasses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal cell including a pair of transparent substrates, with orientation layers deposited on inner surfaces thereof, and a liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal material injected between the substrates; biaxial compensation films provided on outer surfaces of the liquid crystal cell, the biaxial compensation films including an optical dielectric material layer; and polarization plates provided on outer surfaces of the biaxial compensation films, wherein if “d” is set as a cell gap of the liquid crystal cell, “RLC” is set as a phase retardation value of the liquid crystal layer, an axis perpendicular to planes made by the substrates is set as a z-axis, x-axis and y-axis are formed on a planar surface of the substrates, and refractive indices of molecules comprising the biaxial compensation films in the x, y and z directions are denoted by nx, ny and nz, retardation values (ny?nx)*d and (nz?nx)*d of the biaxial compensation films being respectively wit

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed in the present invention. The liquid crystal display device includes a color filter substrate having a black matrix, and color filter layers at a designated region determined by the black matrix, an array substrate having a gate bus line and a data bus line crossing perpendicularly and defining a unit pixel region, a thin film transistor arranged at an intersection of the gate bus line and the data bus line, a pixel electrode contacting a drain electrode of the thin film transistor and vertically overlapping portions of the gate bus line, the data bus line, an adjacent gate bus line, and an adjacent data bus line, and an organic insulating layer on the pixel electrode and the thin film transistor, wherein a surface of the array substrate is rubbed in a 315 degree direction, and a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which can secure long-time reliability of the display performance by stabilizing alignment characteristics of vertically aligned liquid crystal for a long time provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a semiconductor driver substrate and a transparent electrode substrate which are arranged appositely to each other; alignment films covering surfaces of the semiconductor driver substrate and the transparent electrode substrate, the surfaces facing each other, the alignment films containing silicon oxide and one or more moisture trap elements for trapping moisture; and vertically aligned liquid crystal enclosed between the semiconductor driver substrate and the transparent electrode substrate with the alignment film in between.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a first substrate; a first signal line formed on the first substrate; a second signal line formed on the first substrate and intersecting the first signal line; a pixel electrode including a plurality of partitions; a thin film transistor connected to the gate line, the data line, and the pixel electrode; a second substrate facing the second substrate; a common electrode formed on the second substrate and having an opening facing the first or the second signal line; and first and second domain defining members that define a plurality of domains in the liquid crystal display and are dispose on the first and the second substrates, respectively, the second domain defining member disposed on the second substrate and separated from the opening.

Abstract: AC voltage of rectangular wave is applied between a pixel electrode 25A and a common electrode 23A, and the amplitude Vac of the AC voltage component and the DC voltage component Vdc thereof are changed to measure the range of optimal DC component variation ?Vdc and determine a structure or material of a liquid crystal display device so as to lower ?Vdc less than a given value, wherein ?Vdc=|Vdcb?Vdcw|, Vdcb is the value of Vdc at which the range of transmittance variation is the minimum with Vac being fixed at a value for displaying black (2V), and Vdcw is the value of Vdc at which the range of transmittance variation is the minimum with Vac being fixed at a value for displaying white (7 V). Thickness of an insulating layer 26A on the pixel electrode 25A and on the common electrode 23A are the same. Electrode crossover portions are made to be in axial symmetry. The top surface of each stripe electrode of a pixel electrode has convex shape in cross section.

Abstract: A display module includes a display panel having a substrate as a base at least provided with conductive circuits and external connection pins; and a circuit board electrically connected with the external connection pins of the substrate through a conductive material for driving the display panel. The substrate could be electrically connected with the circuit board without the need of flexible printed circuit boards, thereby simplifying structure of the display module.

Abstract: A driving circuit includes a semiconductor substrate, an electrode terminal, and a conductive bump. The electrode terminal is on the semiconductor substrate and includes a surface increasing portion on an upper surface of the electrode terminal to increase a surface area of the electrode terminal. The surface increasing portion has either various dimensions or constant dimensions. The conductive bump covers the surface increasing portion. Therefore, an image display quality of a display device is improved by reducing contact resistance between the electrode terminal and a signal line of a display panel.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for a liquid crystal display includes a spacer supply substrate in which a plurality of grooves are formed, a transfer roller having a surface to which a plurality of spacers deposited into the grooves are primarily transferred, and a support plate on which a substrate is mounted, wherein the primarily transferred spacers are secondarily transferred onto the substrate as the transfer roller rotates, wherein the diameter of each of the grooves is less than or equal to about seven times the diameter of each of the spacers. The diameter and depth of the groove of the spacer supply substrate and the tilt angle of a sidewall of the groove are controlled to prevent bead spacers from being stacked in two levels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second electrodes and having a twisted nematic alignment of liquid crystals, wherein rotation viscosity of the liquid crystal layer is 50 mPas-80 mPas, a cell gap, namely, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, is 2.5 ?m-5.0 ?m, a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes is 0.2V-8.0V, and a response time can be obtained from the expression 6.78+(rotation viscosity)×0.81+(cell gap)×0.7+(rotation viscosity)×(cell gap)×0.14. The liquid crystal display having the twisted nematic alignment of liquid crystals, has the pitch of the liquid crystal layer within the range of 10 ?m to 70 ?m, a cell gap, namely, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, within the range of 3.0 ?m to 4.5 ?m, and a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes within the range of 0.2V to 6.0V.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display apparatus having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate comprises the steps of forming the liquid crystal layer by dripping a liquid crystal composition containing a photopolymerizable component upon the first substrate, and sandwiching the liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates by mounting the second substrate upon the first substrate, wherein the dripping step of the liquid crystal composition is conducted in a state in which the liquid crystal composition is shielded from a radiation of a wavelength that causes polymerization in the photopolymerizable component.

Abstract: A pair of eyeglasses comprising a half-rim frame including a groove, and two cavities formed at its endpieces; a lens including two tabs at both ends, the tabs being adapted to snugly fit in the cavities; a nosepad including a flexible member and a soft member integrally formed around the flexible wherein the nosepad is threadedly secured to the frame; and two temples pivotably connected to the endpieces. The eyeglasses can be assembled quickly for mass production. Also, not only any of different individuals with different nose sizes may feel a degree of comfort when wearing the eyeglasses but also the eyeglasses are prevented from sliding down the nose of the wearer due to enhanced traction between the nosepad (i.e., the plastic member) and the nose of the wearer.

Abstract: A fastening structure for a lens and a frame of a spectacles includes a resin lens and a metal frame. A plurality of slots is defined in the lens. A plurality of pins each with a shank and a head is mounted on the frame and respectively positioned in the slots. A plurality of resin sleeves is respectively provided outside the pins. Whereby, the slots will not be directly worn away by the metal pins so as to securely fasten the lens on the frame.

Abstract: A detachable adjustable electronics module may be removably or permanently connected to eyewear. The module may include electronics for processing audio and/or video signals. The module may be provided with an adjustable arm, for adjustably carrying a speaker. The module and/or the speaker may be adjusted relative to the wearer in any of the anterior-posterior direction, the inferior-superior direction and laterally. Rotation adjustments may also be accomplished. Eyewear may be provided with only a single module, on a single side, or with two modules, one on each side, such as to provide stereo audio or dual mono sound.

Abstract: A polarized optical element is disclosed comprising an upper portion and a lower portion defined at opposite parts with respect to a median line passing through the geometric center of the optical element, wherein: a) in the upper portion and at a distance of at least 10 mm from the median line the factor of luminous transmittance is between 3% and 20%; b) in the lower portion and at a distance of at least 10 mm from the median line the factor of luminous transmittance is between 15% and 65%; c) the ratio of the luminous transmittance measured in the lower portion at a distance of at least 10 mm below the median line and the luminous transmittance measured in the upper portion at a distance of at least 10 mm above the median line is not lower than 1.

Abstract: Eyewear is provided having lenses that are removably secured to an eyewear platform. The eyewear platform has a bridge portion, a pair of temple extensions and at least one socket extending therefrom with a first mating surface accessible on an upper side of the platform and a second mating surface accessible on a lower side of the platform. The eyewear further includes a pair of primary lenses with at least one third mating surface that is removably secured to the first mating surface by magnetic attraction. The eyewear still further includes a pair of auxiliary lenses with at least one fourth mating surface that is removably secured to the second mating surface by magnetic attraction. The eyewear further includes a reflective coating on a portion of a surface of either the primary or auxiliary lenses to facilitate rearward view of a wearer.

Abstract: A bolt for spectacles has a head formed in a first end thereof and a threaded shank formed in a second end thereof, a nut threadedly mounted on the shank, and an arcuate lug formed in the shank whereby the bolt for the spectacles is inserted into and positions a lens and a rim thereby prevents a user from injury, thereby increasing the usage safety.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a single-strength spectacle lens while taking into account an individual spectacle wearer's data, the single-strength spectacle lens having a rotationally symmetrical base surface and a rotationally symmetrical aspherical or atoric prescription surface, comprising the following steps: Acquisition of an individual spectacle wearer's data; selection of a spectacle lens blank with a predetermined base surface from a group of spectacle lens blanks; and calculation and optimization of the prescription surface while taking into account at least a part of the individual spectacle wearer's data in addition to an adaptation of the dioptric effect by the prescription surface to the spectacle wearer's prescription. The invention also relates to a corresponding system for producing a single-strength spectacle lens and to an individual single-strength spectacle lens.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lens has a complex surface with a fitting cross, a progression meridian having a power addition greater than or equal to 1.5 diopters between far vision and near vision reference points. The complex surface has within a circle of radius 20 mm centred on the geometrical centre of the lens, a cylinder value normalized to the addition of less than 0.8, and a rebound of the sphere quantity normalized to the addition of less than 0.04 on said circle. The surface also has a progression length less than or equal to 14 mm, defined as the vertical distance between the fitting cross and the point on the meridian for which the mean sphere reaches 85% of the addition. The lens is suited to hypermetropic wearers with a good perceptual comfort in peripheral vision and good accessibility in near vision.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound device having an eye refractive power measurement function and an eye accommodation function state measurement function, preventing an increase in size and cost in comparison with a known eye refractive power measurement device, and convenient for the operator even when the measurement type is changed. An eye refractive power measurement device includes a measurement type select switch (30) which selects one of at least two types of measurements including normal refractive power measurement, which measures the refractive power of the subject s eye including spherical power, cylinder power, and astigmatism axis, and eye accommodation function state measurement, which determines a change in the refractive power of the subject s eye for high-frequency components. A refractive power measurement section (40) is a multiple meridian direction refractive power measurement section which can measure the eye refractive power in two or more meridian directions.

Abstract: A fast algorithm is presented which allows for substantially simultaneous acquisition, analysis, and display of a wavefront centroid image, referred to as online aberrometry. A method embodiment involves determination of an average, or most frequently occurring, wavefront aberration over a selected time interval, e.g., 20 sec. Online pupil diameter measurement allows analysis of wavefront aberration as a function of changing pupil size. A wavefront measuring apparatus is disclosed that supports online aberrometry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for measuring operating vision. An optotype mark is displayed (step 103). A subject's response to the optotype mark is accepted via an input device (step 104). A determination is made as to whether or not the response is correct (step 105). When the current response of the subject is correct and the previous response or one of the previous response and the last-but-one response is incorrect, an optotype mark corresponding to the same visual acuity is presented (step 112). When the previous response is correct or both the previous response and the last-but-one response are correct, an optotype mark corresponding to a visual acuity one level higher is presented (step 110). When the current response is incorrect, an optotype mark corresponding to a visual acuity one level lower is presented (step 111).

Abstract: A method and a vision test apparatus determine the necessity of a vision aid during darkness and/or twilight. Also, a set of vision aids are referred to. The daylight defective vision is measured at at least one value of high luminance=10 cd/m2 and the night defective vision is measured at at least one value of low luminance <10 cd/m2. Thereafter, the difference between the daylight defective vision and the night defective vision is determined and, when a defined value is exceeded, the recommendation for using a vision aid during darkness and/or twilight is outputted.

Abstract: A projection display makes it possible to minimize the costs of a polarization conversion element, and concurrently makes it possible to improve illuminance nonuniformity and optical utilization efficiency and to accomplish physical apparatus compactness. An optical integrator used in the projection display is configured such that, in comparison to the number of arrangements of polarization conversion units in a predetermined direction, a split number of an array lens in the same direction is greater.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes an indicating element which modulates or emits light as a pixel in accordance with image information. A displacement unit optically displaces a position of the pixel for each of two or more sub-fields constituting an image field corresponding to the image information. A projection unit enlarges the pixel and projects an enlarged pixel on a screen. A pixel-profile deformation unit changes an optical intensity profile of the pixel.

Abstract: An image display, includes: an image display section for forming and displaying an image in accordance with image information to be input; and a casing for housing the image display section, in which the casing includes: a lateral portion visible from an outside, the image display section being exposed from the lateral portion; and a bottom portion extending from a lower end of the lateral portion toward a rear side of the device, an opening for introducing air outside the casing is formed in the bottom portion, and an air filter for cleaning the air passing the opening is provided at the opening such that the air filter can be inserted to/removed from the lateral portion.

Abstract: A projector incorporating a prism and a plurality of light valves for modulating light that passes though the prism, wherein a dust-sealed airspace is provided between an imaging surface of each light valve and the prism for providing air channels to cool respective ones of the light valves.

Abstract: A projection display device is provided with a semi-transparent screen provided on a front surface of the projection display device, an image formation unit that emits light carrying an image to be projected on the screen, and a first reflector and a second reflector provided on an optical path between the image formation unit and the screen, the light emitted by the image formation unit being reflected by the second reflector and then by the first reflector before incident on the screen. The first reflector is arranged such that an angle formed between the first reflector and the screen is equal to or greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and the second reflector is arranged such that an angle formed between the second reflector and the screen is an obtuse angle.

Abstract: A data processing device calculates an image conversion parameter corresponding to each partial image. According to the image conversion parameter calculated, a partial image which has been imaged according to the current partial image is geometrically converted. The images are combined to generate a mosaic image. Moreover, the current partial image and at least a part of the mosaic image generated are displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for a fold-mirror assembly with a dynamically adjustable mirror element for use in a projection device are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An image display device for displaying an image by a light beam modulated according to an image signal includes: a light source unit that supplies the light beam; a scanning unit for performing scanning with the light beam from the light source unit; a screen that transmits the light beam from the scanning unit; a light detection unit that detects light incoming from the screen via the scanning unit; and a light beam emission stop unit that stops emission of the light beam from the image display device according to an output from the light detection unit.

Abstract: A light quantity adjustment apparatus is disclosed. A light quantity adjustment apparatus, comprising a rotation part having an aperture for adjusting the quantity of light from a light source, a support part rotatably supporting the rotation part, a driving part rotating the rotation part left and right in a predetermined angle, a reset part for setting a base position, and a position detection part detecting the position of the rotation part, not only improves contrast ratio but also allows a clearer picture quality by adjusting the quantity of light projected from an image projection device.

Abstract: A dual image projection system separates a single image projected from a single projector into two images vertically or horizontally, inputs the separated images by reversing the left and right sides of the separated images, and completely separates the separated images using a separation mirror disposed in front of a projection lens of the projector such that the separated images are displayed on left and right screens or on front and rear screens. The images displayed on the screens are normal images whose right and left sides are not reversed.

Abstract: A projector with a light-shading device is provided. The projector includes an illuminating system, a micromirror device and a projection lens, wherein the illuminating system includes a light source producing a light, a condenser lens condensing the light from the light source, and a reflection device reflecting the light from the condenser lens; the micromirror device receives the light reflected by the reflection device, processes the light and then reflects the light therefrom; the projection lens receives the light from the micromirror device and then focuses the light; and the light-shading device is disposed between the illuminating system and the micromirror device for blocking a scattering light produced by the illuminating system.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus is disclosed with which problems, caused by performing focusing control in a state in which the light amount of a light source is insufficient, can be avoided. The image projection apparatus comprises a controller, performing focusing control of a projection optical system, and a brightness detector which detects at least one of a brightness of the light source and a brightness of a reflected light on a projection surface. After turning the light source on, the controller restricts the focusing control until the brightness detected by the brightness detector reaches a predetermined value.