Abstract: When a shift lever is fitted under a front part of a traverse mechanism, dampers have previously been fitted in a total of two, front-left and front-right, parts, called mount parts, of a mechanism chassis. A flat gear rotatably engages with a cylindrical sleeve protruding downward from the front-right mount part of the mechanism chassis. A feed gear in a rear part of transmission means rotatably engages with a boss protruding downward behind the sleeve, and is prevented from dropping off with a screw put from below. Now, the flat gear is, in a rear part thereof, supported by the feed gear, and is thereby prevented from dropping off.

Abstract: There is provided an optical pickup for recording or reproducing an information signal on/from a plurality of optical discs, each including a protective substrate having a different thickness for protecting a signal recording surface. The optical pickup includes: a light source section emitting a light beam having a predetermined wavelength; a first and second objective lens collecting light on the signal recording surface while reducing a spherical aberration due to a protective substrate having a first and second thickness, respectively; a polarization switching section adapted to switch a polarized state of the light beam emitted from the light source section; and a polarization beam splitter adapted to guide the light beam to either the first objective lens or the second objective lens depending on the polarized state of the light beam switched by the polarization switching section.

Abstract: A method is provided for recording visible marks on a recording medium using an input beam generated by an electromagnetic radiation source. The method comprises (a) substantially collimating the input beam to provide a substantially collimated beam, and (b) applying the substantially collimated beam to the recording medium to provide the visible mark on the recording medium.

Abstract: A method is proposed that allows a static design of an optical pickup unit (OPU) that delivers two output beams (30, 32). Both laser beams (30, 32) result in successive spots, which have the appropriate characteristics. In this OPU concept both read and write spots are present at the same time, and they are sufficiently spaced apart in the focus direction. This allows switching from the read situation to the write situation by introducing an appropriate focus offset in the electronics. The two output beams (30,32) are generated from a polarized incoming beam, said polarized incoming beam is split by a tilted birefringent grating (18).

Abstract: Improvements to an optical recording apparatus comprising a laser light source are provided. The improvements include installing a photodiode in an optical path of at least a portion of the laser light beam from the laser light source, and connecting said photodiode to a detection circuit. The photodiode detects the laser light beam and generates a detection signal based on the detected beam. The detection circuit monitors the detection signal and generates an alarm signal if the detection signal indicates a dropout in the laser beam. The alarm signal can trigger an alarm indicator and/or cause a recording process to be halted.

Abstract: The semiconductor laser unit includes: a metal plate having a center portion wider than the remaining portions; a flexible substrate having a first opening; a substrate mounted on the center portion; a semiconductor laser placed on the substrate; a frame having a second opening and fixing the flexible substrate in the state of being bent along from the top surface to both side faces of the metal plate; and an optical element covering the second opening. The flexible substrate is fixed so that the first opening extends over the top surface and both side faces of the center portion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and memory device for storing and reading data. In one embodiment, the probe is positioned proximate to an area of a solid electrolyte layer in which the data is to be stored. A voltage difference is created across the solid electrolyte layer by applying a first voltage to a first side of the solid electrolyte layer via a tip of the probe and applying a second voltage to a second side of the solid electrolyte layer via an electrode layer coupled to the solid electrolyte layer. The voltage difference applied across the solid electrolyte layer causes ions from the electrode layer to be introduced into the solid electrolyte layer, creating a lowered resistance in the solid electrolyte layer. The lowered resistance corresponds to a first logical value stored in the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Systems in accordance with the present invention can include a tip contactable with a media, the media including a substrate and a plurality of cells disposed over the substrate, one or more of the cells being electrically isolated from the other of the cells by a material having insulating properties. One or more of the plurality of cells can include a phase change material. The media is either grounded or electrically connected with a voltage source such that when the tip is placed in contact with the media and a voltage is applied to the tip, a current is drawn through the cell over which the tip is arranged. The current is drawn through the isolated cell at least a portion of the phase change material within the cell beneath the tip is heated to a sufficient temperature such that the material become amorphous in structure. The current is then removed from the phase change material, which is quickly cooled to form an amorphous domain having a resistance representing a “1” (or a “0”).

Abstract: Systems in accordance with the present invention can include a tip contactable with a media, the media including a substrate, a conductive under-layer disposed over the substrate, and a polarity dependent memory switching media disposed over the under-layer. In an embodiment, the polarity dependent memory switching media is continuous and the media either grounded or electrically connected with a voltage source such that when the tip is placed in contact with the media and a forward voltage is applied to the tip, causing the polarity dependent memory switching media to form an Ag dendritic structure bridging the tip and the under-layer. The bridging causes a reduction in resistance corresponding to a “1” or a “0.” In an alternative embodiment, an insulating material can be disposed over the substrate such that a plurality of cells is formed, at least one of the cells including the polarity dependent memory switching media.

Abstract: Systems in accordance with the present invention can include a tip contactable with a media, the media including a substrate, a conductive under-layer disposed over the substrate, and a polarity dependent memory switching media disposed over the under-layer. In an embodiment, the polarity dependent memory switching media is continuous and the media either grounded or electrically connected with a voltage source such that when the tip is placed in contact with the media and a forward voltage is applied to the tip, causing the polarity dependent memory switching media to form an Ag dendritic structure bridging the tip and the under-layer. The bridging causes a reduction in resistance corresponding to a “1” or a “0.” In an alternative embodiment, an insulating material can be disposed over the substrate such that a plurality of cells is formed, at least one of the cells including the polarity dependent memory switching media.

Abstract: Systems in accordance with the present invention can include a tip contactable with a media, the media including a phase change material disposed over a substrate, a lubricant layer disposed over the phase change material, and optionally an overcoat disposed between the phase change material and the lubricant layer. The lubricant layer can include polymer chains (also referred to herein as polymer fibers), the polymer chains being adapted to bond to one of the phase change material and an overcoat. Where an overcoat is used, the overcoat is a highly anisotropic material that conducts current more efficiently through the overcoat than across the overcoat. The media is either grounded or electrically connected with a voltage source such that when the tip is placed in contact with the media and a voltage is applied to the tip, a current is drawn through the media. The lubricant layer reduces wear on the tip by providing a movable surface that does not stick to the tip, but rather holds to the bonded surface.

Abstract: An improved tone arm mounting system, for improved damping of tone arm system (100) vibrations. Tone arm system (100) is supported by tone arm pedestal (106). Adjuster screw (301) is affixed to the bottom of tone arm pedestal (106) so that adjuster screw axis of revolution (309) passes through or near tone arm system weight center of gravity (310). Adjuster screw (301), by threaded means, rotatably receives adjuster wheel (302), which is thin and is large in diameter, for easy access to its outer edge for manual or mechanical operation. Rotation of adjuster wheel (302) on adjuster screw (301) changes the height of tone arm pedestal (106) and thereby changes VTA (110). The tone arm system (100) is supported by arm board (206) without vertical connection to arm board (206) thereby damping mechanical vibrations and improving signal quality.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optical recording medium having at least a recording layer provided on a light-transmissive substrate having grooves and lands with prepits, wherein said lands are generally rectangular or trapezoidal in cross section having a top surface and sidewalls, as well as a specified land height (h1), and said prepits are formed in a land in the center area of the land in a width direction thereof, and spaced from the adjacent grooves by boundary walls of a specified height (h2). The optical recording medium permits address information and disc rotation control information to be accessed accurately even if a track pitch is small, and which still can be manufactured efficiently, with the added capability of signal recording in high density and reproduction of high-quality signals.

Abstract: An information recording and playback medium that is compatible with DVD AND/OR CD formats that has both read-only regions and also readable, writable and rewritable regions, and a method for recording and using such a medium, is disclosed.

Abstract: Hybrid optical disc has a DVD layer and a HDDVD layer in a laminating direction. When regional assignments as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B are applied to these layers, regional information in the DVD layer contains “1” in the bit position corresponding to Code 2 and Code 3, and the HDDVD layer contains “1” in the bit position corresponding to Code p, Code q, and Code r+1 through r+4. Thereby, any one of contents recorded in the two layers can be reproduced in Japan, Greenland, Korea, and Southeast Asia nations.

Abstract: A data storage cartridge is provided that is configured to be received by a socket including an actuator pin. The data storage cartridge includes a housing and a non-tape storage medium. The housing defines an access window and includes a planar member surrounded by a plurality of side walls. An elongated pin reception slot is defined through the planar member and is configured to receive the actuator pin of the socket. The non-tape storage medium is maintained within the housing and is configured to be accessed from a point external to the data storage cartridge via the access window.

Abstract: A method and devices are provided for estimating a signal received at a wireless communication cell along a communication channel where the transmission/reception frequency used for conveying traffic along that communication channel is substantially equal to transmission/reception frequency used for conveying traffic along at least one other communication channel extending from/to at least one substantially interfering cell. The method comprises: associating a pilot sequence with the wireless communication cells operative in the wireless network; providing a receiver with information that would allow estimation of the pilot sequence used by a transmitter with which that receiver is adapted to communicate; providing the receiver with information that would allow estimation of the pilot sequences associated with other transmitters communicating with other receivers located at the geographical proximity of that receiver; estimating the signal associated with the pilot sequence used by the first transmitter, e.g.

Abstract: A receiver employing CDMA techniques estimates background noise based on a periodically updated code. The transmitted signal includes a periodically updated code of a predetermined type and wherein the received signal has CW interference in addition to the transmitted signal. The decision circuit determines if a value representing the likelihood of detection of the code exceeds a predetermined threshold. In the case of a pilot signal not being detected within a predetermined time period which corresponds to code update period, the background noise estimator obtains a new background estimation.

Abstract: A ‘smart’ sub-channel hopping control mechanism executes one or more sub-channel selection discriminators to enable the communications controller of a spectral reuse transceiver to delineate on which of a plurality sub-channels the spectral reuse transceiver may transmit, so as to substantially reduce the likelihood of triggering squelch circuits of silent radios of primary (licensed) channel users.

Abstract: A method within a communication device (105) for preventing reporting of duplicate pilots within a communication system (100) is disclosed. The method includes communicating with one or more base stations (110); monitoring and maintaining a pilot set (200); allocating one or more pilots not found in the active set (205), the candidate set (210), or the neighbor set (215) to a remaining set (220) comprising one or more remaining set pilots; providing a remaining set window (225) around each remaining set pilot; and eliminating a remaining set pilot when the remaining set window (225) around the remaining set pilot overlaps any of the active, the candidate, or the neighbor set pilots.

Abstract: For ensuring a low cost transport of signals in a radio network, in particular with a high density of radio access points, a method is proposed, where the signals are transported over wires between a base station and radio access points, comprising the steps of: determining the useful band of each wire (20); associating at least two wires (21); filtering the signal into sub-bands (22); transporting each sub-band over one or more wires of the associated wires (25); at the receiving end rebuilding the signal from the sub-bands (27). Further proposed are a radio head and a radio controller both adapted to the present method.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for providing convergence for a dual-homed site in a network is presented. An occurrence of a failure between a first Provider Edge (PE) device and a first Customer Edge (CE) device in communication with a dual-homed site is detected. A determination is made whether an alternate route exists for the dual-homed site in a routing table associated with the first PE device. When an alternate route exists then a routing entry associated with the first CE device in a routing table of said first PE device is kept from being deleted for a predetermined amount of time, the routing table is modified to reference the alternate route, the routing entry is rewritten to perform a POP and lookup in a VRF table of the first PE device, and the routing entry is deleted after the predetermined amount of time has elapsed.

Abstract: The invention allows binary class based control of a communications network and its services. A fault table and a state table are generated. The state table is compared with the state table in response to detecting a change in a state table entry. If the changed state table entry equals a corresponding fault table entry, an appropriate control action is determined and performed. The invention allows controlling a communications network, communications network resources, communications network services and services provided over the communications network significantly faster than prior art implementations.

Abstract: A method of providing router redundancy within a distributed network of routers, wherein messages are routed within the network based on virtual router identifiers, involves organizing the routers into one or more redundancy groups; assigning a physical identifier to each router in each of the redundancy groups; assigning one or more virtual identifiers to each redundancy group; selecting one of the routers of a particular redundancy group as a currently active router associated with a particular virtual identifier assigned to that redundancy group; advertising among the distributed network of routers for each redundancy group the physical identifier for the active router and information enabling other routers to determine the virtual identifier with which the currently active router is associated; and forwarding messages destined for a particular virtual router identifier to the currently active router based on the physical identifier of the currently active router.

Abstract: A method performed in one single transceiver for allocating transmission capacity between the two directions of transmission in wire line data communication. The method includes the step of allocating from the single transceiver different parts of the available bandwidth to different duplex methods simultaneously.

Abstract: A Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) proxy is used in combination with a signaling proxy to provide improved admission control, Quality of Service (QoS) reservation, and media path routing. This avoids entangling call signaling with media plane functions as required with Session Border Controllers (SBCs). A QoS access network control scheme, such as Packet Cable Multi-Media (PCMM) and/or Dynamic Quality of Service (DQoS), is conventionally used to set up QoS and other flow states on an access network. However, the gate parameters established during this access operation are also provided to an RSVP proxy in an edge router. The gate parameters trigger the RSVP proxy to attempt to establish a QoS reservation over the packet network toward a media flow destination. If admission control for the QoS reservation is successful, the edge router permits the signaling proxy to complete the media call.

Abstract: Relay units (1002-1-1002-n) terminate a plurality of transport layer connections from terminals in a transport layer and relay each of these connections to other transport layer connections (relay connections). A transmission rate control unit (1003) determines the total transmission rate of the relay connections according to the number of connections that are being relayed and network congestion conditions such that a desired effective rate is obtained, and moreover, allots the total transmission rate as transmission rates to each of relay units (1002-1-1002-n) in accordance with the results of the analysis of information of the applications being carried on the transport layer connections during relay.

Abstract: Various techniques including simple TCP/IP protocol modifications are presented for immediate ready implementations of virtually congestion free guaranteed service capable network, without requiring use of existing QoS/MPLS techniques nor requiring any of the switches/routers softwares within the network to be modified or contribute to achieving the end-to-end performance results nor requiring provision of unlimited bandwidths at each and every inter-node links within the network.

Abstract: Architecture that facilitates the validation and authentication of the physical location of the dual-mode handset in a VoWLAN solution (e.g., UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)) system and a cellular wireless service, thereby restricting the handset from gaining access from unauthorized locations. Thus, access to dual-mode service (e.g., UMA), for example, at a particular location (e.g., in a subscriber's home, or in a hot spot that is controlled by carrier) can now be managed to allow or deny service at a certain location. Another aspect of the invention is the capability to perform location-based billing. For example, if the subscriber is at home, the call may be free. Alternatively, if the subscriber is at a remote location (e.g., a retail establishment), it is now possible to charge for that connection at a different fee. Additionally, a location can now be assigned; for example, to assign a location for E911 compliance.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and related method for reducing the delay variance of a plurality of data transmitted from a sender to a receiver in a communication system are disclosed. The method includes: assigning a permission probability to the sender; and before a data is to be sent to the receiver from the sender, and determining if the sender is allowed to transmit the data according to the permission probability.

Abstract: Embodiments of the current invention describe a method of receiving quality of service (QoS) requirements for a software task of a computing device from an operating system QoS infrastructure and configuring a power management policy for a computing device using the QoS requirements for the software task of the computing device.

Abstract: Packets may be classified into flows using direct lookup tables. The classification includes receiving a packet including a packet field having a corresponding field value. A direct lookup table (“DLT”) is indexed into at a DLT offset matching the field value to determine whether one or more of classification rules for classifying the packet into one or more flows are indexed at the DLT offset matching the field value. The DLT includes at least a portion of the classification rules indexed at any of multiple DLT offsets within the DLT according to at least one bit matching mask. In some cases, the packet field may be segmented into packet sub-fields having corresponding sub-field values and multiple strided DLTs are indexed into at DLT offsets matching the corresponding sub-field values to determine the matching classification rules for each of the sub-field values.

Abstract: A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) repeater in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), the WDS repeater includes: a controller adapted to compare a wireless link rate of a WLAN signal received from an Access Point (AP) of the WLAN to a wireless link rate threshold registered in a wireless link rate table, and to display a connectability status of the wireless link according to the comparison result. A method of displaying a WDS link status in a wireless LAN system includes: detecting a wireless link rate of a WLAN signal received from an AP; comparing the detected wireless link rate to a wireless link rate threshold registered in a wireless link rate table; and displaying an ability to establish a connection when the detected wireless link rate is equal to or greater than the wireless link rate threshold.

Abstract: A communication system (50) can include a source node (31) coupled to a peer node (41), a source database (38) and a target database (48) at the peer node, and a logical unit (32 or 42). The logical unit can be programmed to forward data changes from source to peer node, monitor a health status of a replication task (34 or 44) by performing an audit on the source and nodes, and compare the audits on the source and peer nodes. The logical unit can be further programmed to perform at least one among the functions of synchronizing by launching a replication task synchronization thread (52) and a new target database (54) at the peer node and replacing the target database with the new target database upon completion of the synchronizing or switching over to the peer node upon detection of a critical failure at the source node during synchronization.

Abstract: A system includes nodes and a path selection mechanism. The nodes are interconnected with one another as a mesh network. At least one of the nodes is connected to at least another of the nodes by different transport technologies. The path selection mechanism, in at least one of the nodes, determines an optimal path through the mesh network to transmit data from an originating node to a recipient node.

Abstract: A system for testing branch execution and state transition logic in session initiation protocol application modular components. A test harness constructs, sends, and initializes an artificial session initiation protocol runtime environment in order to test session initiation protocol application modular components. The artificial session initiation protocol runtime environment simulates session initiation protocol messages and a determines whether an appropriate session initiation protocol event occurs. Subsequent to determining whether the appropriate session initiation protocol event occurs in response to the simulated session initiation protocol messages, a report of the test results is generated.

Abstract: An application destined for a client VoIP device is available at a service provider 20 and is loaded first to a client-side device over an unsecure public network, using a secure protocol. The VoIP device is not able to receive the application directly using the secure protocol and the client side device is instructed to load the application to the client VoIP device over a private network using an unsecure protocol.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first automated system monitors at least one call characteristic (e.g., frequency of abnormally short calls) to determine whether quality of service standards are being met by the various carriers being utilized by the system. Such an at least one call characteristic can be stored in a database for later retrieval by an automated link diagnosis system. If appropriate, a link re-routing system can respond to an analysis of the link diagnosis system in order to re-route calls—by either taking at least one link out of service or by placing at least one link back into service.

Abstract: A network management center (100) has a controller (102) coupled to an MPLS (Multi-protocol Label Switching) network (108) coupled to groups of customer network sites (104). The controller is programmed to provision (202) MPLS network elements to logically link the network management center with all customer network sites. Said elements are provisioned to restrict sharing of network information between groups of customer network sites. The controller is also programmed to monitor (206) customer network sites for faults therein.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, method and article for high definition audio modems are described. The apparatus may include a communications path comprising a communications bus and buffers, a codec to couple to the communications bus, and a processor to couple to the communications bus. The processor may be arranged to execute instructions for a software modem to determine a round trip delay value for a communications path, and adjust the round trip delay value by varying input to one of the buffers. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide single or multi-port, flexible, cost-effective, built-in self-test capabilities for network communications equipment, such as for example switches, and programmably generate, and subsequently analyze, one or more sequences of test packets, wherein the test packets simulate at least two flows of traffic. Such test packets can have programmable headers, payloads, and duty cycle. A line card embodying the present invention may generate its own traffic pattern, which may be similar or identical, to traffic patterns observed on Internet backbones. These traffic patterns may contain a bimodal distribution of control packets interspersed with data packets wherein the control packets and data packets are relatively short and long respectively. A plurality of test packet generators/receivers can be deployed in a network communications device having a plurality of ports. In such a configuration, test generator/receiver is associated with each of the plurality of ports.

Abstract: Point-to-point links between devices are brought up at a slowest available speed, and a faster link speed is negotiated after reaching an operational state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for monitoring VoIP call quality. In one respect, embodiments of the invention take into account the effect of bursty packet loss on perceived call quality. In another respect, embodiments of the invention take into account the effect of the recency of packet loss on perceived call quality. By modeling one or both of the foregoing effects, the accuracy of VoIP call quality measures are improved.

Abstract: A method is provided for providing secured mobile IP services to a mobile terminal which is currently associated with an access network different from its own home access network. The method is characterized by creating a virtual mobile node at an access network server of the current access network, which communicates with a Home Agent associated with the terminal's home mobile network and with one or more access points associated with the current access network, at which the mobile terminal is currently located.

Abstract: A method to determine the maximum number of VPNs assignable to plurality of routers in a VPN network. The first step in the method can be specifying a tolerance which is a probability that consumed router memory will exceed available router memory for each router in a plurality of routers. The second step can be computing the consumed router memory on each router in a plurality of routers by summing a route memory, an interface memory, a VPN memory, and a constant memory. The third step can be computing a number [V] of VPNs assigned to the router to insure that, with the specified probability tolerance, the consumed router memory will not exceed the available router memory for each router in a plurality of routers.

Abstract: During an initial sending and receiving of QoS parameters between a QoS-based application and a data stack controller of a mobile terminal, the parameters are stored to a data stack of the mobile terminal. The parameters are used in an initial negotiation between the data stack controller and a base station. Subsequent re-negotiations of parameters between the data stack controller and other base stations does not require any subsequent re-sending and re-receiving of QoS parameters between the application and the data stack controller as any subsequent re-negotiations are implemented by retrieving the parameters from the data stack. As such, the application is “kept blind” of later re-negotiations between the data stack controller and base stations and continues its operation without disruption even during re-negotiations at handoffs between QoS and non-QoS aware base stations as the application receives QoS support during operation or operates under “best effort” conditions.

Abstract: In a re-association communications sequence between a mobile wireless device and an access point, a substantially unique may be derived and transmitted to the mobile wireless device in one of the re-association messages. The mobile wireless device may then transmit the value back to the e access point to verify that it is the same mobile wireless device.

Abstract: A method for measuring bus traffic on a controller area network (CAN) is described. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a digital oscilloscope acquires the CAN bus signal in form of a waveform in real-time. The waveform is converted into a bit stream and the bit steam analyzed to carry out various measurements in a CAN measurement system. The method can be used for continuous monitoring of bus traffic and measurements of various parameters related such as bus occupancy by a particular node. The acquired data may be analyzed for measuring bus occupancy by various types of CAN message frames. The user is presented with a data display and a graphical display of the measurements. Also, the user is allowed to feed identifier of a node to obtain measurements relating to that particular node.

Abstract: A method clusters a plurality of users in a mobile network, according to a specific profile. Data regarding the user is allocated to each user. Data is immediately exchanged between at least two users as soon as said users are located in a predefined communication range in order to spot users with profiles having a given content.

Abstract: An apparatus for a fast reactive handover in an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) mobile system is provided, in which a message receiver receives a new connection notification message from a point of attachment when the point of attachment makes a new connection with a mobile unit, and a message transmitter sends a router advertisement (RA) message to the mobile unit in response to receiving the new connection notification message.