Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing data, method thereof, recording medium, apparatus for recording data and method thereof are disclosed, by which a seamless reproduction between a plurality of contents within the recording medium can be implemented. A method for reproducing a plurality of contents within a recording medium successively, the method comprises first reproducing a first contents among the contents; allocating a buffer for seamless reproduction of a second contents in case that seamless information recorded on the recording medium indicates that the second contents is seamlessly reproduced after the first contents is reproduced; pre-loading the second contents from the recording medium to the buffer; and second reproducing the second contents pre-loaded in the buffer.

Abstract: A transmitter (14) of audio, video, or other real-time information reads the information from a persistent store (22) in which the real-time information has been stored in the Real-time-Transport Protocol (“RTP”) format (FIG. 4). A receiver (18) receives the information from the channel (16) through which the transmitter (14) has transmitted it, and the receiver may store the information in a persistent store (24) in RTP format instead of or in addition to playing it by applying it to an appropriate player (20). Parts of this communications circuit may be tested by a tester unit (26) that also employs RTP-format information from a persistent store (22).

Abstract: A control unit determines whether a flag for instructing execution of finalize process is set. In the case where dubbing is automatically stopped under any of the conditions “no signal in predetermined period,” “TAPE-END” and “DISC-FULL,” the flag for instructing execution of finalize process is set and thus the control unit executes finalize process. In contrast, in the case where the flag for instructing execution of finalize process is not set due to the fact for example that the user manually stops the dubbing by means of an operation unit, the whole process is ended without execution of finalize process. Accordingly, it is unnecessary for the user to manually perform finalize process while checking a monitor at the spot. Thus, a recording and reproducing apparatus improving the convenience for the user in dubbing from a magnetic tape to a disc medium can be provided.

Abstract: A drop sensor detects a drop of a device. When the drop of the device is detected, a sub CPU allows a counter to count a drop time. When the device drops for a predetermined time or more, the sub CPU controls a regulator so that the regulator forcibly disconnects an electric power to be supplied to a hard disc, and writes a drop occurrence flag into a nonvolatile memory. When the power supply is again turned on, a main CPU allows a display section to display information indicating that the power supply is disconnected due to the drop of the device.

Abstract: A recording and playback system and methodology that plays video/audio content in appliances. According to the invention, backup/recovery system comprises a CD/DVD emulator, a converter and a display. The CD/DVD emulator is used for creating the video/audio content into an image. The converter is used for converting the image to other formats. The display is used for displaying the converted image. The invention copies a CD or unprotected DVD as a compressed image, which the user can play in place of original discs.

Abstract: A replacement device for a light bulb includes a translucent shell and a base. The base supports a plurality of LEDs positioned so as to emit a light show through the shell. The base is configured to be received in a conventional light socket. The base also includes a compartment for receiving and securing a replaceable volatile active cartridge and a heater for enabling the device to effectively emit an active ingredient from the cartridge when the cartridge is secured in the compartment. A white light source is also provided in the shell as a source of illumination. The device can be used as a white light source, for displaying a colored light show and for volatile active emission. The volatile active may be emitted continuously when the device is used as either a white light source or for purposes of displaying a colored light show. Thus, a single device is used as a replacement for a conventional light bulb and is a combination white light source/colored light show source/volatile active source.

Abstract: The present invention enables a user to photograph and edit a photograph suiting one's taste slowly and while having fun. The automatic photo studio of this invention has a counter for a person to receive a user, a plurality of satellites having a function of receiving operations of a user and a function of showing various displays to the user, and a plurality of studios for photographing a subject. The automatic photo studio further includes a counter system provided in the vicinity of the counter for performing visitor processing and checkout processing to the user, a printer system provided in the vicinity of the counter for printing images based on subject images photographed in the studio, a satellite system provided to the satellite for enabling the user to edit the subject images photographed in the studio, and a studio system provided to the studio for controlling the photo shooting conditions and photo shoot timing.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus has: an image sensor which converts a subject optical image into an electrical signal; a driving section which moves the image sensor on a plane orthogonal to an optical axis of the image sensing apparatus: an imaging controlling section which causes the image sensor to obtain at least a first image and a second image sequentially, wherein the first image is obtained by causing the image sensor to perform an image capturing operation with the image sensor being located at a first position, and the second image is obtained by causing the image sensor to perform an image capturing operation with the image sensor being located at a second position different from the first position by driving of the driving section; and a storage which stores the first image and the second image in correlation to each other so that a composite image is creatable by joining the first image and the second image.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is, when determining a line-of-sight vector of a subject, to identify a three-dimensional position of a pupil center or corneal reflection center thereof. The line-of-sight vector is determined by measuring a distance from a camera to the pupil center or corneal reflection center of the subject using a two-dimensional CMOS distance image sensor by a light time-of-flight method and obtaining position information of the pupil center and corneal reflection center of the subject using the distance image sensor. If a position and a direction of the camera are identified, a camera-pupil center vector is determined from image information of the pupil center of the subject. Since the camera-pupil center distance has been measured, a pupil center position in a three-dimensional space is determined from the above information. Combining this with two line-of-sight vectors determines a position where line-of-sight vectors intersect, or a view-point.

Abstract: An image-taking apparatus includes a LED emission section that irradiates a subject with light by causing a LED to emit the light and a xenon-tube emission section that irradiates a subject with light by causing a xenon tube to emit the light. The light from the xenon-tube emission section has higher intensity than the light from the LED emission section. The image-taking apparatus also includes a shake detection section that predicts a shake that will occur at shooting by detecting a shake before shooting. The image-taking apparatus also includes an emission control section that causes the xenon-tube emission section to irradiate a subject with light when the detected shake is above a predetermined level, and causes the LED emission section to irradiate a subject with light when the detected shake is equal to or below the predetermined level.

Abstract: Feature points are extracted from an image of a plurality of frames. A blurring direction component of a previous frame image is judged from motion vectors of the next frame image acquired with reference to feature points of the extracted previous frame image. Images of the same blurring direction are selected and grouped from the image of a plurality of frames based on that judgment result. After performing position compensation, an additive composite of a grouped composite image is created for each group so that feature points conform to grouped images. Subsequently, inverse transform filter processing is applied to the grouped composite image data and hand shake compensation by group is accomplished which compensates the blurring direction component matched to a group. Upon position compensation, an additive composite is generated of a hand shake compensated image so that feature points of each grouped composite image conform to hand shake compensation.

Abstract: A stage apparatus includes a stationary support member, a movable stage plate supported by the stationary support member to be movable in a plane relative to the stationary support member, at least one magnetic force generator which is provided integral with the stationary support member, and at least one coil which is mounted on the movable stage plate and receives a magnetic force generated by the magnetic force generator to produce a driving force for driving the movable stage plate in the plane. At least one hole in which the coil is fixedly fitted is formed on the movable stage plate.

Abstract: A communications device may include a receiver, a tunable clock signal generator, a digital camera, and a processor. The receiver may be configured to receive communications over an air interface using a plurality of frequency channels. The tunable clock signal generator may be configured to generate a tunable clock signal responsive to a tuning input. The digital camera may be configured to capture digital images and to operate responsive to the tunable clock signal. The processor may be coupled to the receiver, the tunable clock signal generator, and the digital camera. Moreover, the processor may be configured to determine at least one of the plurality of frequency channels over which communications are likely to be received and to generate the tuning input for the tunable clock signal generator responsive to determining the at least one of the plurality of frequency channels over which communications are likely to be received. Related methods are also discussed.

Abstract: An image taking apparatus has a small light-emitting section capable of easily adjusting a luminous intensity distribution of flash. Two reflection side plates are disposed such that they cover Fresnel lenses disposed on both ends of a protector when a zoom switch is operated to a WIDE side, light emitted sideway from an arc tube is reflected to the two reflection side plates and is guided toward a central side of the protector, and the luminous intensity distribution is adjusted such as to fit the WIDE image taking angle of view. If the zoom switch is operated to a TELE side, the two reflection side plates are inclined, light emitted sideway from the arc tube is guided to the Fresnel lenses, and the luminous intensity distribution is adjusted to fit a TELE image taking angle of view.

Abstract: In an image taking apparatus, an arc tube and a reflector are moved forward when a zoom switch is operated to a WIDE-side and two reflection side plates are disposed such as to cover and hide Fresnel lenses located on both ends of a protector. Light emitted sideway from the arc tube is reflected from the reflection side plates, the light is introduced toward a central portion of the protector, and a radiation field suitable for a wide angle is formed. If the zoom switch is operated toward the TELE side, the reflection side plates are inclined such as to expose the Fresnel lenses on the both ends of the protector and the arc tube and the reflector are retreated at the same time, light emitted sideway from the arc tube is entirely guided to the Fresnel lenses, and a radiation field suitable for a TELE angle is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lens operation device connected to a lens apparatus and adapted to operate a function which the lens apparatus has. The structure of the lens operation device includes: a plurality of switches including an auxiliary switch; and a controller for detecting the function of the lens apparatus and for assigning execution of the function to the auxiliary switch.

Abstract: An optical system is provided for allowing regional focus control. The system uses a variable power optical component system as two optical shear plates that can be laterally displaced with respect to each other to adjust and alter the field curvature of the optical system. This changing of the field curvature creates an area of focus whose particular size and shape within the field of view is controlled through manipulation of the shear plates with respect to each other and the field of view. The area of focus can be repositioned to any point within the field of view so that the area of focus can affect the image light coinciding with that particular region. The shear plates are preferably positioned at the intermediate focal plane of the optical system, between the camera body and the taking lens. The image which has been altered, by the shear plates is then transposed to the camera body by a relay lens and recorded by film at the primary film plane located within the camera body.

Abstract: A lens module includes a driving apparatus, a rotary device, and a lens assembly. The rotary device includes a contact portion having a continuous ramp and is rotated by the driving apparatus. The lens assembly includes a guide portion which contacts the contact portion and a lens moving along with the guide portion. A rotation of the rotary device is driven by the driving apparatus and a displacement of the lens assembly is promoted by the rotation of the rotary device via the guide portion so that focus is achieved.

Abstract: A camera comprising the following components is disclosed: a vibrating motor which drives a focus lens of an image-taking optical system, and a control circuit which controls the vibrating type motor to repeatedly drive and stop the focus lens, extracting higher frequency components from an image signal obtained from an image pickup device in each stopped state of the focus lens, and performing focus adjusting operation of moving the focus lens to an in-focus position in accordance with a focus adjustment state of the image-taking optical system determined on the basis of the higher frequency components. The control circuit causes traveling wave vibration to be generated on the vibrating member of the vibrating type motor when the focus lens is driven and causes standing wave vibration to be generated on the vibrating member while the focus lens is stopped during the focus adjusting operation.

Abstract: A ring-shaped luminaire has a luminaire housing with an opening for a camera lens. At least one illumination element is arranged inside the luminaire housing behind a light passage of the luminaire housing. An attachment is arranged on the luminaire housing. The attachment has at least one honeycomb louver that is positioned in front of the light passage. The attachment has an opening for the camera lens.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photographic apparatus comprising a control device which controls photography preparations when a release button is halfway-pressed and controls photography when the release button is fully-pressed, wherein the control device also controls photography upon deactivation of halfway-pressing of the release button. According to the photographic apparatus of the present invention, photography is performed not only when the release button is first halfway-pressed and then fully-pressed, but also when halfway-pressing is deactivated. This ensures even those unfamiliar with operation to perform photography without wasting photograph opportunities.

Abstract: A system and method for capturing and distributing digitized photographic images via an electronics communications network are provided. A subject is provided with a portable identification wireless transmitter. A digital camera coupled with a wireless receiver creates a digital photographic document and includes the identification of the user in a formatted electronic message. The document may also retain information identifying the time and locale of the creation of the image. The document is made accessible to the electronic communications network, e.g. the Internet, in association with and by means of a data structure. The data structure and/or the document may be associated within an independent or additional identifier of the subject or of a third party. Information concerning the subject and locale related to the origination of the image are inserted into an available data field of a standard digital image format, such as a JPEG, MPEG of GIF format.

Abstract: A lens drive apparatus provides a moving lenticular body equipped with a lens. A driving mechanism is used to move the moving lenticular body in an axis direction of the lens. A fixed body supports the moving lenticular body so as to make it movable in an optical axis direction. A contact surface is formed in either the moving lenticular body or the fixed body so that the moving lenticular body contacts the contact surface to control the moving range of the lens drive apparatus in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A combined operation lamp image detecting system includes an operation lamp attached to a movable mount, and at least one camera arranged in a fixed, known and/or detectable positional relationship relative to the operation lamp. The moveable mount includes actuators that are controlled on the basis of image signals detected by the camera so as to maintain shadow free illumination of a workspace.

Abstract: The present invention provides a digital camera and a digital camera printing system applied thereon, which are possible to confirm whether there are flawed photographic images existed or not, and what kinds of the flawed photographic images they are if there are flawed photographic images existed in order to avoid wasting photographic printing paper. The digital camera printing system applied on the digital camera comprises a storing unit for storing photographic images; a determination unit for determining whether the photographic images are of flawless or flawed photographic images; and a print-out executing unit for executing print out of the photographic images stored in the storing unit, and is possible to select executions between a all-print-out mode for printing out all images which include the flawed and flawless photographic images and a list print-out for printing out a list of the flawed photographic images together with the flawless photographic images.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal comprising a first unit comprising a circuit; a second unit comprising a rotating camera module; and a flexible printed circuit board connecting said circuit to said rotating camera module. The rotating camera module comprising a first peg forming a first turning point for said flexible circuit board to wind around in a first direction, wherein a wound path of said flexible circuit board around said first turning point virtually divides said flexible circuit board into a first region and a second region, said first region being defined by a first portion of said flexible circuit board extending from a connection point to said rotating camera module to said first peg, said second region being defined by a second portion of said flexible circuit board extending from said first peg to an area above said connection point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a remote interface device (12) for terminating a remote optical fiber link, with a network input (14), a network output (15), a customer input (17) and a customer output (16) for data signals, characterized in that the device (12) is designed such that during normal operation, only data received at the customer input (17) is sent onto the network output (15), that the device (12) is further designed such that in case of a failure at the network input (14) or a failure at the hardware of the remote interface device (12), the network output (15) is closed, i.e. no signal at all is sent onto the network output (15), and in case of a failure at the customer input (17), a dedicated auxiliary signal only is sent onto the network output (15). The inventive device allows the use of the full data transfer capacity for customer's data during normal operation, and allows distinction between different types (provider, customer related) of connection failures.

Abstract: An optical network system having a global controller capable of controlling all the elements of the network. The controller receives performance data from each optical network element and calculates a performance value for each channel transmitting through the system. The controller then isolates the channel with the minimum performance value and tests possible changes in network element parameters to find a change which would increase this performance value. Once such a change is found, it is implemented and the system is reoptimized.

Abstract: A method and system for a bit error rate (BER) contour-based optimum decision threshold and sampling phase selection in optical communication systems is disclosed. According to one aspect of the invention, for a selected sampling phase and a decision threshold, high BER values are measured. Low BER values are approximated from the high BER values using error functions. The procedures are repeated for all selected sampling phases and decision thresholds and corresponding BER values are calculated. The sampling phases and decision thresholds for each specific BER value are plotted to create the BER contour diagrams. The optimum decision threshold for a sampling phase is calculated by equating the BER due to marks (“1s”) and the BER due to spaces (“0s”). In one aspect of the invention, a BER test module resides in the receiver. The BER test module calculates the BERs and the optimum decision threshold and sampling phase.

Abstract: The invention discloses an interconnection structure and a method for configuring path between the optical networks. The optical network includes a first network and a second network, the first network and the second network each has a number of nodes, a first node of the first network connects with a third node of the second network, a second node of the first network connects with a fourth node of the second network. The method comprises the steps of: setting-up a first path between one of the first node and the second node and another node of the first network; and at least by one link of the link between the first node and the third node and that between the second node and the fourth node, and by the first path, said another node of the first network communicates for path with another node of the second network.

Abstract: In optical communications between a base station and a local station, the wavelength of a laser light source for a signal, high LD, in the base station that generates downstream signal light is set to a wavelength with an effect of Raman amplifying an upstream light signal that propagates through an optical fiber 2. In the optical fiber 2, an upstream light signal transmitted from the local station to the base station is amplified with the downstream signal light from the laser light source for a signal, high LD, while the upstream light signal is propagating through the optical fiber 2.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for facilitating asymmetric line rates in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) which includes a central node and at least one remote node. During operation, the system provides a downstream code-group clock, wherein each cycle thereof corresponds to a code group transmitted from the central node to a remote node. The system also provides an upstream code-group clock, wherein each cycle thereof corresponds to a code group received at the central node from a remote node. In addition, the system provides a multi-point control protocol (MPCP) clock, wherein the frequency ratio of the MPCP clock to the downstream code-group clock is different from the frequency ratio of the MPCP clock to the upstream code-group clock, thereby allowing the downstream transmission to be performed at a faster line rate than the upstream transmission line rate.

Abstract: A bidirectional add/drop multiplexer includes first input/output unit inputs a first optical signal multiplexed from a plurality of odd channels and outputs a second optical signal multiplexed from a plurality of added or dropped even channels; a second input/output unit outputs the first optical signal multiplexed from a plurality of added or dropped odd channels and outputs the second optical signal multiplexed from a plurality of even channels; an optical arrayed waveguide grating for multiplexing added or dropped odd channels of the first optical signal input to a first terminal for subsequent transmission to the second input/output unit, multiplexing added or dropped even channels of the second optical signal input to a second terminal for subsequent transmission to the first input/output unit; and an optical combining unit that amplifies the first optical signal and the second optical signal input from the first input/output unit and the second input/output unit.

Abstract: An optical communications link for an electrical communications system, e.g., an ARINC 429 protocol system, includes a first logic device to convert an input signal of a given level to a first electrical signal of a duration corresponding to such level, a first optical device (transmitter) presenting an optical signal of a duration corresponding to such first electrical signal, a second optical device (receiver) to convert the optical signal to a second electrical signal of a duration representative of the duration of the optical signal, an optical coupling between the optical devices, and a second logic device to convert the second electrical signal to an output electrical signal having a level representative of the duration of the optical signal. A communications system including electrical communications input and output devices, the optical and an optical communications link coupled between those devices.

Abstract: In an optical transmission system comprising a transmitter, a receiver, and a transmission line that connects the transmitter and the receiver, a dispersion compensator is disposed in the receiver. The transmitter comprises an E/O (electro-optical signal converter) and a post-amplifier. An optical signal that has been RZ-coded is supplied to the E/O. The transmitter pre-chirps the optical signal. The pre-chirp is performed by red-chirp of which the value of the chirping parameter ? is positive. When the pre-chirp is performed, the non-linear effect of the optical signal on the transmission line can be canceled. In addition, with the RZ coded signal, the inter-symbol interference can be alleviated. Thus, the total dispersion amount of the dispersion compensator can be suppressed. In addition, the power of the optical output can be increased.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a modulated optical signal (S) comprising a carrier and at least two sidebands (LSB, USB) which are arranged symmetrically to a carrier wavelength (AC) from a transmitter (2) to a receiver (3) via an optical transmission link (4, 4?, 4?) comprises the steps of: separating the optical signal (S) into two optical single sideband signals (SB1, SB2) symmetrically to the carrier wavelength (?C), mirroring one of the two sideband signals (SB2) to the spectral location of the other single sideband signal (SB1), and combining both sideband signals (SB1, SB2) prior to optical-electrical conversion at the receiver (3). To this end and according to another aspect of the invention, a signal processing unit (5) comprises a wavelength mirror (7) that mirrors one of the sidebands (SB2) of the transmitted signal (S) onto the other (SB1).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an illuminant which is disposed in a cover or a paper feed cassette to be opened in order to remove a paper error when a paper error occurs. The image forming apparatus includes a body; a jam sensing unit for detecting whether a printing medium is jammed in the body; a plurality of covers which are disposed at an external side of the body and which are opened and closed in order to remove the jammed printing medium in the body; a plurality of illuminants which are disposed at the plurality of covers, respectively; and a control unit for switching on the illuminant which is disposed in at least one of the plurality of covers as being opened in order to remove the jammed printing medium if the jam sensing unit detects that the printing medium is jammed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an image acquiring section for acquiring the image to be printed, an attribute information acquiring section for acquiring attribute information of the recording sheet to be used for printing the image acquired by the image acquiring section from the IC tag attached to the recording sheet and storing the attribute information, a printing control section for controlling the operation of printing the image so as to make the image match the attributes of the recording sheet on the basis of the attribute information acquired by the attribute information acquiring section and an image printing section for printing the image under the control of the printing control section.

Abstract: In order to check the authenticity of a banknote or other such document it is printed with two patches of magnetisable ink, and each patch is magnetised to present a multipole sequence of alternating polarity. If the document is folded to bring the two patches together and then rubbed to and fro in the direction of the pole sequences, they will be subject to alternating forces of attraction and repulsion which can be sensed through the fingertips and gives the impression of a physically rippled texture notwithstanding that the patches actually have a smooth surface. The presence or absence of this effect can therefore be used to distinguish between a genuine document bearing such magnetised patches and a counterfeit which may be visually identical but lacks the correct magnetisation. In a variant only one of the patches is printed on the document itself and the other is on a separate “key” device which is rubbed over it to test for the presence of the correct magnetisation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer belt that moves while keeping contact with a photosensitive element at a transfer position, a control pattern forming unit that forms a control pattern on the intermediate transfer belt, a control pattern detecting unit that detects the control pattern; a deformation preventing unit arranged on a rear side of the moving member at a position facing the control pattern detecting unit; and tension applying members that applies tension to the intermediate transfer belt to tautly support the intermediate transfer belt. The deformation preventing unit and one of the tension applying members being a bias impressing unit that impresses a bias are arranged in close proximity to each other, and a surface of the deformation preventing unit is formed with an insulating material.

Abstract: System and methods may calibrate an AC rms voltage applied to a coronode of a charging device to achieve a predefined operating current at a target value of DC shield voltage. The target value of DC shield voltage may be set to be substantially below an over-voltage condition. System and methods may use a calibration routine that may determine a minimum AC voltage required to achieve the target value of DC shield voltage. Systems and methods may alternatively, or additionally, sense current and adjust the applied voltage to obtain a target current.

Abstract: A sheet transporting apparatus includes: a heating roller and a pressure roller that heats and presses a toner image to fix the toner image onto the sheet; a pressure roller detection unit that detects a contact posture of the rollers; a sheet meander correction mechanism that corrects a meander of the sheet by varying a difference in pressures between the rollers at both ends of the rollers; and a microprocessor that computes and stores the amount of the meander and the amount of correction, wherein the toner is fixed on the sheet when the contact posture is within a fixable range, and wherein when the pressure roller detection unit detects that the contact posture is out of the fixable range during transport of the sheet, the contact posture is controlled to return to a predetermined fixable posture, and the microprocessor corrects an error in the amount of correction.

Abstract: In an image forming device including a system control unit, an image formation unit forming an image on a recording sheet using a predetermined process, an image forming control unit controlling image formation, and a power supply unit supplying power to the image formation unit, the image forming control unit, and the system control unit in response to a control signal. A return factor monitoring unit detects occurrence of a return factor to a normal mode during a power saving mode, and outputs a notification signal indicating return factor information relating to a detected return factor, to the image forming control unit before starting of the system control unit is completed. An initialization necessity judgment unit determines whether initializing the predetermined process is needed at a time of returning to the normal mode, based on the return factor information.

Abstract: According to the present invention, at a position where a cleaning member of a corona discharge member reaches the movement end and a belt with teeth is stopped in driving, a drive pulley slides in contact with a slip area of the belt with teeth, thus although the belt with teeth is stopped in driving, even if a motor is driven, a load applied to the motor is small and the motor can be prevented from faults.

Abstract: A charging device including: a charging roller having a metal cylinder and an elastic layer located on the metal cylinder; a cleaner configured to clean the charging roller, which includes an electroconductive brush roller including a roller having a shaft; and hair located overlying the roller, wherein the hair includes a fiber which has a width of from 0.1 to 20 denier, and a length of from 0.3 to 2.5 mm and which is planted at a density of from 7,000 to 46,000 lines/cm2, and a member configured to impart substantially the same potential as that of the charging roller to the electroconductive brush roller when a bias voltage is applied to the charging roller. A process cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the charging device are also provided.

Abstract: A sheet storing portion storing a stack of recording sheets and sequentially supplying recording sheets to an image forming portion has a tray pullout frame that can be pulled out to the front side of the apparatus and a sheet tray provided in the tray pullout frame. The sheet tray stores recording sheets, and the tray pullout frame can be pulled out to a lateral side while the frame is mounted in the apparatus. The front part of the tray pullout frame can be open as the frame is mounted to the apparatus main body, so that the recording sheet transport path can be open and the apparatus can be restored upon a paper jam.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a dividing section which divides a plurality of pages into some groups, each of which includes at least one page; an inputting section which inputs different text strings for each group; a creating section which creates a composite image of a page image and a text string which is inputted for the group including the page; and a printing section which prints the composite image on a sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first mixer 24a that conveys developer in the first direction while stirring the developer. Recycled toner delivered from a delivery opening 116b of a photosensitive drum cleaner 116 is supplied to an upstream side of the first chamber that contains the toner that is to be supplied to a developing position on a photosensitive drum 103 to which a predetermined potential is applied by a developing roller 27 formed rotatable.

Abstract: A toner cartridge with a handle formed centrally in a trailing end of the cartridge. The handle is dished to comfortably accept a hand and is adapted such that a user will recognize that said handle is dedicated to receiving the user's hand. The cartridge is therefore installed and removed without binding since the user's hand is centered as a result of the placement of the user's hand in said handle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes: an image receptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed; a magnetic roller for forming a magnetic brush having a non-magnetic toner and a magnetic carrier by magnetic force; a donor roller facing the image receptor and receiving a toner from the magnetic roller to form a toner layer on an outer circumference thereof; bias applying device for applying a bias voltage to the donor roller to develop the electrostatic latent image by supplying the toner from the toner layer; and toner removing device which contacts the donor roller and removes at least a portion of the toner layer from a surface of the donor roller after developing. A method of developing the latent image on the image receptor is provided by the apparatus.