Abstract: The invention relates to a gas for removing deposits by a gas-solid reaction. This gas includes a hypofluorite that is defined as being a compound having at least one OF group in the molecule. Various deposits can be removed by the gas, and the gas can easily be made unharmful on the global environment after the removal of the deposits, due to the use of a hypofluorite. The gas may be a cleaning gas for cleaning, for example, the inside of an apparatus for producing semiconductor devices. This cleaning gas comprises 1–100 volume % of the hypofluorite. Alternatively, the gas of the invention may be an etching gas for removing an unwanted portion of a film deposited on a substrate. The unwanted portion can be removed by this etching gas as precisely as originally designed, due to the use of a hypofluorite. The invention further relates to a method for removing a deposit by the gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for anchoring a device or for carrying articles on a device includes a ring structure and at least one container attached to the ring structure. The ring structure includes a container holder and a shaft holder. The at least one container is attached to the ring structure via the container holder.

Abstract: A control device for opening and closing an automatic umbrella includes a handle, a lower tube, a control member, a press plate, a bullet head, an upper tube, and a push button. Thus, the push button is pressed in a two-stage manner to push and pivot the press plate to open and close the umbrella automatically, so that the control device is operated easily and conveniently, thereby facilitating a user opening and closing the umbrella.

Abstract: A collapsible gazebo frame includes a set of four corner support members and a set of four scissor assemblies, each being coupled to a different pair of the four corner support members. Each of four scissor assembly sliders is slidingly coupled to a different one of the four corner support members and serves to extend and retract the scissor assemblies coupled to the respective corner support member when slid along the corner support member. A canopy support frame includes four canopy support members, each being coupled to the top end of a different one of the four corner support members and having a canopy frame joint. The canopy support frame also includes four canopy frame sliders, where each canopy frame slider is slidingly coupled to a different one of the four corner support members. The canopy frame sliders serve to lock the canopy frame joints when slid along their corner support members.

Abstract: A valve body and seal assembly comprising a top-stem-guided valve body having at least one cast-in-place elastomeric seal insert in a peripheral seal retention groove and a cast-in-place top guide stem sleeve is made by pouring and curing liquid elastomer in at least one mold comprising the peripheral seal retention groove and the top guide stem. Mold surfaces contacting the poured elastomer are adhesion-inhibiting surfaces which reduce or eliminate background elastomer stress due to shrinkage during curing of the elastomer, and which allow limited relative movement of cast-in-place elastomer with respect to the valve body. Serrations on each of the opposing walls of the seal retention groove are offset to moderate differing stress concentrations in the groove walls.

Abstract: A fuel cutoff valve of the invention includes a casing body having a valve chamber and a holder element, a float having a seat member on its top, a movable valve element that is fitted in the holder element in a vertically movable manner, and a first connection conduit and a second connection conduit that connect inside of the valve chamber with outside. When the fuel level in a fuel tank rises to a preset first fluid level, the float moves up to shut off the first connection conduit. When the fuel level further rises to a preset second fluid level, the float further moves up to press the movable valve element up and shut off the second connection conduit. The fuel cutoff valve of this simple structure effectively prevents a blowing back flow of fuel in the course of fuel supply without requiring any subtle setting of a spring load.

Abstract: A liquid handling system transfers liquid (e.g. water, bearing marine animals) between two tanks each having a respective liner which is movable between a lining position (when filled with liquid) and an inverted position (when its respective tank is emptied). In an initial state, liquid is held in a first tank. By supplying air to a space between the first tank and its liner, its liner is progressively lifted and liquid passes along a channel onto the initially inverted second liner (which acts as a baffle to slow the liquid flow). Air in a space between the second liner and the second tank is vented so transferred liquid sinks the second liner to fill the second tank. A ballast liquid may be used in the spaces. Initially held in the second tank, the ballast liquid flows via a passage into the first tank as transfer of liquid progresses.

Abstract: A tank which is primarily intended for spraying applications and mountable on an all terrain vehicle (“ATV”). The tank (10) includes a main tank section (11) which, in use, extends laterally of the ATV and at least one longitudinally extending arm 12. The pump assembly is located in a cavity (14) in the underside of the main tank section (11). A cover (15) can cover the cavity (14) to mount the pump assembly in place. The tank (10) can include a removable auxiliary tank (21).

Abstract: A fluid pressure regulator includes a regulator housing having an inlet end and an outlet end; a flexible flow tube extending between the inlet end and the outlet end; a hollow piston located at a downstream location relative to a mid-portion of the flow tube in a direction of flow of fluid through the regulator housing; a first chamber above the piston and a second chamber below the piston; a passage establishing fluid communication between the outlet end and the first chamber; and at least one pinch arm pivotally mounted at one end within the regulator housing and movable in response to movement of the piston by an increase in fluid pressure in the first chamber so that an opposite end of the at least one pinch arm will pinch a portion of the flow tube and thereby restrict flow through the flow tube.

Abstract: A fluid control system for use with toxic or corrosive gases (for example) has been provided that includes a fluid pressure regulator comprising a fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; a first fluid flow path between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; a valve seat positioned in the first fluid flow path and dividing the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; a valve element regulating flow through the valve seat; a generally cylindrical membrane defining an inflatable fluid cavity that moves axially, responsive to inflation; a wall portion of the cavity that moves responsive to inflation and deflation of the cavity; a second fluid flow path communicating between the cavity and a source of pressure outside the cavity; and a link transmitting the movement of the wall portion to the valve element, thereby moving the valve element with respect to the valve seat responsive to inflation and deflation of the cavity.

Abstract: A check valve for use in a pump. The valve is arranged to be subjected to severe service conditions and high impact loads, yet be resistant to damage to its components. The check includes a body, a valve seat, a poppet and an impact cushion. The poppet is movably coupled to the valve seat and is biased by a spring into engagement with the valve seat. Upon the opening of the valve the poppet moves off of the valve seat and into engagement with the impact cushion against the spring bias. The impact cushion is movably coupled to the valve body and is biased by another spring. When the poppet engages the impact cushion they stay together and move, with the movement of the impact cushion absorbing energy from the poppet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid distribution unit (10, 20) for dividing a liquid current into a plurality of partial currents. Said unit comprises at least one liquid inlet (13, 23) for the supplied liquid current, a plurality of liquid outlets (14; 24) for the partial currents, and a plurality of channels (15, 25) connecting the liquid inlets (13, 23) to the liquid outlets (14, 24). Said unit is characterised in that the channels (15, 25) symmetrically and respectively branch off (16, 26) into upstream channels (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15c; 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 25c) and each connection leading from the liquid inlet (13; 23 ) to one of the liquid outlets (14; 24) comprises the same channels (15, 25) and the same branches (16, 26). A liquid distribution device for the divided distributiion of at least two different liquids; comprises a plurality of such liquid distribution units (10, 20) placed flatly on top of each other.

Abstract: An exhaust steam pipeline for steam power plants includes a main steam line and at least two branch lines which are fluidly connected to respective condenser elements of the steam power plant and branch off from the main steam line at connection zones in spaced-apart relationship. The main steam line has a cross section, which decreases following each of the connection zones, and is constructed to ascend at an angle to a horizontal in flow direction of the exhaust steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a quick-connect coupling for hydraulic fluid conduits. The inventive coupling consists of a male element and a female element comprising an outer tubular part and a mobile coupling part. In addition, joints are provided between the tubular parts and define chambers. According to the invention, during the coupling phase, one hydraulically-pressurised chamber can be communicated with an atmospheric pressure chamber, using at least one longitudinal groove or similar element which is disposed in the tubular coupling part or in the outer tubular part.

Abstract: An adaptive fitting for valves. The adaptive fitting has a fitting body having a first end and a second end. The fitting body defines an inner passageway extending from the first end of the fitting to the second end. The fitting is provided with a valve-engaging portion disposed on the first end of the fitting body. This valve-engaging portion has a threaded region for threadably engaging a threaded section of a valve. On the second end of the fitting body is disposed a sealing portion. The fitting is provided with one or more ports disposed about or near the first end of the fitting body for allowing flow there through.

Abstract: A removable hose cover comprises a hose cover which is adapted to telescopically receive a hose therein. The hose cover has at least one hose cover end fitting on one end thereof and the hose has at least one end fitting on one end thereof, The hose cover end fitting is slidably received over the end fitting. The hose cover fitting and the end fitting are releasably connected to each other.

Abstract: A covering body for heating a pipe to be attached to the pipe and to conduct external heat to heat the pipe, including: a surrounding body including at least two parts having a divided shape of a cylindrical body along an axial line of the cylindrical body, the surrounding body having: a through hole having a diameter corresponding to an outer diameter of the pipe; and a concave groove provided on an outer peripheral surface of at least one of the at least two parts and extending in a longitudinal direction of the surrounding body, a fitting member including: a first fitting plate including a first arc band-shaped plate longer than a half of circumference of an outer peripheral surface of the surrounding body and having a first extended portion and a first cutout at one end of the first arc band-shaped plate; a second fitting plate including a second arc band-shaped plate longer than the half of circumference of the outer peripheral surface of the surrounding body and having, at one end of the second arc band

Abstract: A multi-wefts inserting weaving machine, comprising a block arraying device comprising an upper plate and a lower plate which face each other and are movable upward and downward; and a plural number of unit blocks attached to the internal facing sides of the upper plate and the lower plate of the block arraying device through combining grooves, wherein the unit blocks include two grooves. Accordingly, a lattice woven structure can be easily woven from heavy-duty materials by the present multi-wefts inserting weaving machine.

Abstract: A harness device for a weaving machine is made with partial apertured boards of synthetic material that can be manufactured by injection moulding. Each small partial apertured board has threading openings for pulling through harness cords, provisions to carry connecting elements and positioning means to position the connecting elements. Connecting elements connect one or several harness cords to one or several tackle cords or hooks. The threading openings or the connecting elements are provided with a spring-mounted retaining element and the connecting elements are provided with an opening through which one or several spindles may be passed.

Abstract: A member for guiding harness cords of a Jacquard loom harness wherein the member is substantially planar and is provided with holes defining passages for the cords. At least one of these passages extends in a direction that is oblique with respect to a principal plane of the member. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce frictional forces undergone by the harness cords, particularly at the upper and lower edges of the holes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of one or more lateral yarns from a woven industrial textile to prepare it for seaming. The apparatus consists of a movable table, a clamping device to hold the fabric, and a yarn removal device, consisting of a cutter and a combined hooked needle & thread catcher. In operation, the yarn removal device moves both vertically into and out of the fabric plane, and horizontally parallel to the longitudinal yarns. The yarn removal device pierces the fabric at two locations, cuts one or more yarns, and then grasps the cut section(s) to pull them down and out of the fabric plane. The cycle is repeated to form a longitudinal channel of desired length; the device is then moved laterally and the cycle repeated until an open channel parallel with the lateral fabric edge is accomplished.

Abstract: An installation tool that is used to install a bundling member, such as a metal tie or strap, around a bundle of objects. The installation tool has a tool body, a front handle and an adjustable rear handle. The front handle is positioned within the tool body and the rear handle is pivotally connected to the tool body. The front handle includes a tensioning mechanism with a ratchet mechanism that tensions the bundling member around the bundle of objects to a predetermined tension setting. The front handle also includes a lockout mechanism that overrides the predetermined tension setting of the tension mechanism to enable the bundling member to be tensioned to a desired tension setting.

Abstract: A water treatment product comprising a mixture of at least one active ingredient and a first fluid, wherein the concentration in the product of the active ingredient is at least 50% on a weight basis and the viscosity of the product is at least 2,000 centipoise or 2 pascal seconds, the product adapted to be further diluted upon addition to a second fluid stream to be treated.

Abstract: A feed bag includes a body bounding a compartment, the compartment being adapted to hold a feed material. The body has a first end with an outlet formed thereat and an opposing second end. A vent port is formed on the body so as to communicate with the compartment. In one embodiment a filter is coupled with the vent port. A fluid port is formed on the body so as to communicate with the compartment. The fluid port is adapted to receive a fluid line for delivering a fluid into the compartment of the body.

Abstract: An apparatus for decanting pulverulent product (Q) into a receptacle (50) made of deformable material which receptacle is arranged in a container made of rigid material and is temporarily placed upstream of a lock system containing so-called glove boxes, a shaft (64) is rotatably mounted at a distance (n) from an adjustable base (B), on which shaft at least one hood designed as a glove box, at least one hood trough (80) made of metallic material, preferably of stainless steel, is fixed; at least one support plate (78) for the rigid container is attached to length-adjustable piston/cylinder units (76) at an adjustable distance from the shaft (64), the support plate being parallel to the shaft longitudinal axis (N), and the rigid container is sealingly connected at the other end to a connecting tube (34a) which projects into the hood or the hood trough (80) or the hood system.

Abstract: A combination spoon-lid and a cap for a container includes a main container cap and a spoon-lid. The main container cap has a top and at least one sidewall and has a dispensing orifice located on the top. The cap also has a container attachment mechanism for removably attaching the cap to a container, and has a spoon-lid attachment mechanism on the top adapted to receive the spoon-lid and close the dispensing orifice. The spoon-lid has a first end with a dished spoon section and has a second end in the form of a handle, the spoon-lid adapted to removably connect to the attachment mechanism of the main cap to cover and seal dispensing orifice.

Abstract: The pneumatic greasing system is a grease delivery system specially designed to accommodate the standard commercial grease cartridges already on the market. In order to accomplish this the present invention comprises a cylindrical barrel comprising a cylindrical chute shaped to receive common cartridges. Either end of said barrel is attached to funnel shaped members that in turn have outlets. Inserted within said barrel is a circular disc comprising a rubber O-ring attached to its circumference. In one embodiment the grease is driven from the barrel by pressurized air impacting said disc. In a second embodiment the grease is driven from the barrel by suction applied by a pump against the surface of said disc.

Abstract: Method of charging dynamic-pressure bearing device with lubricating fluid. Preparatorily, lubricating fluid is put into a vacuum chamber and the chamber is vacuum-evacuated to subject the lubricating fluid to a degassing process. An appropriate quantity of fluid is dispensed in one end of the bearing gap, with the bearing device having been placed in a reduced-pressure ambient. In carrying out the dispensation, the pressure of the ambient is adjusted so as to be higher than the pressure during the degassing process. The method in this way prevents the lubricating fluid from frothing when it is being dispensed, and makes it possible to charge dynamic-pressure bearing devices with lubricating fluid without soiling the bearing-device surfaces with splashes or other contaminants.

Abstract: A dual service system and method for selectively compressing and dispensing methane, hydrogen, and variable mixtures of methane and hydrogen for use as a gaseous fuel. The use of an in-line gas density meter, hydraulic intensifier, pressurized gas cooler, optional intermediate storage and multiple dispensers are disclosed. An inline gas density meter is used in combination with a programmable logic controller and a control valve on the hydrogen supply line to create a closed feedback loop for selectively controlling the hydrogen content of the resultant pressurized fuel gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are mobile hydrogen gas dispensing apparatus, and methods for dispensing hydrogen gas. In one embodiment, the mobile hydrogen gas dispensing apparatus comprises a first outlet and a second outlet. The first outlet comprises a first valve, a first hydrogen gas output port, a first nozzle, a first display panel in operable communication with the first hydrogen gas output port, and a first hose forming fluid communication between the first hydrogen output port and the first nozzle. The apparatus further comprises: an electrochemical cell disposed in fluid communication with the first outlet, and a mobile platform, wherein the first outlet and the electrochemical cell are mechanically connected to the mobile platform.

Abstract: Fuel safety system, made of plastic, comprising a liquid fuel tank equipped with a fill tube provided with a guide for a delivery nozzle, which includes a sealing device, a normally-open float valve, for degassing and venting the tank, and a vapour breather pipe that also fixes the maximum level of liquid in the tank, the pipe connecting the top of this tank to a point located downstream of the sealing device and being completely located inside both the tank and the fill tube.

Abstract: A filling system for an anesthetic evaporator is improved such that an anesthetic-specifically coded adapter neck (5) of a bottle adapter (1) can be introduced into the filler neck of a filling device. An outer polygon (7) is provided on the bottle adapter and an inner polygon designed correspondingly thereto is provided on the filler neck as anesthetic-specific codings.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel assembly includes a rim secured to a hub of a wheel, a tire secured to the rim, and a hollow stud. The hollow stud includes an air passageway and extends through a rim opening that one end secured to the hub. A lug nut is secured to the hollow stud at its other end. The one end is operably connected to a source of compressed air through the air passageway. A central tire inflation valve is secured to the rim. The rim includes a first internal passageway communicating with the air passageway and the valve, and a second internal passageway communicating with the valve and the interior of the tire.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a radial tire, particularly a heavy duty radial tire aiming at the improvement of durability, and is characterized by rendering a ratio W2/W1 of width W1 of a belt layer located side a carcass to width W2 of the remaining belt layer in small slant belt layers arranged at a width corresponding to 0.25–0.50 times a tread width in a widthwise direction of the tire, whereby growth and progress of cracks in the vicinity of cord ends of cords used in the belt resulting in separation failure at widthwise ends of the belt are effectively prevented to overcome a weak point in the tread reinforcement of the radial tire.

Abstract: Inside a tread portion and outside a belt layer along the radius direction thereof is formed a belt layer comprising a band ply formed by winding spirally a tape- and belt-form ply wherein one ore plural band cords are stretched and arranged to be embedded in a topping rubber. In this band ply, the elongation resistance value K (unit: N? cord number/cm) specified by the following equation is set within the range of 99 to 700 when the sectional area of the band cord or each of the band cords is represented by S (unit: mm2), the modulus thereof when the elongation thereof is 2% is represented by M (unit: N/mm2), the band cord arrangement density per cm of the band ply is represented by D (unit: cord number/cm).

Abstract: A label-making apparatus includes a mechanism for advancing a ribbon of labels and strip of material and a print head that prints the information on the strip of material at spaced intervals. A mechanism joins the ribbon of labels with the material strip. A cutting station ultrasonically subdivides an individual label from the ribbon of labels and material strip. A sensor in communication with the advance mechanism controls the advance of a length of the ribbon of labels and material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for automatically labeling individual produce items. Individual produce items are conveyed towards a rotary bellows or other applicator. A sensor senses at least one variable characteristic, such as size of each of the produce items. The sensed variable is transmitted to a laser coding device and a variable human or machine readable code is printed on an individual label prior to application of that label to the specific item of produce for which the variable characteristic was sensed. The laser coding beam either reacts with a reactive or ablatable film on each label.

Abstract: A web or fleece of synthetic resin strand collected on a sieve belt is discharged from the sieve belt into further processing equipment over a rerouting roller at the discharge end of the sieve belt. The rerouting roller is perforated and air or another fluid medium is passed through the belt at the rerouting roller to reduce adhesion forces between the belt and the web and lift the web from the belt without damage to the belt.

Abstract: A decorative device, such as a cornice, for crowing a variety of architectural structures also having modular and interchangeable components is disclosed. In one embodiment, a cornice comprises a horizontal base unit having a face section, a top and a bottom, and one or more interchangeable decorative modules. A decorative centerpiece for the cornice is also disclosed. Additionally, the disclosure includes novel means for attaching particular components to one another. In the preferred embodiments, the components are wood.

Abstract: A Venetian-style window blind (10) that resembles plantation style shutters is described. In a preferred embodiment, the headrail is shaped like the plurality of slats depending from it, is pivotally connected to the sides of a window frame by mounting brackets and has a hollow interior. Tilting of the plurality slats depending from the headrail is accomplished by vertically moving an actuator rod that is pivotally connected to the headrail. The plurality of slats are suspended from the headrail by a cord ladder to tilt in unison with the headrail. While tilting the blind assembly into the closed position, the headrail and depending slats also slide inwardly towards the windowpane. The slats are lifted through the actuation of a lift handle that is slidably attached to the actuator rod and contains therein a lock mechanism to hold the slats in a desired position.

Abstract: A cordless activating device for a venetian blind has a central reeling device, two string-guides and a main string. The central reeling device has a U-shaped mounting bracket, a resilient coiling device and a clutch. The resilient coiling device comprises a spring spool, a take-up reel and a specifically designed S-shaped recoiling spring. The clutch selectively locks the resilient coiling device in place and activates the resilient coiling device. The string-guides are mounted on opposite ends of the central reeling device. The main string is attached to and controlled by the central reeling device, is wound around the two string-guides and the resilient coiling device and is connected to two draw strings that extend down through the venetian blind. When the clutch activates the resilient coiling device, the resilient coiling device winds the main string onto the take-up reel, and the venetian blind automatically rises.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lifting apparatus for a two-leaf folding flap or folding door which can be pivoted about horizontal axes, consisting of a two-arm lever which is pivotably supported about a horizontal pivot axis on a side carcass part and whose longer arm is hinged to the lower leaf of the folding flap or folding door and of a pressure element whose one end is pivotably connected to the carcass part and whose other end is connected to the lever. In accordance with the invention, the longer lever arm of the two-arm lever is hingedly and displaceably connected to the lower leaf. Furthermore, the relative movement between the hinge point of the lever and the lower leaf is braked by a spring or friction force.

Abstract: A system and method for producing thin cast strip by continuous casting is disclosed. The system includes a twin-roll casting apparatus having a pair of casting rolls positioned laterally adjacent each other to form a nip between the casting rolls through which metal strip may be continuously cast. A drive mechanism of the system is capable of individually driving the rotational speed of the casting rolls in a counter-rotational direction to cause the strip to pass through the nip between the casting rolls. A control mechanism of the system is capable of varying an alignment angle between the casting rolls to reduce effects of eccentricity in the casting rolls on a profile of the strip produced by the casting rolls.

Abstract: Provided is a highly efficient, slim heat transfer apparatus, including a main body connected to an end of a condensing zone through a liquid coolant reservoir. An extension of the main body is connected to the other end of the condensing zone. The main body has a coolant reservoir that stores liquid coolant supplied from the condensing zone, a vaporization zone in which the liquid coolant supplied from the coolant reservoir is vaporized, and a channel region connecting the coolant reservoir to the vaporization zone. The channel region acts as a channel for supplying the liquid coolant from the coolant reservoir to the vaporization zone.

Abstract: The present invention is a crank-shaped heat pipe for cooling rotating machinery and a corresponding method of manufacture. The crank-shaped heat pipe comprises a sealed cylindrical tube with an enclosed inner wick structure. The crank-shaped heat pipe includes a condenser section, an adiabatic section, and an evaporator section. The crank-shape is defined by a first curve and a second curve existing in the evaporator section or the adiabatic section of the heat pipe. A working fluid within the heat pipe provides the heat transfer mechanism.

Abstract: Ceramic materials that are highly resistant to strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and halides such as hydrogen iodide are employed to make block elements through which a large number of circular ingress channels extend in perpendicular directions and which are joined and piled in the heat exchanging medium section to provide a compact heat exchanger that excels not only in corrosion resistance but also in high-temperature strength.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of a ventilating system includes: heat exchange plates laminated with regular intervals so that a first air passage through which indoor air being discharged to outside of a building passes and a second air passage through which outdoor air being introduced into the interior of the building passes are sequentially formed; first corrugation plates attached to the first air passage and obtaining a space to allow outdoor air to pass therethrough; and second corrugation plates attached to the second air passage and obtaining a space to allow outdoor air to passtherethrough, wherein the heat exchange plates are made of a paper material with numerous fine holes that are able to generate a capillary phenomenon. A sensible heat exchange and a latent heat exchange are possible to minimize a change in a temperature and moisture.

Abstract: A heat transfer plate for a plate heat exchanger including a number of ridges (210) and troughs (220) which have been pressed into the plate, the heat transfer portion of the plate having a plurality of juxtaposed rows (200) of the ridges (210) and troughs (220). The rows (200) of ridges (210) and troughs (220) are separated from each other by essentially plane channel portions (240). Each row (200) presents alternating elongated ridges (210) and elongated troughs (220) which extend along a main flow direction (F). The transition between each ridge (210) and an adjacent trough (220) in the same row (200) is formed by a transition portion (230) which is inclined relative to the central plane (P1) of the plate (1). The heat transfer plate is used in a plate pack for a plate heat exchanger.

Abstract: An apparatus and system, may include a thermal interface material comprised of an array of carbon nanotubes and a buffer layer disposed between the thermal interface material and one of a die or a heat spreader. In some embodiments the carbon nanotubes may be formed above a buffer layer formed above a surface of the heat spreader.

Abstract: An expandable device, such as a sand screen, is used in a wellbore. The expandable device comprises an expandable base pipe and a filter layer that facilitates expansion of the device while maintaining filtering capability.