Abstract: A high-density data storage medium, a method of manufacturing the data storage medium, a high-density data storage apparatus, and methods of writing data on, and reading and erasing data from the data storage medium by using the data storage apparatus are provided. The data storage medium includes a lower electrode, an insulation layer deposited on the lower electrode, a photoelectron emission layer deposited on the insulation layer and having a plurality of protrusions from which photoelectrons are emitted due to collisions between the protrusions and photons, and a dielectric layer deposited on the photoelectron emission layer and storing the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectron emission layer.

Abstract: In an optical pick-up apparatus for recording to or reproducing from an optical information recording medium, the optical pick-up apparatus includes: a light source for emitting light flux; a light converging optical system having an aperture and an objective lens and converging the light flux emitted from the light source on the optical information recording medium; a photodetector for detecting light reflected from the optical information recording medium; and a driving section for driving the objective lens and the aperture in association with the objective lens.

Abstract: An aberration correcting element includes a first aberration correction element movable along the optical axis of the light beam for correcting the aberration of the light beam; a driver for positioning the first aberration correction element along the optical axis in response to a drive control signal; a second aberration correction element having a plurality of phase adjustment portions each generating an amount of phase change in the light beam, the amount corresponding to an adjustment signal; a phase adjuster for supplying the adjustment signal to the respective adjustment portions in response to a phase control signal; a light receiver for receiving the light beam reflected from the recording medium to generate a light-receiving signal; and a controller for generating the drive control signal and the phase control signal based on the light-receiving signal.

Abstract: A light receiving and emitting unit has a plurality of light sources, a light receiving element, a light control unit, and an optical block. The optical block has at least a first and a second member formed of a material having birefringent property, and a third member interposed between the first and the second member and formed of a material having lower refractive index than the first and the second members. The light control unit has a crystal thin plate, a pair of electrodes formed on the surfaces of the crystal thin plate so as to sandwich the crystal thin plate for applying a voltage to the voltage application area, and a first and a second insulating member for sandwiching the crystal thin plate so as to cover the electrodes.

Abstract: An electronic circuit is provided which can autonomously handle an input current (Ii) having a relatively wide dynamic range without being overdriven. The electronic circuit comprises an amplifier stage (AMPST) having an input (IP) for receiving the input current (Ii) and an output (OP) for supplying an output current (Io), such that, during operation, the strength of the output current (Io) increases in response to an increasing strength of the input current (Ii) as long as the strength of the input current (Ii) has not exceeded an input reference level. The strength of the output current (Io) is kept approximately constant when the strength of the input current (Ii) has exceeded the input reference level but has not exceeded a further input reference level. The strength of the output current (Io) decreases in response to an increasing strength of the input current (Ii) when the strength of the input current (Ii) has exceeded the further input reference level.

Abstract: A main information area 31 capable of recording an information signal and a subsidiary information area 32 for recording subsidiary information that is different from the information signal are divided in one principal plane direction of a substrate, and an information layer for recording the information signal in the main information area 31 is provided also in the subsidiary information area 32, and medium identification information for distinguishing the medium optically is recorded in the information layer of the subsidiary information area 32 without changing the shape of the information layer. As a result, the medium identification information can be recorded in an optical recording medium 1 stably. In particular, the initialization of a phase change type optical recording medium and the recording of the medium identification information can be performed at the same time, so that the production process can be simplified, and the production costs can be reduced.

Abstract: An interleaver and interleaving method each includes two stages, and is useful in coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (COFDM) wireless local area networks. A first stage performs a first block permutation and a second stage performs bit order permutation to effectuate a second group permutation. A corresponding de-interleaver does just the opposite at the receiver. A double-buffer version includes writing data into one memory block in a first order while reading data from the second block in a second order, with the first and second orders selected to effectuate the first block permutation.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus which prevents adversely affects from an adjacent channel even without provision of a guard band. An information sequence 1 input to a mapping unit 21-1 of the transmission apparatus is mapped onto predetermined signal points by QAM modulation, etc. and output to a frequency converter 22-1. The frequency converter 22-1 converts the frequency according to a center frequency of an input signal and outputs the result to a multiplexer 23. The other data series are processed in the same way as the data series 1 are output to the multiplexer 23. The multiplexer 23 multiplexes a plurality of input signals, while an IFFT processor 24 performs an inverse Fourier transform on the multiplexed signals all at once. The inverse Fourier transformed signal is quadrature-modulated by a quadrature modulator 26, converted to the RF band signal by the frequency converter 28, and transmitted from an antenna 30.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automatic provisioning of topology for SONET networks are disclosed. The method for topology provisioning generally includes mapping the network topology based on network connection information, verifying that the network elements complete a ring formation, obtaining protection scheme information, and automatically provisioning time-division multiplexing group (TDMG) and/or facility fault protection (FFP) depending upon the protection mechanism.

Abstract: A method for a communications network with a protect channel transmitting protect channel data and working channel transmitting working channel data includes transmitting the working channel data via the protect channel upon a disruption in the working channel, and restoring the transmitting of protect channel data, wherein the restoring includes applying a mesh restoration protocol to the communications network to restore the transmittal of the protect channel data. The restoring includes finding one or more alternate channels to transmit the protect channel data, the one or more alternate channels including connected working and protect channels.

Abstract: A vehicle active network (12) communicatively couples devices (14–20) within a vehicle (10). Device operation is independent of the interface (22–28) of the device (14–20) with the active network (12). Additionally, the architecture of the active network (12) provides one or more levels of communication redundancy. The architecture provides for the total integration of vehicle systems and functions, and permits plug-and-play device integration and upgradeability.

Abstract: In a method for providing protection switching in a voice-over-broadband (VOB) gateway, egress traffic is multicast from a switch fabric to a working port and to a protection port. The working port forwards the egress traffic to a network in a working mode of operation, and the protection port forwards the egress traffic to the network in a protection mode of operation. Also, the working port forwards ingress traffic to the switch fabric in the working mode of operation, and the protection port forwards the ingress traffic to the switch fabric in the protection mode of operation. In one aspect, ingress traffic is forwarded from the protection port and not from the working port in the protection mode of operation. In another aspect, the working port and the protection port share status information, and the status information is used to select between the working mode of operation and the protection mode of operation.

Abstract: Devices, softwares and methods for selectively discarding indicated ones of voice data packets received in a jitter buffer. A comparative discardability code is extracted from one of the stored packets. The code reflects the desirability for discarding the packet relative to the others. A discard decision for the specific packet is made in accordance with the extracted comparative discardability code. Extracting is preferably performed when it is determined to diminish a size of the buffer.

Abstract: A jitter buffer receives a plurality of data packets comprising a circuit emulation service over internet protocol (CESIP), buffers the plurality of data packets, and plays data from the plurality of data packets at a constant bit rate corresponding to the CESIP.

Abstract: A system and method for virtual linking a wireless device to another device is disclosed herein. The system includes an access point and a controller configured to mediate transmissions between the wireless device and the another device. The system further includes a virtual device table and a permissions filter to ensure virtual linking between devices that have matching access right and requested services. The wireless device and the another device may have the same or dissimilar protocols.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling communication rates over a link within a communications system. The method includes storing packets associated with voice and data traffic in individual buffers, and determining an instantaneous number of active voice and active data traffic in the individual buffers. Furthermore, a total link bandwidth that the active voice traffic will consume during a frame interval is determined, and an available link bandwidth, for the active data traffic, remaining after the total link bandwidth is calculated. Finally, rate control is applied to fit the active data traffic in the available link bandwidth. Rate control is achieved by allowing a data session to send data at a portion of its full-rate, where the portion is determined as a function of the instantaneous load generated by all sessions carried on the link.

Abstract: There is provided media converter having an integrated local information transmission function and a fault alarm signal communication system for transmitting local information using a frequency outside the communication frequency bands for data signals. In the subscriber's media converter, based on input local information, a control section sets a transmission frequency outside the communication frequency bands and outputs a signal instructing that a transmission be made. A media independent interface section receives this signal and transmits the signal in the instructed frequency. In the station media converter, a media independent interface section detects the frequency in which the local information is transmitted from the received signal. A control section then generates local information using the detected frequency and outputs it to an SNMP unit.

Abstract: A system for passively analyzing an aggregation of communication signals simultaneously passing through a network link performs spectral analysis on a trace of communication traffic through the network link. The spectral analysis identifies period components of the trace corresponding to different communication signals. A system for deterring the passive analysis of signals aggregates communication traffic through a network link, such that a plurality of signals simultaneously pass through the network link. The plurality of signals is regulated such that the data packets corresponding to the plurality of signals leave the network link at a common rate. A memory temporarily stores the data packets as they enter the network link, and a timer maintains a fixed time interval for releasing the data packets from the memory.

Abstract: A distributed method and apparatus for assigning a unique identifier number to devices connected in a sequential fashion and determining a total device count is presented. Additionally, a method and apparatus for enabling the support of a variable number and type of time slots within a time division multiplexed serial protocol is presented.

Abstract: Techniques for partitioning a network element into multiple virtual network elements are provided. Resources of the network element are allocated to the virtual network elements and a virtual network element manager manages the execution of the virtual network elements. The virtual network elements allow the network element to conceptually function and be customized as distinct network elements.

Abstract: A method and system to provide push-to-talk from one user to another in a wireless packet data telecommunications network is described. The system may include: a wireless communication network including push-to-talk (PTT) functionality, with a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Proxy Server; a SIP Registrar and Location Server operable to store contact addresses of active mobile devices; a Realtime Transport Protocol (RTP) Media Gateway (PTT Server) operable to function as a call endpoint for each of a plurality of mobile devices wherein the plurality of mobile devices are segmented into membership groups, the PTT Server further operable to multicast a communication from one member of the group to the other members of the group; and an Internet Protocol (IP) network interconnecting the SIP Proxy server, the SIP Registrar and Location Server, and the PTT Server.

Abstract: An improved method and system for WAP server management using a single console. A plurality of servers for wireless communication may provide wireless services to one or more clients using a wireless protocol (e.g., WAP). A management console coupled to the plurality of servers may provide integrated management of the plurality of servers. Each agent of a plurality of agents may execute on a corresponding server of the plurality of servers. Each agent may gather information about execution of the respective server and/or execution of the wireless services provided by its respective server. Each agent may provide the gathered information to the management console. The management console may display the gathered information in a number of user-configurable ways (e.g., aggregate information regarding the execution of the plurality of servers, individualized information regarding the execution of individual servers of the plurality of servers.

Abstract: The invention relates to communications systems, and particularly to enhancing tolerance to failures in network elements and transmission systems. The fault tolerance is achieved by providing two or more active ATM permanent virtual channel (PVC) connections between a core network element and an access network element, and providing a separate ATM interface unit for each such ATM PVC connection in the core network element. The user and signalling traffic is distributed among these active connections and interface units. In case of a failure in one of the ATM PVC connections or interface units, the communication is maintained over the other connection(s) and interface unit(s). Thus, only part of the transport capacity is lost, and a total block of communication is avoided. Any new communication will be setup over the other connections.

Abstract: Various techniques ate present for enhancing the quality of service on wireless communications systems. These techniques determine when errors occur in transmitted frames, then apply Bit Error Rate Power Control, Power-Based Re-Transmission, and Sub-Frame Selective Repeat methods to these errors. Consequently, the handling of frame errors consumes fewer resources in the wireless communications systems.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification device includes an integrated circuit including a receiver, a transmitter, and a microprocessor. The receiver and transmitter together define an active transponder. The integrated circuit is preferably a monolithic single die integrated circuit including the receiver, the transmitter, and the microprocessor. Because the device includes an active transponder, instead of a transponder which relies on magnetic coupling for power, the device has a much greater range.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an access point (111) receives a multicast packet intended for a particular multicast group. Upon receipt, the access point only rebroadcast the multicast packet over a wireless segment if it determines that there is at least one wireless subscriber unit (131) belonging to the particular multicast group and associated with the access point that did not originate the multicast packet. Optionally, if the multicast packet signals an automatic rebroadcast of the multicast packet over the wireless segment, the access point automatically rebroadcasts the multicast packet without determining whether there is at least one wireless subscriber unit belonging to the particular multicast group and associated with the access point that did not originate the multicast packet.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for applying a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) network in general packet radio service (GPRS). The MPLS network is established by multiple differentiated service (DS) domains. Each DS domain is constructed by multiple label switching routers (LSRs) and label edge routers (LERs). The LER provides at least a service GPRS supporting node (SGSN) connected to a wireless network base station, and a gate GPRS supporting node (GGSN) connected to a packet switching network. At a signalling plane, IP addresses of all SGSNs and GGSNs are utilized to establish all one-to-one pre-created label switching paths (LSPs) in the MPLS network of the GPRS backbone network. At a transmission plane, the pre-created LSP and LSP tunneling transmit packets between SGSN and GGSN.

Abstract: Interference between collocated wireless devices sharing the same RF channel is avoided or minimized by a new header format provided for the first data packet in an RF transmission. By inclusion of an invalid pulse in the header of each isolated data packet, an FM receiver that “captures” a desired signal from a closest device, midstream of processing an undesired signal (pertubation) from a more distant collocated device, is caused to abort the invalid packet and reinitialize. The receiver is then able to properly process the first packet in the desired transmission (from the closest device).

Abstract: A first session is established for a first mobile access terminal on a first radio network controller via a first radio node. A first traffic channel is established between the first mobile access terminal and the first radio network controller. A first plurality of packets are sent and received over the first traffic channel. The first plurality of packets travel between a first radio node and the first radio network controller without passing through a second radio network controller. The first traffic channel is maintained as the first access terminal moves from a coverage area of the first radio node to a coverage area of a second radio node. A second plurality of packets travel between the second radio node and the first radio network controller without passing through another radio network controller.

Abstract: A method for reserving quality of service (QoS) in a wireless telecommunication system, which comprises at least one mobile station, a support node serving the mobile station, and a data terminal communicating with the mobile station. QoS is reserved and maintained by transmitting path messages and reservation messages between QoS protocol entities of the mobile station and the data terminal. When reserving QoS, data at least on the first path and reservation messages is stored in the mobile station and the support node. The mobile station and the support node drop, on the basis of the stored data, the next messages corresponding to the first path and reservation messages to be transmitted between the mobile station and the data terminal. The mobile station and the support node transmit messages corresponding to the first path and reservation messages periodically to the QoS protocol entities of the mobile station and the data terminal on the basis of the stored data.

Abstract: A method and implementation for network communication is disclosed where one or more network access points are provided for communicating with a plurality of clients over a plurality of carriers. An arrangement is provided for monitoring on or more dedicated carriers for new clients seeking to associate with the network. The new client is detected over the carrier or carriers and he new client is then associated to the network over the carrier or carriers.

Abstract: The invention proposes for improving the overall spectral efficiency of wireless telecommunication systems, in particular of mobile communication systems, the transmission of at least one multiframe signal having a plurality of sub-frames with predefined logical channels (BCCH, FCCH, SCH) repeatedly embedded in predefined sub-frames, wherein a transmitter diversity is applied using antenna and/or polarization hopping sequences such that during the transmission of respective one multiframe, each logical channel (BCCH, FCCH, SCH) is transmitted at least two times with a different antenna and/or polarization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell search method that can reduce the power consumption of a mobile station. At a first step, averaging is executed over an averaging time T1, and slot boundaries are then detected. Next, as in conventional examples, a second and a third step are serially executed, and the averaging at the first step continues to be executed concurrently with the operation of the second and third steps. Correlation values for slots over an averaging time T1? are averaged, and the averaging is further executed using an already calculated first-step average correlation value, thereby calculating an average correlation value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for dynamically adjusting parameters of an outer-loop algorithm, which is used to determine the feasibility of a transmission format. The parameters of the outer-loop algorithm are adjusted according to channel conditions. In one embodiment, an erasure-based approach is used to determine whether to incrementally increase or incrementally decrease a margin parameter in the outer-loop algorithm. Once one margin parameter is altered, other margin parameters can be adjusted accordingly.

Abstract: A method and system for managing radio resources in a time-slotted wireless communication system is based on the quality of service (QoS) information of a user. A plurality of time slots of a radio resource are sorted into a plurality of different categories, such as high QoS time slots, high capacity time slots, and balanced time slots. Each category is associated with a different level of QoS. QoS information with respect to a user is obtained in response to a radio resource request received from the user. The user is associated with a particular category of time slots based on the QoS information of the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing data transfer to and from a host device via a radiocommunication network, and to and from a communication device connected to an external communication network outside the radiocommunication network via the radiocommunication network. Internally stored communication setting information on the external communication network is used to set a relation of connection to the external communication network via the communication device. The relation of connection with the external communication network is used to transfer data to and from the external communication network via the communication device and also to transfer data to and from the host device via the radiocommunication network for controlling data transfer between the host device and external communication network.

Abstract: A method and a system for inter-working an ANSI type radio access network (RAN) in an Internet Protocol (IP) based core network (CN) is disclosed. The method and a system provide for matching primary network components, such as the mobile switching center (MSC) and the base station controller (BSC), so as to inter-work an ANSI Type RAN in the IP based CN, while causing minimum modifications in the currently operated ANSI type RAN and establishing the IP based CN for accommodating the IP based ANSI type RAN. A unified communication network is thus provided by matching the RAN and the CN based upon the IP using a method and a system for signal connection and traffic transfer connection required for the network matching. As a result, a CN may be established, having the transfer path between a RAN and the CN based upon common technology such as IP.

Abstract: A Baseband transmitter for a radio frequency (RF) communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a single-carrier processor, a pulse shape filter, a multi-carrier processor and a signal combiner. The single-carrier processor generates a single-carrier signal at a first sample rate. The pulse shape filter includes multiple polyphase filters which filter the single-carrier signal according to a time shaping pulse that approximates a multi-carrier power spectrum and a sample switch that selects outputs of the polyphase filters at a second sample rate. The multi-carrier processor generates a multi-carrier signal at the second sample rate. The signal combiner combines the filtered single-carrier signal with the multi-carrier signal while maintaining phase, gain, frequency and timing alignment.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed to provide a personalized, location related service to a user of a mobile terminal. The method includes: (A) generating a service specification object that comprises a user-specified location and a message to be generated when the user arrives at the location with the MT; and (B) storing the service specification object for later use. The method further entails: (C) tracking the location of the mobile terminal; and when the location of the mobile terminal matches the location in the stored service creation object, (D) generating the message for activating a user-specified action.

Abstract: Systems and methods that provide remote access are described. In one embodiment, a system may include, for example, a plurality of communication devices and a media device. The plurality of communication devices may be operatively coupled to a network and may include, for example, a native communication device. The media device may be operatively coupled to the native communication device and the network. The media device may be associated with the native communication device and the network and may be capable of exchanging media content with the plurality of communication devices and the network. A profile of the media device may be stored in at least one of the media device and the native communication device. The profile may include, for example, information related to managing the media content when the media device is roaming.

Abstract: Portions of transmitted messages, such as a portion of a service option field, can include a coded representation. The coded representation can correlate to previously stored information as retained at a receiving unit. Upon receiving the coded representation, the receiving unit can use it to access a specific item of previously stored information and then use that information. For example, a previously stored text message can be displayed and/or special annunciation tones can be used to signify specific events, such as the initiation of an interconnect or dispatch call type prior to actual complete initiation of such a call. In one embodiment, a relative station of transmission as corresponds to the coded representation can also be used to further aid in correlating the coded representation to a specific item of information.

Abstract: For synchronizing one or more receivers (E) to a transmitter (S) within a transmission system, the transmitter (S) inserts a special synchronization train into the data stream. The synchronization train is formed of at least two different symbol sequences (A, B), which are transmitted periodically in alternation.

Abstract: A packet switching is performed according to a routing information for relaying particular packets which is produced by the route computation based on the information of a received packet and the kept parts-of-routing-information useful as a basis for the route computation. At this time, the route through which the packet is relayed is determined on the basis of the kept parts-of-routing-information before the route computation. Then, the received packet is relayed according to the determined route. Next, a new routing information is produced by the route computation based on the information of the received packet and the parts-of-routing-information. Thereafter, the succeeding packets of the same route are relayed on the basis of the new routing information.

Abstract: Devices, softwares and methods generate, in real time, indexing metadata for select portions of a telephone conversation or conference. The indexing metadata is generated responsive to inputs received while the conversation is being recorded live. The inputs are either by a user pressing a soft key on a telephone device, or by a voice conference bridge determining who is the dominant speaker in a multi-party conference.

Abstract: A communications system multiplexes voice communications signals onto one or more transport level connections established through a packetized network, such as the Internet. The invention supports the use of variable-length packets and accommodates variable jitter. The system conforms to real time protocol (RTP) and employs internet telephone gateways (ITGs) to bind users to channel identifiers, to indicate payload type and length, to provide channel identification and time stamps, and to indicate cessation and resumption of voice traffic from a particular user through use of, for example, marker bits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a call control method between a packet network and Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs) in the next generation network, which enables a terminating media gateway controller to conduct the virtual Continuity (COT) check in processing ISDN User Part (ISUP) calls for the inter-operation of the packet network and the PSTNs. In particular, according to the present invention, for the inter-operation of a packet network and PSTNs, the terminating media gateway controller seizes the trunk at the time when it receives an IAM from an originating media gateway controller and transits the IAM to a terminating PSTN. At this time, the Continuity Check Indicator (CCI) code of Nature of Connection Indicators (NCI) parameter within the IAM is set as ‘Continuity Check Performed on a Previous Circuit.

Abstract: A system and method for the efficient use of satellite radio modems and satellite bandwidth is disclosed. In the system and method, a satellite radio modem is used for PRACH requests, each PRACH request occupying 31.25 kHz in a packet data transfer channel. The packet data transfer channels can be either 125.0 kHz or 156.25 kHz. Therefore, four PRACH requests can be transmitted in any one packet data transfer channel. The packet data transfer channels are broken into eight time slots, and one time slot in each channel (either the odd frame or even frame) is dedicated to a PRACH request. A satellite radio modem for PDCH transfers is dedicated for each channel. The satellite radio modem assigned to receive the four PRACH requests is timeshared over 16 channels, thereby reducing the amount of satellite radio modems that would otherwise have been needed, had the PRACH request transmissions utilized a dedicated modem for each PRACH request, for each channel.

Abstract: Cameras, radios, televisions, set top boxes (118), telephones, kitchen appliances, and other electrical devices have their own IP address, and communicate using an internetworking protocol. Of particular interest are those devices that utilize some form of mass storage. Communication of the packets between or among elements can occur using any suitable package switched network (or combination of networks), including the Internet (142). The preferred protocol for communicating packets is IP, and communication of the packets between elements can advantageously occur by virtualizing a native bus (120) using IP. It is especially contemplated that the inventive elements can be disaggregated outside the housing of a device, at distances of several meters or more. Communication can be hard wired, or can include wireless aspects. Adapters are also contemplated that permit traditional elements to be addressed by their own IP addresses.

Abstract: An optical network packet classification architecture is disclosed that addresses the packet classification requirements for OC-768 optical routers and beyond. The herein disclosed system is used for ultra-high speed packet classification of optical data at either the serial data stream level for maximum performance, or after it has been converted into parallel words of data. The presently preferred embodiment of the invention provides a system that operates in the receive path, where electronic data are provided by the optical interface to the data framer. The invention incorporates unique features into a traditional optical data framer chip and relies on a complex ASIC to permit the user to differentiate between up to 10,000 different patterns at ultra-high speeds. One purpose of the general purpose system disclosed herein is to eliminate the need for costly and power consumptive content addressable memory systems, or customer pattern specific ASICs, to perform network packet classification.

Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, facilitates communication of data frames between elemental devices of a network element, such as an IP (Internet Protocol) base transceiver station of a radio communication system which includes a multi-port interface converter and a router device connected by way of an Ethernet connection. Data applied to a port of the interface converter is formatted into a data frame which selectably includes a Q Tag Prefix populated with a VID (Virtual LAN Identifier) defined in the IEEE 802.1 Q standard. If the data to be communicated by the multi-port interface converter is originated at the converter, the data is formatted into a data frame, but the prefix structure is not included, and therefore the frame is not populated with the VID. When the data frame is received at the router device, detection is made as to whether the data frame includes a prefix structure.